Public Faucets in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ahmet Hadrović, PhD

Faculty of Architecture University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract In the life of the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina waters beyond the purely existential necessity. It is seen and treated as the most important God's gift to people and creatures, as the basis of life on which all verticals that define man. Aware of the fact that huge man is grateful to God for his generosity, and places where it seems particularly marked and treated as sacred places (pilgrimage sites). In Bosnia and Herzegovina is a lot of these places. Some places (shown in this paper) is rich with running water, while in other places (mostly on mountain slopes above the village) perform the prayer ("God sent supplications") that "God came down rain." Public fountains, especially as a functional and aesthetically arranged the meeting of man and the way water is especially important symbol of Bosnia and Herzegovina, through which one can read many dimensions of human personality and its collectivities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fountain encountered here in the open air (in the woods, mountain slopes, fields and fields ...), on the streets and squares of cities and villages, in courtyards of mosques and schools in the inner courtyards of individual home complex. It should be noted that for many people to such an extent built relationship with water as the basis of life that are simply racing to raise public fountain (hair) that will be of service to as many people. After the war (1992-1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina has raised a number of new drinking fountains in area of Sarajevo, and later in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Arrangements some of the fountains (not for its price but the immediacy of their intentions and messages) are both deeply personal and timeless, as highlight the best of the human essence. The author is in the last ten years has traveled throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, personally "met the water" in its various forms and "symbiotic relationship with a man." Presentation of their experience and perception of water through this paper, the author remained in a conviction that Bosnia and Herzegovina and its people on their way the most sublimated essence that can not be undone even wars. Keywords: God, water, life, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1. HOLY PLACES ("pilgrimage sites")

In Bosnia, the Bosnians, living tradition of the cult of the water. This cult is manifested through ritual dova) in the . in , ). prayers ) came down ." mountain peaks, ). : good people" dervishes) in Blagaj , , Fig. 7.. , showering" , , sick" Bjeljevine , ). good people" dervishes), Dobre vode , ). prayers (open airSometimes the cult is manifested through the form of an extremely massive prayer that people would like to thank God for the gift of great leads (Ajvatovica PrusacFig. 2., 3.Sometime it comes to prayers (rainGod that He "to people and living things rain on the earthThese prayers are performed in an extremely attractive natural surroundings (usually near the medieval necropolisAnother way to perform prayer at the very sources of waterthe extremely generous sources raised the Tekke where "(and is often committed in particular to thank God for the gift of great leads (Tekkethe source of the Buna)Some times a person is in immediate contact with waterwhether it be "of water below the falls (as is the case with the Svetinja near BužimFig. 2., 5.), it is drink of the blazethat it touches or face washes or "a place on your body (in RudoFig. 2., 4.Sometimes it is a rich source of water associated with the legends of the "(whose righteousness has brought good to all people (near UstikolinaFig. 2., 6.

Fig. 1. Geographical location of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Fig. 2. Some of the holy places ("pilgrimage sites") in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ajvatovica (1), Bjeljevine (2), Svetinja (3), Dobre vode (4).

Fig. 3. Ajvatovica near Prusac (mass showing of respect to the cult of water along with prayers and remembering of a good man, Ajvaz-dedo)

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b) Fig. 4. Bjeljevine near Rudo (mass showing of respect to the cult of water)

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b) Fig. 5. Svetinja near Bužim (mass showing of respect to the cult of water)

a)

b)

c)

d) Fig. 6. Dobre vode near Ustikolina (mass showing of respect to the cult of water along with prayers and remembering of a good mans, Šeh-Murat (1737) and his son Šeh-Salih)

Fig. 7. Tekke in Blagaj (the source of the Buna river)

2. THE MEMORIAL FAUCETS BY THE ROADSIDE According to Islam (as a belief and a general view of the world), death is not "missing" but only "relocation" of life on Earth in the "eternal world". As water is a symbol of life, and how to raise the fountain is one of the noblest works of man can do "in this world," raising the fountain in memory of those individuals who gave their lives to defend their honor and the reach the level of freedom of himself and the people who belongs - is the most direct, clearest and most sincere expression of respect for their sacrifice. Fountain with such purpose and symbolic messages were built in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially after the 1992-1995 war (Fig. 8., 9.).

a)

b)

c)

d) Fig. 8. Memorial faucet erected in honor of Bosnian Shahids (1992-1995) in Hrenovica near Goražde

a)

b) Fig. 9. Memorial faucet erected in honor of Bosnian Shahids (1992-1995) in Vehabi near Kakanj

2. PUBLIC FAUCETS IN THE VILLAGES

Public Faucets in the villages had a fundamental existential basis in the villages. In fact, the village in Bosnia and Herzegovina are also emerging in the immediate vicinity of the persistent sources. Public Faucets supplied water to the villages and people and their pets. However, a public fountain and a lot more than that: it is a gathering place for people (especially young people, where it usually gives rise to love), where there is "something to see and learn, and to be seen" (Fig. 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15.).

Fig. 10. Water spring, faucet and watering place for animals (Gornja voda, Hadre)

Fig. 11. Public faucet in Bukov do (Olovo)

Fig. 12. Public faucet in Lukomir (Konjic)

Fig. 13. Public faucet in Petrovići (Olovo)

Fig. 14. Public faucet in Gornji Umoljani (Bjelašnica plateau)

Fig. 15. Public faucet in Sinanovići (Bjelašnica plateau)

3. FAUCETS AS THE GOOD WORKS OF

INDIVIDUALS, AT VARIOUS

According to Islam, one of the nicest features is the God of his mercy and generosity toward people. Bosnians believe that their generosity towards others is the surest way to "draw closer to God," to be "chosen people whom God will grant good in this world and the next." Raising the drinking fountain with a steady, clean, healthy water is especially good work man. The work is all the greater if the water from the tap to use as many people. These tap-good works (hairis done with the roads (in the streets and squares of cities and villages (in the courtyards of mosques and schoolsto any place in nature and the built environmentwhere they can be the benefit of people.) Fig. 18., 19., 20., 21.), Fig. 16., 17.)

Fig. 16. Hafizadić Faucet in Jajce (1845-1846)

Fig. 17. Public Faucet in Livno

Fig. 18. Public Faucet in Pervizi (Bjelašnica Platau)

Fig. 19. Hair-česma of Hadži-Sulejmana Hošić along the road Igman-Šabići, Bjelašnica, 1975

Fig. 20. Hair-česma along the Šabići-Umoljani road (Bjelašnica plateau)

Fig. 21. Public faucet along the Ljubina-Korita road, near Sarajevo

Fig. 22. Faucet in the harem of a El Fatih mosque (1463), Kraljeva Sutjeska

Fig. 23. Faucet in the harem of mosque in Golinjevo near Tomislavgrad

CONCLUSION Water is a basic prerequisite of life. In Bosnia and Herzegovina people (as individuals and as collectivities of various types) have developed a cult led by expressing any public events (mass rallies and prayer) was an intimate, individual feelings and beliefs, which is basically every human activity-individual. Thus developed a relationship of respect toward the water will have far reaching positive effects on the conservation of water as a basic resourceAspects of water protection extends to all spheres of human life and its collectivityscience to practical action, the level of strategic planning to everyday lifeIn doing so, we are aware of the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina little "of planet Earththat all the good that this is only part overall of planetary process. , from . piece" , of . REFERENCES

a) Books:

1. Hadrović, A., Gradska kuća orijentalnog tipa u Bosni i Hercegovini, Sarajevo, Avicena, (1993, Prvo izdanje, 1995, Drugo izdanje),

2. Hadrović, A., Defining Architecrural Space on the Model of the Oriental Style City House in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Macedonia, Booksurge, LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA, 2007,

3. Hadrović, A., Bioclimatic Architecture, Searching for a Path to Heaven, Booksurge, LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA, 2008.

4. Hadrović, A., Hadre, The Evolution of Bioclimatic Architecture, Booksurge, LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA, 2009.

5. Hadrović, A., Research study on Architecture and Overview of the Architect's Experience, Sarajevo, Acta Architectonica et Urbanistica, Arhitektonski fakultet u Sarajevu, 2010.,

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b) Monographs:

1. Hadrović, A., Očevijski majdani, juče,

danas, sutra, Sarajevo, Naše starine (Godišnjak Zavoda za zaštitu kulturno-istorijskog i prirodnog nasljeđa Bosne i Hercegovine, XVIII-XIX, 1989.

2. Hadrović, A., Iz naših mahala i avlija, Sarajevo, Avicena, 1993,

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