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PublicHealthConcernsRelatedtotheAvailabilityandUseofMarijuana

LeelanauCountySubstanceAbusePreventionCoalition

PublicHealthconcernsregardingmarijuanausearefocusedonhealth,safety,

andthefactorsthatsupportthesuccessandwell-beingofourchildren,grandchildrenandfriendsofallages.

ThisinfographicisdesignedtobringtolightmanyofthesePublicHealthconcerns.

THC(Tetrahydrocannabinol)isthepsychoactiveingredientinmarijuana.

Marijuanauseislinkedtosubsequentopiateandheroinuse.“Cannabisuse,evenamongadultswithmoderatetoseverepain,wasassociatedwithasubstantiallyincreasedriskofnon-medicalprescriptionopioiduse…”Source:TheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry(2017)

%THCLevels %CBDLevels

Net%THCLevels

Then–Leaf 1.5–2.5% 1.0–1.5% 0.5-1.5%

Current–Leaf 15.0–25.0% 0–0.5% 15.0–24.5%

Edibles 40–55+% 0.0% 40–55+%Oils(THC) 80–90+% 0.0% 80–90+%

TODAY’SMARIJUANAisnotthesameasinthe1970’sand80’s(“then”).Whenwehearitsaidthatmarijuanais‘natural’–notanymore.Today’s(“current”)THCtoxicityhasanimpactthatcanbesurprising–relatingtohealtheffects.

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IncreasedAvailability=IncreasedAccessbyYouth=

IncreasedUsebyYouth

LeelanauCountyMedicalMarijuanaCardHolders

2016Population

#MarijuanaPatients

#Caregivers

Rateofcardholdersper1,000residents

%changeofcardholderssince2012

21,765 411 71 18.9 47%*MM=MedicalMarijuanaCardHoldersSources:StateofMichiganLARAandMiPHYStudentSurvey

4.32%

4.95% 5.20% 5.20% 5.35% 5.38% 5.59%

7.33% 7.93% 8.07%

8.65% 8.68%

9.08% 9.70% 9.77%

10.43%

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12

UtahMississippiOklahomaAlabamaVirginia

IowaArkansasCalifornia

WashingtonDistrictofColumbia

NevadaMassachusetts

ColoradoMaineOregonAlaska

Past30DayUseofMarijuanafor12and17yearoldsbyStateswithandwithoutmarijuanalegalizationlaws

(2016)

Althoughtheuseofmarijuanaisillegalforyouth,researchshowsthatyouthuseratesgoupasavailabilityandaccessincrease.ThisisconsistentacrosstheStates,asthosewithlegalizationormedicalmarijuanalawshavethehighestyouthuserates.

StatesthathavelegalizedmarijuanaforrecreationaluseStatesthatdoNOThavemedicalorrecreationalmarijuanaSource:SAMHSA.gov

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Weeklyusebyadolescentsisassociatedwithimpairedlearning,memory,mathandreading,aswellasfailuretograduatefromhighschool.Perspective:MichiganAssociationforLocalPublicHealth

ANewZealandstudyshowedthat“peoplewhostartedsmokingmarijuanaheavilyintheirteens…lostuptoeightIQpointsbetweentheagesof13and38.”Theselostmentalabilitiesfailedtoreturntoeventhosewhoquitusing…intheiradultyears.Source:SafeguardMichigan’sFuture:ProsecutingAttorney’sAssociationofMichigan

MENTALHEALTHCONCERNSSeveralstudieshavelinkedmarijuanausetoincreasedriskformentalillnesses,includingpsychosis(Schizophrenia),depressionandanxiety.Source:NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse

Thesesymptomsareworsewithhigher(THC)doses.Source:MedicalandRecreationalMarijuanafromaPublicHealthPerspective:MichiganAssociationforLocalPublicHealth,et.al.

Potuseisstronglycorrelatedwithpsychosis

USE&ImpairedLearning

IQLOSSOF

8POINTS

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2012–2016TrafficCrashDataTrendsYear Total

CrashesFatal

CrashesInjuryCrashes

Fatalities Injuries

2012 76 70 5 78 612013 78 70 6 86 712014 91 77 9 87 872015 102 97 2 109 832016 160 138 15 159 172

Pre-andPostNatalExposure• BiologicalevidenceshowsthatTHCcanpassthroughtheplacentaas

wellasthroughthebreastmilk.• Marijuanausemaybeassociatedwithanincreasedriskofheart

defectsorstillbirth.• Strongerevidencehighlightstheeffectsseenmonthsoryearsafterthe

birthifthechild’smotherusedduringgestation.Someeffectsincludedecreasedgrowth,impairedcognitivefunction,decreasedacademicabilityandincreaseddepressionsymptoms.Source:MedicalandRecreationalMarijuanafromaPublicHealthPerspective:MichiganAssociationforLocalPublicHealth,et.al.

MarijuanaRelatedFatalCarCrashesIncrease211%inMichiganfrom2012-2016

MichiganStatePolice(MSP)DriversTestedPositiveforCannabinoidDrugs(Delta9,HashishOil,Hashish,Marijuana/Marihuana,Marinol,Tetrahydrocannabinois,THC,orCannabinoid,typeunknown)

SecondHandSmokeAfterjustoneminuteofexposuretosecond-handsmoke–ArteryRecoveryTime:

TOBACCOSMOKE:30minutes

MARIJUANASMOKE:90minutesSource:JournalofAmericanHealthAssociation:July2016

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IncomeforMunicipalities?!?Thecostofhavingamarijuanabusinessgoesbeyondwhatisreceivedintaxes.Thecostofamarijuanabusinessalsoincludestheharmcausedtothecommunity.Examplesinclude;fatalvehiclecrashes,emergencydepartmentandotherhealthcareservices,localemployercosts,aswellasfamilyproblemsandothercoststhatoccuraroundaddictionandmentalhealth illness.Basically,community leadersalsoconsiderthecostsaroundtheHealth,SafetyandVitalityofthefamiliesandbusinessesintherespectivecommunities.Ourexperiencewiththealcoholandtobaccoindustriesshowusthat;forevery$1collectedintaxes,coststothecommunityareapproximately$10.

BusinessExperiences:

“TheMichiganChamberofCommerceopposesthelegalizationofmarijuanaasitwouldthreatentheabilityofemployerstomaintainasafe…workplace.”Source:www.michamber.com