Public Disclosure Program in ThailandPublic Disclosure Program in Thailand“Thai Environmental Truth”“Thai Environmental Truth”

Pollution Control Department, ThailandPollution Control Department, Thailand

Presentation to Public Disclosure PrograPresentation to Public Disclosure ProgrammNanjing, ChinaNanjing, ChinaJune 21-22, 2001June 21-22, 2001

Worldbank

Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation

Legal Issue for Public Disclosure The Incentive of Public Disclosure Program Public Disclosure Program “Thai Environment Truth (

TET)”

– Why water !!!

– Targeting of Polluters: Industrial Sector and Non Industrial Sector

– Design of Information System

– Design of Rating Strategy

– Design of Disclosure Strategy

– Institutional Responsibilities Conclusion

Legal IssuesLegal Issues Community Right to Know Community Right to Know

Three ActsThe 1992 National Environmental Quality A

ct The 1997 Official Information ActThe 1997 Constitution Act

The 1992 National Environmental Quality Act, SeThe 1992 National Environmental Quality Act, Section 6 (1)ction 6 (1)

To be informed and obtain information and data from the government service in matters concerning the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality, except any information or data that are officially classified as secret intelligence pertaining to national security, or secrets pertaining to the right to privacy, property rights, or the rights in trade or business of any person which are duty protected by law

The 1997 Official Information ActThe 1997 Official Information Act

“ The 1997 Official Information Act provides the public with a legal right to official government information. In general, the Act provides for types of information that may and may not be disclosed, setting out specific definitions and exceptions, and defining procedures for determining release and non-release of information through two bodies, an Official Information Board and a Tribunal to hear appeals ”

The 1997 Constitution Act, Section 58The 1997 Constitution Act, Section 58

“ A person shall have the right to get access to public information in possession of a Government agency, State agency, State enterprise or local administration, unless the disclosure of such information shall affect the security of the State, public safety or interests of other persons which shall be protected as provided by law [emphasis supplied].”

The Incentive of Public Disclosure ProgramThe Incentive of Public Disclosure Program

Situation : 1999May : Published the waste water disc

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Result : Industrial Estate

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3

wastewaterManagementAir pollution ManagementWaste Management

104224

Stone Crusher Plant Stone Crusher Plant

0

5

10

15

20

25

1999 2001

Saraburi

Chonburi

Ratchaburi

Petchaburi

Supanburi

Hotel and BuildingHotel and Building

50 percent reduction

Result Result (Continue)(Continue) hhh hhhhhhhhhhh hhhhh hhh hhhhhhh hhhhh hhhhhh

mance. The responsible government agency stren

gthen their action. Experience :

– Nonr el i abl e r esul t .– Non systematic performance.– No pollution reduction target and

strategy.– Non persistent disclose.

ObjectiveObjective

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hhhhhh hhhhhh hhhhhh hhh hhhhhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhh Est abl i sh t r anspar ency of gover nment Improve health and welfare

Public Disclosure Program: “Thai Public Disclosure Program: “Thai Environment Truth” Environment Truth”

For the Program to Be Successful and Have Impact:1) It must be credible:

It must be implemented and supervised by a group of people who can certify the validity of the results and that the people can believe.

2) It must produce reliable results:It must be based on accurate information, from primary data collection, processed with reliable information system.

3) It must be sustained over time:The program cannot be a one-shot event; it has to become a regular (or ‘official’) tool in the hands of the agency.

Why Water Pollution !!! Why Water Pollution !!!

1) Water pollution is a serious issue in Thailand, compare to the other countries

2) BOD and TSS are relatively inexpensive to monitor;

3) There is existing information about BOD and TSS.

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Water Water QualiQualityty

Coastal Quality

Thailand ranks 14th in the world in terms of emissions of organic water pollution

ChinaUnited StatesIndiaRussian fed.JapanGermanyIndonesiaBrazilUKFranceUkrainePolandItalyThailand

7, 396, 0002, 584, 8181, 664, 1501, 615, 3561, 468, 545811, 315727, 496690, 876642, 362585, 382539, 490385, 331359, 578355, 819

0.140.150.190.150.140.120.170.190.150.150.160.160.130.16

Kilograms per day Kilograms per day per worker

Among these countries, Thailand ranks 9th in terms of emissions per square kilometer

Japan

UK

Germany

Italy

Poland

France

Ukraine

China

Thailand

India

Indonesia

USA

Russian Fed.

Brazil

3 885

2 621

2 272

1 194

1 193

1 060

893

770

693

506

382

276

94

81

Kilograms per thousand sq. km

Public Disclosure: 3 Compone Public Disclosure: 3 Componentsnts

Public Disclosure Program

Hotel Industry

Other Buildings

Targeting of Polluters

IndustrialIndustrial

Using:Using:• DIW’s databaseDIW’s database• PCD’s GIS systemPCD’s GIS system• PCD’s Water quality management planPCD’s Water quality management plan• World Bank Industrial Pollution ProjectionWorld Bank Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS)System (IPPS)

We were able to estimate:We were able to estimate:

• Industrial pollution for 68 000 factories in Industrial pollution for 68 000 factories in Thailand Thailand

These results have been aggregated by:These results have been aggregated by:

• Industrial sectors;Industrial sectors;• Industrial estates vs Non-industrial estates;Industrial estates vs Non-industrial estates;• Provinces;Provinces;• Regions;Regions;• Water basins. Water basins.

Thacin24%

Maeklong17%

Choapaya45% Salawin

0%

Noi7% Pasak

4%

Khaewnoi2%

Lopburi1%

Petchaburi0%

Khaewyai0%

Sakaekrang0%

Per water basins in Central Region: BOD

Choapaya63%

Salawin0%

Maeklong5%

Thacin25%

Sakaekrang0%

Khaewyai0%

Khaewnoi1%

Petchaburi1%

Lopburi1%

Noi2%

Pasak2%

Per water basins in Central Region: TSS

Thailand %Contribution

Cumulative

BOD ISIC to total %Pulp, Paper and Paperboard 3411 32 32Industrial Chemicals except Fertilizer 3511 14 46Sugar Factories & Refineries 3118 10 56Distilled Spirits 3131 8 64Dairy Products 3112 8 72Nonferrous Metals 3720 7 79

TSSIron and Steel 3710 60 60Pulp, Paper and Paperboard 3411 9 69Jewelry and Related Articles 3901 8 77Nonferrous Metals 3720 8 85Drugs and Medicines 3522 4 89Industrial Chemicals except Fertilizer 3511 2 91

Contribution of Industrial Sectors to Water Pollution, Thailand (in order

of importance)

Result Result

Cost effective approach– Water Basin– Industrial Sector– Advantage - high pollution reduction, lowest

travel cost– Disadvantage - Political risk

11 Water Basin (BOD loading and Water quality) Noi,Maeklong,Choapaya,Thachin,Khaewnoi,Pas

ak, Pranchinburi,Bangprakong, Nan, Ping and

Songkhla

1 0 Type of Industrial, produce 1 0 Type of Industrial, producehhhhh h h h hhh hhhhhhhh h h h hhh hhh

- Pulp & paper

- Dairy products

- Sugar factories

- Distilled spirits

- Fish products

- Preserved fruit

- Oil and fat

- Industrial chemicals

- Nonferrouse metals

- Iron & steel

TargetTarget 1405 factory in 3 phase, 3 years BOD loading reduction

appoximate 60% TSS loading reduction appoximat

e 50%

Non Industrial Sector

– The Large Building classified as “Building Type A” in Bangkok, Pollution Control Areas and tourism area

• Hotel more than 200 rooms• Hospital more than 30 Beds• Residential Building more than 500

units• School/University more than 25,000 Square Meters• Office Building more than 55,000 Square Meters

• The Mall more than 25,000 Square Meters• Market more than 2 500, Square Meters• Restaurant more than 2,500 Square Meters

Targeting approximately 496 Buildings in 3 years

Design of Information System Design of Information System

Pollution Profile of Selected Polluters

Existing DataSurveys Sampling of effluents

Information System

Key Features of the Information System

1) Combines data from self-monitoring and inspections reports

2) Uses historical pollution profile of factories

3) Tests for accuracy based on correlation of pollution data with treatment system and sector and parameter

Outline of Rating Strategy

Criteria 1: Compliance with BOD and TSS standards

Criteria 2: Does the plant exercise effort to reduce its pollution (e.g. is there a treatment system in place or is there cleaner production effort)?

Criteria 3: Complaints by local communities

Criteria 4: Maintain records and submit information as required

by laws

Criteria 5: Is the plant ISO14000?

No

Is the firm complying with environmental standards?

YES NO

Is the firm significantly better than compliance?

Does the firm maintain good bookkeeping?OK

Yes

Is the firm using clean technology?

Is the firm ISO14000?

NoGOOD

Does the firm attempt to comply?

Is there pollution complaints against

the firm?

Does the firm maintain good bookkeeping?

No

VERYGOOD

Yes

No

Yes

BAD

No

Yes

No

VERY BAD

Disclosure strategy

1) What is the best way to disclose results?

Very Good

Good

Ok

Bad

Very Bad

A

B

D

C

F

oror or...

Disclosure strategy (Cont.)

1) What is the best way to disclose results?

2) What is the best media strategy?

3) What agency play important role?

4) What is the best way to establish expectation?

Internal Functions

Functions:OversightStrategyQuality assuranceRating analysisPollution reduction pact

Outsourcing

Functions:Sample collection, sample analysis, data reporting (full time job for a team of 3 to 5 people for 6 months)Disclosure strategy

PID

NEQB

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Institutional Responsibilities