Public Disclosure Authorized El 565 - World Bank · PDF fileSubstation ..... 38 12.15. Constructionphase ... 14.1. Awareness and training ..... 41 14.2. Pro forma: protection of the

A F El 565Vol. 2

Environmental Impact Assessment

MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWIINTERCONNECTIONDRAFTMalawian segment of the 400 kV power line

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Volume 2

-~ Environmental Management Plan

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Coastal & Environmental Services: Malawi Interconnector

12.4. Servitude ................................................. 3512.5. Conductors ............................................... 3512.6. Rehabilitation programme ..................................... 3612.7. Borrow pits ............................................... 3612.8. Labour and social aspects ..................................... 3712.9. Solid waste disposal ......................................... 3712.10. Sewage system ............................................ 3712.11. Bird flight diverters ......................................... 3712.12. Fencing specifications ........................................ 3712.13. Land acquisition and resettlement ................................ 3812.14. Substation ................................................ 3812.15. Constructionphase .......................................... 38

PART 4: CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 39

13. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 4114. STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................. 41

14.1. Awareness and training ....................................... 4114.2. Pro forma: protection of the environment .......................... 4114.3. Environmental incident management ............................. 4114.4. Emergency preparedness ...................................... 4214.5. Materials ................................................. 42

14.5.1. Materials handling, use and storage ............................ 4214.5.2. Hazardous substances ..................................... 42

14.6. PLANT and RELATED INFRASTRUCTURE ...................... 4314.6.1. Plant ................................................. 4314.6.2. Fuel (petrol and diesel) and oil ............................... 4314.6.3. Ablution facilities ........................................ 4414.6.4. Eating areas ............................................ 4514.6.5. Solid waste management ................................... 4514.6.6. Dust ................................................. 4614.6.7. Lights ................................................ 4614.6.8. Workshop, equipment maintenance and storage ................... 46

14.7. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ................................ 4714.7.1. Environmental awareness ................................... 4714.7.2. Site division ............................................ 4814.7.3. Site demarcation ......................................... 4814.7.4. "No go" areas ........................................... 4914.7.5. Access roads ........................................... 5014.7.6. Fire control ............................................ 5014.7.7. Emergency procedures ..................................... 5114.7.8. Stormwater controls ....................................... 5214.7.9. Access to site ........................................... 5214.7.10. Asphalt, bitumen and paving ................................ 5214.7.11. Blasting ............................................... 5314.7.12. Borrow pits and quarries ................................... 5314.7.13. Culverts ............................................... 5414.7.14. Cement and concrete batching ............................... 5414.7.15. Crane operations ......................................... 5514.7.16. Crushing .............................................. 5514.7.17. Drilling and jackhammering ................................. 5514.7.18. Earthworks ............................................. 5514.7.19. Power tools ............................................ 56

Environmental Management Plan 2

Coastal & Environmental Services

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................... 5

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................... 72. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS .................. 7

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................... 8

4. BACKGROUND TO DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLANS ......................................... 8

4.1. Environmental process to date ................................... 84.2. Environmental management plans ................................ 9

4.2.1. General background ....................................... 9

4.2.2. Design EMP ............................................ 9

4.2.3. Construction EMP ........................................ 0

5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ISSUES AND MITIGATIONMEASURES .................................................. 10

6. LAYOUT OF THIS DOCUMENT ................................... 15

7. DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS DOCUMENT .................... 16

7.1. Definitions ................................................ 16

7.2. Abbreviations ............................................. 16

PART 2: ESCOM'S RESPONSIBILITIES ............................... 19

8. ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES, LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS ..... 21

8.1. Environmental guidelines ..................................... 21

8.2. World Bank environmental policies and guidelines ................... 228.3. Legislative framework ....................................... 238.4. Environmental standards ...................................... 25

8.4.1. Exposure to electromagnetic fields ............................ 258.4.2. Electrocution ........................................... 25

8.4.3. Sewage treatment standards ................................. 25

8.4.4. Noise standards ......................................... 26

8.4.5. Solid waste disposal standards ............................... 27

8.4.6. Workplace air quality ..................................... 27

8.4.7. Dust control measures ..................................... 27

8.4.8. Other physical agents ..................................... 289. OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES ..................................... 28

9.1. Tolerances ................................................ 28

9.2. Performance objectives and targets ............................... 289.3. Reporting and review ........................................ 29

9.3.1. Continuous improvement ................................... 29

9.3.2. Auditing and review ...................................... 299.4. Monitoring ............................................... 29

9.5. Additional studies required .................................... 309.5.1. Borrow pits ............................................ 30

9.5.2. Gazetted forests ......................................... 30

PART 3: DESIGN EMP ................................ .......... 31

10. AIM OF DESIGN EMP ................................ ........ 33

11. REPORTING AND INTERACTION ................................. 3312. DESIGN CRITERIA ................................ ......... 33

12.1. All project components ................................ ..... 3312.2. Operational Support ................................ ...... 3412.3. Towers .............................................. 35

Environmental Management Plan I


14.7.20. Pumping and sumping ..................................... 5614.7.21. Retaining walls and gabions ................................. 5614.7.22. Rock breaking .......................................... 5614.7.23. Stream diversion ........................................ 5614.7.24. River crossings .......................................... 5614.7.25. Water abstraction from stream and groundwater ................... 5714.7.26. Protection of natural features ................................ 5714.7.27. Special environments ...................................... 5714.7.28. Protection of cultural remains ................................ 5814.7.29. Protection of flora and fauna ................................. 58

14.8. Method Statements .......................................... 5814.9. Temporary site closure ....................................... 6014.10. Measurement and payment .................................... 60

15. STANDARD RE-VEGETATION ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ... 6115.1. Application ............................................... 6115.2. Definitions ................................................ 6115.3. Materials for rehabilitation .................................... 61

15.3.1. Plant species ............................................ 6115.3.2. Storage capacity for plant material ............................ 62

15.4. Materials for replacement of crops ............................... 6215.5. Plant .................................................... 6215.6. Construction .............................................. 63

15.6.1. Method Statements ....................................... 6315.6.2. Vegetation clearance ...................................... 6315.6.3. Topsoil removal and stockpiling .............................. 6315.6.4. Spoil material ........................................... 6415.6.5. Preparation of ground surfaces for rehabilitation .................. 6415.6.6. Slope modification and stabilisation ........................... 6415.6.7. Timing of planting ....................................... 6515.6.8. Establishment ........................................... 6515.6.9. Responsibility for establishing an acceptable cover ................. 65

15.7. Monitoring programme ....................................... 65

PART 5: SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ................ 67

16. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 6917. POWER LINE ................................................. 6918. OPERATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................... 7019. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTATION ................................ 70

PART 6: INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ......................... 73

20. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ................... 7520.1. Managementstructure ........................................ 7520.2. Brief description of responsibilities ............................... 77

20.2.1. ESCOM team ........................................... 7720.2.2. Engineering team ........................................ 7720.2.3. Contractor's construction team ............................... 7720.2.4. Independentmonitoring team ................................ 78

20.3. Reporting guidelines ......................................... 7820.4. Specific roles and responsibilities ................................ 78

20.4.1. ESCOM's Environmental, Health, Safety and Community Manager(EHSC) ...................................................... 7820.4.2. Independent Environmental Health, Safety and Community Officer(I-EHSC) ..................................................... 79



20.4.3. Resident Engineer (RE) .................................... 7920.4.4. Environmental Site Officer (ESO) ............................ 79

20.4.5. Community liaison site officer ............................... 8021. TRAINING AND AWARENESS PROGRAMMES ....................... 80

PART 7: COSTS OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS ................. 83

PART 8: OPERATIONAL PLAN ...................................... 87



PART 1: INTRODUCTION





1. INTRODUCTION

The governments of Mozambique and Malawi would like to take advantage of the SouthAfrican Power Pool (SAPP), a body established to co-ordinate matters of regional powerintegration under the auspices of the Southern African Development Community (SADC).The Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) Limited has been experiencingproblems with the maintenance and rehabilitation of its power stations due to inadequate sparecapacity. The proposed interconnector will enable ESCOM to refurbish its hydroelectricpower stations. Secondly, the Shire River, where over 98 % of Malawi's hydropower isgenerated, is not a reliable source of electricity, as records show that the Shire River dried upbetween 1914 and 1935. The proposed interconnector will ensure a more reliable source ofelectricity should the Shire River dry up. This situation is likely to be exaceTbated by presentincreases in the demand for electricity and system losses in Malawi. Other benefits include thelikelihood of cheaper electricity and the facilitation of mining initiatives, which are currentlyhampered by the efficacy of the electricity supply.

In February 1998 a memorandum of understanding was signed by Electricidade deMo,ambique (EDM) and ESCOM to connect their respective power grids via a 400 kVtransmission line. This line would join the Matambo substation in Mozambique to theproposed Phombeya substation in Malawi, a distance of approximately 220 km. TwoEnvironmental Impact Assessment's (EIA's), one for each national segment, are being carriedout prior to construction of the transmission line, from here on referred to as theMozambique-Malawi Interconnector or simply the "interconnector".

Coastal and Environmental Services (CES) were commissioned by ESCOM to carry out theEIA and development of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Malawiansegment of the power line.

The preferred route for the power line in Malawi is from Mwanza to Phombeya (Appendix 1).This option is ESCOM's preferred option due to the fact that ESCOM/EDM envisage that thisline will eventually be extended eastwards into Mozambique. If this were to happen, it wouldbe best to extend the line from the new proposed substation at Phombeya than from theexisting substation at Golomoti, due to the distance that the power line will need to be routedaround Lake Malawi.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS

In terms of the EIA process in Malawi, the construction of electrical transmission facilitiesoperating at a voltage of 132kV or greater, is a listed activity requiring an EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA). The construction of the interconnector between Mozambique andMalawi thus requires an EIA. ESCOM specified in their Terms of Reference that anEnvironmental Mitigation Plan is required. An Environmental Mitigation Plan is essentiallyidentical to an Environmental Management Plan where mitigation measures in the form ofspecifications are given to ensure that negative impacts created by the construction phase areminimised.

The Baseline Studies and the EIA were also structured to meet the requirements of the WorldBank, since the World Bank will be one of the main financiers of the project. AnEnvironmental Management Plan forms part of the Environmental Assessment required interms of the World Bank's Operational Policy 4.01, for Category A Projects.



3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed route enters Malawi near the village of Golowa, where after it proceeds in a

northeasterly direction for about five km on the northern banks of the Mpandazi River.

Approximately six kilometers after entering Malawi the route turns due east, passes south of

Mwanza and crosses the Wamkurumadzi River, near the village of Mlongolola, changing

direction a number of times in the process. From the Wamkurumadzi River the route proceeds

in a northeasterly direction, again changing direction a number of times, adopting a more

northerly bearing on each occasion. The route crosses the Lisungwi River and M6

respectively before terminating at the site of the proposed substation at Phombeya. The

proposed route will pass through at least two gazetted forest reserves, namely Masatwe South

and Nkula/Tedzani. No other formally protected areas occur along the route of the proposed

power line, although the route does pass close (+ 5 km) to the northern boundary (unfenced)

of the Majete Game Reserve and skirts the northern boundary of the Thambani Forest

Reserve.

The power line will be constructed for the transmission of 400 kV. Steel pylons will be

constructed to support the conductors. A servitude line of 55m is preferable for a line of this

voltage, with a central corridor of 8m cleared to grass level for the construction and

maintenance of the power line. In addition, a further 15 ha (500m x 300m) will have to be

cleared for the establishment of a substation at Phombeya. ESCOM envisage constructing a

maintenance road within the servitude directly below the conductors. This road will also be

used for the construction of the power line. Additional technical specifications for the power

line were not available for the specialist baseline studies.

Sensitive areas along the proposed route include:* The northern boundary (unfenced) of the Majete Game Reserve.

* Wetlands (e.g. upper Lipongwe River catchment) and wooded habitats (e.g.

Thambani Forest Reserve).* Wooded habitats• Gazetted Forest Reserves (Masatwe South and Nkula).* Villages (except roads).

4. BACKGROUND TO DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS

4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS TO DATE

In order to fully understand the need and function of the design and draft construction EMP it

is necessary to understand the environmental work done to date on the Malawian segment of

the 400kV interconnector and what is in progress.

The environmental work done to date has included:

Volume 1 - Environmental Impact ReportVolume 2 - Environmental Management Plan (this report)

Supplementary Volume 1 - Scoping and Terms of Reference.Supplementary Volume 2 - Baseline StudiesSupplementary Volume 3 - Resettlement Policy Framework



In order to mitigate the impact that construction and operation of the interconnector willhave on the environment, the selected contractor must ensure that they arefully aware ofthe biophysical, social and economic environments in which they are going to work. Thus itis a requirement that the selected contractor obtain a set of these reports and that theyfamiliarise themselves with the environmental studies that have been completed.

4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS

4.2.1. GENERAL BACKGROUND

In terms of the World Bank's OP 4.01, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) mustconsist of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken duringimplementation and operation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offsetthem, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed toimplement these measures.

EMPs are very important tools in the sound environmental management of projects, providedthe specifications are implemented and the user understands the contents of the report and thereasons for the implementation of certain specifications.

The EMP has the following objectives:i. To state standards and guidelines which are required to be achieved in terms of

environmental legislation.ii. To set out the mitigation measures and environmental specifications which are

required to be implemented for all phases of the project in order to minimise theextent of environmental impacts, to manage environmental impacts and wherepossible to improve the condition of the environment.

iii. To provide guidance regarding method statements which are required to beimplemented to achieve the environmental specifications.

iv. To define corrective actions, which must be taken in the event of non-compliancewith the specifications of this EMP.

v. To prevent long-term or permanent environmental degradation.

There are essentially three kinds of EMPs:* Design EMP - Produced for the engineer's final design team.* Construction EMP - Produced for the contractor to ensure on-theground

environmental management in the construction phase.* Operational EMP - Produced for the operators and is sometimes called an

Environmental Management System (EMS).

4.2.2. DESIGN EMP

The Design EMP is an integral component of the project life cycle and requires interactionbetween the design engineers and environmental consultants to ensure that the engineers areaware of the environmental constraints that they must consider and incorporate into the finaldesign of the project.

The format of this design EMP is checklist in nature to ensure that all specifications areincluded in the design phase. The design EMP phase will require ongoing and in-depthdiscussions between the contractors final design team and ESCOM's environmental officer.The engineer will have to cost for and be available for ongoing discussions with theenvironmental officer at all stages of final design.



4.2.3. CONSTRUCTION EMP

The Construction EMP details the environmental management system/framework within

which construction activities will be governed for the Construction Phase. The Construction

EMP consists of various actions, initiatives and systems that the contractor will have to ensure

are in place and are undertaken. The draft Construction EMP (See Part 4 of this document)

consists of both a management system and environmental specifications which contain

detailed specifications that will need to be undertaken or adhered to by the cortractor.

Two types of specifications need to be complied with by the contractor, namely standard and

specific. The standard specifications apply to all project components and are outlined in Part

4. The specific specifications are contained in Part 5 of this document, and outline specific

instructions for managing and minimising environmental impacts resulting from the

installation of the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnector.

The Construction EMP will need to be developed in parallel with the Final Design Stages, and

constructive input should be invited from the selected contractor. Sound environmentalmanagement is orientated around a pragmatic, unambiguous but enforceable set of guidelines

and specifications, and for this reason it is imperative that the cortractor, while being bound

by the EMP, fully understands it and has had input into its final development. For this reason

the final construction EMP will need to be signed off after input from the selected contractor

prior to the initiation of construction activities. It should, however, be noted that the

contractor must tender on the existing document and that in areas of uncertainty, a

precautionary approach to the environmental guidelines and specifications must be adopted.

5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ISSUES AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

The EIA process identified 5 physical issues (2 in the construction phase and 3 in the

operational phase; 10 biological issues (8 in the construction phase and 2 in the operational

phase) and 10 social issues (5 in the corEstruction phase and 5 in the operational phase) as

potential impacts and risks associated with the construction of the power line. All impacts are

included in the table below (Table 1) and the phase of the project during which they occur is

indicated (i.e. design, construction and operation). The majority of the social impacts are dealt

with in the Resettlement Policy Framework.

The significance before and after are also indicated in the table as are the recommendations

that were made in the EIA in response to the identified impacts. Essentially, this table serves

as an audit trail of the EIA, to ensure that all impacts are mitigated.

All impacts that must be considered during the design phase are included in the specifications

given in Part 3. All impacts related to the construction phase and therefore the responsibility

of the contractor, are given in Parts 4 and 5 and institutional recommendations in Part 6

Recommendations specific to ESCOM are given in all sections, but specifically in Appendix

5 and Part 2.



Table 1: Environmental Impacts and mitigation measures identified in the Environmental Impact Assessment

IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION MEASURE SIGNIFICANCE PHASE FOR(without (after DEALING WITH

mitigation) mitigation) THEISSUE\IMPACT

PHYSICAL IMPACTSCONSTRUCTION PHASESoil conservation LOW Contact the Wildlife Society of Malawi to identify potential local LOW Design

suppliers of Vetiver grass species.Loss of topsoil due to increased sediment LOW * Keep the removal of vegetation cover to a minimum. LOW Design/Constructiondelivery to streams . Rehabilitate as soon as possible after construction.Loss of topsoil due to loss of agricultural LOW . Keep the removal of vegetation cover to a minimum. LOW Design/Constructionpotential * Rehabilitate as soon as possible after construction.

. Replace soil in the same order it was removed i.e. topsoil last.OPERATIONAL PHASEDevelopment of mineral deposits HIGH (+ve) Bring the proposed interconnection to the attention of international HIGH (+ve) Operational

investors.Slope failure triggered by seismic activity VERY HIGH Undertake an additional assessment to determine the severity of this VERY HIGH Design

risk.Soil erosion due to incision of road verges LOW * Divert the flow away from the roadside drainage ditch at regular LOW Design

intervals.* Place diversions closer together for steeper slopes.

Soil erosion due to Incision of road culverts HIGH Protect the areas immediately downstream of the culvert with energy MODERATE Designdispersers.

BIOLOGICAL IMPACTSCONSTRUCTION PHASELoss of natural plant communities MODERATE * Avoid sensitive habitats. MODERATE Design/Construction

. Restrict the amount of vegetation cleared.Cutting of trees under the power line MODERATE . Only remove or crop trees where absolutely necessary. MODERATE Design/Construction

* Allow harvesting before clearing.Loss of or impact on fallow and agricultural MODERATE Allow the cultivation of low growing non-tree crops within the LOW Operationalland servitude.Loss of or impact on commercial agriculture LOW Inform local farmers of the project. LOW DesignLoss of areas within gazetted forest reserves HIGH * Reroute the proposed line to avoid the gazetted forest reserves or NO IMPACT Design

. Add to each of the reserves an equivalent area to that lost. MODERATE J



IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION MEASURE SIGNIFICANCE PHASE FOR

(without (after DEALING WITH

mitigation) mitigation) THE

ISSUE\IMPACT

Introduction or spread of alien species. MODERATE * Do not disturb natural vegetation unnecessarily. LOW Design/Construction

* Do not introduce soil which may possibly contain alien vegetation

seeds.

* Do not transfer soil over large distances.

Loss of ethnobotanical resources MODERATE Avoid removing trees with ethnobotanical value, especially baobab MODERATE Design

and tamarind trees.

Loss of faunal habitat LOW to * Avoid most sensitive habitats (i.e. wetland and wooded habitats). LOW Design/Construction

MODERATE * Place removed vegetation in piles within the servitude to act as

temporary refugia for displaced fauna.

Loss of Species of Special Concern (SSC) LOW to Construct towers to reduce bird mortality and insert bird flight LOW Design

MODERATE diverters where necessary (e.g. river crossings and large wetlands).

OPERATIONAL PHASEFragmentation of habitat LOW No Mitigation possible. LOW

Loss of faunal species diversity LOW If possible, reduce public access on access roads. LOW Constructbn/I_Operational

SOCIAL IMPACTS (Mitigation measures are included in the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) - responsibility lies with ESCOM)

CONSTRUCTION PHASEReduced capacity for household survival due HIGH * If possible, construct towers on communal non-arable land. LOW Design/Construction

to loss of land and access to productive * Where possible crops in the servitude should be maintained.

resources * Alternative land of at least the same productive potential should bemade available to affected land users.

* Construction should preferably begin between June - December.* Additional food (or financial compensation) needs to be provided

during the period that affected people have no adequate access tocrops.

* Fruit trees lost due to clearing must be replaced.. Indicate areas where communities can cultivate low crops within

the servitude.* Minimise damage due to road construction.

Reduced access to natural resources HIGH * Clear vegetation in an environmentally sensitive manner (least MODERATE Design/Construction

disruption possible).* Engage all relevant participants.* Engage the Village Natural Resource Committee to optimize the

sustainable use of village land.

12 Environmental Management Plan


IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION MEASURE SIGNIFICANCE PHASE FOR(without (after DEALING WITH

mitigation) mitigation) THEISSUE\IMPACT

Increased pressure on surrounding land and MODERATE . Clear vegetation in an environmentally sensitive manner (least LOW Design/Constructionproductive resources disruption possible).

. Engage all relevant participants.

. Engage the Village Natural Resource Committee to optimize thesustainable use of village land.

Reduced productivity of Estates due to loss MODERATE * If possible, place towers so as not to interfere with existing crops. LOW Design/Construction/of land and access to productive resources . Compensate land and crops. Operational

* Maintain crops in servitude.Potential conflict in decision-making with MODERATE Adhere to process recommended in the RPF. LOW Designregards to compensation for land andproductive resourcesLoss of homesteads due to resettlement HIGH Adhere to recommendations in the RPF. LOW DesignRelocation of graves NO IMPACTIncreased conflicts in households and villages MODERATE Adhere to recommendations in the RPF. LOW Designdue to changes in social systemsIncreased incidences of STD and HIV/AIDS HIGH * Train all workers in AIDS awareness. MODERATE Construction

* Provide all workers with condoms. to LOW* Maintain awareness programmes.

Health and safety risk as a result of MODERATE Develop a safety policy and adhere to it. LOW Design/Constructionconstruction

OPERATIONAL PHASEExpansion of national economic MODERATE Encourage the use of tax monies in a socially responsible manner. HIGH (+ve) Operationalopportunities (+ve)Expansion of economic opportunities due to LOW to Identification of rural centres to be electrified must be done in Operationalthe electrification of rural centres and MODERATE consultation with the District Assembly and communities.development projects (+ve)Development of rural commerce and industry MODERATE Identify rural commerce and industry opportunities in conjunction with

(+ve) the District Assembly and communities.Expansion of economic opportunities due to MODERATE Transparent and fair recruitment of labour Designadditional job opportunities (+ve)Influx of people MODERATE The District Assembly, chiefs and village heads must develop a LOW Design/Construction

strategy to deal with the influx of people.Increasing the reliability of services HIGH (+ve) Prioritise supply of electricity to areas where mostly needed e.g. Operational

I schools, hospitals and commercial centres.



IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION MEASURE SIGNIFICANCE PHASE FOR

(without (after DEALING WITH

mitigation) mitigation) THE

ISSUE\IMPACT

Charcoal production MODERATE Govemment responsible for encouraging the use of electricity rather HIGH Operational

than charcoal.Health risk as a result of living near an NOT Maintain a servitude of 55m. Design

electro-magnetic field KNOWN



6. LAYOUT OF THIS DOCUMENT

Part 1 - IntroductionPart 1 (this section) is the introduction to the Environmental Management Plan and includes aproject description and an explanation of the nature of environmental management plans, aswell as a table listing all recommendations made in the EIA.

Part 2 - ESCOM's ResponsibilitiesPart 2 contains the applicable legislation, policies and guidelines ESCOM must abide by andspecific standards and guidelines that the contractor will have to adhere to in the final designand construction phases.

Part 3 - Design Environmental Management PlanPart 3 contains the Design EMP, which outlines EIA recommendations that need to beincorporated into final design.

Part 4 -Construction Environmental Management PlanPart 3 contains the draft construction EMP. The draft construction EMP is made up of the:

i. Management framework, which discusses reporting structures, tolerances,training, auditing, performance targets and environmental incident managementthat the contractor will be required to adhere to.

ii. Standard Envimnmental Specifications, which are a range of EAPs that arestandard specifications for standard construction operations.

Part 5 - Specific Environmental SpecificationsPart 5 contains Specifications for certain actions specific to this project.

Part 6 - Institutional ResponsibilitiesPart 6 contains the recommended institutional arrangement for the project, for the design andconstruction phases. It also lists the reporting structure which should be followed.

Part 7 - Costs of Environmental ActionsThis section contains an approximate cost of certain environmental actions.

Part 8 - Operational PlanPart 8 contains the plan for the operation of the power line to ensure that ESCOM adhere tothe specified environmental standards.

AppendicesAppendix 1: Locality mapAppendix 2: Legislation and Sections relevant for ESCOM to include in the design of theinterconnector.Appendix 3: Environmental Education CourseAppendix 4: Pro forma document: Protection of the Environment.Appendix 5: Specific Recommendations



7. DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS DOCUMENT

For the purposes of this document the following definitions and abbreviations shall apply.

7.1. DEFINITIONS

Environment means the surroundings within which humans exist, which are made up of:

i The land, water and atmosphere of the earth.

ui. Micro-organisms, plant and animal life.ini. Any part or combination of i) and ii) and the interrelationships among and between

them.iv. The physical, chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties and conditions of the

foregoing that influence human health and well-being.

Potentially hazardous substance is a substance which, in the reasonable opinion of the

Engineer, can have a deleterious effect on the environment.

Method Statement is a written submission by the Contractor to ESCOM in response to the

Specification or a request by the Environmental Site Officer (ESO), setting out the plant,

materials, labour and method the Contractor proposes using to carry out an activity, identified

by the relevant specification or the ESO when requesting the Method Statement, in such detail

that the ESO is enabled to assess whether the Contractor's proposal is in accordance with the

construction EMP and associated Environmental Specifications.

Reasonable means, unless the context indicates otherwise, reasonable in the opinion of the

ESO after he has consulted with a person, not an employee of the contractor, suitably

experienced in "environmental implementation plans" and "environmental management

plans".

Solid waste means all solid waste, including construction debris, chemical waste, excess

cement/concrete, wrapping materials, timber, tins and cans, drums, wire, nails, food and

domestic waste (e.g. plastic packets and wrappers).

Contaminated water means water contaminated by the Contractor's activities, e.g. concrete

water and runoff from plant/personnel wash areas.

Drum Station refers to the areas needed for storing the drums containing the conductors.

Construction camp refers to the specified area in which all construction material is stored,

vehicles are refuelled and maintained and eating and ablution areas are specified.

Resident Engineer is the engineer permanently on site and is in control of issuing instructions

for all activities on site

Environmental Site Officer is an independent consultant who is permanently on site and

manages compliance with the EMP.

7.2. ABBREVIATIONS

CES - Coastal & Environmental ServicesEAD - Environment Affairs DepartmentEAP - Environmental Specifications



EHSO - Environmental Health & Safety OfficerEIA - Environmental Impact AssessmentEIR - Environmental Impact ReportEMP - Environmental Management PlanESCOM - Electricity Supply Corporation of MalawiESO - Environmental Site OfficerIFC - International Finance CorporationOSHW - Occupational Safety, Health and Welfare Act, 1997NGO - Non-government OrganisationPAP - Project Affected PeopleRAP - Resettlement SpecificationsRE - Resident EngineerRPF - Resettlement Policy FrameworkWB - World Bank





PART 2: ESCOM'S RESPONSIBILITIES





8. ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES, LEGISLATION ANDSTANDARDS

It is ESCOM's responsibility to ensure that the guidelines, legislation and standards listedbelow are included in the tender and contract documents and that they are taken intoconsideration during the design phase and adhered to during the construction phase.

8.1. ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

In terms of the Constitution of Malawi, ESCOM have a responsibility to manage theenvironment responsibly in order to:

i prevent degradation to the environment;ii. provide a healthy living and working environment for the people of Malawi;

iii. accord full recognition of the right of future generations by means ofenvironmental protection and the sustainable development of naturalresources; and

iv. conserve and enhance the biological diversity of Malawi

As a member of the Southern Africa Power Pool, ESCOM is required to have a writtenEnvironmental Policy. The World Bank and other funding agents also require the existence ofan environmental and social policy.

A draft environmental policy has been produced by ESCOM, which will be finalised afterpublic comment.

ESCOM's draft Environmental PolicyESCOM's Mission Statement indicates that its mission is to generate, acquire and supplyelectricity at least cost for sustainable national development. In particular, ESCOM is to build,operate and maintain: Generation, Transmission and Distribution systems for the effective andefficient supply of electricity in a sustainable environment.

ESCOM Limited shall strive to:* Reduce the environmental impacts of its business.* Increase power supply to peri-urban and rural communities.* Use resources efficiently, effectively and economically.* Be accountable to its stakeholders and customers.* Integrate environmental performance and social factors into its planning, decision

making and business practices.* Promote environmental awareness and training of its employees.* Improve its environmental performance and management.* Comply with relevant environmental legislation, standards and practices.

Consistent with Malawi Government commitment to poverty reduction, ESCOM Limitedundertakes to:

* Plan, design, construct and operate its power plants and power lines in a manner whichtakes into account the cultural sensitivities of Malawi society.

* Consult and secure consensus with affected parties and stakeholders.* Perceive development projects as an opportunity to help project affected people (PAP)

uplift their social and economic status.* Promote safety, health and efficiency in generation, transmission, distribution and use

of electricity.



Responsibilities and accountabilities* This policy shall apply to the whole of ESCOM and its business units.* Each Manager is responsible for applying the principles contained in this policy and

ensuring compliance with relevant legislation and standards.* Individual workers shall make an effort to acquaint themselves with the requirements

of the Environmental Management Act and other relevant legislation.* The Environmental Unit shall coordinate, develop guidelines, monitor and report to

Management the environmental performance of each Business Unit.

. ESCOM Limited shall produce an annual environmental report to update on its

achievements and status.

ESCOM's Resettlement Policy FrameworkThe Resettlement Policy Framework specific to this project can be found in Volume 4.

8.2. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND GUIDELINES

The World Bank has established policies and procedures that help ensure its operations are

economically, financially, socially and environmentally sound. The World Bank Safeguard

Policies are designed to safeguard the interests of third parties who may be affected by Bank

operations. The following policies were scoped to determine which are triggered:

* Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment* Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats* Operational Policy 4.07: Water Resources Management* Operational Policy 4.11: Cultural Property* Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement* Operational Policy 4.36: Forests* Bank Procedure 17.50: Disclosure of Operational Information

For this project, Operational Policies 4.01, 4.11 and 4.12 are triggered.

Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental AssessmentThis project falls into a Category A project as defined in OP 4.01. The Bank requires

Environmental Assessments (EA) of projects proposed for Bark financing to help ensure that

they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making.

The EA undertaken for this project has followed the guidelines set out in OP 4.01 and also

fulfils the Malawi Environmental Impact Assessment requirements. The EIA takes into

account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety and social

aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples and cultural property).

An Environmental Management Plan forms part of the requirements of OP 4.01. This

document has been structured to fulfil these requirements as well as the requirements of

ESCOM as per their Terms of Reference for the project.

Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary ResettlementA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been developed as part of this project and

addresses all requirements of OP 4.12.

The preferred route almost exclusively traverses rural lands, most of which are given over to

subsistence agriculture and communal resource utilisation. The dominant crop in the area is

maize. Other crops include cassava, groundnuts, beans, tomatoes, sugar cane and coffee. Fruit

trees grown in the area include mango, banana and citrus (oranges, tangerines and lemons). A



few demarcated estates (close to Mwanza) are marginally affected. With the preferred line itappears as if only one homestead would be affected in terms of requiring resettlement.

Operational Policy 4.11: Cultural PropertyThe Bank's general policy regarding cultural properties is to assist in tlhir preservation, andto seek to avoid their elimination. ESCOM will ensure that cultural property e.g. graves andgravesites are protected

Operational Policy 4.36: ForestsTwo gazetted forest reserves are traversed by the proposed power line, namely MasatweSouth and Nkula. These areas could therefore be classified as "critical forest areas" accordingto Annex A of OP 4.36. This issue has not been thoroughly dealt with as at the time of thefield trip, the status of these forests had not been identified as "gazetted", due to theunavailability of data. Additional field work will be required to assess the sensitivity of theseforests and thus the impact of the current situation and the impact of the proposed power lineas well as mitigation measures and/or recommendations.

8.3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

A complete review of the applicable legislation can be found in the Environmental ImpactReport (Volume 3). The following is a brief description of the legislation ESCOM mustensure is applied: Appendix 2 contains a table listing the recommended sections that ESCOMshould take particular notice of.

Electricity Act (1981)This Act provides for the establishment of an Electricity Supply Commission relating to thegeneration and supply and use of electricity. The Act contains information critical forESCOM regarding the construction of the transmission line. Part V contains regulationregarding the acquisition of land and rights over lands and includes information oncompensation for damages caused.

Environment Managenment Act, 1996The Director of Environmental Affairs may in terms of S33 of the Act issue environmentalprotection orders against any person whose acts have adverse effects on the protection andmanagement of the environment and the conservation and sustainable utilization of naturalresources. Such an order may require the person against whom it is made to take the necessarymeasures for the restoration of any land degraded by the activities of such person, includingthe replacement of soil, the replanting of trees and other flora, and the restoration of uniquegeological, physiographical, ecological or historical features of the land and of waste disposalsites.

Forest Act (1980)This Act makes provision for the protection of forests and forest products and includes controlof forests and royalties for products.

Game Act (1982)This Act makes provision for the protection of game and includes requirements for licences tohunt.

Mines and Minerals Act (1982)Sections relating to the use and rehabilitation ofborrow pits are relevant to the construction ofthe power line.National Land Policy (2002)



This policy has the definite objective of ensuring equal opportunities for the acquisition, useand enjoyment of land for all citizens. It defines three types of land:

Government Land, which comprises land acquired and privately owned by the

Government and dedicated to a specified national use, or made available for privateuses at the discretion of the Government.Public Land is land held in trust and managed by tlr Government or TraditionalAuthorities and openly used or accessible to the public at large. This category of landincludes land gazetted for use as national parks, recreation areas, forest reserves,

conservation areas, historic and cultural sites.Private Land is land that has been registered to a person or group of persons as the

proprietor of any land in terms of section 24 of the Registered Land Act. Registrationmakes that person or group of persons the registered owners of private land.

Also in terris of the Land Policy the Government will seek support to develop and sustain a

land transfer and resettlement scheme as a strategy for managing current land pressure and a

long-term solution for preventing the emergence of a land crisis.

Noxious Weeds Act (1968)This Act makes provision for the eradication of noxious weeds. The Act also makes provision

for the disposal of noxious weeds and the right for the inspector to eradicate noxious weeds at

the expense of the person responsible.

Plant Protection Act (1970)This Act provides for the eradication and control of pests and diseases destructive to plants.This Act makes provision for the landowner to be responsible for the eradication of all pest

plants.

Public Roads Act (1990)This Act describes the various road types and the specifications regarding the construction,use and maintenance of the roads. ESCOM would need to take cognisance of sections relating

to the construction of temporary construction roads as well as permanent maintenance roads.

The Occupational Safety, Health and Welfare Act (1997)This Act makes provision for the regulation of conditions of employment in workplaces as

regards the safety, health and welfare of persons therein; for the inspection of certain plants

and machinery, and the prevention and regulation of accidents occurring to persons employed

or authorised to go into the workplaces.

Water Resources Act (Cap.72:03)In terms of section 16 of the Water Resources Act(Cap.72:03) any person who interferes with

or alters the flow of or pollutes or fouls any public water, shall be guilty of an offence.

African Convention on the Preservation of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa of

1900The African Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in theirNatural State of 1933.These two international agreements on the environment make provision for dealing withprotected species, which includes both animal and plant species threatened with extinction

and accords similar protection to the habitat necessary for the survival of these species.

The Environmental Management Act also provides for the conservation of biological diversity

which is threatened by extinction.



8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

The Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and Environmental Affairs has the power to prescribeenvironmental quality standards for air, water, soil, noise, vibrations, radiation, effluent andsolid waste.

These standards shall be based on scientific and environmental principles and shall take intoaccount the practicability and availability of appropriate technology to ensure compliancewith these standards. Different environmental quality standards may apply in different areasof Malawi with respect to different segments of the environment, and the Minister has thepower to vary such standards from time to time.

The Environment Affairs Department (EAD) of Malawi would prescribe environmentalquality standards for various activities, to ensure that the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnectoris constructed and operates to best international standards and practice. The Contractor mustthus ensure that all designs comply with these standards and that all construction activities arecompliant with these standards. The following have been prescribed for this project:

If particular standards are not issued by the EAD, then it shall be deemed that design andconstruction activities must meet World Bank standards. The following World Bank standardswould be applicable to this project.

8.4.1. EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

There is general worldwide concern about locating high voltage transmission lines close tohuman settlements, due to possible adverse health effects from the electromagnetic fieldsgenerated by power lines. To ensure people are protected from any negative effects due toelectromagnetic fields:

* ESCOM must ensure the servitude is a total of between 50 and 55m, 25 - -27.5meither side of the centre line of the transmission line.

* ESCOM must ensure no settlements occur within this servitude.

8.4.2. ELECTROCUTION

The following IFC guidelines are recommended:* Strict procedures for de-energising and checking of electrical equipment must be in

place before any maintenance work is conducted.• In cases where maintenance work has to be performed on energised equipment, a strict

safety procedure must be in place and work must be performed under constantsupervision.

* Personnel training must be conducted in revival techniques for electrocution.

8.4.3. SEWAGE TREATMENT STANDARDS

The design of the sewage and waste water treatment plant at the main construction camp mustcomply with the effluent discharge standards presented in Table 8.4a. These effluent qualitylimits apply to treated industrial and sanitary effluents discharged to watercourses or whichmay contact groundwater used for drinking water.



Table 8.4a: Effluent discharge standards.

Effluent discharge standards (Max value mg/1)FACTOR STANDARD COMMENTSpH 6 to 9BODs 50 At 20 0CCOD 250 Chemical Oxygen

Demand

Total Suspended Solids 50(TSS)Temperature increase <3 deg.C lOOm from discharge

pointSoaps, oils & greases 20 Up to 40 is acceptable for

facilities producing <10000 I/day

Residual Chlorine 0.2 Shock treatment 2mg/l forup to 2 hrs. Once in 24hrs. 24 hr average of 2mg/l

Phenol I

P04 (as Phosphate) 1Free and saline ammonia -

(as Nitrogen)Sulphide 1Ammonia As N2

Total toxic metals 5Floatable NoneTotal Coliforms 400 MPN/lOOmlTemperature Max 5°C above Max 3°C if receiving

temperature of water >28°Creceiving water

8.4.4. NOISE STANDARDS

World Bank noise standards (World Bank - Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook,

July 1988) will be applied for ambient noise levels. Noise abatement measures should achieve

either the levels presented in Table 8.4b, or a maximum increase in background levels of 3

dB(A). Measuremerts are to be taken at noise receptors located outside the specific

infrastructural boundary.

Table 8.4b: Ambient noise limits.

Maximum Allowable Log (hourly), in dB(A)Receptor Daytime Night time

07:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 07:00

Residential 55 45Industrial 70 70

The project will comply with the following Industry Best Practice for occupational noise

exposure:

A maximum of 8 hours exposure to 85 dB(A), 2 hours exposure to 91 dB(A), and 1 hours

exposure to 94 dB(A). A maximum limit of 115 dB(A).



8.4.5. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL STANDARDS

A solid waste facility will need to be designed in the final design phase and will be required tomeet international disposal standards. The Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook(World Bank Group 1998) outlines the minimum standards for the management of hazardouswastes.

The Mozambique-Malawi Interconnector project will produce a number of domestic andindustrial waste streams. ESCOM will be bound by the Basel Convention (The Globalconvention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes).

The World Bank outlines the following standards:* The generation of hazardous materials should be avoided.* Where the production of hazardous materials cannot be avoided, action should be

taken to reduce hazardous characteristics by treatment or immobilisation.* Waste generators are responsible for the final disposal of their wastes in acceptable

manner.* It is not acceptable to stockpile wastes over an extended period.* Waste should be recycled and materials reclaimed where possible.. If recycling or reclaim is not practical, wastes must be disposed of in an

environmentally acceptable manner and in compliance with local laws andregulations.

* Landfilling should only be used after all possible reduction and treatment have beenconducted.

In terms of landfilling, the World Bank notes that:* Landfills must be designed into a number of cells to allow for segregation of a

number of wastes.* Landfills are lined according to the characteristics of the waste.* Design must include the provision for closure and long term monitoring.. Operation of the landfill should include requirements for pre-treatment and

containing of wastes, control and recording of the burial of different types of waste,planning and preparation for spills and acciderts, and regular monitoring of thesurrounding environment.

* A detailed Hazardous Waste Management Plan must be undertaken.

8.4.6. WORKPLACE AIR QUALITY

The following IFC guidelines are recommended:* Periodic monitoring of workplace air quality should be conducted for air

contaminants relevant to employee tasks and the plant's operations.* Ventilation, air contaminant control equipment, protective respiratory equipment and

air quality monitoring equipment should be well maintained.* Protective respiratory equipment must be used by employees when the exposure

levels for welding fumes, solvents and other materials present in the workplaceexceed local or internationally accepted standards, generally expressed as thresholdlimit values (TLVs).

8.4.7. DUST CONTROL MEASURES

The following IFC guidelines are recommended:* The plant should be provided with air pollution control systems to control the dust

emitted throughout the different stages of the process.



Equipment related to material handling and storage (such as conveyor systems and

all transfer points) should be covered and equipped with dust collectors.

8.4.8. OTHER PHYSICAL AGENTS

The following IFC guidelines are recommended:* Equipment should be designed and maintained for accepted safe working levels of

physical factors that may have adverse health effects (e.g. ionising and non-ionising

radiation, magnetic fields).* Work areas should be monitored regularly for radiation and field levels, and

equipment integrity (e.g. protective shields, lockouts).

9. OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES

9.1. TOLERANCES

Environmental management is concerned not only with the final results of the contractor's

operations to carry out the works, but also with the control of how those operations are carried

out. Tolerance with respect to environmental matters applies not only to the finished product

but also to the standard of the day-to-day operations required to complete the works.

Non-compliance with the conditions of the construction EMP constitutes a breach of contract

for which the contractor will be held liable. The contractor is deemed NOT to have complied

with the EMP if:i. there is evidence of contravention of the construction EMP, its environmental

specifications within the boundaries of the site, site extensions and access roads;

ii. construction related activities take place outside the defined boundaries of the site;

iii. environmental damage ensues due to negligence;iv. the contractor fails to comply with corrective or other instructions issued by the RE

or ESO within a specific time;v. the contractor fails to respond adequately to complaints from the public or relevant

authorities.

In order to ensure that the contractor complies with the EMP the contractor will design and

implement a staff waming and disciplinary system. This warning system must be designed so that

the RE and ESO can implement wamings. This warning system must include the right for the RE

at the request of the ESO to remove from site any person who is in contravention of the EMP.

In addition, the RE, and in some cases the ESO, will have the right to call a halt to any activity

being undertaken which is deemed to be in conflict with the EMP. The Contractor shall not be

entitled to make a claim in respect of any delays or additional costs associated with non compliance

with the construction EMP and subsequent punitive action issued by the RE or ESO. The

contractor is liable for any construction rehabilitation costs associated with their non compliance

with the EMP. This rehabilitation will be undertaken to the satisfaction of the RE and ESO.

The contractor shall have the right to appeal any punitive action issued by the RE or ESO.

The exact nature (e.g. structure, timing etc.) of this appeal process must be established

between ESCOM and the selected contractor in the final design period.

9.2. PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS

Environmental performance objectives and measurable indicators against which the

performance of the project can be measured and monitored must be developed and agreed

upon by the RE, ESO, and ESCOM for the construction phase of the project These objectives



and targets must be completed in the design phase. Objectives and targets must be reviewedon a regular basis. In cases where targets and objectives are not met, the Contractor will berequired to submit method statements indicating proposed corrective measures to the RE andESO.

9.3. REPORTING AND REVIEW

The construction EMP reporting and documentation requirements must be based on bestpractice principles, e.g. ISO 14001 requirements.

9.3.1. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

Documents associated with the construction EMP must be regularly reviewed and updated byall environmental management parties.

9.3.2. AUDITING AND REVIEW

Audits of the environmental performance of the construction phase of the project will beundertaken on a 6-month basis by accredited institutions that are vetted by the EAD. Thepurpose of the audits will be to assess compliance with the conditions of the EnvironmentalLicence, and objectives and targets outlined in the construction EMP.

The findings of external, internal and informal environmental reviews will be recorded anditems requiring action will be identified from the recommendations made. The contractor willbe contractually obliged to fulfill any reasonable recommendations, and implementation ofthese actions will be assessed in the above audit.

9.4. MONITORING

Construction activities have the potential to impact on a range of biophysical habitats as wellas neighbouring communities. The monitoring programme that must be designed in thedetailed design phase by ESCOM's environmental staff will be implemented by ESCOM'senvironmental team during the construction phase. The exact requirements will only beavailable during the detailed design phase but as a minimum, monitoring will need to beundertaken for a range of variables, namely:

* Water quality e.g. BOD, COD, PH, salinity, TDS, E. coli in the event that aconstruction camp is in proximity to a water body, or where the line and/or roadcrosses a water body.

* Hydrocarbon pollution at construction camps* Rehabilitation success* Success of local labour employment* Success of local procurement policies

The relevant variables would need to be measured at the various work sites. The results andsubsequent trends from the monitoring would then be compared to the baseline data available,the required standards (Part 2) and the objectives and targets set. The contractor would thenbe required to implement corrective actions to ensure compliance with the construction EMPand its standards and specifications.

The objectives of the monitoring programme are to:



* Demonstrate that ESCOM has operated in accordance with all of the conditions

in the EIA and the EMP and that control structures and programmes are operating

consistently with these conditions.. Provide timely, relevant and appropriately presented information within the

company to the regulatory authorities and the general public, on the

environmental performance of the operation.

The following will be monitored with regard to the Interconnector:1. Roads: Condition of existing access roads and routes during construction.2. Rehabilitation: A program to monitor the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of

access roads, lay down areas and camps will be established once rehabilitationcommences.

3. Bird Mortality: Assess the long-term significance of bird mortalities from the

line, in association with an environmental NGO (e.g. Malawi Wildlife EEnvironment Society).

4. Monitoring and Evaluation of the Resettlement Policy Framework: ESCOMsite management will undertake on-going monitoring, evaluation and review ofthe Resettlement Policy Framework. For the duration of the contract, a site

self-assessment will be carried out by trained employees of ESCOM, and an

audit carried out by a credible independent agency twice a year. Initially, these

activities will focus, among other things on ensuring:* The correct entitlements are delivered to the affected household.

* Disputes and grievances are dealt with promptly and efficiently.

* The effectiveness of the resettlement.

9.5. ADDITIONAL STUDIES REQUIRED

9.5.1. BORROW PITS

The location, use and rehabilitation of borrow pits must be determined prior to construction.

A qualified environmental consultant must assess the proposed borrow pits and design a

suitable use and rehabilitation programme for each proposed borrow pit.

9.5.2. GAZETTED FORESTS

At the time of undertaking the field work for this study, it was not determined that the two

gazetted forests were protected forests. They were found to be degraded due to the removal of

wood for charcoal manufacturing. A more detailed assessment of these forests will follow.



PART 3: DESIGN EMP





10. AIM OF DESIGN' EMP

The key aim of the design EMP is to ensure that the final design stages of the Malawi sectionof the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnector and the associated infrastructure:

i Adheres to Malawian law.ii. Adheres to international environmental standards.

iii. Includes the recommendations made in the EIA studies done to date (See Part 1Section 5).

iv. Takes due cognisance of the biophysical, social and economic environment in whichthe power line and associated infrastructure will operate.

Recommendations from the Environmental Impact Report (Volume 1) presented in Table 1have been included in the Design, Construction and Operation EMPs, where applicable.Additional recommendations are included in Section 9.

11. REPORTING AND INTERACTION

The environmental success of the final design phase of the project is directly linked to soundand ongoing communication channels between the selected engineer's design team, ESCOMand their environmental representative.

The engineer is required to fully involve ESCOM's environmental representative in the initialbriefing session for the final design of the power line and associated infrastructure and duringthe final design decision making process.

The final design will only be accepted by the EAD after approval by ESCOM'senvironmental representative.

12. DESIGN CRITERIA

While the contractor is required to adhere to all the standards and policies outlined in Part 2,the following section contains a checklist of criteria that must be included as a minimum inthe final design of the project. Some of the recommendations outlined below have alreadybeen incorporated into the design process. Appendix 5 contains a checklist ofrecommendations specific to ESCOM and the Engineer.

The route presented in the EIA and described in Part 1 must be followed. If an alternativeroute is required, this must be vetted by ESCOM's environmental staff and/or consultants andapproved by the EAD.

12.1. ALL PROJECT COMPONENTS

i. Any changes to the project as described in Part 1 Section 3 must take duecognisance of the environment. In particular, impacts on sensitive habitats(particularly the gazetted forest reserves) and the local population must beconsidered. Any substantive changes must be vetted by ESCOM's environmentalstaff and/or consultants and approved by the EAD.

ii. ESCOM must ensure that the contractors have a suitable Safety Policy and thatvillages in the affected areas are made aware of the necessary safety precautionsbefore and during the construction phase.

The use of the term Design Phase includes both engineering design and project planning and conceptualisation.



iii. Ensure contact is made with the village Natural Resource Committees in order to

optimise the sustainable use of village land.iv. Runoff and stormwater controls must be developed to prevent erosion and

increased turbidity in surface water due to increased runoff.v. A rehabilitation programme must be developed by ESCOM during the final design

phase. The contractor will be required to rehabilitate all construction areas andmust therefore contribute significantly to the design of the rehabilitationprogramme during the final design period.

vi. Planning in final design must ensure that there are resources and time for all

construction areas to be stabilised and re-vegetated.vii. To prevent/contain oil spillages and chemical pollution at construction canps, the

following must be incorporated into the design of the relevant components:Oil traps, cut-off drains, sumps and settling ponds must be installed at all

vehicle servicing areas, areas with hydraulic and transformer oils and

other areas where needed.Specific approved areas must be dedicated as routine service areas.Fuel and chemical storage tanks must be designed in suitably bundedareas and in accordance with accepted intemational standards.An emergency response/preparedness plan for hydrocarbon spills andrelated incidents must be developed.

viii. All components of the power line must be free of Polychlorinated Biphenyls

(PCBs).ix. All components of the power line must be free of ozone-depleting compounds.

x. ESCOM must develop social and biophysical monitoring programmes during the

final design stages. The monitoring requirements of these programmes must be

allowed for in final design.xi. Environmental performance objectives and measurable indicators against which

the performance of the project can be measured and monitored must be developed

by ESCOM for all phases of the project to ensure the impact on the environment is

minimal.xii. Vegetation clearing and ground disturbances in areas susceptible to water erosion

must be minimised.xiii. Erosion control measures must be developed for the various project components.

xiv. All potential fire hazard areas must be identified and all staff made aware.

xv. Access routes must be established in conjunction with ESCOM's environmentalstaff for all project components.

xvi. Construction materials must be stored and construction camps located in high

lying areas above the 1:50 year flood line. Lay down areas must not be located in

sensitive areas or near villages.

12.2. OPERATIONAL SUPPORT

i As far as possible, local infrastructure must be incorporated into route planning e.g. the

Makali Estate and the existing tarred road will be used for the construction of the power

line, as far as possible.ii. Should a maintenance road be required in the Estate, the relevant affected company must

be consulted.iii. Plans for the road must be advertised according to Section 25 of the Malawi Public Roads

Act.iv. Roads must be carefully sited, designed and contoured to avoid damage to sensitive

vegetation types.v. Road reserves must not exceed 60m (Public Roads Act, Section 10).



vi. Two weeks notice is required in terms of the Public Roads Act, Section 20, prior to theopening of a detour.

vii. The detour must be rehabilitated to prevent soil erosion (Public Roads Act, Section 23).viii. Road culverts must be numerous in areas where roads cross wetlands, drainage areas or

rivers. Culverts must be designed for easy maintenance.ix. The flow of water must be directed away from roadside drainage ditches at regular

intervals to prevent soil erosion. Diversions must be closer together for steeper slopes.x. All access roads and paths must be carefully contoured to prevent erosion and resultant

silting up of watercourses.xi. The siting of all access roads must consider impacts on the local villagers in terms of

safety, noise and dust.xii. A programme to maintain all power line access roads during the construction and

operational phases must be developed.

12.3. TOWERS

i Where possible, the positions of towers must be designed to avoid graves which exist inthe servitude.

ii. Where possible, the positions of towers must be designed to avoid sensitive habitats e.g.wetlands, woodlands, river floodplains and gazetted forests.

iii. Where possible, pylons should be constructed on communal non-arable land.iv. Towers should be positioned approximately 300-400m apart, depending on the

topography.v. Towers must be of the type that reduces bird electrocution i.e. with large gaps between the

conductive elements and bird flight diverters in appropriate positions, and with birdguards on towers to attempt to prevent access by birds in these critical areas.

vi. Angles of 900 should be the maximum angle of change in direction. Where possible,optimise by selecting straight routes with less bends.

12.4. SERVITUDE

i. Ensure the servitude of the proposed power line is between 50 and 55m wide (i.e. 25 -27.5m on either side of the centre line). Approximately 8m, around the centre of the linewill be cleared of vegetation to grass and shrub level (Public Roads Act, Section 30d).

ii. No vegetation clearing will be done in deep valleys, sensitive or protected areas and riverbanks to avoid erosion.

iii. All new rights-of-way should be aligned taking environmental factors into considerationin a manner which will minimise the need for physical alteration and the impact onsensitive natural environments, cultural resources, agricultural lands and residential andcommercial areas (IFC guidelines - "Electric Power Transmission and Distribution")

iv. Around the tower positions the bush will be cleared for construction purposes, and theextent of clearing will depend on the type of tower that will be ised, which at this timehas not been determined.

v. Where possible, existing crops should be maintained.vi. Road reserve must not exceed 60m (Public Roads Act, Section 10).

12.5. CONDUCTORS

i. Minimum ground clearance of 400kV conductors must be 8. Im in unpopulated areas and9. lm in urban areas and road crossings.

ii. For river crossings, pilot wires must either be shot by a bow and arrow or flown across byhelicopter.



iii. Attempt to achieve a stringing distance of approximately 5-10km, in order to limit the

number of drum stations required.iv. For road crossings (i.e. over the M6) and over houses, temporary woodpole structures

must be erected so that the slack conductors rest on the wooden crossbars. This is to

prevent the conductors from resting on the road surface and being damawd by vehicles.

v. Any vegetation interfering with the conductor and which needs to be removed must be

identified before the stringing exercise commences.

12.6. REHABILITATION PROGRAMME

i ESCOM must develop a rehabilitation plan for all phases of the project during the final

design phase. The contractor will be required to be involved in the development of the

rehabilitation plan as the contractor must ensure that disturbed areas during construction

are stabilised and rehabilitated. The final design phase must include the recommendations

developed in the rehabilitation plan, and as a minimum, must allow for the following:a. All vegetation removal must be kept to a minimum to avoid unnecessary erosion.

b. Vegetation should be left as brush piles to form temporary refugia for displaced

fauna, and to also serve as seed banks for re-vegetation of disturbed areas.c. Rehabilitation must occur as soon as possible after construction is complete.

d. Vegetation containing natural resources used by communities should be

maintained as much as possible.e. Communities must be allowed to harvest wood from the servitude.f Design and planning must ensure:

Wildlife Society of Malawi is contacted for possible supply of Vetiver

grass spp.That topsoil will be stockpiled and used for rehabilitation.The seed mixtures will be balanced and every effort will be made to use

seeds and plants from the area to be rehabilitated.Rare, endangered and/or economically important plant populations will

be rescued from the construction areas and used in rehabilitation areas.No alien vegetation will be used in the rehabilitation of disturbed areas.A monitoring and alien eradication programme will form part of the

rehabilitation programme.ii. Plants for rehabilitation must include fruit trees, to be planted in suitable (ie. previously

disturbed) areas.iii. Areas suitable for cultivation of crops after construction should be demarcated and

surrounding communities made aware of these.iv. The use of herbicides must be carefully planned, controlled and monitored.

12.7. BORROW PITS

i Siting, use and rehabilitation of borrow pits must be in accordance with the Mines and

Minerals Act, 1982, of Malawi and with the International Finance Corporation's guidelines

contained in "Electric Power Transmission and Distribution".ii. Siting of borrow pits must take due cognisance of the environmental impacts that they may

have. Siting must be undertaken in conjunction with ESCOM's environmental consultants.

iii. Operation and closure plans (including rehabilitation) for each borrow pit must be drawn

up. Where:* The land is restored, to the extent practical and feasible, to conditions capable

of supporting prior land use, or uses that are equivalent to the prior land use.. Significant adverse effects on adjacent water resources are prevented or

remedied.* Topsoil is conserved and stockpiled for reclamation.



* Slopes greater than 300 must be contoured to minimise erosion and runoff.* Indigenous vegetation should be planted to prevent erosion.* Schedule and budget for pre- and post- abandonment reclamation activities.

12.8. LABOUR AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

i During the construction phase maximum utilisation of local Malawians is required forunskilled tasks e.g. for vegetation clearing.

ii. A skills audit or similar approach could be used to ensure that the construction phasemakes maximum use of Malawian skills.

iii. While the final design and construction contract does not cover the relocation andresettlement of villagers, the recommendations contained in the Resettlement PolicyFramework must be reviewed and the contractor must take cognisance of them in the finaldesign and planning process.

iv. If an employee residing on site is known to have a notifiable disease, it is ESCOM'sresponsibility to inform the closest health officer (Public Health Act, section 13).

12.9. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

i. The solid waste disposal system must ensure that waste is stored, compacted and removedfrom temporary sites daily and taken to the main site office, for sorting and disposal.

ii. Where possible, solid waste must be recycled.iii. Waste disposal sites must be enclosed (fenced) to prevent human and animal access.iv. An auditing system must be developed to ensure that construction wastes go to the correct

facility.v. Environmental clean up and disposal procedures must be implemented and maintained.

12.10. SEWAGE SYSTEM

i. The sewage system must be designed and managed in accordance with the WaterResources act, Malawi and IFC guidelines.

ii. Temporary facilities to be used along the route must be such that groundwater pollution isavoided and they must be cleaned regularly.

iii. The site office sewage system must be designed to have sufficient capacity to handleexpected waste during construction and not to pollute water sources.

iv. All on- site sewage must be reticulated to this system.v. A monitoring programme must be designed, which must include the regular monitoring of

the sewage system to ensure that the system is operating as designed.

12.11. BIRD FLIGHT DIVERTERS

i. The most suitable bird flight diverters (BFD) must be installed to increase the visibility ofthe power lines.

ii. Exact locations must be determined in consultation with ESCOM and their nominatedenvironmental representative during the final design phase.

iii. The spacing of BFD must be determined in consultation with specialists, but should beapproximately 5-1 Om in high risk areas i.e. along bird migration rovtes and river crossings.

12.12. FENCING SPECIFICATIONS

i The design phase must establish the "no go" areas and specific operational areas inconsultation with ESCOM's environmental consultants.

ii. Construction camps, eating, laydown and storage areas must all be temporarily fenced.



12.13. LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

i ESCOM must ensure they acquire land in accordance with the Land Act and the National

Land Policy (Electricity Act, 1981, Part V) and with the World Bank resettlement

guidelines.ii. Resettlement falls outside of the engineer's scope but cognisance must be given to the

RPF and the timing of the resettlement process.iii. It is likely that only one household, near Kasapa Village, will need to be resettled. The

Resettlement Policy Framework must be strictly adhered to and the contractor must be

aware of this locality to ensure the household is resettled prior to construction.

12.14. SUBSTATION

i The proposed substation at Phombeya will be approximately 15ha (500m x 300m).ii. All aspects i.e. agricultural lands, soil erosion, vegetation clearance must be included in

the design of the substation.

12.15. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

ia The construction phase should preferably commence between June-December to cause

the least disruption to the agricultural seasonal calendar.ii. Compensation must be provided during the period that affected people have inadequate

access to crops.iii. Temporary construction camps must be carefully placed and should be as few as

possible.iv. The construction phase should follow the following process:

* Bush and vegetation clearing under the line.* Route surveying/selection.* Line tower position pegging.* Site establishment.. Establishment of access to site through the construction access roads,

installation of servitude gates and rehabilitation of eroded landscape.* Excavation and casting of foundations.* Tower assembly on site and erection.* Tower dressing (preparation of insulators and hardware).* Conductor stringing and regulation.* Rehabilitation of areas affected by construction activities.* Final inspection and commissioning.



PART 4: CONSTRUCTIONENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN





13. INTRODUCTION

The fundamental aims of the construction EMP are to:i Ensure that construction activities associated with the power line construction and its

associated infrastructure are carefully managed to ensure that impacts on theenvironment are kept to a minimum and the benefits are maximised.

ii. To provide the potential contractor with enough information early on in the processso that they can adequately cost the environmental specifications. Only throughcosting and allowing for environmental management will any impacts associatedwith the construction phase be reduced and benefits maximised.

14. STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS

This standard environmental specifications contains "on the ground" specifications which willneed to be complied with by the contractor and must be included in the tender documents aswell and the final contract documents. The standard specifications are relevant to all projectcomponents. The specifications are broken into a number of different sections.

Prior to set up of the construction camp, a layout plan of the proposed construction camp isrequired, approved by the E-EHSC, RE and ESO is required.

14.1. AWARENESS AND TRAINING

The contractor will be required to employ as much local Malawian labour as possible. In order tomaxinise the benefits and practicalities of this requirement, the contractor must at the pre-construction stage and during construction implement intensive training courses for local labour.This training course will need to be provided to the Resident Engineer (RE) and ESO for approvalprior to the initiation of the programme.

Staff will also be required to undertake an intensive environmental awareness training programme.Details are given in Section 22.

14.2. PRO FORMA: PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The "Pro Forma: Protection of the Environment" document, which must be completed by thesuccessful contractor before they are allowed onto the site, is outlined in Appendix 4.

14.3. ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

A procedure for managing environmental incidents must be developed by the contractor andthe engineer, and must follow specific Hazard and Incident Reporting Protocols. A reportmust be completed for all incidents, and appropriate action taken where necessary to minimiseany potential impacts. The EAD must be informed of any environmental incident, inaccordance with legislative requirements.

Notification of an incident or emergency will include the following:Description of the incident.

* The location of the emergency or incident.* The name and telephone number of the designated contact person.* The time of the emergency or incident.* The suspected cause of the emergency or incident.* The environmental harm and/or environmental nuisance caused, or suspected to be

caused, by the emergency or incident.



The action taken to prevent future occurrence of the incident and mitigate anyharm and/or environmental nuisance caused by the emergency or incident.

A procedure for reporting environmental complaints from the affected community and

employees must be developed prior to the onset of construction activities.

14.4. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

An emergency response programme/preparedness plan must be finalised by the contractor

before any major site activities take place. This must be developed in accordance withindustry best practice. Individual emergency preparedness plans will be required for variousaspects of the operation, and the approach to reporting and responding to emergencies must be

based on best practice principles, e.g. ISO 14001 requirements.

14.5. MATERIALS

14.5.1. MATERIALS HANDLING, USE AND STORAGE

i. The contractor shall ensure that any delivery drivers are informed of all procedures

and restrictions (including "no go" areas) required to comply with the specifications.

ii. The contractor shall ensure that these delivery drivers are supervised during off-loading, by someone with an adequate understanding of the requirements of the

specifications.iii. Materials shall be appropriately secured to ensure safe passage between destinations.

Loads including, but not limited to sand, stone chip, fine vegetation, refuse, paper andcement, shall have appropriate cover to prevent them spilling from the vehicle duringtransit.

iv. The contractor shall be responsible for any clean-up resulting from the failure by his

employees or suppliers to properly secure transported materials.

v. All manufactured and/or imported material shall be stored within the contractor'scamp, and preferably out of the rain.

vi. All lay down areas outside of the construction camp shall be subject to the RE, BEHSC's and ESO's approval, which shall not be withheld unreasonably.

vii. Imported materials shall be free of weeds, litter and contaminants, and sources ofimported material shall be listed and approved by the RE, E-EHSC's and ESO's.

viii. If requested, the contractor shall provide samples to the RE, E-EHSC's and ESO's for

approval.

14.5.2. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

i Hazardous chemical substances used during construction shall be stored in secondarycontainers.

ii. The relevant Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) must be available on site.Procedures detailed in the MSDS must be followed in the event of an emergency

situation.iii. If potentially hazardous substances are to be stored on site, the contractor shall provide

a Method Statement to the RE, E-EHSC's and ESO's, detailing the

substances/materials to be used, together with the storage, handling and disposalprocedures of the materials.

iv. No paint products may be disposed of on site and brush/roller wash facilities shall beestablished to the satisfaction of the RE, E-EHSC's and ESO's. Oil based paints and

chemical additives and cleaners such as thinners and turpentine shall be strictly



controlled. A Method Statement, approved by the RE, E-EHSC's and ESO's, isrequired.

14.6. PLANT AND RELATED INFRASTRUCTURE

14.6.1. PLANT

i. All plant brought onto site and stored on site must be kept in good working order e.g.concrete trucks, mechanical vibrators, mobile crane, light and heavy vehicles,excavator, air compressor, pneumatic jackhammer, winches and stringing machinery.

ii. Handling of plant must also comply with Malawi's Public Roads Act, Section 41.

14.6.2. FUEL (PETROL AND DIESEL) AND OIL

Fuel stored on site must comply with Malawi's Occupational Safety, Health and Welfare Act,1977 and the IFC guidelines and the following specifications:

i The fuel storage area shall be located in an area approved by the RE, ESEHSC's andESO, and must not be located in or less than 100m from the following areas:

a. Sensitive environments e.g. areas containing large indigenous trees e.g. baobaband tamarind and thick woodland habitats.

b. Watercoursesc. Residential areas

ii. The contractor shall ensure that all liquid fuels (petrol and diesel) are stored in tankswith lids, which are kept firmly shut.

iii. The tanks shall be situated on a smooth impermeable surface (plastic or concrete) basewith an earth bund (plastic must have sand on top to prevent perishing). Theimpermeable lining shall extend to the crest of the bund and the volume inside thebund shall be 110% times the total capacity of all the storage tanks. The floor of thebund shall be sloped towards an oil trap or sump to enable any spilled fuel and/or fuelsoaked water to be removed, or the bunded area shall be covered.

iv. The contractor shall keep fuel under lock and key at all times.v. No smoking shall be allowed in tlr vicinity of the stores.

vi. Only empty and externally clean tanks may be stored on the bare ground. All emptyand externally dirty tanks shall be sealed and stored on an area where the ground hasbeen protected. In addition, if fuel is dispensed from 200 litre drums, the properdispensing equipment shall be used, and the drum shall not be tipped in order todispense fuel. The dispensing mechanism of the fuel storage tank shall be stored in awaterproof container when not in use.

vii. Symbolic safety signs depicting "No Smoking", "No Naked Lights" and "Danger"are to be provided, and are to conform to local standards. The volume capacity of thetank shall be displayed.

viii. The product contained within the tank shall be clearly identified, using an appropriateemergency information system.

ix. Any electrical or petroldriven pump shall be equipped and positioned so as not tocause any danger of ignition of the product.

x. Areas for storage of fuels and other flammable materials shall comply with standardfire safety regulations.

xi. The contractor shall ensure that there is adequate fire-fighting equipment at the fuelstores.

Fuel storage tanks must comply with the following:1. Temporary above ground storage tanks may be permitted at the discretion of the RE, based on

the merit of the situation, provided that the following requirements are complied with:



a. A plan shall be drawn up and shall be acceptable to the RE and must contain the

following information:* the scale,

the number and the quantity of the tanks,the position of the tanks in relation to the boundary, other flamnmable or

combustible materials, etc.,the size and construction materials used for the bund,the product to be kept in the tank, and

* any other information relevant to the situation.b. The storage tank shall not have a capacity exceeding 4 OOOt and shall not be used for the

storage of liquids other than those with a flash point in excess of 40 C.

c. The storage tank shall not be on the premises for longer than 6 months.d. All such tanks to be designed and constructed in accordance with a recognised code.

e. The rated capacity of such a tank shall provide sufficient capacity to permit expansion

of the product contained therein by the rise in temperature during storage.

f The tank shall be erected at least 3.5 metres from buildings, boundaries and any other

combustible or flammable materials.g. Adequate precautions shall be provided to prevent spillage during the filling of any tank.

2. If larger capacity tanks are required or the tank is to be a permanent installation, then an

acceptable rational design based on a relevant national or international code or standard shall

be submitted to the RE for approval.

Where reasonably practical, plant shall be refuelled at a depot. If it is not reasonably practical

then the surface under the refuelling area shall be protected against pollution to the reasonable

satisfaction of the RE and BEHSC prior to any refuelling activities. The contractor shall

ensure that there is always a supply of absorbent material readily available to

absorb/breakdown, and where possible be designed to encapsulate minor hydrocarbon

spillage. The quantity of such materials shall be able to handle a minimum of 200 of

hydrocarbon liquid spill. This material must be approved by the RE and E-EHSC prior to any

refuelling or maintenance activities.

14.6.3. ABLUTION FACILITIES

i. Washing, whether of the person or of personal effects, and acts of excretion and

urination are strictly prohibited other than at the facilities provided.

ii. The E.EHSC and ESO shall approve the exact location of the toilets prior to

establishment.iii. The contractor shall ensure that the toilets are serviced regularly and that no

spillage occurs when the toilets are cleaned or emptied.

iv. Discharge of waste from toilets into the environment and burial of waste is

strictly prohibited.v. Provision shall be made for employee facilities including: shelter, toilets and

washing facilities.vi. Sanitation facilities shall be located within 1OOm from any point of work, but not

closer than 50m to any water body.vii. Toilet facilities supplied by the contractor for the workers shall occur at a

maximum ratio of 1 toilet per 15 workers. Combinations of urinal and pan type

units shall be carefully considered. These facilities shall be maintained in a

hygienic state and serviced regularly. Toilet paper shall be provided.

viii. The contractor shall ensure that the entrances to toilets are adequately screened

from public view.



14.6.4. EATING AREAS

i The contractor shall designate an eating area for his employees, which will beapproved by the E-EHSC and ESO.

ii. The contractor shall provide bins with lids in this area.iii. Any cooking on site shall be done in well-maintained cooking areas with fire

extinguishers present and must be approved by the E-EHSC and ESO.iv. The feeding or leaving of food for wild animals is strictly prohibited.

14.6.5. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

i. No on-site burying or dumping of any waste materials, vegetation, litter or refuse shalloccur.

ii. A recycling programme should be implemented.iii. All solid waste shall be disposed of off-site at the designated disposal site.iv. The contractor shall set up a solid waste control and removal system and a Method

Statement is required in this regard. The system shall comply with the followingdetailed requirements.

Dumpingi. Receipts for hazardous waste disposal shall be copied to the E- EHSC.

ii. Any proposal to dispose of vegetation cuttings, tree trunks or building waste productssuch as rubble or asphalt or similar products as part of backfill or landscape shapingshall require a Method Statement.

Litter and refusei. Waste and litter shall be disposed of into scavenger- and weather-proof bins. The

contractor shall then remove the refuse collected from the working areas from site atleast once a week.

ii. Waste sites shall be fenced to limit access and prevent litter from being dispersed by thewind.

iii. The contractor shall make provision for workers to clean up the contractor's camp andworking areas at least once a week.

Litter and oil trapsi. Refuse screens and oil traps shall be installed at runoff concentration points from large

parking facilities, wash bays, stormwater outlets, inlets to detention ponds, workshopforecourt drainage points, ablution and eating areas.

ii. These facilities shall be serviced and monitored at the discretion of the E-EHSC.

Contaminated waterThe Contractor shall set up a contaminated water management system, and a MethodStatement is required in this regard. The Method Statement shall state the collection facilitiesthat are to be used to prevent pollution, as well as the method of disposal of the contaminatedwater.

The contractor shall notify the RE, E-EHSC and ESO immediately of any pollution incidentson site.

Washing areasi. Wash areas shall be placed and constructed in such a manner so as to ensure that the

surrounding areas, which include groundwater, are not polluted.



ii. A Method Statement shall be required for all wash areas where hydrocarbon, hazardous

materials and pollutants are expected to be used. This includes, but is not limited to,

vehicle washing, workshop wash bays, paint wash and cleaning.iii. Wash areas for domestic use shall ensure that the disposal of contaminated "grey" water is

sanctioned by the E-EHSC.

Generali The Contractor shall prevent discharge of any pollutants, such as cements, concrete,

lime, chemicals and fuels into any water sources (Water Resources Act, Section 16).

ii. Runoff from fuel depots/workshops/truck washing areas and concrete swills shall be

directed into a conservancy tank and disposed off at a site approved by the E-EHSC.iii. The contaminated water, contaminated runoff, or effluent may also require analysis

prior to disposal.

14.6.6. DUST

i The contractor shall be solely responsible for the control of dust and for any costs

against ESCOM for damages resulting from dust.ii. The contractor shall take all reasonable measures to minimise the generation of dust as a

result of construction activities to the satisfaction of the RE and E-EHSC.iii. Removal of vegetation shall be avoided until such time as soil stripping is required, and

similarly exposed surfaces shall be re-vegetated or stabilised as soon as is practically

possible.iv. Excavation, handling and transport of erodible materials shall be avoided under high

wind conditions or when a visible dust plume is present.v. During high wind conditions, the RE or BEHSC will evaluate the situation and make

recommendations as to whether dust-damping measures are adequate, or whether

working will cease altogether until the wind speed drops to an acceptable level.

vi. Where possible, soil stockpiles shall be located in sheltered areas where they are not

exposed to the erosive effects of the wind. Where erosion of stockpiles becomes a

problem, erosion control measures shall be implemented at the discretion of the RE, E-

EHSC or ESO.vii. Haulage vehicle speeds shall not exceed 50km/h along dust roads.viii. Appropriate dust suppression measures shall be used when dust generation is

unavoidable, e.g. dampening with water, particularly during prolonged periods of dry

weather. Such measures shall also include the use of temporary stabilising measures

(e.g. chemical soil binders, straw, brush packs, chipping etc.).

14.6.7. LIGHTS

i The contractor shall ensure that any lighting installed on the site for his activities does

not interfere with road traffic or cause a reasonably avoidable disturbance to the

surrounding community or other users of the area.

ii. Where the RE has authorised night work, low lux and frequency lighting shall be used.

14.6.8. WORKSHOP, EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE

Where practical, all maintenance of equipment and vehicles on site shall be performed in the

workshop. If it is necessary to do maintenance outside of the workshop area, the contractor

shall obtain the approval of the E- EHSC prior to commencing activities.Workshops

i. The Contractor shall ensure that in his workshop and other plant maintenance facilities,including those areas where, after obtaining the E-EHSC's approval, the contractor



carries out emergency plant maintenance, there is no contamination of the soil orvegetation.

ii. The contractor shall ensure the workshop is kept neat and clean at all times.iii. The workshop shall have a smooth impernrable (concrete or thick plastic covered with

sand) floor. The floor shall be bunded and sloped towards an oil trap or sump to containany spillages of substances (e.g. oil).

iv. Refuse and waste storage areas shall be positioned away from buildings.v. All vehicles and equipment shall be kept in good working order and serviced regularly.

Leaking equipment shall be repaired immediately or removed from the site.vi. The washing of equipment shall be restricted to urgent or preventative maintenance

requirements only. All washing shall be undertaken in the workshop or maintenanceareas, and these areas must be equipped with a suitable impermeable floor and sump/oiltrap. The use of detergents for washing shall be restricted to low phosphate and nitratecontaining and low sudsing-type detergents.

Drip trays and bundingi. Drip trays shall be inspected and emptied daily, and serviced when necessary. In

particular drip trays shall be closely monitored during rain events to ensure that they donot overflow.

ii. All repairs done on machinery using hydrocarbons as fuels or lubricants shall have adrip tray placed strategically to avoid incidental spillage.

iii. When servicing equipment, drip trays shall be used to collect the waste oil and otherlubricants. Drip trays shall also be provided in construction areas for stationary plant(such as compressors) and for "parked" plant (such as scrapers, loaders, vehicles).

iv. All static plant shall be located within a bunded area. The bunded area shall have asmooth impermeable surface (plastic) with an earth bund. The impermeable materialshall extend to the crest of the earth bund. The floor of the bunded area shall be slopedtowards an oil trap or sump to enable incidental spillage to be removed.

Noisei. The contractor shall limit noise levels (e.g. install and maintain silencers on machinery).

ii. Noise shall be kept to World Bank standards.iii. Appropriate directional and intensity settings are to be maintained on all hooters and

sirens.iv. No amplified music shall be allowed on site. The use of radios, tape recorders, compact

disc players, television sets etc. shall not be permitted unless the volume is keptsufficiently low as to avoid any intrusion on members of the public within range.

v. The contractor shall not use sound amplification equipment on site unless in emergencysituations.

vi. Construction activities generating significant noise near the villages shall be confined tothe hours 06hOO to 21hOO.

14.7. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

14.7.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

Environmental Awareness Coursei. Before any work is commenced on the site, the contractor's site management staff,

including foremen, shall attend an environmental awareness training course.ii. The contractor shall liaise with the RE, ESO and EEHSC prior to the commencement

date to fix a date and venue for the courses.iii. The ESO should prepare and present the course.



iv. The course must be prepared in an appropriate manner, taking due cognisance of thelevels of literacy in the area.

v. The information presented at the course shall be communicated to all the Contractor's

employees and sub-contractor's employees. Any supplier's employees that spend more

than one day a week or four days in a month on site must attend an Environmental

Awareness Training course presented by the contractor within three weeks of the

commencement date. Any new employees coming onto site after the initial course must

have the course repeated to them.vi. The contractor shall ensure that all attendees sign an attendance register, and shall

provide the EEHSC with a copy of the attendance register the day after each course.

vii. No more than 20 people shall attend each course at any one time.viii. Within seven days from the commencement date, the contractor shall ensure that the

first course/s is/are held for as many of the employees that are available at this time.

ix. A refresher course will be given at an interval decided on by the E-EHSC and

contractor, and will depend on the contractor's performance.x. A Method Statement with respect to this shall be submitted.

Environmental Awareness Postersi. The contractor shall erect ard maintain a laminated A3 construction personnel

information poster for the information of his employees, depicting actions to be taken to

ensure compliance with aspects of the specifications.ii. The contractor shall also maintain a laminated A2 information pIster in other areas

outside of the construction area for members of the general public containing

background information for the construction activity and listing the relevant contact

details for complaints.iii. Such posters will need to depict these actions graphically/visually whenever possible.

14.7.2. SITE DIVISION

The contractor shall restrict all his activities, materials, equipment and personnel to

within the work areas specified during the final design stage.

A Method Statement detailing the layout and method of establishment of the constructioncamp (including all buildings, hostels, offices, lay down yards, vehicle wash areas, fuel

storage areas, batching areas and other infrastructure required for the running of the project)

must be provided. The site layout shall take cognisance of access for deliveries and services,

and future works. Likely disturbance to neighbours as well as security implications shall be

considered.

14.7.3. SITE DEMARCATION

The contractor shall erect and maintain permanent and/or temporary fences of the type and in

the locations directed by the RE. Such fences shall, if so specified, be erected before

undertaking designated activities.

Generali The boundaries of the proposed construction camps and must be defined during final

design in conjunction with ESCOM and must be fenced during the pre-constructionphase.

ii. The contractor shall maintain the demarcation fence for the duration of the contract.iii. Other temporary construction areas (drum stations, tower construction sites etc) should

be demarcated with danger tape and have symbolic danger signs and an information

poster.



FencingAll construction sites must be fenced using the following fencing specifications:

"Temporary fences shall consist of metal or wooden standards at 20m centre, withthree wooden droppers between the standards. A minimum of 3 plain wire strandsshall be tensioned horizontally, the lowest strand being at a height of 500mm aboveaverage ground level and the highest being at 1.2m. Mesh or bonnex type fencing of1.2m in height shall be secured to the wire strands and posts."

Temporary construction areas should be fenced using the following safety fencing:"Temporary fences should consist of wooden or metal posts at 3m centres with 1 plainwire strand tensioned horizontally at 900mm from ground level. Commerciallyavailable danger tape shall be wrapped around the wire strand. The contractor shallmaintain the fence for the duration of the contract and ensure that the danger tape doesnot become dislodged and cause litter."

Solid waste disposal sites shall be fenced with:"Diamond mesh or bonnex fence with a minimum height of 1.8m."

14.7.4. "NO GO" AREAS

Certain areas shall be "no go" areas. These are areas containing sensitive habitats and publicproperty. The contractor shall ensure that, in so far as he has the authority, no person,machinery, equipment or material enters the "no go" areas at any time.

1. A map indicating "no go" areas must be drawn up during final design.2. The contractor shall ensure that where possible all "no go" areas are demarcated

according to the specifications given in "site demarcation". Where site demarcation isnot possible, which is likely for much of the area due to the linear nature of the route,"no-go" areas shall be clearly defined in simple terms to ensure all staff can recognisethem (e.g. wetlands), and they should be described during the environmentalawareness course.

3. No unauthorised entry, stockpiling, dumping or storage of equipment or materialsshall be allowed within the demarcated "no go" areas.

4. "No go" areas will include:a. The northern boundary (unfenced) of the Majete Game Reserve.b. Wetlands (e.g. upper Lipongwe River catchment) and wooded habitats (e.g.

Thambani Forest Reserve).c. Wooded habitatsd. Villages (except roads).e. Gazetted Forest Reserves (Masatwe South and Nkula)

Tree protectioni. All trees (e.g. baobab and tamarind) that are to be retained are to be clearly indicated

and demarcated.ii. Trees to be demarcated shall be clearly marked under the supervision of the BEHSC

and the ESO. Marking techniques include danger tape, paint, strapping and pegs.iii. Demarcation shall remain in place for the duration of works on site. If damaged,

demarcation shall be repaired or replaced immediately.

Natural/special featuresi. Outcrops, rock faces, trees and natural ve getation or any other natural or special features

inside and outside the site, shall not be defaced, painted for benchmarks or otherwise


Coastal & Environmental Services: Malawi Intercommector

damaged, even for survey purposes, without the prior approval of the E-EHSC and ESO.These features shall be demarcated as "no go" areas and may require fencing or similarprotection measures, as determined by the E-EHSC and ESO.

ii. Special features shall be marked on a site layout plan prior to any works commencing onsite. These areas may be designated "no go" areas.

14.7.5. ACCESS ROADS

The contractor shall control the movement of all vehicles and plant (including that of his

suppliers) so that they remain on designated routes, are distributed so as not to cause an undueconcentration of traffic and that all relevant laws are complied with. In addition, such vehiclesand plant shall be so routed and operated as to minimise disruption to regular users of the

routes not on the site.

Access and maintenance roadsi. Access to the campsite and works area shall utilise existing roads or tracks where

possible.ii. Two weeks notice is required prior to the creation of a detour.

iii. All detours must be rehabilitated as soon as possible after use.iv. Traffic safety measures, to the satisfaction of the E-EHSC, shall be considered in

determining entry/exit onto public roads and in areas around villages, and a Method

Statement shall be produced to this effect.v. All temporary access routes shall be rehabilitated to the satisfaction of the E-EHSC and

ESO and a Method Statement is required in this regard.vi. The contractor shall erect and maintain marker pegs along the boundaries of the access

roads or paths, to the satisfaction of the E}EHSC, before commencing any other work inorder to prevent unauthorised movement of persons or vehicles outside access road

servitudes. Should the contractor not exercise sufficient control to restrict all work to thearea within the marker boundaries, these areas shall require fencing at the discretion of

the E-EHSC.vii. The movement of any vehicles and/or personnel outside of the designated working areas

shall not be permitted without the written authorisation of the E-EHSC.viii. Mud and sand deposited onto public roads through vehicle entrainment shall be cleared

regularly.ix. Upgrading of the access roads shall be undertaken within the existing confines of the

road, unless otherwise agreed with the E-EHSC. The contractor shall submit a MethodStatement outlining the proposed method of upgrading, for approval by the RE prior to

commencing activities.x. Should new access roads or tracks be required, then the contractor shall provide a

Method Statement showing the proposed route.xi. Any materials used for layerworks shall be approved by the RE prior to the activity

commencing.

Road maintenancei Damage to the existing access roads as a result of construction activities shall be

repaired to the satisfaction of the RE, using material similar to that originally used. Thecost of the repairs shall be borne by the contractor.

ii. Appropriate traffic warning signs shall be maintained. Trained and equipped flagmenshall be used where the access road intersects with any public roads.

14.7.6. FIRE CONTROL

i. No fires may be lit on site.



ii. Any fires that occur shall be reported to the E-EHSC immediately.iii. Smoking shall not be permitted in those areas where it is a fire hazard. Such areas shall

include the workshop and fuel storage areas and any areas where the vegetation or othermaterial is such as to make liable the rapid spread of an initial flame.

iv. Burning is not permitted as a disposal method, unless authorised by the E-EHSC. Theappropriate safety equipment must be available.

v. The Contractor shall appoint a Fire Officer who shall be responsible for ensuringimmediate and appropriate actions in the event of a fire and shall ensure that employeesare aware of the procedure to be followed. The contractor shall forward the name of theFire Officer to the FEEHSC for his approval.

vi. The contractor shall ensure that there is basic fire fighting equipment available on site atall times. This shall include rubber beaters and at least one fre extinguisher of theappropriate type when welding or other "hot" activities are undertaken.

vii. The Contractor shall supply all living quarters, site offices, kitchen areas, workshopareas, materials, stores and any other areas identified by the BEHSC with tested andapproved fire fighting equipment.

viii. A braai (barbeque) facility may be considered at the discretion of the E-EHSC. The areashall be away from flammable stores. All events shall be under management supervisionand a fire extinguisher shall be immediately available.

14.7.7. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

The contractor shall submit Method Statements covering the procedures for the followingemergencies:

Electrocution* Strict procedures for de-energising and checking of electrical equipment must be in place

before any maintenance work is conducted.* In cases where maintenance work has to be performed on energised equipment, a strict

safety procedure must be in place and work must be performed under constantsupervision.

* Personnel training must be conducted in revival techniques for electrocution.* Authorities must be notified of any injury caused by electrical equipment (Occupational

Safety, Health and Welfare Act, 1997).

FireThe contractor shall advise the ESO of a fire as soon as one starts and shall not wait until hecan no longer control it. The Contractor shall ensure that his employees are aware of theprocedure to be followed in the event of a fire.

Accidental leaks and spillagesThe contractor shall ensure that his employees are aware of the procedure to be followed fordealing with spills and leaks, which shall include notifying the ESO and RE and the relevantauthorities. The contractor shall ensure that the necessary materials and equipment for dealingwith spills and leaks is available on site at all times. Treatment and remediation of the spillareas shall be undertaken to the reasonable satisfaction of the E-EHSC and ESO.

Waste water treatment worksA Method Statement shall be drawn up by the contractor on the protocols to be followed, andcontingencies in place, in the event of an accidental leak, spillage or overflow of raw



wastewater, semi-treated wastewater, sludge or final effluent, as a direct or indirect result of

construction activities.

The contractor shall ensure that his staff and the gaff of sub-contractors are aware of the

procedure to be followed for dealing with spills and leaks, which shall include notifying the

ESO. The contractor shall ensure that the necessary materials and equipment for dealing with

spills and leaks are present on site at all times. The clean-up of spills and any damage caused

by the spill or leak shall be for the contractor's account.

Hydrocarbon spillsi An approved Method Statement for spillage treatment is required.

ii. The site shall have a supply of absorbent material readily available to absorb any

emergency hydrocarbon spills, and where possible be designed to encapsulate minor

hydrocarbon spillage. The quantity of such materials shall be able to absorb / deal with a

minimum of 200 of hydrocarbon liquid spill.iii. Treatment and remediation of spill areas shall be undertaken to the satisfaction of the

ESO.iv. The source of the spillage shall be isolated.v. The contractor shall contain the spillage using sand berms, sandbags, pre-made booms,

sawdust or absorbent materials.

14.7.8. STORMWATER CONTROLS

i The contractor must take note of Sections 18 & 19 of Malawi's Public Roads Act and

Legislation 4c of the Water Resources Act.ii. The contractor shall take reasonable measures to control the erosive effects of

stormwater runoff.iii. The contractor shall use siltscreens to prevent overland flowing water from causing

erosion, in areas where the erosion hazard is high.iv. The use of straw bales as filters which are placed across overland stormwater flows shall

be used as an erosion protection measure.v. The contractor shall be liable for any damage to downstream areas caused by the

diversion of overland stormwater flows.

14.7.9. ACCESS TO SITE

i. The contractor shall ensure that access to the various work sites and associated

infrastructure and equipment is off-limits to the public (and especially children) at all

times during construction.ii. Additional areas restricted to the public and suggested detours shall be clearly marked

on the information boards to the satisfaction of the ESO.iii. It should be noted that access routes for the local villagers between the various work

sites must be maintained.iv. Any access to site that may pose a danger to the public must be suitably provided with

warnings.

14.7.10.ASPHALT, BITUMEN AND PAVING2

i Over spray of bitumen products outside of any road surface and onto roadside

vegetation shall be prevented using a method approved by the ESO.ii. Bitumen drums / products shall be stored in an area approved by the ESO. This area

shall be indicated on the construction camp layout plan. The storage area shall have a

2 CES are not clear if this specification is relevant.



smooth impermeable (concrete or thick plastic covered in sand) floor. The floor shall bebunded and sloped towards a sump to contain any spillages of substances.

iii. When heating bitumen products, the contractor shall take cognisance of appropriate firerisk controls.

iv. Stone chip/gravel excess shall not be left on road/paved area verges. This shall beswept/raked into piles and removed to an area approved by the ESO .

v. Milled or cut out bitumen shall be removed to an area approved by the ESO.vi. Water quality from runoff from newly/fresh bitumen surfaces shall be monitored by the

E-EHSC and remedial actions taken where necessary.vii. Appropriate fire fighting equipment shall be readily available.

14.7.11. BLASTING

i. A Method Statement shall be required for any blasting related activities.ii. All laws and regulations applicable to blasting activities shall be adhered to at all times.

iii. A qualified and registered blaster shall supervise all blasting and rock splittingoperations at all times.

iv. The contractor shall ensure that appropriate pre-blast monitoring records are in place(i.e. photographic and inspection records of structures in close proximity to the blastarea).

v. The contractor shall take necessary precautions to prevent damage to special featuresand the general environment, which includes the removal of fly-rock. Environmentaldamage caused by blasting / drilling shall be repaired at the contractor's expense to thesatisfaction of the E-EHSC.

vi. The contractor shall ensure that adequate warning is provided immediately prior to allblasting. All signals shall also be clearly given.

vii. The contractor shall use blast mats for cover material during blasting. Topsoil may notbe used as blast cover.

viii. During demolition the contractor shall ensure, where possible, that trees in the area arenot damaged.

ix. At least one week prior to blasting, the relevant occupants/owners of surrounding landshall be notified by the contractor and any concerns addressed. Buildings within thepotential damaging zone of the blast shall be surveyed, preferably with the ownerpresent, and any cracks or latent defects pointed out and recorded either usingphotographs or video. Failing to do so shall render the contractor fully liable for anyclaim of whatsoever nature that may arise. The contractor shall indemnify the ESCOMin this regard.

14.7.12.BORROW PITS AND QUARRIES

i All borrow pit sites shall be clearly indicated on a plan.ii. Prior to the onset of any quarrying or borrow pit activities, the contractor shall

establish from the E-EHSC whether the borrow pit or quarry falls within theservitude authorised by the EIA.

iii. Only single lane access for construction vehicles shall be provided at borrow pit andquarry sites. New access roads require approval by the E-EHSC.

iv. Stormwater and groundwater controls shall be implemented.v. Machinery, fuels and hazardous materials vulnerable to flooding shall be stored out

of flood risk areas.vi. Vehicles leaving borrow pits shall not deposit/shed mud, sand and debris onto any

public road.



vii. Borrow pits that, in the opinion of the ESO represent a safety hazard, shall be fencedto prevent unauthorised persons and vehicles from entering the area. Fences shallalso be stock proof.

viii. Borrow pit sites must be rehabilitated to the satisfaction of the RE, ESO and E-EHSC.

ix. The contractor shall ensure that blasted faces of the pit shall be shape-blasted to theapproval of the RE.

x. Where required, dust and fly-rock prevention methods shall be detailed in a Method

Statement to be approved by the RE.xi. During the rehabilitation of borrow bits, the slope of the borrow pit shall be graded

to blend with the natural terrain and be stabilised to prevent erosion.

14.7.13.CULVERTS

i. The contractor shall ensure that provision is made to facilitate continuity of base

water flow at all times during construction of these features.ii. Reduction of baseline water quality by construction actions/activities must be

prevented.iii. Water quality monitoring regimes may need to be established prior to the onset of

any major construction activities within watercourses.iv. No watercourse or stream may be diverted, dammed or modified without the

approval of the ESO.v. Where stream diversion is required, the contractor shall submit a Method Statement

to the ESO, E-EHSC and RE for approval prior to commencing construction.

Following construction, all diverted streams shall be reinstated to the satisfaction ofthe ESO.

14.7.14.CEMENT AND CONCRETE BATCHING

Locationi. Concrete shall not be mixed directly on the ground.

ii. The concrete batching activity shall be located in an area of low environmentalsensitivity to be identified and approved by the RE, ESO and E-EHSC.

iii. The permitted location of the batching plant (including the location of cement storesand sand and aggregate stockpiles) shall be indicated on the site layout plan andapproved by the RE, ESO and E-EHSC. A Method Statement indicating the layout

and preparation of this facility is required in this regard.

Maintenancei. All wastewater resulting from batching of concrete shall be disposed of via the

wastewater management system.ii. The cement/concrete batching works shall be kept reat and clean at all times. No

batching activities shall occur on unprotected substratum of any kind.

iii. Unused cement bags are to be stored so as not to be effected by rain or runoff events.iv. Used bags shall be stored in weatherproof containers to prevent wind blown cement

dust and water contamination. Used bags shall be disposed of on a regular basis via

the solid waste management system, and shall not be used for any other purpose.v. Concrete transportation shall not result in spillage.

vi. Cleaning of equipment and flushing of mixers shall not result in pollution of thesurrounding environment: care shall be taken to collect contaminated wash waterfrom cleaning activities and dispose of it in a manner approved by the ESO. To

prevent spillage onto roads, ready mix trucks shall rinse off the delivery shoot into asuitable sump prior to leaving site.



vii. Suitable screening and containment shall be in place to prevent wind blowncontamination associated with bulk cement silos, loading and batching.

viii. With respect to exposed aggregate finishes, the contractor shall collect allcontaminated water and fines and store it in sumps for disposal at an approved wastesite.

ix. All visible remains of excess concrete shall be physically removed on completion ofthe plaster or concrete pour section and disposed off. Washing the remains into theground is not acceptable. All excess aggregate shall also be removed.

14.7.15.CRANE OPERATIONS

i. Drive plants shall be well maintained and drip trays shall be positioned at potentialleak areas.

ii. Over-greasing of crane cables shall be avoided.iii. The positioning and direction of lighting associated with crane operations shall not

cause a nuisance to the surrounding communities or users of the area.iv. Movement and lifting of hazardous materials shall be undertaken such that they do

not cause pollution, spillage or a safety risk (in particular where concrete buckets arein use).

14.7.16.CRUSHING

i. Main crusher box and conveyor belt heads are to be fitted with fine jet sprinklerheads to minimise dust, and pre- and post-crush stockpiles shall be managed tominimise dust.

ii. The positioning of the crusher plant shall take cognisance of noise nuisance, andshall be restricted to borrow pit sites.

iii. All crushing plant machinery shall have drip trays and all fuels and oils required forthe crusher infrastructure shall be stored in the fuel store, if one is present on site, orin an appropriately bunded and secured area.

iv. The site of the crusher shall be fenced and sign-posted, and access to allunauthorised persons and vehicles shall be strictly prohibited.

14.7.17.DRILLING AND JACKHAMMERING

i. The contractor shall submit a Method Statement detailing his proposals to preventpollution during drilling operations. This shall be approved by the E-EHSC prior tothe onset of any drilling operations.

ii. The contractor shall take all reasonable measures to limit dust generation as a resultof drilling operations.

iii. Noise and dust nuisances shall comply with the applicable standards.iv. The contractor shall ensure that no pollution results from drilling operatiors, either

as a result of oil and fuel drips, or from drilling fluid.v. All affected parties shall be informed at least one week prior to the onset of the

proposed drilling/jackhammering operations, and their concerns addressed.vi. Any areas or structures damaged by the drilling and associated activities shall be

rehabilitated by the contractor to the satisfaction of the E-EHSC.

14.7.18. EARTHWORKS

i. The excavation of any material on site shall be done in accordance with applicablestandards.

ii. All earthworks shall be undertaken in such a manner so as to minimise the extent ofany impacts caused by such activities.



iii. Any soil removed during earthworks e.g. excavations for tower foundations, must beremoved and replaced in the same order in which it is found.

iv. Defined access routes to and from the area of operation as well as around the area of

operation shall be detailed in a Method Statement for approval by the E-EHSC.v. No equipment associated with the activity shall be allowed outside of these areas

unless expressly permitted by the RE or E-EHSC.

14.7.19.POWER TOOLS

The contractor shall take preventative measures, such as screening, muffling, dust control,

timing and pre-notification of affected parties shall be implemented to minimise complaintsregarding dust, noise and vibration nuis ances.

14.7.20.PUMPING AND SUMPING

i. Pumps shall be placed over a drip tray in order to prevent fuel spills and leaks from

contaminating the water in the pumped area.ii. Contaminated water may not be discharged into existing watercourses or streams,

and a Method Statement approved by the ESO and RE for discharge of this

contaminated water shall be required.iii. Silt-laden water shall be cleaned by ensuring that the overland flow of water

disperses widely through vegetation.iv. Silt-laden water shall be cleaned by tying a geotextile sock on the delivery pipe of

the pump. Other filtration methods may be used and shall be approved by the ESO.

14.7.21.RETAINING WALLS AND GABIONS

i. Rocks for use in gabion baskets/reno mattresses shall be obtained from a source

approved by the RE and ESO.

14.7.22.ROCK BREAKING

i. Mechanical methods of rock breaking, including montibird type breakers,

jackhammers and "boulder busting", have noise and dust impacts that shall be

addressed. Boulder buster use requires that blasting protocols shall be followed.

ii. Chemical breaking shall require a Method Statement approved by the RE and ESO.

14.7.23.STREAM DIVERSION

i. The contractor shall not divert, dam or modify any watercourse or stream without the

approval of the E-EHSC and the Water Resources Board.ii. The contractor shall submit a method statement to the F7EHSC for approval prior to

commencing construction.iii. Diverted streams shall be reinstated to the satisfaction of the E-EHSC.

14.7.24.RIVER CROSSINGS

i This activity requires a Method Statement for approval by the RE, ESO and E-

EHSC.ii. Cables should be taken over sensitive river(s) either by helicopter or shot over by

bow and arrow.iii. The fording of rivers by machinery and vehicles shall be undertaken at slow speed

and with clean vehicles (i.e. no oil leaks, etc.) and along a single track. The

methodology of vehicle crossings via fording shall be detailed in a Method

Statement.



14.7.25.WATER ABSTRACTION FROM STREAM AND GROUNDWATER

Abstractions from natural water resources require a Method Statement for prior approval bythe RE, ESO and E-EHSC and approval by the Water Resources Board.

14.7.26.PROTECTION OF NATURAL FEATURES

The contractor shall not deface, paint, damage or mark any natural features (e.g. rockformations) situated in or around the site for survey or other purposes unless agreedbeforehand with the ESO. Any features affected by the contractor in contravention of thisclause shall be restored/rehabilitated to the satisfaction of the ESO.

Within 500m of the site the contractor shall not permit his employees to make use of anynatural water sources (e.g. springs, streams, open water bodies) for the purposes ofswimming, personal washing and the washing of machinery or clothes.

14.7.27.SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTS

Method Statements must be prepared for all construction activities within all sensitive areasi.e. rivers and streams, wetlands and forests.

Rivers and streamsi The contractor shall minimise the extent of any damage to the floodplain to that

necessary to complete the works, and shall not pollute the river system as a result ofconstruction activities. The cortractor shall not cause any physical damage to anyaspects of a water course, other than those necessary to complete the works asspecified and in accordance with the accepted Method Statement.

ii. Construction activities shall not permanently alter the surface or subsurface flow ofwater through the floodplain area. No construction materials shall be stockpiled onthe floodplain.

iii. Baseline water quality of any rivers, streams and wetlands that will be impacted byroads or access shall be established prior to oriset of any construction activities.These baseline values (total suspended solids, pH, conductivity, nitrates, nitrites,ammonia and temperature) shall not be adversely affected by construction-relatedactivities.

iv. The contractor shall submit a method statement for review 14 days prior tocommencing construction within any of the sensitive habitats listed in Section 15.3.4.The method statement shall highlight (but not be confined to) the following issues:

a. detailed plan for any crossings, including pipe protection works;b. how water flow will be diverted during construction (if applicable);c. containment of contaminated runoff and contaminated water;d. width of working servitude (if not already detailed in project

specification);e. final expected profile of river/stream banks; andf reinstatement and rehabilitation of river/stream banks.

v. All temporary and permanent fill used adjacent to, or within, the river/stream bedshall be of clean sand or larger particles. Silts, clays, granitic sands and bouldersshall not be permitted in the fill.

vi. Plastic sheeting, sandbags or geofabric approved by the ESO shall be used to preventthe migration of fines through the edges of the fill into the river.

vii. Banks shall be suitably stabilised incrementally immediately after constructionallows.

viii. The contractor shall not modify the banks or bed of a water course.



ix. Rocks for use in gabion baskets/reno mattresses shall not be obtained from a watercourse.

x. The contractor shall not cause any physical damage to any aspects of a water course,

other than those necessary to complete the works as specified and in accordance withthe accepted Method Statement.

xi. The introduction of any construction related effluent water into any natural stream orriver requires a Method Statement to be approved by the ESO.

xii. No noxious weeds or their seeds may be disposed of in streams or rivers (Noxious

Weeds Act, section 10).

Wetlands/Swampsi Damage to wetland areas shall be minimised. The ESO shall approve demarcation of

work area extent. All potential wetland areas shall be marked clearly on the plan and

the contractor shall submit a Method Statement for review at least 14 days prior tocommencing construction in a wetland.

ii. Construction may not permanently alter the surface or subsurface flow of waterthrough the wetland.

iii. No construction materials shall be stockpiled in any wetland areas.iv. The post-construction profile of the wetland shall be returned to one similar to that

before construction, with no created "ridge or channel" features present. The only

permissible features will be necessary access roads, and these will be as narrow aspossible and also have extensive culverting to avoid substantial changes to drainagepatterns.

Gazetted Forestsi Damage to gazetted forests shall be minimised.

ii. The area required to complete the works within the forests shall be the least arearequired and shall be fenced to prevent any other activity outside of the work area.

iii. Any disturbed areas shall be immediately rehabilitated.v. No construction materials shall be stockpiled in areas outside of the demarcated

areas.vi. No unnecessary tree felling will be permitted within the forest reserves.

14.7.28.PROTECTION OF CULTURAL REMAINS

If remains or artefacts are discovered on site during earthworks, work shall cease and thecontractor shall contact the E-EHSC or must in turn inform the National Antiquities

Department in Lilongwe (Public Roads Act, section 30d).

14.7.29.PROTECTION OF FLORA AND FAUNA

i Except to the extent necessary for the carrying out of the works, flora shall not beremoved, damaged or disturbed nor shall any vegetation be planted, other than

specified in the re-vegetation specifications.ii. Trapping, poisoning and/or shooting of animals is strictly forbidden. No domestic

pets or livestock are permitted on site.iii. Where the use of herbicides, pesticides and other poisonous substances is required,

the contractor shall submit a Method Statement to the E-EHSC.

14.8. METHOD STATEMENTS

The contractor shall not commence an activity until the Method Statement has been approved

and such approval shall not unreasonably be withheld.



The RE may require changes to a Method Statement if the proposal does not comply with thespecification or if, in the reasonable opinion of the RE, the proposal may result in, or carries agreater than reasonable risk of damage to the environment in excess of that permitted by thespecifications.

Approved Method Statements shall be readily available on the site and shall be communicatedto all relevant personnel. The contractor shall carry out the works in accordance with theapproved Method Statement. Approval of the Method Statement shall not absolve thecontractor from any of his obligations or responsibilities in terms of the contract.

The Method Statement shall cover applicable details with regard to:* construction procedures,* materials and equipment to be used,* getting the equipment to and from site,* how the equipment/material will be moved while on site,* how and where material will be stored,* the containment (or action to be taken if containment is not possible) of leaks or spills

of any liquid or material that may occur,* timing and location of activities,* compliance/non-compliance with the specifications, and* any other information deemed necessary by the E-EHSC.

The contractor shall provide the following Method Statements 14 days prior to the initiationof activities.



As a minimum, Method Statements will be required for:

Access routes Protection of natural features

Alien plant clearing RehabilitationBlasting Riverine and stream crossings

Bunding Rock breakingCamp establishment Settlement ponds and sumps

Cement/concrete batching Solid waste management

Contaminated water Sources of materialsDrilling and jackhammering Traffic

Dust Vegetation clearing

Earthworks Wash areas

Emergency procedures Wastewater treatment works - emergency procedures

Environmental awareness course Water abstraction

Erosion controlFire, hazardous and poisonous substances

Fuels and fuel spills

14.9. TEMPORARY SITE CLOSURE

If the site is closed for a period exceeding one week, a detailed checklist procedure shall becarried out by the contractor in consultation with the E-EHSC, RE and ESO.

14.10. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

The tendered rate shall cover any cost associated with complying with the constructionenvironmental management plan and its associated specifications, and shall include for allmaterials, labour and plant required to execute and complete the work as specified.



15. STANDARD RE-VEGETATION ENVIRONMENTALSPECIFICATIONS

These standard re-vegetation specifications contain "on the ground" specifications which willneed to be complied with by the contractor when rehabilitating the construction sites andother disturbed areas (e.g. drum stations).

15.1. APPLICATION

The contractor will be required to stabilise and rehabilitate those areas which have beendisturbed during the construction phase. All areas that have been disturbed during theconstruction phase must be stabilised and grassed/vegetated.

15.2. DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions shall apply:

Topsoil means the top 100mm of soil and may include top material e.g. vegetation andleaf litter.

Restoration is the process of reconstituting a degraded system to its original state.

Replacement is the establishment of a different type of vegetation on the degradedenvironment following construction, for example agriculture.

Re-vegetation is the physical process of establishing a vegetation cover.

Rehabilitation is a general term that encompasses the three processes above, and is theprocess or programme implemented to achieve restoration or replacement.

15.3. MATERIALS FOR REHABILITATION

15.3.1. PLANT SPECIES

Limited literature is available on the selection of suitable indigenous species for rehabilitation,their means of propagation and establishment. Consequently, it is not possible at this stage toprovide specifications of indigenous plant species to use.

In areas to be rehabilitated back to natural vegetation, field trials may need to be set up by theESO to determine species suitable for rehabilitation. During the construction phase, disturbedareas must be stabilised and rehabilitated using grass, seeds or sods as specified in thefollowing specifications. Towards the end of the construction period, when results of the fieldtrials become available, additional shrubs, herbs and trees must be planted in order to increasespecies diversity. This must be done in accordance with the following specifications.

SODS AND SEEDSIndigenous vegetation sods

i. Sods of indigenous vegetation shall be obtained from areas approved by the ESO andRE, within or near the site, and from areas to be directly disturbed e.g. roads and towerfoundations.

ii. Indigenous vegetation sods shall be clean of weeds or invasive plants before planting.

Bought seed



i The seed mix quantities and purity levels shall be as specified in the Method Statement.ii. Seed shall be utilised for the cultivation of material for re-vegetation.

iii. Seed shall be utilised for direct sowing and shall be sown at a density of 40kg perhectare.

iv. Seed shall be utilised for the stabilisation of stockpiles.

Brush-cut mulchi. A portion of the stockpiled vegetation from the clearing operations shall be reduced to

mulch.ii. The vegetative material shall be reduced by either mechanical means (chipper) or by

hand-axing to sticks no longer than 100mm.iii. The contractor shall take every effort to ensure the retention of as much seed as possible

in mulches made from indigenous vegetation. Mulches shall be collected in such amanner as to restrict the loss of seed.

iv. Brush-cut mulch shall be stored for as short a period as possible.

15.3.2. STORAGE CAPACITY FOR PLANT MATERIAL

The storage capacity provided and amount of material stored (of whatever sortrequired for the completion of the works) shall be sufficient to ensure that nointerruption to the progress of the work is occasioned by lack of materials.

15.4. MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT OF CROPS

The re-establishment of crop lands disturbed during construction activities will berequired. The following procedure should be followed:i Pay compensation at the agreed rate for loss of crops. The rate shall be determined

in accordance with the principles outlined in the Resettlement Policy Framework.Such compensation shall be agreed to by the ESO and E-EHSC.

ii. In determining compensation, the contractor shall be bound to the rate agreed tobetween the affected individual(s) and the CSLO.

iii. The replacement of crops shall be undertaken by the contractor at their cost.iv. No monies shall be paid to the affected households in lieu of physically re-

establishing crops, as this could lead to household food security problems in thefollowing season, as cash may be spent on items other than food.

v. Should the contractor choose to have the landowner re-establish the fieldsdisturbed by them, then the landowner shall be paid for his labour at a fair rateagreed to by all parties, including the ESO.

vi. The crop species to be established should be the same as what was there prior tothe disturbance. Should the landowner wish to plant a different species, then thesuitability of that species for the particular areas must be determined beforehand inconjunction with the ESO and E-EHSC.

vii. Density of planting crops shall be in accordance with the standards set by farmersin that area.

15.5. PLANT

Before the work commences, the equipment necessary for the proper handling and placing ofall required materials shall be on hand, in good condition and to a standard approved by theRE and ESO.



15.6. CONSTRUCTION

15.6.1. METHOD STATEMENTS

The following Method Statements shall be provided by the contractor and be to thesatisfaction of the RE and ESO:

Site Clearance* Method of vegetation clearing during site establishment.* Method of control to be used for the eradication or control of alien vegetation.

Rehabilitation* Species composition to be used per land use type.* Planting methods.* Use of mulch, fertilisers, herbicides, pesticides and other poisonous substances.* Soil stabilisation methods.* Method of control to be used for the eradication or control of alien vegetation.

15.6.2. VEGETATION CLEARANCE

Site clearancei. All cleared areas shall be stabilised as soon as possible. Areas that are, in the reasonable

opinion of the ESO less stable, shall be stabilised immediately following vegetationclearance.

ii. The disposal of vegetation by burying or burning is prohibited and shall eithera. be removed from site and disposed of at an approved disposal site, orb. be chipped and mulched, where suitable.

iii. Vegetation, apart from trees identified for retention on site, can be cleared mechanically.Care shall be taken to minimise the disturbance to topsoil during this process.

iv. During site clearance, any old concrete, rubble or refuse shall be removed from the site,or stockpiled for disposal at an approved disposal site. All stockpiles shall be managedso as to avoid damage to vegetation.

v. Indigenous mulch shall be harvested in such a manner that loss of seed and biomassshall be at a minimum.

Vegetation removal and trimming in watercoursesi. No heavy machinery shall be permitted within watercourses for any purpose, except

emergency procedures, without the prior approval of the ESO. Clearing of vegetationshall be conducted by hand.

ii. All cleared and trimmed vegetation shall be removed from the watercourse to preventflooding/snagging hazards being created.

15.6.3. TOPSOIL REMOVAL AND STOCKPILING

i Prior to site establishment and any earthmoving operations, the contractor shall strip andstockpile all topsoil within the works area and construction camp for subsequent use inthe rehabilitation and re-vegetation of the site.

ii. All topsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled separately from subsoil for subsequent useduring rehabilitation and re-vegetation.

iii. Soil shall be stripped in a phased manner, so as to retain vegetation cover for as long aspossible.

iv. The top 100 mm of topsoil shall be stripped unless otherwise stipulated by the ESO.v. Topsoil from different soil types shall be stockpiled separately and replaced in the same

areas from which they were taken.



vi. The ESO will identify a suitable site for stockpiling and this must be approved by theRE and-ESO.

vii. Topsoil shall be treated with care and precautions shall be taken to prevent unnecessaryhandling and compaction. In particular, topsoil shall not be subject to compactiongreater than 1 500 kg/M2 and shall not be pushed by a bulldozer for more than 50m.Trucks may not be driven over the stockpiles.

viii. Unless otherwise instructed, topsoil shall not be mixed with any other type of material,nor contaminated with machine oils or any other pollutant.

ix. Topsoil stockpiles shall be convex and should not exceed 2m in height. The contractorshall ensure that the material does not blow or wash away. If the topsoil is in danger ofbeing washed or blown away or require storage for more than 2 weeks, the contractorshall cover it with a suitable material, such as mulch and/or seed it with a fast-growingannual grass. A grass cover e.g. Eragrostis spp. in wet areas (pers. comm. Stephen Carr)or Vetiver grass shall be established around the slopes to reduce the effects of erosionwashes.

x. Topsoil areas shall be demarcated in order to ensure the safekeeping of topsoil and toseparate different stockpile types.

xi. Soil shall be stockpiled for as short a period as possible.xii. Stockpiles shall be monitored at weekly intervals to identify invasive plants, which shall

be removed when they germinate, to prevent contamination of the seed bank.xiii. Stockpiles shall not be covered with materials such as plastic that may cause it to

compost, or kill any seeds.xiv. The contractor, before indigenous vegetation clearing or soil removal for stockpiling

begins, shall remove alien invasive weeds present within the construction area.

15.6.4. SPOIL MATERIAL

i The location of spoil stockpile sites shall be agreed upon by the RE and ESO prior to theonset of any operations that will generate spoil materials.

ii. No spoil material shall be dumped outside the defined site unless it is being removedfrom the site, as approved by the RE and ESO.

iii. The contractor shall ensure that the material does not blow or wash away.

15.6.5. PREPARATION OF GROUND SURFACES FOR REHABILITATION

i. Prior to rehabilitation of the site, the contractor shall remove all remnants ofbuilding materials, concrete foundations, timber and other foreign debris fromthe site.

ii. Before replacing topsoil, the contractor shall remove all visible weeds from theplacement area and from the topsoil, under the direction of the ESO.

iii. Compacted soil shall be ripped to a depth of greater than 250 mm.iv. Topsoil shall be spread evenly over the surface to a depth of 100 mm on flat

ground or to a minimum depth of 75 mm on slopes of 1:3 or steeper, or asspecified on site by the ESO

v. The final prepared surface shall not be smooth but furrowed to follow the naturalcontours of the land.

vi. Prior to any site clearance, any wetland areas, along with lOm buffer zones, areto be effectively fenced off to prevent any damage to wetland material on sitesprior to transplanting.

15.6.6. SLOPE MODIFICATION AND STABILISATION

Cut slopes



i. Cut and fill slopes must be stabilised to the satisfaction of the ESO.ii. Cut and fill slopes shall be shaped and trimmed to approximate the natural condition and

contours as closely as possible and be undulating. Levels incongruous to thesurrounding landscape shall be reshaped.

Borrow pitsBorrow pits shall be shaped to have undulating slopes and surfaces and upon completion shallblend into the natural terrain and re-vegetated using the same plant species that wereoriginally removed from the site.

15.6.7. TIMING OF PLANTING

i The contractor shall not begin planting work until all construction activities inthe area to be vegetated have been completed.

ii. If planting and reseeding occurs in a dry period, it shall be necessary to intensivelyirrigate plants to ensure their successful establishment.

15.6.8. ESTABLISHMENT

IrrigationIn the event of dry periods, the contractor may be required to irrigate areas recently grassed orplanted, in order to improve seed germination or seedling establishment.

FertilisingInorganic fertiliser shall not be added to the soil on seeding or planting, unless theneed therefore has been determined by the ESO and approved by the E-EHSC.

WeedingThe contractor shall be responsible for controlling all alien/invasive species. The contractorshall ensure that all weeds and alien/invasive species are removed as specified.

Erosion controli In the case of surface wash-away or wind erosion, the contractor shall implement

remedial measures, as approved by E-EHSC, as soon as possible.ii. Appropriate erosion control/soil stabilisation measures shall be implemented.

15.6.9. RESPONSIBILITY FOR ESTABLISHING AN ACCEPTABLE COVER

It is the contractor's responsibility to ensure that all disturbed areas are grassed, re-vegetatedor that crops are re-established.

15.7. MONITORING PROGRAMME

Upon completion of all work, the E-EHSC and an external representative of the client shallsurvey all rehabilitated areas to ensure compliance with these specifications.





PART 5: SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTALSPECIFICATIONS





16. INTRODUCTION

Specific environmental specifications are specifications that provide specific information forconstruction activities occurring on specific work packages. These specifications differ fromstandard specifications in that they often provide detailed specifications regarding operationsin a sensitive environment.

Specific environmental specifications DO NOT replace standard environmental specificationsbut rather complement them.

The following specifications will be expanded on during the final design phase:

17. POWER LINE

Specifications specific to the construction of the power line include:i. The contractor must liaise closely with the resettlement consultants, as resettlement

of people in the servitude must be completed prior to construction within that reachof the servitude (Land Act, Section 28).

ii. All servitude clearing will be done in accordance with a Method Statement andapproved by the RE and ESO. The servitude must be clearly demarcated.

iii. Where possible, bush clearing must use local labour teams and labour intensivetechniques are encouraged.

iv. Access roads will be clearly marked on a plan prior to construction and will bedemarcated on site and approved by the RE and ESO. kcess routes must avoidwetlands and other sensitive environments. Travel along the route will be restrictedto the defined servitude and access roads.

v. Crossing of wetlands and drainage lines must be undertaken in the dry months andany access roads must be either rehabilitated or constructed in such a manner thatlong term changes in drainage pattems do not occur.

vi. Grave sites must be fenced off and a suitable gate provided. No access to graves in,as well as out of, the servitude is permitted and no graves within the servitude mustbe disturbed. No pylons are to be erected within a grave site.

vii. Wood, from servitude clearing will be made available to those who have lost accessto this resource.

viii. Fruit crops, medicinal plants, and trees and shrubs suitable for building material orfuel will be harvested by local communities prior to the bush removal operations.

ix. Shrubs and undergrowth that is felled but is not suitable for fuel or building materialwill be chipped or left to enhance nutrient cycling within the ecosystem.

x. Dust on access roads near inhabited areas will be suppressed by reducing vehiclespeeds and/or by the application of water or a biodegradable soil stabilisation agent.

xi. During tower erection, topsoil will be replaced as the top layer during backfillingand not at the bottom of the foundations.

xii. Appropriate bird flight diverters (BFD) must be installed to increase the visibility ofthe power lines. Exact locations will be determined in consultation with ESCOM andtheir nominated environmental representative.

xiii. Aggregate sites and laydown areas must be within the servitude and must beapproved by the RE and ESO. Laydown areas must not be sited in sensitive habitatssuch as wetlands, drainage lines or forests.

xiv. Borrow pits must be approved by the RE and ESO and must be rehabilitated to thesatisfaction of the RE and ESO immediately after use.

xv. The relevant authorities need to be informed in cases of accidents related toelectrical equipment (OSHW Act, 1997, Schedule 1, Section 4).



18. OPERATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A construction camp, roads, offices, temporary workshops and temporary waste disposal siteswill be constructed.

Specific specifications include:i. The various construction footprints must be determined and demarcated prior to

construction.ii. "No go" areas must be demarcated.

iii. Suitable fencing must be erected to ensure public safety and the containment ofconstruction activities.

iv. The various access routes to the different construction sites must be carefully plannedwith due cognisance given to local access routes for villages, safety, noise and dust.

v. Roads crossing wetlands must contain numerous culverts to ensure that water flow isnot hampered.

vi. Vehicle traffic must be controlled around sensitive areas at specific times to reduceanimal mortalities on roads and to reduce dust.

vii. Access roads and paths must be carefully contoured.

19. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTATION

The following associated documentation will need to be developed by ESCOM'senvironmental officer in conjunction with the selected contractor during the final designphase, and included in the final Construction EMP.

19.1. GUIDELINE DOCUMENTS

Guideline documents are briefing documents which are developed for all the majorenvironmental managers, auditors and officers associated with the construction phase of theproject. These guideline documents are designed to concisely outline the roles,responsibilities, powers and duties of all the different environmental personnel. As aminimum, guideline documents will need to be produced for:

i. The Resident Engineer (RE)ii. ESCOM's Environmental, Heath and Safety and Community Manager (E-EHSC)

iii. Environmental Site Officer (ESO)iv. Independent Environmental, Heath and Safety and Community Manager (I-EHSC)v. Community Liaison Site Officer (CLSO)

These documents should cover, as a minimum, the following topics:i. Composition and functioning of the construction EMP

ii. Organisational structureiii. Reporting structureiv. Roles and responsibilitiesv. Record keepingvi. Grievance procedures

vii. Method statementsviii. Contact numbers

19.2. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION COURSE

Environmental education courses will need to be developed for the entire spectrum ofconstruction workers, ranging from engineers to unskilled manual labourers. These differentcourses will need to be culturally, educationally and language appropriate.



19.3. STANDARD REPORTING DOCUMENTATION

An entire range of reporting documentation will need to be developed in conjunction with theselected contractor, for example:

Environmental declarationsMonitoring formsIncident formsChecklist formsDaily activity checklist forms





PART 6: INSTITUTIONALRESPONSIBILITIES





20. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The recommended generic key management positions required to manage the constructionEMP are discussed below. The actual positions, titles used for each position and the preciseresponsibilities may change during the final design phase. Any changes will be reflected inthe final Construction EMP.

20.1. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

The following organogram represents the structure of the proposed environmentalmanagement framework that would be involved during the construction phase of the powerline. Brief responsibilities are indicated in Section 14.2.



ESCOM EHSCI-EHSC * Occasional site visits. ESCOM PROJECT

* Employed by lender Reports * Monitors all Reports MANAGER* Performs 6-monthly - environmental, health * ESCOM employee

independent audits and social issues. . Overall control of all. ESCOM employee from actions on site.

environmental section.

Reports

Instructs

RE Instructs* Contracted by ESCOM Informs. Permanently on site* Quality control Informs* Issues all site

instructions

Monitors andReports to ESO CLSO

* Contracted by ESCOM * Contracted by ESCOM* Permanently on site * Responsible for* Continual monitoring implementing the RFP and

Instructs Instructs and advice. liaising regularly withE__ 4communities.

C- CE Continual Technical Manager e.g.* Contracted by liaison roads

ESCOM * Contracted by ESCOM.* Implementation of * Implementation of

engineering technical specifications

specifications

InstructsInstructs

Contractors* Contracted by ESCOM.. Responsible for on the ground

implementation of engineering,technical and environmentalspecifications.



20.2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RESPONSIBILITIES

20.2.1. ESCOM TEAM

ESCOM Project ManagerThe Project Manager will undertake occasional site visits and will be responsible for theoverall control of all actions on site.

ESCOM's Environmental, Health, Safety and Community Manager (E-EHSC)ESCOMs EHSC Manager will undertake regular site visits to ensure all specificationsregarding environmental health and safety and community matters are being adhered to. TheE-EHSC must also inform health officials of notifiable diseases on site (Public Health Act,section 13b).

Environmental Site Officer (ESO)An independent ESO will be employed by ESCOM to be on site permanently. The ESO willbe responsible for undertaking daily site inspections to monitor compliance with thespecifications and will be available for consultations on environmental matters. The ESO willalso attend all site and technical meetings.

Community Liaison Site Officer (E-CLSO)The E-CLSO will be employed by ESCOM and will be on site permanently. The E-CLSOwill implement all recommendations of the RFP and will ensure all warnings and informationare given to communities in good time.

20.2.2. ENGINEERING TEAM

Resident Engineer (RE)The role of the RE will be to ensure that all personnel on site abide by the requirements of theconstruction EMP and that all areas of the project are constructed and cperated in such amanner that it meets all specified legal and contractual environmental requirements. The REis the most senior figure on site.

20.2.3. CONTRACTOR'S CONSTRUCTION TEAM

Contractor - Chief Engineer (C-CE)It is presumed that the contractor will have a chief engineer or nominated seniorrepresentative on site, e.g. project manager or construction manager who is responsible for thedelivery of the contract according to all engineering, legal, financial and environmentalspecifications.

Technical ManagerThe Technical Manager will be responsible for ensuring all technical specifications areadhered to and that all required equipment is on site timeously and in good order.

Construction teamThe construction team consists of all personnel responsible for any part of the construction ofthe power line e.g. surveyors, vegetation clearing team, tower construction teams, stringingteams and specialised steel erector team. All personnel must be given the environmentalawareness course prior to construction. This is especially important for the route selectionsurvey team as they will need to be made aware of the sensitive areas and generalenvironmental protocol.



20.2.4. INDEPENDENT MONITORING TEAM

An independent monitoring team may be appointed by the lenders to ensure ongoingcompliance.

Independent - Environmental, Health, Safety and Community Officer (I-EHSC)A party that is independent of the client and the contractor will be on site to audit allactivities. This individual will have the mandate to report directly to the RE but will alsoliaise with the ESO and EHSC, and the lenders. The I-EHSC may require the services of anindependent and internationally reputable audit team to review all EHSC activities associatedwith the construction activities on a 6-monthly basis. The need for such a review will need tobe assessed once construction begins.

20.3. REPORTING GUIDELINES

The reporting structure and in particular work stoppage guidelines will be determined in thefinal design phase. The following principles will, however, need to be adhered to:

i. The RE is the most senior staff member on site.ii. The RE can call a permanent stop to any activity that he deems to be having an

adverse impact on the environment.iii. The E-EHSC and ESO can call a temporary stop to any activity that they deem to be

having an adverse impact on the environment.iv. The I-EHSC can call a temporary stop to any activity that he deems to be having an

adverse impact on the environment.v. The ESO shall report to the RE and E-EHSC on a daily basis.

A conflict resolution committee will need to be established in the final design period to ensurean effective and pragmatic solution to any environmental specification disputes.

20.4. SPECIFIC ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

20.4.1. ESCOM'S ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, SAFETY AND COMMUNITY MANAGER

(EHSC)

The role of the EHSC is to:1. Ensure the implementation of the construction EMP and associated activities by:

i ensuring necessary environmental authorisations and permits have been obtained;ii. monitoring and verifying that the EMP is adhered to at all times and taking action

if the specifications are not followed;iii. monitoring and verifying that environmental impacts are kept to a minimum;iv. reviewing and approving construction method statements together with the ESO

and RE;v. assisting the contractor in finding environmentally responsible solutions to

problems;vi. ensuring that records of all activities/incidents on site are kept;

vii. inspecting the site and surrounding areas regularly with regard to compliance withthe EMP regarding health and safety issues have been dealt with;

viii. reviewing the register of complaints in the Site Office to ensure that communitycomments or issues have been dealt with;

ix. monitoring the undertaking by the contractor of environmental awareness trainingfor all new personnel coming onto site;

x. Overseeing the execution and management of the activities described in theResettlement Policy Framework (RPF);



xi. Ensuring that all sites disturbed during all phases of the operation are effectivelyrehabilitated as soon as possible;

xii. Overseeing liaison activities with local stakeholders;xiii. Ongoing liaison with appropriate project personnel;xiv. Maintenance and management of the monitoring programme;xv. Ongoing reporting;

xvi. Ongoing liaison with National and District Government agencies and regulatoryauthorities; and

xvii. Recommending actions to the RE in the event of significant non-compliance.

2. Ensure the successful on-site implementation and supervision of the resettlementprocess and community consultation process. Responsibilities will include:

i. Overall management of the resettlement process;ii. Financial responsibility for payment of compensation and resettlement costs;

iii. Liaison with District Government agencies and regulatory authorities;iv. Formulation of a detailed community liaison plan;V. Providing technical and managerial support for implementation of the resettlement

process where the Government of Malawi is not able to make this available;vi. Establish and maintain a socio-economic monitoring programme for the affected

households; andvii. Ongoing reporting.

20.4.2. INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, SAFETY AND COMMUNITY

OFFICER (I-EHSC)

The independent environmental, health, safety and community officer's primary role is toindependently oversee the entire construction programme. The I-EHSC's essentially acts onbehalf of the lenders and the specific roles of the I-EHSC are to:

i Independently review all the components of the construction process to ensurecompliance with the construction EMP;

ii. Independently review the implementation of the Resettlement Policy Framework.iii. Provide feedback to ESCOM and the lenders on a 6-monthly basis;iv. Provide constructive input into environmental management of the area; andv. Where required, act as an ombudsman between the contractor's environmental team

and that of ESCOM.

20.4.3. RESIDENT ENGINEER (RE)

The responsibilities of the contractor's Chief Engineer are to ensure that all aspects associatedwith the specifications and intent of the construction EMP are adhered to by the contractor.These responsibilities include:i monitoring and verifying that the EMP is adhered to at all times and taking action if

the specifications are not followed;ii. monitoring and verifying that environmental impacts are kept to a minimum;

iii. reviewing and approving construction method statements; andiv. ordering the removal of person(s) and/or equipment not complying with the

specifications.

20.4.4. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE OFFICER (ESO)

The ESO will be responsible for ensuring compliance of the construction EMP on a day-to-day basis. The ESO's duties in this regard will include the following:

i. monitoring and verifying that the EMP is adhered to at all times and taking action ifthe specifications are not followed;



ii. monitoring and verifying that environmental impacts are kept to a minimum;iii. producing and reviewing construction method statements together with the C-CE;iv. giving a report back on the environmental issues at site meetings and other meetings

that may be called regarding environmental matters;v. keeping records of all activities/incidents on site in the Site Diary concerning the

environment;vi. inspecting the site and surrounding areas regularly with regard to compliance with the

EMP;vii. ensuring that all new personnel coming onto site attend the environmental awareness

training;viii. ensuring that activities on site comply with other relevant environmental legislation;

ix. completing start-up, weekly, monthly and site closure checklists;x. keeping a photographic record of progress on site from an environmental perspective;

xi. ordering the removal of, or issuing spot fines for, person(s) and/or equipment notcomplying with the specifications (done in conjunction with the RE);

xii. issuing of penalties for contraventions of the EMP (e.g. damage to "no go" areas);xiii. Continuously reviewing the suitability and effectiveness of the activities described in

the EMP;

20.4.5. COMMUNITY LIAISON SITE OFFICER

i. Implementing the Resettlement Policy Frameworkii. Communicating regularly with communities

iii. Ensuring communication is done at the required time prior to construction activitiesiv. keeping a register of complaints at the Site Offices and recording and dealing with any

community comments or issues;v. On-site liaison with the contractors responsible for resettlement infrastructure

development;vi. Holding regular meetings with the affected community as part of the PCDP, and

attending Resettlement Working Group (RWG) meetings;vii. Managing and responding to grievances raised by the community;

viii. Executing specific communication procedures for the different stakeholders;ix. Managing the Labour Desk (LD).

21. TRAINING AND AWARENESS PROGRAMMES

All personnel involved in the construction of the project must undergo a training andawareness programme on environmental management prior to commencing constructionactivities. ESCOM's environmental representative must prepare and present the course, butmust be paid by the contractor. The range of topics that must be covered in environmentaltraining will include:

* Contents of the EMP* ESCOM's Environment policy.* ESCOMs's Resettlement Policy Framework* ESCOM's Health and Safety policy.* ESCOM's environmental objectives and targets.* Organisational structure and responsibilities.* Aspects of routine or day-to-day activities that can have environmental impacts.* Environmental hazards that could arise from non-routine situations and corrective

actions.. The importance of Environmental Hazard Incident reporting and completion of

appropriate reports.



Channels of communication for discussing and reporting environmental issues.. Documentation systems so that appropriate records of environmental matters are

maintained.* Responsibilities under the applicable legislation.

Information will be transferred in an appropriate manner. Training courses must take languageand cultural and education levels into consideration. A site Environmental Handbook must bedeveloped and distributed to all literate personnel. This handbook must cover some of theinformation presented during the Environmental Awareness and Induction Training. Handoutsmust also be available to personnel and posters will be displayed in easily visible venues (seeAppendix 3 for example.)

The costs associated with the training and awareness programme must be finalised by thecontractor, an estimate is given in table 2.





PART 7: COSTS OF SOMEENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS





Costing of meeting the environmental specifications will be done by the contractor whenpreparing their tender. The following is a cost estimate that the client, ESCOM and theContractor, will be subject to for implementing the EMP. The first column refers to the actionthat will need to be initiated, the second column gves an estimate of the costs that will beinvolved and the last column gives the stage of the project during which the action must beimplemented. The cost estimate has been excluded for some of the actions, as specifics are notknown (e.g. cost of towers).

The total costs estimate required to manage all environmental and social aspects of the project(excluding costs of bird friendly towers) is US$425 000.00. These costs would be split almostequally between ESCOM and the contractor(s). ESCOM's main costs arise from theirresponsibility for ensuring compliance, and for implementing the Resettlement PolicyFramework, as they are obliged to deal with all social aspects, as outlined in the RPF adoptedby ESCOM. The most significant costs to the contractor are fencing "no-go" areas,rehabilitating disturbed ground and implementing more environmentally friendly constructionactivities.

ACTION COST ESTIMATE STAGE RESPONSIBILITY(US$)

ESCOMInclusion of EMP and all specs 10 000 Tender Consultantin the tender documentsEnsure the environmental 2 000 Acceptance of ESCOMspecifications are costed and tender Environmentalincluded in the final contract ManagerdocumentEmploy a dedicated 35 000 Design ESCOM/ESOenvironmental site officer forconstruction work.Provide vehicle for ESO 30 000 Design ESCOMImplement the Resettlement 60 000 Design ESCOMPolicy FrameworkEmploy a part-time person to 20 000 Design Consultantimplement and monitor theResettlement Framework PolicyEmploy a suitably qualified 15 000 Design Consultantperson to undertake andmonitor rehabilitation.Social and biophysical 15 000 Design Consultantmonitoring programme.Assessment of suitable borrow 3 000 Design ESCOM/Consultantpit sites.Implement rehabilitation plans 10 000 Design ESO/Consultantfor borrow pitsSUBTOTAL 200 000CONTRACTORTraining and awareness 10 000 Construction Consultantcampaign

Fencing for "no-go" areas and 30 000 Construction Contractorother site demarcation (at $12per m) _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Stabilisation of areas 20 000 Construction Consultantsusceptible to soil erosion (at$2000 per ha)Vegetation clearing and 10 000 Pre-Construction Contractor



stacking l _l_l_l

Run-off and storm water control 15 000 Construction Contractor

measuresBunded areas/oil traps etc 5 000 Construction Contractor

Identify areas of high fire risk 1 000 Construction Contractor

Fire fighting equipment 10 000 Construction ContractorBird friendly towers Unknown Design Contractor

Bird flappers 25 000 Design Contractor

Bow/helicopter to take pilot 50 000 Construction Outsource?

wires over riversSolid waste disposal program 5 000 Design OutsourceSewage system/treatment 10 000 Design Outsource

Topsoil storage and spread 10 000 Construction Consultant($1000 per ha)Method statements 12 000 Construction Contractor/ESO

Spoil material 12 000 Construction Contractor

SUBTOTAL 225 000



PART 8: OPERATIONAL PLAN





The following impacts, relevant to the operational phase of the Interconnector, were identifiedduring the Environmental Impact Assessment phase. Both positive and negative impacts wereidentified. To ensure the identified positive impacts of the project are filtered through to thecommunities, ESCOM must include the following in their operation/maintenance program:

* Bring fie proposed interconnector to the attention of international investors, toencourage the development of mineral deposits.

* Encourage the use of tax monies in a socially responsible manner to expansionnational economic opportunities.

* ESCOM must identify rural centres to be electrified in consultation with the DistrictAssembly and communities, which will expand economic opportunities anddevelopment projects.

* Rural commerce and industry opportunities must be identified and developed inconjunction with the District Assembly and communities.

* ESCOM must prioritise the supply of electricity to areas where it is mostly needede.g. schools, hospitals and commercial centres.

To ensure that negative impacts that may occur during the operational phase of the line,ESCOM must include the following in their operation/maintenance program:

* Undertake an additional assessment to determine the severity of tlr risk of slope failuretriggered by seismic activity.

* In order to prevent soil erosion due to incision of road verges, the flow of water must bediverted away from the roadside drainage ditch at regular intervals. Diversions must beplaced closer together for steeper slopes.

* In order to prevent soil erosion due to incision of road culverts, the areas immediatelydownstream of the culvert must be protected.

* In order to reduce the bss of faunal species diversity, public access on access roadsshould be discouraged.

* Charcoal production creates a major impact on the forests of Malawi. ESCOM shouldlobby to the responsible Government to encouraW communities to use electricity ratherthan charcoal.

In addition, the following will need to be monitored:

1. Roads: The condition of access roads and routes must be frequently monitored toensure they remain in a good condition.

2. Rehabilitation: A program to monitor the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of accessroads, lay down areas and camps will be established once rehabilitation commences.

3. Bird Mortality: Assess the long-term significance of bird mortalities from the line, inassociation with an environmental NGO (e.g. Malawi Wildlife E EnvironmentSociety).

4. The line must be checked frequently to ensure it is in good working order and has notbeen damaged or vandalised.


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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX 1

LOCALITY MAP

APPENDIX 2

LEGISLATION AND SECTIONS RELEVANTFOR ESCOM TO INCLUDE IN THE DESIGN OF

THE INTERCONNECTOR

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Category Law & relevant Sections NotesPollution of water Water Resources Act, No person may alter the flow of public water(sewage treatment, Section 16 or pollute it.waste management)Servitude Public Roads Act, Section Notice must be given prior to cutting orPlant protection 30d removing trees.

Plant Protection Act Landowner must clear and prevent the spreadof pests or diseases.

Rehabilitation Public Roads Act, Section Pillars, walls, plants etc may be erected for32(3) omaments or in the interests of safety.

Labour and social Public Health Act, Section ESCOM must inform the closest healthaspects 13b authority of any person on site who has a

Occupational safety, health notifiable disease.and welfare, Section 68

Plant Public Roads Act, Section 41 All plant must be removed from site. Noticecan be given and if not removed within 8days, the authority may remove it.

Fuel and Oil Occupational safety, health Indicates structure of areas for storage ofand welfare, Section 53 dangerous substances

Lighting Public Roads Act, Section 39 Warning and safety precautions must be(1 a) provided for areas of the road that are not

complete and may pose a safety risk.Access Roads Public Roads Act, Section 8 Indicates use of Estate roads

Public Roads Act, Section 20 Two weeks notice is required before utilisinga detour

Public Roads Act, Section 21 Indicates liability within road reservePublic Roads Act, Section 23 Temporary deviationsPublic Roads Act, Section Plans for the road must be advertised in the10, 25 Gazette, local newspaper and registered post

to affected parties.Road reserves are not to exceed 60m.

Emergency Occupational safety, health Accidents must be reportedprocedures and welfare, Section 67Stormwater control Public Roads Act, Sections Control of storm water from roads and from

18 & 19. land adjoining roads.Access to site Public Roads Act, Section 39 If the site is not safe, it must be adequately

(1 a) provided with wamings.Spoil Public Roads Act, Section 39 Any spoil or material not needed for

I (e) restoration must be carried away as soon asreasonably practic al.

Borrow pits Land Policy 2002 9.11 All mines must have an EIA, and must bemined in an environmentally sensitive wayand must be rehabilitated.

Public Roads Act, Section 29 Indicates powers to take materials forroadworks.

Mines and Minerals Act, Refers to Public Roads Act, Section 29 -Section 115 power to take materialsMines and Minerals Act, Authorisation of mines and quarriesSchedule under s 78 (p36)

Infrastructure Water Resources Act, Permission is required to divert, dam, store,Culverts Section 5 & 10 abstract or use public waterStream diversion Public Roads Act, Section

30c.Noxious Weeds Noxious Weeds Act, Section Noxious weeds are to be cleared, and are not

3, 8 and 10 to be disposed of in rivers, streams. If not

cleared, the authority will clear at the expenseof the person responsible.

Site closure Public Roads Act, Section 41 Upon site closure, all apparatus and plantmust be removed, otherwise notice will beserved and after 8 days, authority will removeto the cost of the owner.

Compensation Land Act, Section 28 Individuals who are subject to loss, damage ordisturbance by the construction and/oroperation of the power line are liable for_ compensation.

Construction camps Public Roads Act, Section 30 This section deals with the establishment ofI__Itemporary or permanent construction camps.

APPENDIX 3

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION COURSE

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APPENDIX 4

PRO-FORMA FORM: PROTECTION OF THEENVIRONMENT

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PRO FORMAEmployer

Contract NoContract title

PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTThe Contractor will not be given right of access to the site until this form has been signed.

I/ we .............. {Contractor} record as follows:

I/ we, the undersigned, do hereby declare that I/ we am/ are aware of the increasingrequirement by society that construction activities shall be carried out with due regardto their impact on the environment.

2. In view of this requirement of society and a corresponding requirement by theEmployer with regard to this Contract, I/ we will, in addition to complying with theletter of the terms of the Contract dealing with protection of the environment, also takeinto consideration the spirit of such requirements and will, in selecting appropriateemployees, plant, materials and methods of construction, in so far as I/ we have thechoice, include in the analysis not only the technical and economic (both financial andwith regard to time) aspects but also the impact on the environment of the options. Inthis regard, I/ we recognise and accept the need to abide by the "precautionaryprinciple" which aims to ensure the protection of the environment by the adoption ofthe most environmentally sensitive construction approach in the face of uncertaintywith regard to the environmental implications of construction.

3. I/ we acknowledge and accept the right of ESCOM to deduct, should they so wish, fromany amounts due to me/us, such amounts (hereinafter referred to as fines) as theResident Engineer and Environmental Site Officer shall certify as being warranted inview of my/ our failure to comply with the terms of the Contract dealing withprotection of the environment, subject to the following:

3.1 The Resident Engineer and Environmental Site Officer, in determining the amount ofsuch fine, shall take into account inter alia, the nature of the offence, the seriousness ofits impact on the environment, the degree of prior compliance/non-compliance, theextent of the Contractor's overall compliance with environmental protectionrequirements and, in particular, the extent to which he considers it necessary to imposea sanction in order to eliminate/reduce future occurrences.

3.2 The Resident Engineer and Environmental Site Officer shall, with respect to any fineimposed, provide me/ us with a written statement giving details of the offence, the factson which the Resident Engineer and Environmental Site Officer has based hisassessment and the terms of the Contract (by reference to the specific clause) which hasbeen contravened.

Signed .....................................CONTRACTOR Date

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APPENDIX 5

SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES FOR FINALDESIGN PHASE

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RECOMMENDED RESPONSIBILITIES OF ESCOM AND THE ENGINEER FORTHE FINAL DESIGN PHASE OF THE MALAWI INTERCONNECTOR.

ESCOM'S RESPONSIBILITIES:

All project componentsi ESCOM must ensure that the contractors have a suitable Safety Policy and that

villages in the affected areas are made aware of the necessary safety precautionsbefore and during the construction phase.

ii. Any changes to the project as described in Part 1 Section 3 must take duecognisance of the environment. In particular, impacts on sensitive habitats and thelocal population must be considered. Any substantive changes must be vetted byESCOM's environmental staff and/or consultants and approved by theEnvironmental Affairs Department.

iii. Ensure contact is made with the village Natural Resource Committees in order tooptimise the sustainable use of village land.

iv. A rehabilitation programme must be developed by ESCOM during the final designphase. The contractor will be required to rehabilitate all construction areas andmust therefore contribute significantly to the design of the rehabilitationprogramme during the final design period.

v. ESCOM must develop social and biophysical monitoring programmes during thefinal design stages. The monitoring requirements of these programmes must beallowed for in final design.

vi. Environmental performance objectives and measurable indicators against whichthe performance of the project can be measured and monitored must be developedby ESCOM for all phases of the project to ensure the impact on the environment isminimal.

Servitudei. All new rights-of-way should be aligned taking environmental factors into consideration

in a manner which will minimise the need for physical alteration and the impact onsensitive natural environments, cultural resources, agricultural lands and residential andcommercial areas (IFC guidelines - "Electric Power Transmission and Distribution")

Rehabilitation Programmei. ESCOM must develop a rehabilitation plan for all phases of the project during the final

design phase. The contractor will be required to be involved in the development of therehabilitation plan as the contractor must ensure that disturbed areas during constructionare stabilised and rehabilitated. The final design phase must include the recommendationsdeveloped in the rehabilitation plan, and as a minimum, must allow for the following:

a. All vegetation removal must be kept to a minimum to avoid unnecessary erosion.b. Vegetation should be left as brush piles to form temporary refugia for displaced

fauna, and to also serve as seed banks for re-vegetation of disturbed areas.c. Rehabilitation must occur as soon as possible after construction is complete.d. Vegetation containing natural resources used by communities should be

maintained as much as possible.e. Communities must be allowed to harvest wood from the servitude.f Design and planning must ensure:

Wildlife Society of Malawi is contacted for possible supply of Vetivergrass spp.That topsoil will be stockpiled and used for rehabilitation.

* The seed mixtures will be balanced and every effort will be made to useseeds and plants from the area to be rehabilitated.

* Rare, endangered and/or economically important plant pDpulations willbe rescued from the construction areas and used in rehabilitation areas.No alien vegetation will be used in the rehabilitation of disturbed areas.A monitoring and alien eradication programme will form part of therehabilitation programme.

ii. Plants for rehabilitation must include fruit trees, to be planted in suitable (i.e. previouslydisturbed) areas.

iii. Areas suitable for cultivation of crops after construction should be demarcated andsurrounding communities made aware of these.

iv. The use of herbicides must be carefully planned, controlled and monitored.

Labour and Social Aspectsi. ESCOM must ensure that local Malawiars are utilised for unskilled tasks e.g. for

vegetation clearing during the construction phase.ii. A skills audit or similar approach could be used to ensure that the construction phase

makes maximum use of Malawian skills.iii. ESCOM must ensure that recommendations contained in the Resettlement Policy

Framework are reviewed by the contractor and that the contractor takes cognisance of themin the final design and planning process.

iv. If an employee residing on site is known to have a notifiable disease, it is ESCOM'sresponsibility to inform the closest health officer (Public Health Act, section 13)

Bird flight divertersi Exact locations must ib determined in consultation with ESCOM and their nominated

environmental representative during the final design phase.

Fencing specificationsi. The design phase must establish the "no go" areas and specific operational areas in

consultation with ESCOM's environmental staff.

Land Acquisition and Resettlementi. ESCOM must ensure they acquire land in accordance with the Land Act and the National

Land Policy (Electricity Act, 1981, Part V).ii. Resettlement falls outside of the engineer's scope but cognisance must be given to the

RCP and the timing of the resettlement process.iii. It is likely that only one household, near Kasapa Village, will need to be resettled. The

Resettlement Policy Framework must be strictly adhered to and the contractor must beaware of this locality to ensure the household is resettled prior to construction.

Construction phasei. Compensation must be provided during the period that affected people have inadequate

access to crops.

ENGINEER'S RESPONSIBILITIES:

All project componentsi. Runoff and stormwater controls must be developed to prevent erosion and increased

turbidity in surface water due to increased runoff.ii. Planning in final design must ensure that there are resources and time for all construction

areas to be stabilised and revegetated.iii. To prevent/contain oil spillages and chemical pollution at construction camps, the

following must be incorporated into the design of the relevant components:Oil traps, cut-off drains, sumps and settling ponds must be installed at allvehicle servicing areas, a-eas with hydraulic and transformer oils andother areas where needed.Specific approved areas must be dedicated as routine service areas.Fuel and chemical storage tanks must be designed in suitably bundedareas and in accordance with accepted intematioml standards.An emergency response/preparedness plan for hydrocarbon spills andrelated incidents must be developed.

iv. All components of the power line must be free of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).v. All components of the power line must be free of ozone-depleting compounds.

vi. Vegetation clearing and ground disturbances in areas susceptible to water erosion must beminimised.

vii. Erosion control measures must be developed for the various project components.viii. All potential fire hazard areas must be identified and all staff made aware.

ix. Access routes must be established in conjunction with ESCOM's environmental staff forall project components.

x. Construction materials must be stored and construction camps located in high lying areasabove the 1:50 year flood line. Lay down areas must not be located in sensitive areas ornear villages.

Operational Supporti. As far as possible, local infrastructure must be incorporated into route planning e.g. the

Makali Estate and the existing tarred road will be used for the construction of the powerline.

ii. Should a maintenance road be required in the Estate, the relevant affected company mustbe consulted.

iii. Plans for the road must be advertised according to Section 25 of the Malawi Public RoadsAct.

iv. Roads must be carefully sited, designed and contoured to avoid damage to sensitivevegetation types.

v. Road culverts must be numerous in areas where roads cross wetlands, drainage areas orrivers. Culverts must be designed for easy maintenance.

vi. The flow of water must be directed away from roadside drainage ditches at regularintervals to prevent soil erosion. Diversions must be closer together for steeper slopes.

vii. All access roads and paths must be carefully contoured to prevent erosion and resultantsilting up of watercourses. Road reserve must not exceed 60m (Public Roads Act, Section10).

viii. The siting of all access roads must consider impacts on the local villagers in terms ofsafety, noise and dust.

ix. A programme to maintain all power line access roads during the construction andoperational phases must be developed.

Towers

i. Where possible, the positions of towers must be designed to avoid graves which exist inthe servitude.

ii. Where possible, the positions of towers must be designed to avoid sensitive habitats e.g.wetlands, woodlands and river floodplains.

iii. Where possible, pylons should be constructed on communal non-arable land.iv. Towers should be positioned approximately 300-400m apart, depending on the

topography.v. Towers must be of the type that reduces bird electrocution i.e. with large gaps between the

conductive elements and bird flight diverters in appropriate positions, and with birdguards on towers to attempt to prevent access by birds in these critical areas.

vi. Angles of 900 should be the maximum angle of change in direction. Where possible,optimise by selecting straight routes with less bends.

Servitudeii. Ensure the servitude of the proposed power line is between 50 - 55m wide (i.e. 25 - 27.5m

on either side of the centre line). Approximately 8m, around the centre of the line will becleared of wegetation to grass and shrub level.

iii. No vegetation clearing will be done in deep valleys, sensitive or protected areas and riverbanks to avoid erosion.

iv. Around the tower positions the bush will be cleared for construction purposes, and theextent of clearing will depend on the type of tower that will be used, which at this timehas not been determined.

v. Where possible, existing crops should be maintained.

Conductorsi. Minimum ground clearance of 400kV conductors must be 8. lm in unpopulated areas and

9.1m in urban areas and road crossings.ii. For river crossings, pilot wires must either be shot by a bow and arrow or flown across by

helicopter.iii. Attempt to achieve a stringing distance of approximately 5-10km, in order to limit the

number of drum stations required.iv. For road crossings (i.e. over the M6) and over houses, temporary woodpole structures

must be erected so that the slack conductors rest on the wooden crossbars. This is toprevent the conductors from resting on the road surface and being damaged by vehicles.

v. Any vegetation interfering with the conductor and which needs to be removed, must beidentified before the stringing exercise commences.

Borrow Pitsi. Siting of borrow pits must take due cognisance of the environmental impacts that they may

have. Siting must be undertaken in conjunction with ESCOM's environmental consultants.ii. Operation and closure plans (including rehabilitation) for each borrow pit must be drawn

up.

Solid Waste Disposali. The solid waste disposal system must ensure that waste is stored, conpacted and removed

from temporary sites daily and taken to the main site office, for sorting and disposal.ii. Where possible, solid waste must be recycled.

iii. Waste disposal sites must be enclosed (fenced) to prevent human and animal access.iv. An auditing system niust be developed to ensure that construction wastes go to the correct

facility.v. Environmental clean up and disposal procedures must be implemented and maintained.

Sewage Systemi Temporary facilities to be used along the route must be such that groundwater pollution is

avoided and they must be cleaned regularly.ii. The site office sewage system must be designed to have sufficient capacity to handle

expected waste during construction and not to pollute water sources.iii. All on-site sewage must be reticulated to this system.iv. A monitoring programme must be designed, which must include the regular monitoring of

the sewage system to ensure that the system is operating as designed.

Bird flight divertersii. The most suitable bird flight diverters (BFD) must be installed to increase the visibility of

the power lines.iii. Exact locations must be determined in consultation with ESCOM and their nominated

environmental representative during the final design phase.iv. The spacing of BFD must be determined in consultation with specialists, but should be

approximately 5-1 Om in high risk areas i.e. along bird migration routes and river crossings.

Fencing specificationsii. The design phase must establish the "no go" areas and specific operational areas in

consultation with ESCOM's environmental consultants.iii. Construction camps, eating, laydown and storage areas must all be temporarily fenced.

Construction phaseii. The construction phase should preferably be from June-December to cause the least

disruption to the agricultural seasonal calendar.iii. Tenporary construction camps must be carefully placed and should be as few as

possible.iv. The construction phase should follow the following process:

* Bush and vegetation clearing under the line.* Route surveying/selection.* Line tower position pegging.* Site establishment.. Establishment of access to site through the construction access roads,

installation of servitude gates and rehabilitation of eroded landscape.* Excavation and casting of foundations.* Tower assembly on site and erection.* Tower dressing (preparation of insulators and hardware).* Conductor stringing and regulation.* Rehabilitation of areas affected by construction activities.* Final inspection and commissioning.

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------ - - I---

MOZA MBIQUE-MALA WIINTERCONNECTOR

ESCOM: Mozambique-Malawi Interconnector

WHAT IS THE ENVIRONMENT?

* Soil* Water* Plants I* People* Animals* Air we breathe* Buildings, cars and houses


THE ENVIRONMENT'It affects us all as well bisciplinary actionas future generations (e.g. construction couldWe have a right to a healthy stop or fines issued)environment

A contract has been

signed


* Report problems to yoursupervisor/ foreman

* Team work

* Follow the rules in the EMP


WORKIlNG AREtAS

Workers & equipment must 0stay inside the siteboundaries at all times


* Io not swim in or drink fromstreams

* Do not throw oil, petrol, diesel,concrete or rubbish in the stream

* Do not work in the stream without <-,Wdirect instruction

* bo not damage the banks orvegetation of the stream


D o not injure or kill anyanimals on the site

Ask your supervisor or --Contract's Manager toremove animals foundon site


bo not damage or cut -

down any trees or plants K' *without permission

Do not pick flowers 1*E


SMOKING ANb FIRE

Put cigarette butts in * Report all firesa rubbish bin * to not burn rubbish or

bo not smoke near vegetation withoutgas, paints or petrol permission

l)o not I ight any fireswithout permission

Know the positions of -xfire fighting equipment


PETROL, OIL AND DIESELWork with petrol, oil & diesel inmarked areasReport any petrol, oil & diesel leaks orspills to your supervisor A

Use a drip tray under vehicles& Imachinery - ----

Empty drip trays after rain & throwaway where instructed

ESCOM: Mozambique-Malawl Interconnector

Try to avoid producing dust -

Use water to make ground &soil wet


D o not make loud noisesaround the site, especiallynear schools and homesReport or repair noisyvehicles


ILtS

* Use the toilets provided

* Report full or leakingtoilets


Only eat in demarcatedeating areas

Never eat near a riveror streamPut packaging & leftoverfood into rubbish bins


* bo not litter - put allrubbish (especially cementbags) into the bins provided

* Report full bins to yoursupervisor

* The responsible personshould empty bins regularly


* Always keep to the speed limit

* brivers - check & report leaksand vehicles that belch smoke

* Ensure loads are secure & donot spill


EMERGENCY PHOJNE N+UMBERS

*-


* Spot fines of betweenR20 and R2000

* Your company may bef ined

* Removal from site

* Construction may bestopped


* Report any breaks, floods,fires, leaks and injuries toyour supervisor

Ask questions!
