ABhlTRACTS ESSWS or Papers

Justus D. Doenecke (New College, Sarasota, Florida). Paper on “The Strange Career of American Isolationism, 1944-1954,” delivered at the joint session of the A.H.A. and Conference on Peace Research, San Francisco, December 1973. After noting the difficulty in defining the concept of “isolationsim,” the paper first discusses how isolationsits, even before VJ Day, were discrediting America’s entry into the war, attacking the wartime diplomatic conferences, and warning against potential dangers they saw in the United Nations. In a second part of the paper, Doenecke traces certain “prophetic” elements in isolationist thought: they had a healthy suspicion not only of the President’s warmak- ing power, but also about the nation’s over-commitment of military forces and its indiscriminate foreign aid. A third part of the paper discusses various “negative” postures taken by the isolationists, such as their Asia- First ideology, their flirtation with the Presidential candidacy of General MacArthur, and their lack of any “positive” program. Doenecke denies that one can separate the “positive” and “negative” parts of isolationist ideology, and calls upon historians to study the roots of isolationist estrangement. He concludes: “Carehl scholarship, not heroes, are needed.”

- - - - - - _ _ - - - - . Paper on “The Making of a ‘Seditionist’: The Realpolitik of Lawrence Dennis,” de- livered at the Duquesne History Forum in November 1973. The paper details Dennis’s response to Axis pol- icy is revealed in his newsletter The Weekly Foreign Letter. In this journal, Dennis defended the appease- ment of Germany, attacked Britain and America as“de- cadent,” and predicted Axisvictory. But when Germany attacked Russia, Dennis turned an about-face and praised Stalin as the only “realist” of the war. Doenecke compares Dennis to certain New Left his- torians, and finds Dennis essentially a victim of his own faith in human rationality and of his mechanized view of human behavior.

Dalriel O’Connor (undergraduate, Goddard College, Plainfield, Vt.) is researching “The 1947 Christmas Am- nesty of Selective Service Violators of the Second World War.” This study will emphasize the activities of the Committee for Amnesty and also of the President‘s Amnesty Board. In addition to an analysis of the even- tual outcome of these activities, the paper will also discuss the implications of the 1947 amnesty on the present.

S.Y. Teng, East Asia in International Politics -Two of the four important capitals, Washington, Moscow, Tokyo and Peking are in East Asia, but none of the Asian nations is a superpower. Japan is a flnancial and technological giant. The “Nixon shock” precipitated Japan’s recognition of the People’s Republic of China and severing relations with Taiwan. China has been accused of “using one barbarian to control another.” Actually this is no more than an alliance and 6ounter alliance in European diplomatic history. China is also

“third powers.” The USSR is effectively pursuing the same tactics. Without strong air and navy forces, China has to observe Chou En-lai’s Five Principles of Co- existence. Peking’s improved relation with Washington and Tokyo may maintain the status quo in East Asia for a while. No superpower will risk a major war which is easy to start but hard to end.

Allen A. Turnbull (Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada). Paper on “Pacifist and Nonviolent Strategies in Conflict Games: Internal, External, and Ecological Validity,” delivered at the Canadian Peace Research and Education Association, Toronto, June 1974. Turn- bull, a psychologist, reviews the literature on nonviol- ent bargaining strategies in conflict games, and criti- cally assesses the validity of most studies. Turnbull’s current research is in the area of the social psychology of nonviolent resistance.

Robert H. Whealey, Ohio University - “How Franco Financed His War. Part 11.” Paper delivered to the Society of Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies, University of California, San Diego, 24 March 1974.

Updates an article by John R. Hubbard called “How Franco Financed His War”, published in the Journal of Modern History in December 1953. Whealey’s research shows that Franco received $569 million in credits and purchased war supplies from the Axis; plus $76 million in economic aid *om private corporations in Britain, the United States and Switzerland and other dollar- sterling countries.

Statistical proof will be published in article form with 9 tables. A major new source are records of the period housed in the Archivo Historic0 Nacional in Madrid.

ANNOUNCEMENTS New Materials available from SANE, I 318 Massachusetts Ave., N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002

A new journal: Sane World Quarterly. First issue is devoted to “Military Budget USA’. This cqllection in- cludes material on strategic and general purpose forces, military R & D, military aid, the role ofcongress, and alternative military budgets. Future issues of Sane World Quarterly will be devoted to an in-depth explora- tion of various aspects of foreign and military policy, and the. military-industrial complex.

A 30-minute slide presentation entitled, ”guns or BUTTER? Uncle Sam’s Military Tapeworm”. At $45, each package includes 118 color slides, a tape cassette narration by Paul Newman, an instructional guide for teachers, an action guide for citizens, a written script, and a fill bibliography.

Few & Change, 11, No. 2 (8nmmar 1974) -64-

Work in Progress: Polemology and Irenology: an Histori- cal analysis of Peace theories since 1800

In this project, we will undertake an historical nnalysis of the development of theories of peace during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This study is part of a larger critical inquiry into the historical de- velopment of peace research and its relationship to the aims and methods of the organized peace movement. The major purpose of the whole inquiry is to examine the pursuit of knowledge in terms of its relevance and utility to the achievement of a widely sought social goal-a peaceful world society.

The more specific aims of the present project are:

1. to identify a body of work, including heretofore unrecognized or neglected materials, comprising a lit- erature of peace theory and peace research, dating back to the early nineteenth century (or before), and disting- uishable fiom the literature of pacifism or the peace movement per se by criteria to be specified in the study;

2. to analyze the theoretical part of this literature in order to trace the development of ideas, both philosophical and theoretical, with a view to casting significant light on current schisms and blind spots in contemporary peace research;

3. to provide a preliminary base of materials and analysis for subsequent phases of the larger inquiry, which will examine the relationship of peace theory and peace research to the social contexts in which they developed, and which will analyze trends in quantita-

IN CONNECTION WITH THE WORK OF THE IPRA. tive and other forms of “empirical” peace research in the period since World War J. Berenice A. Carroll Department of Political Science University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 and

Clinton F. Fink Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48104

As a member of the Council of the International Peace Research Association (IPRA), Bill Eckhardt has been asked to give special attention to the relationship between peace research and peace action this year and to advise IPRA in this field. In pursuit of this task he would welcome receiving reports of any personal ex- periences, empirical studies, or social theories which might throw any light on this relationship. How are peace activitists and peace researchers relating to one another these days? How should they be relating in order to make their efforts more effective in contribut- ing to world peace and justice? Please send any infor- mation or thought on this matter to:

Bill Eckhardt Canadian Peace Research Institute

119 Thomas Street Oakville, Ontario L6J 3A7

Canada In return, his report to IPRA in 1975 will be sent to

all those participating in this project. Any relevant re- prints or references would also be most welcome.

Fern L Chmgo, 11, No. Z (Summer 1974) 65