Public Opinion about ROK-U.S. Relations by Nae-young Lee

8/3/2019 Public Opinion about ROK-U.S. Relations by Nae-young Lee

1/14

LJDCCBGKB\ M\BH FQ XJB H^VI

EMV XJB DCCADGLB DGH XJB VBKAMG

Xjb Imvbd Blmgmoal Ag|xaxrxb 46>4 E \xvbbx# G[# \raxb 14> [d|jagkxmg# HL 6>>>8

Xbcb~jmgb *6>6! 858/41:6 Edl|aoacb *6>6! 858/41:; [bf Dhhvb|| {{{'ibad'mvk


2/14

LMGXBGX\

^vbedlb ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' u

^dvx A0 \mrxj Imvbd dgh xjb R'\'/VMI Dccadglb

^rfcal M~agamg dfmrx VMI/R'\' Vbcdxamg|

Cbb Gdb/qmrgk' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 4

D Gb{ R'\'/VMI Dccadglb0 D Gagb/^magx Vblmoobghdxamg emv d Vbecblxaub dgh Odxrvb ^dvxgbv|ja~

^dvi Irg/qmrgk' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 46

^dvx AA0 Bd|x D|adg Vbkamgdca|o0 Omuagk Emv{dvh

\mrxj Imvbd dgh Bd|x D|adg Vbkamgdca|o0 [jalj ^dxj Djbdh=

Ljrgk @ag/qmrgk' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '


3/14 \MRXJ IMVBD DGH XJB R'\'/VMI DCCADGLB 4

^RFCAL M^AGAMG DFMRX VMI/R'\' VBCDXAMG\

fq Cbb Gdb/Qmrgk

Xjb qbdv 6>>< {d| xjb 2>xj dggaubv|dvq me xjb VMI/

R'\' dccadglb' Hrvagk xjb ~d|x jdce lbgxrvq# xjb VMI/

R'\' dccadglb jd| fbbg lmg|ahbvbh d kvbdx |rllb||'

Xjb facdxbvdc dccadglb {d| r|rdccq hbbobh d evabgh|ja~

lbobgxbh ag fcmmh# odvibh fq obomvab| me |jdvbh

|dlvaealb'4 Xjb dccadglb jd| |bvubh d| dg beeblxaub |b/

lrvaxq evdob{mvi xm hbxbv Gmvxj Imvbdg dkkvb||amg'

Ag dhhaxamg# ax jd| jbc~bh xm lvbdxb d |xdfcb bguavmg/

obgx emv blmgmoal hqgdoa|o dgh hbomlvdxal lmg/

|mcahdxamg {axjag \mrxj Imvbd' Qbx# xjb dccadglb gm{

cab| dx d lvm||vmdh|' Xjb ljdgkb ag xjb kcmfdc dgh

vbkamgdc |xvdxbkal bguavmgobgx ag Gmvxjbd|x D|ad# xjb

{ahbgagk ~bvlb~xamg kd~ fbx{bbg xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|

dgh \mrxj Imvbd dfmrx xjvbdx| evmo Gmvxj Imvbd# dgh

~mcalq haubvkbglb fbx{bbg xjb x{m kmubvgobgx| jdub

~vmhrlbh xbg|amg# ea||rvb# dgh orxrdc ha|xvr|x fbx{bbg

xjb x{m dccab|' Xjbvbemvb# xjbvb dvb omrgxagk hmrfx|

dgh ~b||aoa|o dfmrx xjb erxrvb me xjb R'\'/VMI dcca/

dglb' Dx d vblbgx dldhboal lmgebvbglb# Ldxm Ag|xa/

xrxb vb|bdvljbv Hmrk Fdghm{ |dah xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|jd| gm uaxdc agxbvb|x| ag Imvbd xjdx `r|xaeq jrkb lm|x|

dgh |dlvaealb dgh xjdx xjb x{m gdxamg| gbbh xm ~vb~dvb

emv haumvlb'6

VMI/R'\' Dccadglb dx d Lvm||vmdh|

Xjbvb jdub fbbg odgq |akg| me vaex ag vblbgx VMI/

R'\' facdxbvdc vbcdxamg|' Ag Odvlj 6>>2# ^vb|ahbgx Vmj

Omm/jqrg dggmrglbh xjdx \mrxj Imvbd gbbh| xm ~cdq

xjb vmcb me fdcdglbv ag Gmvxjbd|x D|ad' Bubg xjmrkj

xjb Imvbdg kmubvgobgx dvkrb| xjdx d vbkamgdc fdcdglbv

vmcb a| fd|bh mg d |xvmgk Imvbd/R'\' dccadglb# lvaxal|

dvkrb xjdx Vmj| |xdglb a| |jdiagk xjb jdce/lbgxrvq

dccadglb dgh xjdx \bmrc odq fb kauagk xjb ao~vb||amg

ax {acc {bdibg xab| {axj [d|jagkxmg dgh odagxdag d

gbrxvdc ~m|axamg {axj [d|jagkxmg mv Fba`agk mg vbkamgdc

a||rb|'< Ag bdvcq D~vac 6>>2# R'\' Emvlb| Imvbd *R\EI!

dggmrglbh xjdx ax ~cdg| xm bcaoagdxb r~ xm 4#>>> `mf|

me \mrxj Imvbdg bo~cmqbb| dx R'\' oacaxdvq fd|b| dgh

oakjx {axjhvd{ |mob lmofdx btra~obgx evmo xjb

~bgag|rcd fbldr|b me vbhrlbh eagdgladc |r~~mvx evmo

\mrxj Imvbd'

Omvbmubv# d |akgaealdgx bvm|amg me ~rfcal |r~~mvx emvxjb dccadglb a| lvbdxagk ervxjbv mf|xdlcb| emv xjb dcca/

dglb' Xjb vblbgx {dub me dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj

Imvbd jd| ~vmhrlbh d vaex ag xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb'8

\MRXJ IMVBD DGH XJB R'\'/VMI DCCADGLB

4' Hrvagk xjb Imvbdg [dv me 412>2> R'\' |mchabv| {bvb iaccbh dgh 16#>>> {bvb {mrghbh' Dexbv xjb Imvbdg [dv# ag 4128# xjb

Orxrdc Hbebg|b Xvbdxq {d| |akgbh' Fq vbtrb|x me xjb R'\' kmubvgobgx# xjb Imvbdg kmubvgobgx hb~cmqbh xjvbb ercc agedgxvq haua|amg|

xm xjb Uabxgdo [dv evmo 4158 xm 41;2 D~vac 6>>2'

8' Mg xjb ja|xmvaldc hbubcm~obgx me dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd# |bb Hduah \xbagfbvk' bh'# Imvbdg Dxxaxrhb| xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb|0 Ljdgkagk Hqgdoal| *Gb{ Qmvi0 O' B' \jdv~' 6>>2!9 Cb{ Qmrgk Ali# Ja|xmvaldc Mubvuab{ me Imvbdg ^bvlb~xamg| me xjb

Rgaxbh \xdxb|0 Eaub Od`mv \xbvbmxq~b|# Imvbd @mrvgdc 88# gm' 4 *6>>8!0 4>1249 Iao @ag/{rgk# Vblbgx Dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag

\mrxj Imvbd#D|adg \rvubq 61# gm' < *41:1!0 ;815>6!'


4/146 XJB IMVBD BLMGMOAL AG\XAXRXB

Dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag Imvbd jd| |rhhbgcq kdagbh ua|/

afacaxq |aglb xjb ldghcbcakjx ~vmxb|x| me Gmubofbv dgh

Hblbofbv 6>>6 ag \bmrc' Xjb |rvkb me dgxa/Dobva/

ldga|o ag Hblbofbv 6>>6 {d| trdcaxdxaubcq haeebvbgx

ag |apb dgh hrvdxamg evmo ~vbuamr| aglahbgx| xjdx odga/

eb|xbh dg dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx' Xjb Hblbofbv

6>>6 kdxjbvagk {d|# fq edv# xjb cdvkb|x dgxa/Dobvaldghbomg|xvdxamg bubv xm fb jbch ag \mrxj Imvbd' D| dgxa/

Dobvaldga|o {d| mg xjb aglvbd|b ag \mrxj Imvbd#

xbg|amg| {bvb dc|m va|agk mg xjb Imvbdg ~bgag|rcd

odagcq fbldr|b Gmvxj Imvbd hblcdvbh ax {mrch vbgb{

ax| grlcbdv {bd~mg| ~vmkvdo' Ag xjb ~d|x# xjbvb jdh

fbbg d kbgbvdc ~dxxbvg me aglvbd|bh ~rfcal |r~~mvx emv

xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb {jbgbubv d xjvbdx xm gdxamgdc

|blrvaxq dvm|b' Ag Hblbofbv 6>>6# jm{bubv# dgxa/

Dobvaldga|o lmgxagrbh xm kvm{ vbkdvhcb|| me xjb

grlcbdv |xdghmee {axj Gmvxj Imvbd' Ag mxjbv {mvh|#

xjb ~d|x ~dxxbvg me aglvbd|bh |r~~mvx emv xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb| ag xjb ~vb|bglb me d |blrvaxq xjvbdx evmo GmvxjImvbd gm cmgkbv jbch xvrb'

Odgq mrvgdca|x|# ag fmxj \mrxj Imvbd dgh xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb|# vb~mvxbh xjdx va|agk dgxa/Dobvaldga|o hb|~axb

aglvbd|agk |blrvaxq xjvbdx| evmo Gmvxj Imvbd agecalxbh

od`mv hdodkb mg xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' Dllmvhagk

xm xjb mrvgdca|x|# xjb Imvbdg kmubvgobgx ro~bh mg

xjb fdgh{dkmg me dgxa/Dobvaldg gdxamgdca|o emv ~mcaxa/

ldc ~rv~m|b|# {mv|bgagk xjb |axrdxamg dgh ldr|agk d

lcbdudkb ag R'\'/Imvbd vbcdxamg|' Xjbq dvkrbh xjdx

dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd vbecblx| d gbkdxaub

aodkb me \mrxj Imvbd xm xjb R'\' ~rfcal dgh R'\'kmubvgobgx dgh lmrch cbdh xm gbkdxaub lmg|btrbglb|

|rlj d| xjb {axjhvd{dc me R\EI'2

Ag {agxbv 6>>6# dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd {d|

bz~blxbh xm vbodag emv d cmgk xaob d| d |mrvlb me

lmgecalx {axjag Imvbdg |mlabxq d| {bcc d| ~m|b dg mf/

|xdlcb xm VMI/R'\' vbcdxamg|' Xjb va|b me dgxa/Dobva/

ldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd a| lcm|bcq vbcdxbh xm xjb ljdgk/

agk ~bvlb~xamg| me xjb Imvbdg kmubvgobgx dgh ~rfcal

mg xjb |rf`blx me Gmvxj Imvbd' M{agk ~dvxcq xm xjb

\rg|jagb mcalq dgh ~dvxcq xm vblbgx ao~vmubobgx me

agxbv/Imvbdg vbcdxamg|# xjb ~bvlb~xamg me xjb \mrxj

Imvbdg ~rfcal dfmrx xjb xjvbdx ~m|bh fq Gmvxj Imvbd

jd| haoaga|jbh |rf|xdgxadccq' Xjr|# odgq bz~bvx| dv/

krb xjdx xjbvb a| d {ahbgagk kd~ fbx{bbg xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb| dgh \mrxj Imvbd ag xjb ~bvlb~xamg me xjb Gmvxj

Imvbdg xjvbdx dgh xjdx xja| kd~ jd| fblmob d od`mv

mf|xdlcb emv xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' Jm{bubv# m~ag/

amg ~mcc| evmo @rgb 6>>< xm Hblbofbv 6>>8 |jm{xjdx dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd jd| |rf|xdg/

xadccq {dgbh' \rvubq vb|rcx| aghaldxb xjdx ~rfcal

m~agamg mg xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb dgh R\EI vbubv|bh

evmo gbkdxaub xm ~m|axaub# dgh fbx{bbg oah/6>>< dgh

cdxb 6>>8 d edumvdfcb ~bvlb~xamg me xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|

dgh xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb dvm|b domgk xjb Imvbdg

~rfcal'

Jm{ ldg {b bz~cdag dgh agxbv~vbx Imvbd| ecrlxrdxagk

dgxa/Dobvaldga|o |aglb xjb {agxbv me 6>>6= Xja| ~d/

~bv bzdoagb| xjb ljdgkb| ag ~rfcal dxxaxrhb dgh ~bv/

lb~xamg xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| mubv xjb ~d|x x{mqbdv|' X{m ibq trb|xamg| {acc fb bzdoagbh0 Xjb eav|x

a| {jbxjbv xjb vblbgx hblcagb me dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag/

haldxb| xjb aglvbd|agk |r~~mvx me xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal

emv xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' Xjb |blmgh trb|xamg a|

{jbxjbv xjb xjvbdx ~bvlb~xamg kd~ fbx{bbg \mrxj

Imvbd dgh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| dfmrx xjb |rf`blx me Gmvxj

Imvbd a| |bvamr| bgmrkj xm rghbvoagb xjb VMI/R'\'

dccadglb dgh {jbxjbv {dgagk dgxa/Dobvaldga|o jd|

gdvvm{bh xja| ~bvlb~xamg kd~'

Bo~avaldc hdxd r|bh emv xjb ~d~bv dvb fd|bh mg ~mcc|

lmghrlxbh `magxcq fq xjb Bd|x D|ad Ag|xaxrxb dgh xjb@mmgkDgk Acfm# JdgImmi Acfm# Ljaldkm Lmrglac mg

Emvbakg Vbcdxamg|# dgh Kcmfb\ldg ag Hblbofbv 6>>6#

@rgb 6>>>8# @rcq 6>>8# dgh Hblbofbv

6>>8' Lmghrlxbh eaub xaob| {axj dg d~~vmzaodxb |az/

omgxj agxbvudc r|agk d |aoacdv trb|xamggdavb# xjb m~ag/

amg ~mcc| dvb r|berc emv ha|lbvgagk xjb ljdgkb| ag ~rf/

cal dxxaxrhb| xm{dvh VMI/R'\' vbcdxamg|' Xja| ~d~bv

vbcab| mg jbduacq mg Kcmfdc Uab{| 6>>8# lvm||/gdxamgdc

|rvubq| lmghrlxbh fq xjb Ljaldkm Lmrglac mg Emv/

bakg Vbcdxamg|*LLEV! ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| ag lmccdfm/

vdxamg {axj xjb Bd|x D|ad Ag|xaxrxb *BDA! ag \mrxj Im/

vbd dgh xjb Lbgxvm hb Agub|xakdlag q Hblbglad

2' Lmg|bvudxaub gb{|~d~bv| |rlj d| xjb Ljm|rg Hdacq ag \mrxj Imvbd dgh vbgm{gbh lmcroga|x| |rlj d| [accado \deavb dgh Valjdvh

Dccbg ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| bo~jd|apbh xjb gbkdxaub ao~dlx| me dgxa/Dobvaldga|o xm xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb'


5/14 \MRXJ IMVBD DGH XJB R'\'/VMI DCCADGLB >6 {d| d xbo~mvdvq mrxfrv|x erbcbh fq od||

ldghcbcakjx hbomg|xvdxamg| dgh ~mcaxaldc lavlro|xdglb|

|rvvmrghagk xjb ~vb|ahbgxadc bcblxamg ag Imvbd' Xjbvb/

emvb# ax {d| gmx lcbdv {jbxjbv xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal|

{dub me dgxa/Dobvaldga|o {d| |bvamr| bgmrkj xm

xjvbdxbg xjb cbkaxaodlq me xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' Xm

bzdoagb {jbxjbv xjb vblbgx va|b me dgxa/Dobvaldga|o

xjvbdxbgbh xjb cbkaxaodlq me xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb#

{b gbbh xm bzdoagb jm{ xjb |rvkb me dgxa/Dobvaldg/

a|o ag Hblbofbv 6>>6 jd| ljdgkbh |aglb xjdx xaob'Xm hm |m# {b eav|x cmmi dx xjb ~rfcal| uab{| mg a||rb|

lcm|bcq cagibh xm xjb dccadglb fbx{bbg \mrxj Imvbd

dgh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| dgh kdrkb ~rfcal m~agamg dfmrx

xjb vmcb me R\EI# xjb hb|avbh VMI/R'\' vbcdxamg|#

dgh [d|jagkxmg| ~mcalq xm{dvh Gmvxj Imvbd'

[dgagk Dgxa/Dobvaldga|o

Eav|x# cbx r| cmmi dx ljdgkagk dxxaxrhb| mg VMI/R'\'

vbcdxamg| d| |jm{g ag Eakrvb 4' [jbg d|ibh ag xjb

Hblbofbv 6>>6 |rvubq {jdx d hb|avdfcb VMI/R'\'

dccadglb {mrch fb# 6>'8 ~bvlbgx ag Imvbd |r~~mvxbh d|xvmgkbv dccadglb dgh 2>'2 ~bvlbgx xmmi xjb oahhcb/

me/xjb/vmdh ~m|axamg me odagxdagagk xjb lrvvbgx dcca/

dglb' Xjb vbodagagk 6:'4 ~bvlbgx ldccbh emv gdxamgdc

hbebg|b drxmgmoq' Ax a| caibcq xjdx xjm|b {jm ldccbh

emv gdxamgdc hbebg|b drxmgmoq xbghbh xm fb ha|lmg/

xbgxbh {axj xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' Ag @rgb 6>>'8 xm >8 dvb lvm||/gdxamgdc |rvubq| lmo~va|agk xjvbb |b~dvdxb |rvubq| ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|# \mrxj Imvbd# dgh Obzalm'

Emv xjb odag eaghagk| me xjb xjvbb |rvubq|# lmg|rcx xjb emccm{agk vb~mvx|0 Kcmfdc Uab{| 6>>80 Dobvaldg rfcal M~agamg dgh Emvbakg

^mcalq *Ljaldkm0 Ljaldkm Lmrglac mg Emvbakg Vbcdxamg|# 6>>8!9 Kcmfdc Uab{| 6>>80 Lmo~dvagk \mrxj Imvbdg dgh Dobvaldg rfcal

M~agamg dgh Emvbakg ^mcalq *Ljaldkm0 Ljaldkm Lmrglac mg Emvbakg Vbcdxamg|# 6>>8!9 dgh Kcmfdc Uab{| 6>>80 Obzaldg ^rfcal M~agamg

dgh Emvbakg mcalq *Ljaldkm0 Ljaldkm Lmrglac mg Emvbakg Vbcdxamg|# 6>>8!# {{{'llev'mvk-kcmfdcuab{|6>>8'

Xjb aglvbd|b ag edumvdfcb dxxaxrhb| xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb| a| dc|m mf|bvubh evmo xjb ljdgkagk ~bvlb~xamgmg R\EI * Eakrvb 6!' Ag xjb Hblbofbv 6>>6 ~mcc#

lmofagbh |r~~mvx emv aoobhadxb {axjhvd{dc *5'< ~bv/

lbgx! dgh {axjhvd{dc ag |xdkb| *88'5 ~bvlbgx! me R\EI

{d| jakjbv xjdg lmofagbh |r~~mvx emv lmgxagrbh ~vb|/

bglb *6; ~bvlbgx! dgh bzxbghbh ~vb|bglb *64 ~bv/

lbgx!' Fbldr|b xjb R\EI jd| fbbg xjb od`mv hbxbv/

vbglb xm |blrvaxq xjvbdx| evmo Gmvxj Imvbd hrvagk

xjb ~d|x jdce lbgxrvq# xja| |rvubq vb|rcx {d| ubvq dcdvo/

agk dgh |jm{bh dg mubvdcc ha|lmgxbgx {axj xjb VMI/

R'\' dccadglb dgh xjb ~m||afacaxq xjdx va|agk dgxa/Dobva/

ldg |bgxaobgx lmrch rghbvoagb xjb cbkaxaodlq me xjb

VMI/R'\' dccadglb'



Ag xjb Ebfvrdvq 6>>8 |rvubq# jm{bubv# |r~~mvx emv

aoobhadxb {axjhvd{dc dgh {axjhvd{dc ag |xdkb| me

R\EI hvm~~bh evmo 5'< xm >8 |rvubq# |r~~mvx emv {axjhvd{dcag |xdkb| dgh emv bzxbghbh ~vb|bglb aglvbd|bh# {jacb

|r~~mvx emv lmgxagrbh ~vb|bglb hvm~~bh |akgaealdgxcq'

Aglvbd|agk \r~~mvx emv xjb VMI/R'\' Dccadglb

Dcmgk {axj {dgagk dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx# xjb vb/

lbgx xvbgh me \mrxj Imvbdg ~rfcal m~agamg a| mgb me

aglvbd|agk |r~~mvx emv xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' \rvubq

vb|rcx| me @rcq 6>>8 lcbdvcq aghaldxb xjb edumvdfcb ebbc/

agk| me Imvbdg| xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| dgh xjb ag/lvbd|agk vblmkgaxamg me xjb |xvdxbkal ao~mvxdglb me

xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| fq xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal' D| |bbg ag

Xdfcb 4# xjb hbkvbb me edumvdfcb ebbcagk| ebcx fq Imvb/

dg| xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| a| 2:# {jalj a| lmo~d/

vdfcb {axj xjbav ebbcagk| emv mxjbv jakjcq edumvbh gd/

xamg| |rlj d| xjb Rgaxbh Iagkhmo *2:! dgh Ljagd

*2:!'; Gmxalbdfcb jbvb a| xjdx Imvbdg| edumvdfcb ebbc/

agk| dfmrx xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| dvb gmx |akgaealdgxcq

{bdibv xjdg xjbav ebbcagk| xm{dvh Ljagd'

Omvbmubv# xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| {d| ljm|bg d| xjb fb|x

|xvdxbkal ~dvxgbv fq 24 ~bvlbgx me xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal*Eakrvb

kbgbvdc ~rfcal dgh 4< ~bvlbgx me m~agamg cbdhbv| vb/

kdvhbh Ljagd d| xjb fb|x ~dvxgbv' Xja| vb|rcx aghaldxb|

xjdx om|x Imvbdg| vblmkgapb xjb |xvdxbkal ao~mvxdglb

me xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| xm \mrxj Imvbd' Ljagd a| edv fb/

jagh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| d| xjb fb|x ~dvxgbv ag xjb oagh|

me om|x Imvbdg|' Xja| eaghagk lmgxvdhalx| xjb lcdao

xjdx \mrxj Imvbdg| dvb xjagiagk me Ljagd d| dg dcxbv/

gdxaub |blrvaxq ~dvxgbv xm xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|'

Xjb Hblbofbv 6>>8 FFL [mvch \bvualb ~mcc lmo/

~dvb| dxxaxrhb| xm{dvh ^vb|ahbgx Kbmvkb [' Fr|j|

;' Gmxb xjdx Xdfcb 4 |jm{| xjdx ebbcagk| xm{dvh Gmvxj Imvbd dgh @d~dg {bvb 85 dgh 82# vb|~blxaubcq# {axj Gmvxj Imvbd vdgiagk

|cakjxcq jakjbv xjdg @d~dg''

Xdfcb 40 Imvbdg| Ebbcagk| Xjbvomobxbv xm{dvh \bcblxbh Lmrgxvab| dgh Agxbvgdxamgdc Mvkdgapdxamg|# 6>>8# ag

obdg hbkvbb|

Vb|~mghbgx| R'\' @d~dg Ljagd Gmvxj Avdt Rgaxbh Rgaxbh Brvm~bdg [mvch XvdhbImvbd Iagkhmo Gdxamg| Rgamg Mvkdgapdxamg

\mrxj Imvbdg~rfcal 2: 82 2: 85 >80 \mrxj Imvbdg \rvubq *\bmrc0 Bd|x D|ad Ag|xaxrxb# 6>>8!'



vbbcblxamg ag 64 lmrgxvab|# dgh ax jakjcakjx| xjb ljdgk/

agk dxxaxrhb me xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ~rfcal xm{dvh xjb

Rgaxbh \xdxb| *Eakrvb 8!': Dcxjmrkj gbkdxaub dxxaxrhb|

xm{dvh xjb Fr|j vbbcblxamg dvb d {mvch{ahb ~jbgmo/

bgmg# ax a| lcbdv xjdx# domgk xjb 64 lmrgxvab|# xjb \mrxj

Imvbdg ~rfcal jdh d vbcdxaubcq ~m|axaub dxxaxrhb xm{dvh

ja| vbbcblxamg' Ag edlx# ~rfcal dxxaxrhb| ag \mrxj Imvbd

xm{dvh xjb Fr|j vbbcblxamg dvb omvb ~m|axaub xjdg dx/

xaxrhb| ag Kvbdx Fvaxdag dgh ag om|x me xjb Brvm~bdg

Rgamg *BR! lmrgxvab|' Xja| |rvubq vb|rcx |rkkb|x| xjdx

xjb cbubc me dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx ag \mrxj Imvbd

a| vbcdxaubcq cm{ dgh jd| fbbg bzdkkbvdxbh fq odag/|xvbdo obhad ag fmxj \mrxj Imvbd dgh xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb|'

Ag |jmvx# xjb od`mvaxq me xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal a| ubvq

ldrxamr| dfmrx ha|odgxcagk xjb xvdhaxamgdc VMI/R'\'

dccadglb' Om|x Imvbdg| jdub d |bg|b me jb|axdxamg mv

d~~vbjbg|amg xm{dvh d erghdobgxdc vr~xrvb me Im/

vbd/R'\' vbcdxamg|' Xjb|b |rvubq vb|rcx| |jm{ xjdx xjb

vblbgx |rvkb me dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx ag \mrxj

Imvbd jd| gmx ~m|bh dgq vbdc xjvbdx xm xjb dccadglb

fbx{bbg \bmrc dgh [d|jagkxmg' [axj omvb xjdg ;>

~bvlbgx me xjb ~m~rcdxamg edumvagk odagxbgdglb mv|xvbgkxjbgagk me xjb dccadglb# ax {mrch fb haeealrcx xm

ljdvdlxbvapb xjb dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd d|

ljdccbgkagk xjb cbkaxaodlq me xjb dccadglb'1

Hauahbh ^rfcal M~agamg dfmrx xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|

Hb|~axb xjb vblbgx xvbgh me aglvbd|agk |r~~mvx emv xjb

VMI/R'\' dccadglb# d ~mxbgxadccq |bvamr| xjvbdx xm xjb

dccadglb jd| fbbg xjb |jdv~ ~mcdvapdxamg me ~rfcal dxxa/

xrhb| xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| fd|bh mg dkb kvmr~|#

:' 64 Gdxamg mcc mg Fr|j| Vbbcblxamg0 FFL [mvch \bvualb mcc# {{{'~a~d'mvk-MgcagbVb~mvx|-FFL{mvch~mcc-Tggdavb>4]41]>2'~he9

{{{'~a~d'mvk-MgcagbVb~mvx|-FFL{mvch~mcc-Dgdcq|a|>4]41]>2'~he'

1' Emv bz~cdgdxamg| me {dgagk dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd# |bb Gdb/Qmrgk Cbb dgh Jdg [mmc @bmgk' Ecrlxrdxagk Dgxa/

Dobvaldga|o dgh xjb Imvbd/R'\' Dccadglb#Agxbvgdxamgdc \xrhab| Vbuab{ *Kvdhrdxb \ljmmc me Agxbvgdxamgdc \xrhab|# B{jd [modg|

Rgaubv|axq! 2*6!*6>>8!# ~~' 6'



ahbmcmkaldc mvabgxdxamg# dgh |r~~mvx emv ~mcaxaldc ~dv/

xab|' Xdfcb 6 |jm{| xjb vb|rcx| me d lvm||/xdfrcdxamg

me ~rfcal uab{| dfmrx hb|avdfcb VMI/R'\' vbcdxamg|

fq dkb kvmr~|# ahbmcmkaldc mvabgxdxamg# dgh ~dvxq ~vbe/

bvbglb' Eav|x# xjbvb {d| d |jdv~ ha|~dvaxq me uab{| mg

xjb hb|avdfcb R'\'/Imvbd dccadglb domgk haeebvbgx dkb

kvmr~|' D ~vbebvbglb emv gdxamgdc hbebg|b drxmgmoq{d| |xvmgkbv domgk qmrgkbv dkb kvmr~|# {jacb xjm|b

dkbh 2> dgh dfmub |jm{bh d ~vbebvbglb emv d |xvmg/

kbv VMI/R'\' dccadglb' Ag dhhaxamg# {b ldg ha|lbvg d

|akgaealdgx haua|amg me dxxaxrhb| xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|

dllmvhagk xm ahbmcmkaldc mvabgxdxamg dgh ~dvxq

~vbebvbglb'

Xja| vb|rcx aghaldxb| xjdx xjbvb dvb x{m lmgecalxagk

~bvlb~xamg| vbkdvhagk xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| domgk xjb

Imvbdg ~rfcal' [jacb |mob Imvbdg| ~bvlbaub xjb

Rgaxbh \xdxb| d| d vbcadfcb dccq xjdx {acc krdvdgxbb gd/

xamgdc |blrvaxq# mxjbv| jmch dg m~~m|agk uab{ xjdx xjbRgaxbh \xdxb| a| dg ao~bhaobgx xm xjb vd~~vmljbobgx

fbx{bbg \bmrc dgh ^qmgkqdgk' Xjb hauahbh ~bvlb~/

xamg| dfmrx xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| |bbo xm fb lcm|bcq vb/

cdxbh xm xjb lmgecalxagk uab{| xm{dvh Gmvxj Imvbd'

Xjb x{m lmgecalxagk dxxaxrhb| xm{dvh Gmvxj Imvbd dvb

bgxjr|ad|o xm{dvh Gmvxj Imvbd d| d ~dvxgbv emv vd~/

~vmljbobgx dgh vbrgaealdxamg# dgh cagkbvagk oa|xvr|x

me Gmvxj Imvbd d| dg bgboq'4>

Xjb ~mcdvapdxamg me ~rfcal m~agamg mg |blrvaxq a||rb|#

|rlj d| xjb ~mcalq xm{dvh Gmvxj Imvbd dgh VMI/R'\' vbcdxamg|# jd| fbbg xjb ibq ldr|b me ahbmcmkaldc

lmgecalx ag \mrxj Imvbd dgh d od`mv mf|xdlcb ag kdag/

agk xjb gdxamgdc lmg|bg|r| vbtravbh emv ~vmomxagk xjb

VMI kmubvgobgx| ~mcalq mg Gmvxj Imvbd dgh xjb

VMI/R'\' vbcdxamg|' Xjb lmgecalx a| caibcq xm lmgxagrb

xm ~cdkrb \mrxj Imvbd emv d cmgk xaob'44

Hauahbh ~rfcal dxxaxrhb| mg |blrvaxq a||rb| dvb om|x

|dcabgx domgk haeebvbgx dkb kvmr~|' D grofbv me bz/

~cdgdxamg| ldg fb |rkkb|xbh emv xjb vbd|mg| emv xjb

dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx domgk xjb qmrgkbv kbgbvd/

xamg' Eav|x# fbldr|b xjb qmrgkbv kbgbvdxamg hah gmxbz~bvabglb xjb Imvbdg [dv dgh# xjr|# jd| mgcq d {bdi

|bg|b me xjvbdx evmo Gmvxj Imvbd# obofbv| me xjdx

kbgbvdxamg xbgh xm hm{g~cdq xjb vmcb me xjb VMI/

R'\' dccadglb d| d hbxbvvbgx dkdag|x d Gmvxj Imvbdg

Xdfcb 60 \mrxj Imvbdg M~agamg| mg Hb|avdfcb VMI/R'\' Vbcdxamg|# 6>>8# ~bvlbgxdkb

Hb|avdfcb VMI/R'\' vbcdxamg|

Kvmr~ {axjag \mrxj Imvbd| Gdxamgdc hbebg|b \xvbgkxjbgbh~m~rcdxamg drxmgmoq \xdxr| trm dccadglb Xmxdc

Fq dkb *G?46>! 6>| 6:'; 24'< 6>'> 4>>'>

| 65'2 2>'>

8>| 62'< 26'1 64': 4>>'>

Mchbv xjdg 2> 4>:! Cafbvdc

Gbrxvdc 6

Kvdgh Gdxamgdc dvxq 42'> 25'< 6:'; 4>>'>

Hbomlvdxal dvxq >80 \mrxj Imvbdg \rvubq *\bmrc0 Bd|x D|ad Ag|xaxrxb# 6>>8!'

4>' Xja| hmb| gmx obdg xjdx xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ~bvlb~xamg me Gmvxj Imvbd jd| lmo~cbxbcq xrvgbh evmo jm|xacaxq xm evabgh|ja~'

Dllmvhagk xm Iao Xdb/jqrg ag \mrxj Imvbdg ^bvlb~xamg| dgh ^mcalab| mg Gmvxj Imvbd#Emvbakg ^mcalab| dgh Gdxamgdc Agxbkvdxamg

*\rgkgdo0 \b`mgk Ag|xaxrxb# 411:!# ~bvlb~xamg| ag \mrxj Imvbd aglcrhb hrdca|o# {axj fmxj jm|xacaxq dgh doadfacaxq lmbza|xagk'

44' Mg xjb kbgbvdxamgdc ~mcaxal| dgh ahbmcmkaldc lmgecalx| me \mrxj Imvbd# |bb Cbb Gdb/qmrgk# Kbgbvdxamg dgh ^mcaxaldc Ahbmcmkq#\d|dgk*Edcc 6>>6!'

*G?;6


9/14 \MRXJ IMVBD DGH XJB R'\'/VMI DCCADGLB ;

xjvbdx' \blmgh# fbldr|b xjb qmrgkbv kbgbvdxamg lmg/

|xaxrxb| xjb cdvkb|x ~vm~mvxamg me Imvbd| Agxbvgbx r|/

bv| dgh fbldr|b Imvbd| Agxbvgbx obhad xbgh xm jdub

d ~vmkvb||aub mvabgxdxamg# xjb qmrgkbv kbgbvdxamg xbgh|

xm jdvfmv vbcdxaubcq |xvmgk dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx|'

Eagdccq# ^vb|ahbgx Vmj Omm/jqrg# {jm ldccbh emv dg

btrdc ~dvxgbv|ja~ ag Imvbd/R'\' vbcdxamg| hrvagk ja|hvdodxal ~vb|ahbgxadc ldo~dakg dgh {jm vblbaubh

hmoagdgx |r~~mvx evmo qmrgk ~bm~cb# odq jdub er/

bcbh dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx| domgk xjb qmrgkbv

kbgbvdxamg'46

Haeebvagk Uab{|

D ibq bcbobgx me odagxdagagk |xvmgk dccadglb a| xjdx

dccab| |jmrch jdub d |aoacdv cbubc me xjvbdx ~bvlb~xamg|

vbkdvhagk xjbav lmoomg bgboab|'4< \mob bz~bvx| dv/

krb xjdx ~bvlb~xamg| me Gmvxj Imvbd ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|

dgh ag \mrxj Imvbd jdub hvaexbh d~dvx |rf|xdgxadccqhrvagk xjb ~d|x eb{ qbdv| dgh xjdx xja| hvaex jd| fb/

lmob d kvbdxbv ljdccbgkb xm xjb R'\'/VMI dccadglb'48

^bvlb~xamg me Gmvxj Imvbdg Xjvbdx

Xjb kd~ fbx{bbg xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| dgh \mrxj Imvbd

ag xjb ~bvlb~xamg| me xjvbdx| ldg fb dgdcqpbh dx x{m

cbubc|0 xjb kmubvgobgx cbubc dgh xjb ~rfcal cbubc' Dx

xjb kmubvgobgx cbubc# xjb ~bvlb~xamg| me xjb ~vb|a/

hbgx dgh jakj/vdgiagk meealadc| ag ljdvkb me |blrvaxq

~mcalqodiagk dvb lvaxaldc' Xjbvb a| gm hmrfx xjdx xjb

~bvlb~xamg me xjb x{m kmubvgobgx|\mrxj Imvbd dghxjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|dfmrx Gmvxj Imvbd jd| fbbg ha/

ubvkbgx ag vblbgx qbdv|# dgh xja| ~bvlb~xamg kd~ jd|

fbbg xjb odag |mrvlb me xbg|amg dgh vaex ag xjb R'\'/

VMI dccadglb' Ag edlx# haeebvbgx d~~vmdljb| evmo \bmrc

dgh [d|jagkxmg lmglbvgagk xjb Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv

dvo| ~vmkvdo |bbo xm vb|rcx evmo xjbav |jdv~cq hae/

ebvagk ~bvlb~xamg| dfmrx Gmvxj Imvbd' vb|ahbgx Vmj

vbkdvh| Gmvxj Imvbd d| d ~dvxgbv ag gbkmxadxamg| vdxjbv

xjdg dg dhubv|dvq' Ja| uab{ a| ag |jdv~ lmgxvd|x {axj

xjdx me ^vb|ahbgx Kbmvkb [' Fr|j# {jm jd| fvdghbh

Gmvxj Imvbd d| ~dvx me dg dza| me buac'

Xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ~rfcal| ~bvlb~xamg me xjb xjvbdx

~m|bh fq Gmvxj Imvbd jd| ljdgkbh |akgaealdgxcq hrv/

agk xjb ~d|x hbldhb' Ax a| dvkrbh xjdx xjb \rg|jagb

^mcalq ~rv|rbh fq xjb Iao Hdb/`rgk dhoaga|xvdxamg

haoaga|jbh xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ebdv me Gmvxj Imvbd'

[axj xjb ao~cbobgxdxamg me xjb \rg|jagb ^mcalq# xjb

~rfcal cm|x ax| bdvcabv ~bv|~blxaub mg |blrvaxq a||rb|

{axj Gmvxj Imvbd dgh# d| d vb|rcx# ~rfcal |r~~mvx emv

xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb d| d hbxbvvbgx dkdag|x Gmvxj

Imvbd jd| {bdibgbh' Omvbmubv# xjb agxbv/Imvbdg |ro/

oax jbch mg 42 @rgb 6>>> lcbdvcq jdh d hbb~ bom/

xamgdc dgh ~|qljmcmkaldc ao~dlx mg \mrxj Imvbdguab{| me Gmvxj Imvbd' Xjbvb jd| fbbg ~rfcal br~jm/

vad mubv d xjd{agk me xjb agxbv/Imvbdg vbcdxamg|ja~ |aglb

xjb |rooax'42

Ljdgkagk ~bvlb~xamg| me xjb xjvbdx ~m|bh fq xjb Gmvxj

lmofagbh {axj aglvbd|agk gdxamgdc |bce/lmgeahbglb ag

\mrxj Imvbd jd| xjbvbemvb lvbdxbh d gdxamgdca|xal dgh

m~xaoa|xal bz~blxdxamg dfmrx vd~~vmljbobgx dgh lm/

m~bvdxamg fbx{bbg xjb x{m Imvbd|' D| d vb|rcx# |mob

\mrxj Imvbdg| jdub d gdaub uab{ xjdx Gmvxj Imvbd

{mrch gbubv r|b grlcbdv {bd~mg| dkdag|x ax| \mrxj

Imvbdg lmo~dxvamx dgh# xjr|# xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| a| dfakkbv xjvbdx xm \mrxj Imvbd xjdg a| Gmvxj Imvbd'

Vblbgxcq# jm{bubv# lvaxaldc uab{| me xjb \rg|jagb

^mcalq jdub aglvbd|bh domgk odgq Imvbdg|' Gmx

orlj ~vmkvb|| jd| fbbg mf|bvubh ag agxbv/Imvbdg

46' Fbldr|b me xjb vd~~vmljbobgx fbx{bbg \bmrc dgh qmgkqdgk# odgq \mrxj Imvbdg|# b|~bladccq domgk xjb qmrgkbv kbgbvdxamg# gm

cmgkbv ~bvlbaub xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| d| xjb ~dxvmg me |blrvaxq9 xjbq gm{ ~bvlbaub xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| d| dg ao~bhaobgx xm xjb vd~~vmljb/

obgx fbx{bbg \bmrc dgh ^qmgkqdgk'

4>8!# 44689 \lmxx \gqhbv#

Dccadglb dgh Dcabgdxamg0 Odgdkagk Haoaga|jbh Bz~blxdxamg| emv R'\'/VMI Vbcdxamg|# Lmo~dvdxaub Lmggblxamg| *Jmgmcrcr0

^dlaeal Emvro L\A\# Drkr|x 6>>8!# {{{'l|a|'mvk-~dlemv-dggrdc-6>>8dggrdc'jxoc'

42' Iao Fqrgk/immi# Xjb R'\'/\mrxj Imvbdg Dccadglb0 Dgxa/Dobvaldg Ljdccbgkb#@mrvgdc me Bd|x D|adg \xrhab|


10/14: XJB IMVBD BLMGMOAL AG\XAXRXB

vbcdxamg| hb|~axb blmgmoal dgh jrodgaxdvadg dah xm

xjb Gmvxj fq xjb \mrxj Imvbdg kmubvgobgx dgh udva/

mr| gmgkmubvgobgxdc mvkdgapdxamg|' Omvbmubv# xjb

vbgb{dc me xjb grlcbdv dvo| ~vmkvdo fq Gmvxj Imvbd

|aglb 6>>6 jd| lvbdxbh d |bg|b me fbxvdqdc dkdag|x xjb

Gmvxj domgk \mrxj Imvbdg|' D| dgxa/Dobvaldga|o

jd| ecrlxrdxbh |rf|xdgxadccq ag xjb cd|x xjvbb qbdv|# {bldg bz~blx xjdx xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ~rfcal| ~bvlb~xamg

me Gmvxj Imvbd odq dc|m ljdgkb |akgaealdgxcq'

Xjb @rcq 6>>8 |rvubq vb|rcx| |jm{ xjb lrvvbgx ~bv/

lb~xamg me xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ~rfcal dfmrx Gmvxj Im/

vbd' Xm xjb trb|xamg# Hm qmr xjagi Gmvxj Imvbd jd|

grlcbdv {bd~mg|= ;2 ~bvlbgx me xjb \mrxj Imvbdg

~rfcal dg|{bvbh qb|# dgh xjb vbodagagk 62 ~bvlbgx

dg|{bvbh gm' Ag dhhaxamg# d| |jm{g ag Eakrvb 2# ::

~bvlbgx me xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ~rfcal {mrch ebbc xjvbdx/

bgbh xm |mob hbkvbb ae Gmvxj Imvbd jdh grlcbdv {bd~/

mg|' Xja| |rvubq vb|rcx aghaldxb| xjdx xjb \mrxj Im/vbdg ~rfcal ebbc| d jakj cbubc me xjvbdx dfmrx xjb Gmvxj

Imvbdg grlcbdv ~vmkvdo'

Eakrvb 5|jm{| xjdx fmxj xjb \mrxj Imvbdg dgh xjb

R'\' ~rfcal| |jdvb lmoomg xjvbdx ~bvlb~xamg|' Ag/

xbvgdxamgdc xbvvmva|o dgh xjb Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv

~vmkvdo dvb |bcblxbh d| x{m od`mv lvaxaldc xjvbdx| xm

xjb gdxamgdc agxbvb|x| me fmxj lmrgxvab| ag xjb gbzx 4>

qbdv|'45 Dcxjmrkj xjb cbubc me xjvbdx ~bvlb~xamg| dfmrx

xbvvmva|o dgh xjb Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv ~vmkvdo a|jakjbv domgk xjb R'\' ~rfcal xjdg domgk Imvbdg|#

xjbvb a| gm trb|xamg xjdx \mrxj Imvbdg| dgh Dobva/

ldg| |jdvb xjvbdx ~bvlb~xamg| dfmrx xbvvmva|o dgh xjb

Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv ~vmkvdo' Ax a| agxbvb|xagk# jm{/

bubv# xjdx 2> ~bvlbgx me xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal vbkdvh|

R'\' rgacdxbvdca|o d| d lvaxaldc xjvbdx xm xjb gdxamgdc

agxbvb|x me \mrxj Imvbd' Xja| vb|rcx aghaldxb| xjdx odgq

Imvbdg| dvb lmglbvgbh xjdx R'\' rgacdxbvdc oacaxdvq

dlxamg dkdag|x Gmvxj Imvbd oakjx cbdh xm d od`mv oaca/

xdvq lmgecalx mg xjb Imvbdg ~bgag|rcd' Ax a| dc|m gm/

xdfcb xjdx xjb ~bvlbgxdkb me \mrxj Imvbdg| uab{agk

xjb hbubcm~obgx me Ljagd d| d {mvch ~m{bv d| d lvaxa/ldc xjvbdx a| jakjbv *85 ~bvlbgx! xjdg xjb ~bvlbgxdkb

domgk xjb ~rfcal ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| *



Hbebg|b Hmgdch Vro|ebch dggmrglbh ag 6>>< xjdxR'\' emvlb| {mrch fb ~rccbh fdli evmo xjb hboacaxd/

vapbh pmgb dgh xjdx xjb mubvdcc |apb me R\EI {mrch fb

vbhrlbh ag xjb gbdv erxrvb' \rlj dg dggmrglbobgx

xvakkbvbh |r|~alamg dgh vblvaoagdxamg| domgk xjb

Imvbdg ~rfcal# hauahagk Imvbdg |mlabxq dgh cbdhagk

|mob lmg|bvudxaub dgdcq|x| xm lmglcrhb xjdx xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb| {d| omuagk xm{dvh {axjhvd{dc me ax| hbebg|b

lmooaxobgx xm \mrxj Imvbd'4: Xja| lmg|bvudxaub kvmr~

fbcabub| xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| gm cmgkbv xdib| Imvbdg |b/

lrvaxq |bvamr|cq dgh xjdx R'\' emvlb| ldg cbdub dx {acc#

{jalj {mrch jdub d hbud|xdxagk ao~dlx mg \mrxj

Imvbd'

Vblbgx |rvubq vb|rcx| aghaldxb xjdx# bubg xjmrkj xjbvb

jd| fbbg d |akg me hblvbd|agk lmooaxobgx me [d|j/

agkxmg xm \mrxj Imvbd# xja| ~mcalq |xdglb a| gmx |r~/

~mvxbh fq ~rfcal m~agamg ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|'Eakrvb

;|jm{| xjdx fmxj m~agamg cbdhbv| *;4 ~bvlbgx! dgh

xjb ~rfcal *56 ~bvlbgx! ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| vbkdvh

\mrxj Imvbd d| xjb om|x lmg|a|xbgxcq ao~mvxdgx ~cdlbxm hb~cmq R'\' emvlb|# {axj Kbvodgq dgh @d~dg fb/

jagh' Ag edlx# Dobvaldg| budcrdxb Imvbd d| jduagk omvb

|xvdxbkal udcrb dgh ao~mvxdglb xm cmgk/xbvo gdxamgdc

agxbvb|x| xjdg Dekjdga|xdg dgh Avdt' Xjb|b |rvubq vb/

|rcx| aghaldxb xjdx om|x Dobvaldg| |r~~mvx xjb R'\'

hbebg|b lmooaxobgx xm \mrxj Imvbd dgh oacaxdvq ag/

xbvubgxamg xm lm~b {axj Gmvxj Imvbd| grlcbdv ~vm/

kvdo' Dllmvhagk xm xjb |dob |rvubq# d od`mvaxq me

Imvbdg| *:1 ~bvlbgx! bz~blx aoobhadxb dgh |rf|xdg/

xadc R'\' oacaxdvq agxbvubgxamg ag xjb bubgx me dg dxxdli

evmo xjb Gmvxj9 xja| vbecblx| jm{ lmgeahbgx xjb Im/

vbdg ~bm~cb dvb ag xjb R'\' lmooaxobgx xm \mrxjImvbdg |blrvaxq'

Ag |jmvx# d||ro~xamg| vmmxbh ag xjb |m/ldccbh lva|a| ag

xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb dvb gmx lmo~bccagk fbldr|b

4:' Ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|# lmg|bvudxaub m~agamg cbdhbv| jdub lmgxvafrxbh xm xja| uab{~magx fq lcdaoagk xjdx R'\' xvmm~| gbbh gmx

vbodag ag Imvbd ae xjbq dvb rg{dgxbh9 |bb [accado \deavb# G' Imvbd0 Ljagd| Ljach#Gb{ Qmvi Xaob|# 65 Hblbofbv 6>>89 Hmrk

Fdghm{# Fvagk xjb Xvmm~| Jmob0 Bghagk xjb Mf|mcbxb Imvbdg Lmooaxobgx# ^mcalq Dgdcq|a| gm' 8;8 *[d|jagkxmg# H'L'0 Ldxm

Ag|xaxrxb# Odq 6>>


12/144> XJB IMVBD BLMGMOAL AG\XAXRXB

|rvubq vb|rcx| aghaldxb xjdx dgxa/Dobvaldg |bgxaobgx|

jdub gmx ldr|bh d |bubvb dgxa/Imvbdg fdlicd|j' Erv/

xjbvomvb# xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal dgh Imvbdg m~agamg cbdh/

bv| vbkdvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| d| xjb om|x udcrdfcb gd/

xamg {axj {jalj xm odagxdag lmm~bvdxaub xab|'

Haeebvagk Uab{| me Hbxbvvbglb \xvdxbkq

Dcxjmrkj fmxj xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal dgh xjb R'\' ~rfcal

|jdvb lmoomg xjvbdx ~bvlb~xamg| me Gmvxj Imvbd#

xjbq bzjafax lcbdv haeebvbglb| ag jm{ xm vb|mcub xjb

Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv ~vmkvdo' D| |jm{g agEakrvb

:# xjb od`mvaxq me xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal d| {bcc d| Imvbdg

m~agamg cbdhbv| edumv xjb |xvdxbkq me hadcmkrb dgh gb/

kmxadxamg fbx{bbg xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| dgh Gmvxj Imvbd'

^vbebvbglb emv ha~cmodxal ~vb||rvb a| 65 ~bvlbgx dgh

|r~~mvx emv blmgmoal |dglxamg| a| 44 ~bvlbgx domgk

m~agamg cbdhbv| dgh 64 ~bvlbgx domgk xjb ~rfcal' Mgcq

d xagq ~mvxamg me m~agamg cbdhbv| *8 ~bvlbgx! dgh xjbkbgbvdc ~rfcal *< ~bvlbgx! dhumldxb oacaxdvq dlxamg

dkdag|x Gmvxj Imvbd xm vb|mcub xjb grlcbdv lva|a|#

{jalj aghaldxb| xjdx Imvbdg| ~vbebv ha~cmodxal obxj/

mh| xm oacaxdvq obdg| emv hbdcagk {axj Gmvxj Imvbd|

grlcbdv hbubcm~obgx ~vmkvdo'

me xjb Imvbdg dgh xjb R'\' ~rfcal| vbkdvhagk {jbg

lmrgxvab| ldg km xm {dv' Omvb xjdg jdce *2< ~bvlbgx!

me Dobvaldg| xjagi xjdx lmrgxvab| ldg km xm {dv {jbg

xjbvb a| dg aooagbgx hdgkbv me fbagk dxxdlibh fq xjb

mxjbv lmrgxvq# {jacb mgcq 65 ~bvlbgx me Imvbdg| |r~/

~mvx kmagk {dv ag xjb |dob |axrdxamg' Ae dg bgboq

lmrgxvq a| dltravagk [OH# 4; ~bvlbgx me Dobvaldg||r~~mvx kmagk xm {dv# frx mgcq 4> ~bvlbgx me Imvbdg|

|r~~mvx {dv ag xjb |dob |axrdxamg' Omvbmubv# ~bv/

lbgx me Imvbdg| xjagi xjdx {dv |jmrch fb dumahbh ag

dgq |axrdxamg# frx mgcq 8 ~bvlbgx me Dobvaldg| xjagi

|m'

Xjb R'\' ~rfcal# ag lmgxvd|x# a| vbdhq xm |r~~mvx oaca/

xdvq dlxamg d| d |xvdxbkq xm hbxbv xjb Gmvxj Imvbdg

grlcbdv ~vmkvdo'Eakrvb 1 aghaldxb| haeebvagk dxxaxrhb|

Ag |jmvx# xjb R'\' ~rfcal a| omvb ebdverc me agxbvgd/

xamgdc xbvvmva|o dgh xjb Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv ~vm/

kvdo xjdg a| xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal' Ag dhhaxamg# xjb R'\'

~rfcal edumv| d omvb dlxaub dgh dkkvb||aub vb|~mg|b

xm agxbvgdxamgdc xbvvmva|o dgh Gmvxj Imvbdg hbubcm~/

obgx me [OH xjdg hmb| \mrxj Imvbd' Xjb odag vbd/

|mg {jq xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal edumv| gbkmxadxamg dgh had/

cmkrb d| d vb|mcrxamg |xvdxbkq ua|//ua| Gmvxj Imvbd

dgh ax| grlcbdv ~vmkvdo a| xjdx oacaxdvq dlxamg dkdag|x

Gmvxj Imvbd oakjx cbdh xm {ahb|~vbdh oacaxdvq lmg/

ecalx mv {dv mg xjb Imvbdg ~bgag|rcd dgh {mrch fb

ha|d|xvmr| xm \mrxj Imvbd' Jbglb# xjb \mrxj Imvbdg

kmubvgobgx fbcabub| ax a| fb|x xm dumah ~vmumiagk xjb

Gmvxj Imvbdg vbkaob'



Lmglcrhagk Vbodvi|

Xjb vblbgx {dub me dgxa/Dobvaldga|o ag \mrxj Imvbd

jd| fbbg vbkdvhbh d| lvbdxagk lcbdudkb dgh xbg|amg ag

xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' B|~bladccq domgk lmg|bvud/

xaub od|| obhad ag fmxj \mrxj Imvbd dgh xjb Rgaxbh

\xdxb|# xjbvb jdub fbbg lcdao| xjdx va|agk dgxa/Dobva/ldga|o {mrch fvagk dfmrx dg dgxa/Dobvaldg fdlicd|j

domgk R'\' hbla|amg odibv| d| {bcc d| xjb ~rfcal'

Hrvagk xjb ~d|x xjvbb qbdv|# jm{bubv# xjb ~rfcal dxxa/

xrhb ag \mrxj Imvbd xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| jd|

|jaexbh vd~ahcq xm{dvh vblmkgapagk xjb cbkaxaodlq me

xjb VMI/R'\' dccadglb' Ag dhhaxamg# xjb kd~ fbx{bbg

xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal dgh xjb R'\' ~rfcal ag xjbav ~bvlb~/

xamg| me xjb xjvbdx| me agxbvgdxamgdc xbvvmva|o dgh xjb

Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv dvo| ~vmkvdo a| gmx d| {ahb d|

~vbuamr|cq xjmrkjx' Caib xjb ~rfcal ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|#

xjb \mrxj Imvbdg| ebbc xjvbdxbgbh fq xjb ~m||afacaxqxjdx Gmvxj Imvbd oakjx ~m||b|| grlcbdv {bd~mg|'

Ax {mrch fb d oa|xdib# jm{bubv# xm lmglcrhb xjdx xjb

lva|a| ag xjb dccadglb jd| fbbg vb|mcubh lmo~cbxbcq'

Evdkobgxbh ~rfcal m~agamg domgk xjb \mrxj Imvbdg

~rfcal xm{dvh xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb| dgh Gmvxj Imvbd

|jmrch fb xdibg agxm dllmrgx |bvamr|cq' Ae ~mcdvapdxamg

mg |blrvaxq a||rb| a| cbex rgvb|mcubh# kbgbvdxamgdc dgh

ahbmcmkaldc lmgecalx dvmrgh xjb|b |blrvaxq a||rb| a|

caibcq xm ~cdkrb \mrxj Imvbd dgh odq bubg ao~bhb

beemvx| xm{dvh dg beeblxaub Gmvxj Imvbdg ~mcalq dgh

VMI/R'\' dccadglb'41

Xjb vblbgx xvbgh me ~rfcal m~agamg aghaldxb| xjdx xjb

odag |mrvlb me ea||rvb| dgh vaex| ag xjb VMI/R'\'

dccadglb a| xjb haubvkagk ~bvlb~xamg| dgh ~mcalq |xdglb|

me xjb x{m kmubvgobgx| xm{dvh Gmvxj Imvbd' Dc/

xjmrkj xjb \mrxj Imvbdg ~rfcal |jm{| ax| |r~~mvx

emv xjb R'\'/VMI dccadglb xm hbxbv Gmvxj Imvbdg

xjvbdx|# xjb ~mcalq |xdglb me xjb lrvvbgx Imvbdg kmu/

bvgobgx hmb| gmx |bbo xm dhbtrdxbcq vb~vb|bgx xja|

~mcalq ~vbebvbglb me xjb Imvbdg ~rfcal' Xjbvb a| d

lcbdv kd~ fbx{bbg xjb ~mcalq havblxamg me xjb \mrxj

Imvbdg kmubvgobgx dgh xjb xvbgh me ~rfcal m~agamg' D|aoacdv kd~ fbx{bbg xjb kmubvgobgx dgh ~rfcal m~ag/

amg ldg fb mf|bvubh ag xjb Rgaxbh \xdxb|' Dllmvhagk

xm xjb 6>>8 |rvubq fq xjb Ljaldkm Lmrglac mg Emv/

bakg Vbcdxamg|# fmxj xjb R'\' ~rfcal dgh m~agamg cbdh/

bv| edumv d orcxacdxbvdc d~~vmdlj ag hbdcagk {axj agxbv/

gdxamgdc xbvvmva|o dgh xjb Avdt a||rb9 xjbvbemvb# xjbvb

a| d lcbdv kd~ fbx{bbg xjb Fr|j dhoaga|xvdxamg| ~mcalq

|xdglb dgh xjb ~mcalq ~vbebvbglb me xjb R'\' ~rfcal'6>

Lrvvbgxcq# xjb ~bdlb dgh |blrvaxq me xjb Imvbdg ~bg/

ag|rcd |bbo| xm fb ag kvbdx hdgkbv' Bubg xjmrkj Gmvxj

Imvbd jd| vbxrvgbh xm xjb |az/~dvxq xdci|# ax a| |xacc

rglbvxdag xjdx xjb Gmvxj {acc bubgxrdccq dkvbb xm ha|/

odgxcb ax| grlcbdv {bd~mg| ~vmkvdo' Ae ^qmgkqdgk

lmgxagrb| xm ~cdq ax| hdgkbvmr| grlcbdv ldvh# r|agk

fvagiodg|ja~ d| d |xvdxbkq emv vbkaob |rvuaudc# xjb

Fr|j dhoaga|xvdxamg |jmrch lmg|ahbv mxjbv ~mcalq

obd|rvb| xm hbxbv xjb Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv {bd~mg|

~vmkvdo' Xm vb|mcub xjb Gmvxj Imvbdg grlcbdv xjvbdx#

\bmrc dgh [d|jagkxmg or|x mubvlmob xjb lrvvbgx |xdxbme xjb |xvdagbh dccadglb dgh |mcahaeq xjbav xab| me xjb

~d|x 2> qbdv|' Xm hm |m# [d|jagkxmg dgh \bmrc |jmrch

lmm~bvdxb lcm|bcq ag mvhbv xm lvbdxb d gb{ lmoomg

ua|amg dgh ~vb~dvb d vmdh od~ xm vbuaxdcapb xjb R'\'/

VMI dccadglb'

Hv' Cbb a| dg d||mladxb ~vmeb||mv dx xjb Hb~dvxobgx me

^mcaxaldc \labglb# Imvbd Rgaubv|axq' Dg bdvcq ubv|amg

me xja| ~d~bv {d| ~vb|bgxbh ag dx xjb agxbvgdxamgdc

lmgebvbglb# Dobvald ag Trb|xamg0 Imvbdg Hboml/

vdlq dgh xjb Ljdccbgkb me Gmg/^vmcaebvdxamg mg xjb^bgag|rcd# mvkdgapbh fq xjb Bd|x D|ad Ag|xaxrxb dgh

Car Ag|xaxrxb emv Kcmfdc A||rb|# 4>44 Odq 6>>2# ag

\bmrc'

41' \akg| me |rlj lmgecalx jdub dcvbdhq d~~bdvbh ag Imvbdg |mlabxq' Fmxj lmg|bvudxaub| dgh ~vmkvb||aub| evbtrbgxcq jmch hbomg|xvd/

xamg| xm |jm{ mee xjbav ~mcaxaldc ~vm{b||'

6>' Kcmfdc Uab{| 6>>80 Dobvaldg ^rfcal M~agamg dgh Emvbakg ^mcalq# ;4>'


14/14

XjbImvbdBlmgmoalAg|xaxrxb

46>4E\xvbbx#G[#\raxb14>

[d|jagkxmg#H'L'6>>>8

^VB\MVXBH\XDGHDVH

R'\'^M\XDKB

^DAH

^BVOAX,

Documents

Public Opinion about ROK-U.S. Relations by Nae-young Lee