E-263REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

NAKIVUBO CHANNELREHABILITATION PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The Town ClerkKampala City CouncilP. 0. Box 7232Kampala, Uganda

February 1999

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REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

NAKIVUBO CHANNEL REHABILITATION PROJECT

Environmental Impact Assessment

Table of Contents

Page No.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................1.................

1. BACKGROUND TO THE NAKIVUBO CHANNELREHABILITATION PROJECT ..................................................... 31.1 IntroductiQn ...................................................... 31.2 Scope of the First Urban Project ..................................................... 41.3 Scope of Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project ..................................................... 4

2.0 EXISTING DRAINAGE PROBLEMS FACING KAMPALA CITY .......................................52.1 Clocktower Roundabout and Surrounding Area ......................................................... 52.2 Industrial Area .52.3 Other Problem Drainage Areas (Black Spots) .....................................................................S5

3.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................63.1 National Environmental Statute (1995) ...................................................................... 63.2 The Water Statute (Commencement) Instrument (1995) .......................................................... . 63.3 The National Policy for Conservation and Management

of Wetland Resources (1995) ...................................................................... 83.3.1 Water Balance Actiwties ..................................................................... . 83.3.2 Procedures to be followed by Prospective Wetland Resource Developers ........... 8

4.0 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE STRATEGYFOR IMPROVED DRAINAGE ...................................................................... 94.1 Improvements to Nakivubo Channel ...................................................................... 94.2 Other Improvements (Auxiliary Works to Address Black Spots) ............................................9

5.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .................................. .................................. 105.1 Nakivubo Channel Improvements .. 0.................................................... LO5.2 Auxiliary Works ..................................................................... 1Q

5.2.1 ClocktowerRoundabout .. 0.................................................. i5.2.2 Lugogo /UgandaManufacturers 'Association 's (A) Showground ................. 115.2.3 Kafumbe Road/Kisenyi Lane Junction ................................................................. 115.2.4 Makerere Road /Aga Khan Secondary School ...................................................... 11

6.0 DESCRIPTION OFTTHE ENVIRONMENT AT THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITES ....... 136.1 Project Location ..................................................................... 136.2 Description of Features ..................................................................... 13

6.2.1 Land Use ..................................................................... 13

62.2 Natural Physical Resources (Air, Water, Soil) ..................................................... 146.2.2.1 Air Quality ..................................................... 146.2.2.2 Water Quality ..................................................... 146 2.2.3 Soils ..................................................... 14

6.2.3 Natural Biological Resources ..................................................... 146.2.3.1 Flora ..................................................... 1462.3.2Fauna ..................................................... 14

6.2.4 Economic Development ..................................................... 156.2.4. 1IndustrialArea ..................................................... 156.2.4.2Markets, Car Parks and Bus Stations ..................................................... 156 2.4.3Railway Station and Yards ..................................................... 15

6.2.5 Socio-economic Status ..................................................... 166 2.5. 1 Residential and Commercial Areas ............................................................. 1 66.2.5.2Meadows and Waterlogged Surfaces . 16

6.2.6 Quality of Life Issues .. 166.2.7 Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Special or

Unique Scientific, Socio-economic or Cultural Value .. 17

7.0 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ... 187.1 Beneficial Environmental Impacts ......................................................................... 1..... .... 18

7.1.1 NakivuboChannelDrainageImprovements ............................................... .187.1.2 Auxiliary Works Improvements ................................................ 18

7.2 Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures .. . ................................................. 187.2.1 Construction Activities ................................................ 187.2.2 Vegetation Removal ................................................ 197.2.3 Soil Erosion and Soil Compaction ................................................ 197.2.4 Traffic Disruption ................................................ 207.2.5 Flow Diversion during Construction ................................................ 20

8.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................. 218.1 Introduction ............................................................. 2............................. ....... 218.2 Nalivubo Channel Drainage hnprovemnents .................................................................... 2....... 1

8.2.1 7The No Action Option ....... 21&2.2 DesigningforMaximum Probable Flood . .218.2.3 Covered Concrete Channel .. 21

9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING ... 229.1 Management Organisation .. 229.2 Personnel .. 229.3 Resources .. 229.4 Training .22

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .. 2310.1 Surface Water Monitoring (location, parameters, frequency .2310.2 Rainfall Data Monitoring .2310.3 Flood Damage Assessment. 24

11.0 IMPACT MONITORING .. 25

12.0 INTER-AGENCY AND PUBLIC/NGO/PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT .................. 2612.1 Interaction with the National Environmental Management Agency ....................................... 2612.2 Other Beneficiaries and Affected Groups .............................................................. 2612.3 Other Key Stakeholders .............................................................. 26

LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................. 27

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Nakivubo Channel is the main stonnwater drainage channel for the city of Kampala. Morethan ninety-five percent (95%) of the developed central urban area of the city drains into this channel.The main channel starts from springs located between Bat Valley Wandegeya and Makerere Kivulu tothe northwest of the city, runs southwards for some three kilometres to Clocktower Roundabout, thenturns eastwards for approximately five kilometres, through the Industrial Area of Kampala beforeentering the swamp which leads to Lake Victoria, between Port Bell and Ggaba. The existing channel isapproximately 9 kilometres long, with a catchment area of approximately 27 km2 .

2. The Nakivubo Channel has not been adequately maintained or repaired. Much silting hasoccurred and there are numerous areas where flow is severely restricted. There has also been increase indevelopment within the catchment, resulting in greatly increased stormwater runoff and peak flows. Allthese have resulted in reducing the capacity of the channel and causing frequent flooding of adjacentareas. The problem has created the need for the rehabilitation of the channel so that it can accommodatethe storm water volume.

3. The proposed Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project (NCRP) includes deepening andwidening of the channel over most of its length, to accommodate the 1 in 10 year return period stormflow. In addition, various portions ofthe channel will be lined with stone masonry, stone-filled gabionsand mattresses and reinforced concrete.

4. One of the requirements for the Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project is the conducting of anEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to examine, analyze and assess the environmental soundnessand sustainability of the proposed project.

5. From the overall assessment of the proposed rehabilitation of Nakivubo Channel, the projectpresents beneficial impacts towards:

* Reduction in number of flooding events in urbanised areas;* Reduction in flood levels in the Nakivubo Channel flood plain;

Enhanced aesthetics of the Nakivubo Channel (planting of trees, channel alignment,channel lning, pedestrian footbridges, vehicular culverts and bridges);

* Improved access (provision of footbridges);* Reduction of pollution levels (repair of leaking sewers, provision of trash screens across

the channel at several locations, increased number of solid waste containers, improvedsolid waste collection);

* Improved traffic circulation (widening of key bridges and culverts, reduction in floodingincidents);

* Reduced economic impacts of flooding on commercial activities;* Inmproved access for pedestrians during minstorm events (reduced ponding); and* Increase property values in the vicinity of the Nakivubo Channel.

6. The rehabilitation of Nakivubo Channel will have minimum negative impact on the ecology ofthe immediate area alongside the channel and in areas of raw material extraction. The various impactsinclude effects on flora and fauna, soil compaction, soil erosion, alteration of landscape, decreasedaesthetics and other ecological risks during construction of the project. All these impacts will beeffectively mitigated by the contractor and the Kampala City Council.

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7. This Environmental hmpact Assessment notes appropriate mitigation measures which will betaken to address the environmental impacts during and following implementation of the project.Responsibilities of various agencies during the construction and operation of the channel are identified.An environmental monitoring system is also provided. Most of the adverse environmental impacts,during the construction phase, will be short-term. Mitigation measures are included in the contractdocument in order to ensure proper mitigation and effective monitoring. An altemative to therehabilitation of the Nakivubo Channel would be to construct a new channel. This alternative is lessfavourable because it poses greater environmental impacts compared to the rehabilitation project due tothe topography of the catchment and the existing developments and is more expensive.

8. Alternatives to the proposed rehabilitation project include (a) No action, (b) designing to themaximum probable Flood (MPF), and (c) covering large sections of the channel. Option (a) is notpolitically acceptable, options (b) and (c) are not economically viable at this time.

9. No significant adverse long-term environmental impacts resulting from project implementationhave been identified.

1. BACKGROUND TO TIHE NAKIVUBO CHANNEL REHABILITATION PROJECT

1.1 Introduction

I . The City of Kampala is built on a series of hills which have moderate to steep slopes, typicallyin the range 10-25%. More than 95% of the presently developed central urban area of Kampala drainsinto the Nakivubo Channel, a natural drainage channel some 9 kilometers in length which dischargesinto Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria. The total catchment area for the Nakivubo Channel is approximately27 km2.

2. At the present time, and owing to the present inadequate carrying capacity of the channel,serious flooding of certain parts of town occur several times a year, causing considerable disruption totraffic flows, flooding of industrial and other facilities, and consequent economic loss. Most floodingproblems associated with city roads in Kampala occur in the lower Nakivubo catchment downstream ofEntebbe Road. Other roads which are flooded during heavy rains include Allen Road and NakivuboPlace.

3. The Nakivubo Channel has been channelized in the past as increasing development withinKampala has created higher runoff and reduced time of concentration for peak discharge flows, leadingto greatly increased peak stormwater discharge flows.

4. The present condition ofthe Nakivubo Channel prevents it from perfonming as intended. Thechannel is heavily silted, and there is an abundance of debris along most sections, preventing it fromoperating at its maximum carrying capacity. Parts of the channel have been lined in the past, althoughseveral parts have been washed away. Several stretches of the channel have no definite cross-section dueto erosion of the side banks.

5. The present design capacity ofthe channel is not known. The channel is crossed by severalwater and sewerage pipes, which trap debris carried down the channel, thereby reducing the channel'salready limited discharge carrying capacity. The channel is also crossed by a number of road andrailway bridges as well as pedestrian crossings.

6. Substantial development has taken place within the channel's floodplain in the past, encroachingon the channel width and further restricting the overall discharge capacity of the channel. Landacquisition problems limit the potential for significant widening of the present channel reserve, withoutresulting in protracted land acquisition and possible resettlement issues.

7. The channel is generally considered to be in a poor state, owing to lack of proper maintenanceover the last several years. There is therefore a perceived need to rehabilitate the channel, in order tocorrect existing deficiencies and increase its flow carrying capacity, as well as to make provisions foreffective operation and maintenance following its completion.

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1.2 Scope of the First Urban Project

8. The IDA-financed First Urban Project (FUP), Credit 2206-UG, seeks to support theGovernment's efforts to decentralize responsibility for the planning, design and management of servicedelivery to local authorities. The project includes the following objectives:

a) Improving living conditions and alleviating poverty in Kampala by restoring keyinfrastructure services and related maintenance activities;

b) Improving urban financial management by i) strengthening the revenue base of KCC, andii) promoting sound urban cost recovery policies;

c) Strengthening institutional capacity by i) supporting decentralised local urbanmanagement; ii) increasing Ministry of Local Government's capacity to assist localauthorities to increase their revenue base and strengthen financial management; and iii)increasing KCC's capacity to manage urban land development.

9. The project has helped restore some of KCC's credibility with respect to markets administration,refuse collection and disposal, and the provision and maintenance of infrastructure, particularly roadsand storm drainage networks.

1.3 Scope of Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project

10. The scope of the Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project (NCRP) consists of drainageimprovements and upgrading within the Nakivubo Channel drainage catchment area, including theNakivubo Channel from north of Kampala to the point of discharge in a swamp about 3 km fromMurchison Bay. The works to be carried out include:

e Repair, rehabilitation, localized realignment, deepening and widening of the NakivwboChannel to increase the channel discharge capacity to correspond with the 1:10 year designreturn period stonn. This will reduce or eliminate recurrent flooding in parts of Kampala,including the Clocktower Roundabout and the Industrial Area;

* Widening of culvert and bridge crossings as required to enable free discharge of the 1:100year design return period storm through each of the culverts and bridges;

* In conjunction with culvert and bridge widening, lengthening of some culvert and bridgecrossings, including the culvert under Entebbe Road, to improve traffic flow and reducetraffic congestion; and

* Auxiliary works to improve drainage of localized "Black Spots" both near the main channeland along its tributaries, in order to help eliminate water ponding.

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2.0 EXISTING DRAINAGE PROBLEMS FACING KAMPALA CITY

1. The extent and cause of flooding in individual areas of Kampala are discussed in the followingsubsections.

2.1 Clocktower Roundabout and Surrounding Area

2. This is probably the area where the most disruptive flooding occurs. The flooding is attributableto insufficient stormwater discharge-carrying capacity of the Nakivubo Channel, as well as to blocked orinefficient storm water drainage in the general vicinity of the Roundabout. A tributary from Katwe tothe Nakivubo Channel in the area near the Clocktower Roundabout also contributes to flooding of thePan African Park and surrounding area.

3. After moderately heavy rains, flooding occurs around the Clocktower Roundabout and alongEntebbe Road, as well as railway land east of the Clocktower Roundabout, and on both sides of the by-pass road. The depth of flooding that occurs is sufficient to prevent cars and light vehicles fromnegotiating the Roundabout. This Roundabout is one of the most important access points between theKampala city center and the main roads leading south towards Entebbe and its international airport onLake Victoria, and west towards the west and south-west of Uganda.

4. The Nakivubo Channel often overtops, flooding the low-lying areas adjacent to the by-passroad, including the sports field adjacent to the Police Training School on the far side of the by-pass road.Much of the land adjacent to this by-pass road is lower than the road surface, which does not generallyflood.

2.2 Industrial Area

5. Lack of carrying capacity in the Nakivubo Channel contributes to the severe flooding problemswhich occur in the Industrial Area, notably Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Streets, and Kibira Road which areseriously damaged during periodic flooding after major rainstorm events. In addition, surface watertakes some time to drain from the road surface in these areas, further aggravating the problems ofpavement damage.

6. The Industrial Area drains into the Nakivubo Channel through some seven outlets locatedbehind Sixth Street, and one outlet located to the east of Fifth Street behind the oil depot. All of theseoutlets are drowned during periods of high flow in the Nakivubo channel, which results in severerestriction in their carrying capacity. Since most of the drainage systems in this part of the IndustialArea have recently been repaired and improved, it would appear that the major remaining measure whichcan be taken is the rehabilitation of the Nakivubo Channel itself.

2.3 Other Problem Drainage Areas (Black Spots)

7. A number of locations have been identified where, owing to improper drainage, the water isunable to find its way down to the Nakivubo Channel without causing localised flooding. These areasinclude: the crossing of a tributary at Kafumbe Road/Kisenyi Junction, Lugogo Channel and a drainfrom across Coronation Avenue, a tributary crossing Makerere Road at the Aga Khan Schools.

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3.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

3.1 National Environmental Statute (1995)

1. The National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) was created in 1995 under theNational Environmental Statute. In accordance with this statute, NEMA is responsible for themanagement of the environment and shall co-ordinate, monitor and supervise all activities in the field ofthe environment.

2. The National Environmental Statute (1995) covers national environmental policy in Uganda.Several sections of the statute contain provisions which may affect the Nakivubo Channel RehabilitationProject. These provisions include the following sections which may be of relevance to the NCRP.

O Section 20: Environmental Impact Assessment - In accordance with this section of thestatute, developers are required to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment if the leadagency in consultation with NEMA is of the view that the project:

* "may have an impact on the environment;* is likely to have a significant impact on the environment; or* will have a significant impact on the environment."

C Section 24: Environmental Monitoring - In accordance with this section of the statute,NEMA shall, in consultation with a lead agency, monitor the operation of the project with aview to determining its immediate and long-term effects on the environment, usingappointed inspectors under Section 80 of the statute.

O Section 27: Standards for Discharge of Effluent into Water - in accordance with this sectionof the Statute, NEMA may, in consultation with the lead agency provide standards for thedischarge of effluents into water.

3.2 The Water Statute (Commencement) Instrument (1995)

3. The Water Statute (Commencement) Instrument (1995) covers operation of water services inUganda. Several sections of the statute contain provisions which may affect the NCRP. Theseprovisions include the following sections which may be of relevance to the NCRP:

O Section 99(1): Interference with works - In accordance with this section of the statute, "Aperson shall not cause or allow to cause or allow any works acquired, constructed oroperated under this statute to be interrupted, interfered with, altered, moved, damaged ordestroyed, except as provided in the statute."

O Section 99(3): In accordance with this section of the statute, " In any proceedings for anoffence under this section, proof of the existence of any structure, obstuction or device onland capable of causing an interruption, interference, alteration, movement, damage ordestruction is prima face evidence that on internption, interference, alteration, movement,damage or destruction occurred attthe time that structure, obstruction or device is proved tohave existed."

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O Section 100(1): Tampering with Works - in accordance with this section ofthe statute, aperson shall not:

(a) Uncover or expose any main, pipe, or other underground works vested ina water authority;

(b) Willfully or negligently break, damage, injure, open, alter or obstruct anymain, pipe, meter or other works vested in a water authority; and

(c) Alter the index of any meter or prevent or impend any meter from dulyregistering the quantity of water supplied, except with the permission ofthe responsible water authority.

O Section 101: Structures - in accordance withthis section ofthe statutes:

(1) A person shall not, without the consent of authority cause or allow:(a) a structure to be built, or filling to be placed on land in which the

authority has a proprietary interest;(b) a structure to be built, or filling to be placed within four meters of any

works of an authonty,(c) any soil, rock, or other matter that supports, protects or covers any works

of any authority to be removed.

(2) An application for an authority's consent under subsection (i) shall be made in themanner prescribed by the authority and shall be accompanied by plans and otherinfornation that the authority may require.

(3) A person, who, with the consent of any authority, causes or allows anything referredto in subsection (i) to be done shall make sure that it is done in accordance with anyconditions which the authority gave with the consent if any.

(4) If a structure has been built or filling placed on land contrary to this section, anauthority may, by notice in writing to the owner or occupier of the land, require theoccupier or owner to alter, remove or relocate the structure or filling within the timespecified in the notice, whether or not the structure was built or the filling placed by oron behalf of the owner or occupier.

(5) If a person to whom a notice is given under subsection (4) does not comply with thenotice within the time specified, or any longer time allowed by the authorit, theauthority may:

(a) Carry out the requirernents of the notice; and(b) Recover from that person its reasonable costs of carrying out paragraph

(a); or(c) Exercise the powers conferred on it by section 95.

(6) Consent given by an authority under subsection (3) shall be binding upon theapplicant, his heirs, successors and assignees and the owner or occupiers for the timebeing of the land, whether or not that person has notice of the consent or theconditions thereof.

(7) A person who contravenes the provisions of this section or causes or allows anyperson to contravene the provision of this section or any condition attached to anyapproval of an authority comnmits an offence.

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3.3 The National Policy for Conservation and Management of Wetland Resources (1995)

4. The National Policy for Conservation and Management of Wetland Resources (1995), issued bythe Ministry of Water Resources, Uganda, provides guidance on environmentally sound managementand sustainable use of wetlands. The document issues specific guidelineson (a) water balance activities,and (b) procedures to be followed by prospective wetland resource developers.

3.3.1 WaterBalanceActivities

The National Policy document provides the following guidance on water balanceactivities:

a) Users of a wetland must ensure that the overall water balance is maintained so that thesurface does not dry out. Ridging and trenching may be performed within the wetland,allowing the growth of crops requiring drier soils, as long as the water level does notfall below about 0.5 metres from the top of the ridge. A wetland shall under nocircumstances be drained.

b) Bunding of fields to control the water level within the wetland must similarly ensurethat the water table does not fall below about 0.5 metres of the soil surface.

3.3.2 Procedures to befollowed by Prospective WedlandResourceDevelopers

The National Policy document provides the following guidance on procedures to befollowed by prospective wetland resources developers:

Unless the total area to be developed is less than 0.25 hectares, or as may be determinedby the authority, any developer shall provide an approved environmental impact assessmentbased on the following:

a) Identify the wetland on a map at a scale of 1:50,000 and describe the current use of thewetland.

b) Describe the intended use of the wetland development by:

(i) Stating whether the use is for the benefit of an individual, a private company,society or a community organisation.

(ii) Providing a detailed description of the proposed activity e.g. fanning, fishing,(iii) Demonstrating that the proposed activity benefits the community, the economy

and that it is both environmentally sound and sustainable.

c) The completed application and the EIA should be sent to the District Authorities, andcopied to the Department concemed with Environment Protection, after approval bythe LC1, LC2, LC3 committees inthe area concemed.

d) Any costs involved will be borne by the developer.

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4.0 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE STRATEGY FOR IMPROVEDDRAINAGE

4.1 Improvements to Nakivubo Channel

1. The following environmentally appropriate strategy is proposed for improvements to NakivuboChannel:

(i) Designing the channel with a view to reducing or eliminating the incidence of flooding inKampala during significant storm events;

(ii) Identification and appropriate zoning of areas within the Nakivwbo Channel catchmentwhich will remain at risk due to 1:100 year return period rainstorm events, e.g.recreational use;

(iii) Reducing the adverse economic impacts due to flooding of major roads, includingintersections such as Clocktower Roundabout, in low-lying areas both in the businessdistrict and Industrial Areas within Kampala,

(iv) Reduction in solid waste discharge down the channel to its point of discharge in theswampy areas adjacent to Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria, through incorporation of trashscreens into the channel design;

(v) Enhancing the appearance of the channel through appropriate use of design standards andbeautification program, including footpaths and trees;

(vi) Improving living conditions for a large percentage of the population of Kampala duringand after rainstorms.

4.2 Other Improvements (Auxiliary Works to Address Black Spots)

2. The following environmentally appropriate strategy is proposed for other improvements withinthe Nakivubo drainage catchment area, to address Black Spots:

(i) Identification of key areas (Black Spots) within the Nakivubo Channel catchment areawhere auiliary works drainage works are required in order to limit other major floodingproblems. These areas include: (a) the Clocktower Roundabout; (b) the LugogoJUMAShowground; (c) the Kafumbe Road/Kisenyi Lane Junction; and (d) Makerere Road / AgaKhan Secondary School.

(ii) Implementation of the "Black Spot" emergency drainage work program with a view toreducing the adverse economic impacts due to flooding of major roads and properties.

(iii) Selection of environmentally suitable construction materials, including locally quarriedstone for channel lining where appropriate.

(iv) Application of enviromnentally appropriate constuction methods.

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5.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

5.1 Nakivubo Channel Improvements

1. The following are being considered:

(i) Selection of channel design criteria, including appropriate return-period design storm, andchannel design life, based on engineering, environmental, social, economic, financial andphysical criteria;

(ii) Review of project conceptual design altematives, economic analysis, and selection of leastcost alternative to meet the design, including environmental criteria;

(iii) Selections of appropriate construction materials, both for the channel sides and bottom,and associated structures including bridges and culverts. Environmentally appropriateconstruction materials which are being considered for the channel lining include: (a)grassed earth side slopes; (b) stone masonry; (c) stone-filled, wire mesh gabions andmattresses; and (d) reinforced concrete for side slopes and retaining walls.

(iv) Incorporation of appropriate mitigation measures into the designs, in accordance withNEMA and IDA environmental guidelines;

(v) Widening of existing structures including box culverts and bridges, with sufficientcapacity to handle the 1:100 year flood discharge without overtopping;

(vi) Implementation of the construction of the improvement works for the drainage channel,over two or more years, including construction supervision, with full application ofenvironmental guidelines as agreed with NEMA and IDA;

(vii) Preparation of a long-term project management plan, including operations andmaintenance plan (both routine and periodic), following construction and handover of thechannel by the contractor to the client, to ensure the long-term protection both of theworks and of the environment.

5.2 Auxiliary Works

2. The following improvements to the Nakivubo Drainage catchment area are proposed as part ofthe auxiliary works:

5.2.1 Clocktower Roundabout

The aim is to eliminate the flooding which occurs after heavy rains by improving thestormwater drainage system. Proposed improvements include:

(i) Construction of open stone-pitched drains;(ii) Construction of open concrete-lined drains;(iii) Construction of culverts across the roads in the vicinity of the Clocktower

Roundabout, in order to increase the rate of storm water flow across the roads.Culverts will be precast concrete pipes and in situ constructed rectangularconcrete box culverts;

(iv) Clearing of existing underground drains along Entebbe Road, Queensway,Mengo Hill Road, and Nakivubo Place Road;

(v) Construction of larger stormwater catchpits along Entebbe Road andQueensway, to replace the existing smaller 150mm - 200mm catchpits.

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5.2.2 Lugogo/Uganda Manufacturers'Association 'sShowground

The aim is to eliminate the flooding which occurs after heavy rains by improving theflow of the Lugogo Channel and the drain from Uganda Manufacturers' Association's (UMA)Showground across Coronation Avenue. Proposed improvements include:

(i) Widening and concrete lining about 100m of Lugogo Channel and the drainfrom UMA Showground;

(ii) Construction of stone-lined and unlined catchwater drain along CoronationAvenue;

(iii) Construction of access culverts (prefabricated concrete pipes) across thecatchwater drain;

(iv) Construction of larger stormwater catchpits along Coronation Avenue betweenthe Lugogo Channel and UMA Showground;

(v) Construction of new larger culverts to replace existing ones across CoronationAvenue for Lugogo Channel and a drain from UMA Showground;

(vi) Cleaning Lugogo Channel downstream of new culverts upto Nakivubo channel.

5.2.3 Kafumbe Road /Kisenyi Lane Junction

The aim is to eliminate the flooding of the area from the tributary nearby. The floodingis due to a lot of silt and debris which travels along the tributary and blocks the pipe culvertacross the junction. Also, due to the flat terrain in the area, the slope of the existing culvert isvery small and this contributes to the deposition of silt and consequent blockage of the drain andculverts. Proposed improvements include:

(i) Demolishing and removal of part of the existing precast concrete pipe culverts;(ii) Replacement with rectangular concrete culvert, blockage of the pipe culverts

which have been left in place, and diversion of the drainage channel water to theadjacent existing open drain;

(iii) Construction of a new drain from the outlet of the proposed rectangular culvertto the existing drain between Owino Market and Nakivubo Stadium;

(iv) Reconstruction of the existing drain between Owino Market and NakivuboStadium, including widening of part of the channel and lining with stonemasonry;

(v) Reconstruction of adjacent Kisenyi Lane over the proposed rectangular culvert.

5.2.4 MakerereRoad/Aga K/han Secondary School

The aim is to eliminate flooding of the area from the tributary nearby. The flooding isdue to the inadequacy of the culvert in the tributary, which comprises two concrete pipes. Alarger culvert would replace these pipes, and the channel lined over a short distancedownstream of the culvert. Proposed improvements include:

(i) Demolishing the existing culverts and replacing it with twin box culverts;(ii) Trimming and shaping the channel over a distance of 50 m upstream and

downstream of the culvert, and lining with stone masonry, cleaning the tributaryup to Nakivubo Channel;

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(iii) Construction of a silt trap 50 m upstream of the culvert; and(iv) Reconstruction of a section of the road over the proposed culvert.

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6.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AT THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITES

6.1 Project Location

1. The Nakivubo Channel originates within the city of Kampala, capital of Uganda. TheNakivubo Channel is a natural drainage channel some 9 km in length which discharges into MurchisonBay, Lake Victoria. The total catchment area for the Nakivubo Channel is approximately 27 kIn'.

2. The Nakivubo Channel is the main stormwater drainage channel for the city ofKampala. More than ninety-five percent (95%) of the developed central urban area of the citydrains into this channel.

3. The main channel starts from a spring located between Bat Valley, Wandegeya and MakerereKivulu to the northwest of the city, runs southwards for some 3 km to Clocktower Roundabout in theCentral Business District, then tums eastwards, through the Industrial Area of Kampala beforedischarging into Nakivubo swamp located between Luzira, Port Bell and Ggaba adjacent to MurchisonBay, Lake Victoria.

4. The channel was the object of some realignment, widening and lining with concrete and stonedressed masonry in 1939. The only works which have been carried out for the channel since that dateinclude minor repairs to the channel lining, and occasional desilting of the channel.

6.2 Description of Features

6.2.1 Land Use

The first 900 m of the channel from its spring source near Makerere Hill Road to thevicinity of Kisekka Road culvert runs through predominantly undeveloped land, much of whichis under cultivation.

From Kisekka Road culvert to Entebbe Road Bridge, over a distance of approximately1700 m, the channel runs through predominantly developed areas of Kampala, and is adjacent toimportant landmarks including Nakivubo Stadium, the Owino Market, Nakivubo PrimarySchool, the Central Business District and the Clocktower Roundabout on Entebbe Road.

From Entebbe Road Bridge to Fiffh Street Bridge, over a distance of approximately4300 m, the channel runs alongside predominantly open or partially developed areas includingthe Uganda Railway Corporation railway yards and main lines, and the Industrial Area ofKampala.

From Fifth Street Bridge up to the point of discharge of the channel in the Nakivuboswamps adjacent to Murchison Bay, over a distance of approximately 2000 m, the channel runsthrough predominantly undeveloped flood plains, much of which are under cultivation.

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6.2.2 Natural Physical Resources (Air, Water, Soil)

62.2.1 Air Quality

There are relatively few industries which affect air quality in the project area.Some of the main air polluting activities include fuel gas from Mukwano soap industryand the obnoxious smell from the city abattoir.

6.2.2.2 Water Quality

There are several point sources and other sources of pollution of the NakivuboChannel. These include damaged sewage pipes running along the channel and the MeatPackers/Municipal abattoir.

Solid waste: There is physical evidence that significant quantities of solid wasteare dumped illegally, either directly into the Nakivubo Channel, or in some of its severaltributaries. Solid wastes include domestic wastes comprising organic and inorganicwastes such as plastic containers, vegetable waste, food waste, papers, glass, and wastecans/metals. There is also evidence of illegal dumping of non-domestic wastes includingcommercial and industrial wastes, including glass, metal, plastics, gasing wastes,batteries, waste concrete, organic wastes, medical and hazardous wastes.

6.2.2.3 Soils

The soils in the project area are primarily clay of sandy-silty matrix.

6.2.3 Natural Biological Resources

6.2.3.1 Flora

Flora within the project area includes Eucalyptus spp plantation at thebeginning of the channel. Further down along the channel, some areas are overgrownwith wetland vegetation, including papyrus. The channel banks have herbaceouscommunities. Information gathered while canrying out the Environmental ImpactAssessment indicates that in general, the flora in the project area present minimalconservation conflicts because they are neither endangered species nor limitedgeographically to this region. They do not appear in any know-list of endangeredspecies.

6.2.3.2 Fauna

Fauna of the project area consists primarily of small mammals such as rats andother rodents, birds, bats, reptiles and insects. In the papyms zone there are smallmammals such as Lophuromysflavopunctus and L Sikapusi (common brush-furredrats), Dasymus incomfus (shaggy rat), Lemnicomys natalensis (common striped grassrat) and Mus minutoides (pigmy mouse). Information gathered while carrying out theEnvironmental Impact Assessment indicates that in general, the fauna in the project areapresent minimal conservation conflicts because they are neither endangered species nor

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limited geographically to this region. They do not appear in any know-list ofendangered species.

6.2.4 Economic Development

62.4.1 Industrial Area

The Industrial Area, which covers approximately 59 hectares or 29% of the totalNakivubo Channel catchment area, is the largest industrial estate in Uganda. It is builton reclaimed land, which forms part of the swampy floodplain of the NakivuboChannel. The Industrial Area lies on either side of the channel and its main tributaries,the Kitante and Lugogo channels.

There are over 200 industrial and commercial companies, includinginternational joint ventures, located in the Industrial Area. The lower part of theIndustrial Area, which includes the whole length of Sixth and Seventh Streets, and partsof Fifth Street and Kabira Road, are seriously affected by frequent flooding due todischarge capacity constraints in the Nakivubo Channel.

62.4.2 Markets, Car Parks and Bus Stations

The markets, car parks and bus stations cover an area of approximately 11hectares or 5% of the channel's catchment. They are located along the busy commercialarea of Nakivubo Road. Kisekka Market, the New Taxi Park, the Sauri Yako Market,the Bus Park and Owino Market all lie either along Allen Road or Nakivubo Place, bothof which are prone to flooding, and are located adjacent to the channel along its upperreach.

Owino Market is the most important market area, covering almost 4 hectares.The market comprises a central haU with some 470 lock-up shops and 4,700 stalls,sheds, tables and infoimal selling places on open ground. The market is the mostpopular food and commodity market in Kampala. Daily attendance is estimated to beupward of 90,000 customers per day, seven days a week.

6.2.4.3 Railway Station and Yards

The railway station is the terminus of the line, which originates in Mombasa,Kenya. The railway yards cover an area of approximately 15 hectares, or 7% of thechannel's catchment area. The railway yards receive and transport crops includingcoffee, tea, cotton and sesame for export. The railway is also used for the transport ofanimal products. The lower part of the railway yards is subject to frequent flooding,which adversely affects handling and trade in commodities. This causes strong protestsfrom customers, many of whom elect to use alternative means of trasport, to thedetiment of the railway.

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6.2.5 Socio-economic Status

6.2.5.1 Residential and Commercial Areas

This Nakivubo Channel catchment area includes: (a) residential and mixed usebuildings (approximately 6 hectares, or 3% of the catchment area), (b) public andcommunity buildings (approximately 10 hectares or 5% of the catchment area), and (c)streets and Roundabouts (approximately 8 hectares or 4% of the catchment area).

Residential and mixed use buildings are mainly concentrated in the central partof the flooded areas, along Nsambya and Kibuli Roads. They mostly compriseinstitutional housing estates for families of police officers and railway employees.

Public and community buildings are to be found throughout the upper reachesof catchment area within Kampala City, with a high concentration in the vicinity ofClocktower Roundabout, a flood-prone area. They include schools, sports fields andrecreational areas.

Streets and Roundabouts are to be found throughout the catchment area withinKampala City. Those streets and Roundabouts, which are subject to periodic flooding,include Clocktower Roundabout, which is one of the busiest intersections in Kampalaand is probably the worst affected by flooding. Other affected areas include the entirelength of Sixth and Seventh Streets, parts of Allen Street, Nakivubo Place, Nakivuboarea by-pass, Kibuli Road and Press House Road, and the lower section of Fifth Streetand Kibira Road.

6.2.5.2 Meadows and Waterlogged Surfaces

Meadows and waterlogged surfaces are to be found almost exclusively in themiddle and lower reaches of the Nakivubo Channel, downstream of Fifth Street Bridge,where the channel enters a swampy area where patches of reclaimed land are cultivatedby local farmers, mainly for yam and cassava. Beyond the final railway crossing overthe Nakivubo Channel, the channel flow discharges into the Nakivubo swamp.

6.2.6 Quality of Life Issues

There are many streets, shops and markets, as well as bus stations located along theupper reaches of the Nakivubo Channel within Kampala, particularly between Kisekka Roadculvert and Entebbe Road Bridge next to Clocktower Roundabout. In these areas, there is a highconcentration of pedestrians and/or cars or other means of transport during most of the day.

There are frequent flooding events along this section of the channel during the rainyseason. These flooding events seriously affect the roads in the area, and disrupt bothcommercial and social activities of the population in the area. It is not unusual for the depth ofwater to reach 0.5 metres in some locations, notably at the Clocktower Roundabout, seriouslydisrupting traffic flow in the area.

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6.2.7 Environmentally SensitiveAreas of Special or Unique Scienfifc, Socio-economic orCultural Value

None of the areas, which are affected by the proposed project, contain areas of special orunique scientific, socio-economic or cultural value, which would be likely to be adverselyaffected by the proposed NCRP.

Several of the areas along the length of the Nakivubo Channel have socio-economicactivities which would be enhanced by the proposed NCRP, due to the elimination or significantreduction in the number of flooding incidents expected after the proposed rehabilitation works.

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7.0 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

7.1 Beneficial Environmental Impacts

7.1.1 Nakivubo ChannelDrainageImprovements

The primary objective of the NCRP is to improve the flow discharge capacity of theNakivubo Channel, and thereby reduce or eliminate the number of flooding incidents andconsequent adverse impacts on the population in the affected areas. Construction of theNakivubo Channel improvement works will result in the following beneficial impacts:

* Reduction in number of flooding events in the affected areas;* Reduction in flood levels in the Nakivubo Channel flood plain;* Enhanced aesthetics of the Nakivubo Channel (planting of trees, channel alignment,

channel lining, pedestrian footbridges, vehicular culverts and bridges);* Improved access (provision of footpaths);* Reduced pollution levels (repair of leaking sewers, provision of trash screens across the

channel at several locations);• Improved traffic circulation (widening of key bridges and culverts, reduction in flooding

incidents);* Reduced economic impacts of flooding on commercial activities;* Improved access for pedestrians during rainstorm events (reduced ponding); and* Increased property values in the vicinity of Nakivubo Channel.

7.1.2 Auxiliary Works Improvements

The primary objective of the auxiliary works is to improve drainage in the NakivuboChannel catchment.

* Reduction of flooding in the Nakivubo Channel catchment;* Improved access (access culverts) pedestrian lane;• Enhanced aesthetics of the catchment of the channel (concrete lined drains, pedestrian

bridges);* Improved traffic circulation (reduction of flooding of roads); and* Improved pedestrian movement during rainstorm (reduced ponding on roads).

7.2 Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

7.2.1 Construction Activities

During construction for the NCRP, large numbers of construction personnel, and heavymachinery (excavators, trucks, etc.) are likely to be used. Construction will likely cause damageto some of the flora and fauna in the area, soil erosion, and adverse aesthetic impacts. Inaddition, there will be transport of substantial volumes of materials (stone, aggregate, cement,reinforcement steel, and soil) to and from the site. Much of this construction activity will takeplace within the urbanised areas of Kampala, causing noise, dust, traffic disruption, and adverseaesthetic impacts.

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These adverse impacts will be temporary in nature and largely limited to the two-yearconstruction period. Mitigation measures will be taken to reduce the adverse impacts to aminimum, through the incorporation of specific environmental clauses into the constructioncontract, and enforcement of these clauses upon the contractor. Specific details of thesemitigation measures are further described below.

7.2.2 Vegetation Removal

Destruction of vegetation will occur during excavation works for the channel widening.Vegetation removal will cause loss of fauna habitat, and adverse aesthetic impacts.

The construction contract documents will incorporate provisions for limiting soilerosion, and sediment control measures. These will include requirements for the contractor tolimit the working areas to be cleared ahead of construction, and for treatment of the completedchannel to be effected as soon as practicable, including revegetation of bank slopes where theseare to be unlined.

7.2.3 Soil Erosion and Soil Compaction

There will likely be a degree of soil erosion during construction, particularly during therainy season, and especially in areas where the soil is relatively loose. This can result intransport and deposition of fine materials (sands, silts and clays) downstream.

The construction contract will require earth faces left exposed by construction activitiesto be treated as soon as practicable, including revegetation where required, to minimise theamount of soil erosion.

The contractor will be limited in the activities which he will be authorised to carry outduring the rainy seasons, particularly below flood water levels. He will be required to treatexcavated areas below flood water levels appropriately as required under the design contrct,e.g. through use of stone gabions and mattresses, before the start of each rainy season.

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7.2.4 Traffic Disruption

There is likely to be substantial traffic disruption resulting from construction activities.This disruption may include lane closures or temporary closure of some vehicular culverts andbridges, demolishing of existing footbridges, and increased truck and other construction traffic.

The contractor will be required to submit a detailed traffic management plan beforecommencement of the work, for approval by KCC's traffic management division. This trafficmanagement plan will include details of lane closures and/or bridges to be closed, proposeddiversions, and duration of disruptions. In addition, the traffic management plan will includelimitations on vehicular movements, e.g. to off-peak hours.

Existing pedestrian footbridges will be left in place until alternative means of accessacross the channel have been put in place, including construction of new footbridges whereappropriate.

7.2.5 Flow Diversion during Construction

There may be substantial temporary works associated with the diversion of channel flowduring construction activities. In addition, constuction activities may constrict the flowcarrying capacity of the channel.

The contractor will be required to submit his detailed proposals for channel flowdiversion during construction, for approval by the supervising engineer and KCC. Thecontractor will be required to indicate how he proposes to construct the diversionary works, andbe held responsible for reinstatement of the site to its pre-existing condition upon completion ofthe diversionary works.

In order to minimise the potential for flooding during channel construction, the contractdocuments will include restrictions on the contractor's activities during the rainy season,including work within the channel below flood water level, in order to minimise the risk ofobstructing flows during the rainy season, and with a view to minimising the extent ofdiversionary works required.

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8.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

8.1 Introduction

1. There are very limited options available for the reduction or elimination of the floodingproblems in Kampala. The Nakivubo Channel is the main natural channel for carrying stonn waterflows away from Kampala's downtown area. Options which have been considered and not consideredrealistic include:

* Diversion of storm water flows to another catchment basin; and* Discharging flows to combined sewers for discharge to the sewage treatment plant.

2. Options, which have been considered, are described below.

8.2 Nakivubo Channel Drainage Improvements

8.2.1 The No Action Option

There are strong political and economic pressures to resolve the current serious floodingproblems in Kampala, which are largely due to the inadequate canying capacity of NakivuboChannel. Hence, the No Action alternative has not been considered as a viable option.

In addition, the economic analysis shows that there is a net positive economic return dueto the NCRP.

8.2.2 DesigningforMaximumProbableFlood

There does not appear to be a justification for designing forthe Maximum ProbableFlood (MPF), given Kampala's location at the top end of the Nakivubo Channel catchment,negligible consequent risk of loss of life, and right-of-way restrictions along the length of thechannel which would likely involve population resettlement issues, and costly propertyacquisition.

The channel design has looked at the maximum return period flood for which theNakivubo Channel could realistically be designed. Culverts, bridges and other structures havebeen designed to carry the 1 in 100 year storm flood. The channel itself has been designed tocarry the l in 10 year flood.

8.2.3 Covered Concrete Channel

There does not appear to be an economic justification at this time for providing acovered concrete channel over even part of the length of the watercourse, with the exception ofroad crossings, given the relatively low value of real estate in Kampala.

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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING

1. The purpose of environment management organisation is to define the responsibilities andprocedures for implementing sound environmental practices for the project.

9.1 Management Organisation

2. NEMA is the principal agency in Uganda for the management of the environment and it co-ordinates, monitors and supervises all activities in the field of the environment in accordance to theNational Environmental Statute 1995. In doing so, NEMA liaises with the private sector, othergovernmental organisations, non-governmental agencies, government agencies of other states on issuespertaining to the environment.

3. The management of the Nakivubo Channel will be the responsibility of KCC. KCC will drawout a management plan for the project for implementing sound envirommental practices duringconstruction and operation of the channel.

9.2 Personnel

4. KCC will provide the required personnel for the monitoring and maintenance of the NakivuboChannel and drains in the catchment. In addition, solid waste management requirements will beaddressed as these have a direct impact on the channel and drains in the catchment.

9.3 Resources

5 . For a successful environmental management in the Nakivubo catchment Tesources in form ofmaterials and money are required. It will be the responsibility of KCC to provide resources forenvironmental monitoring, channel and drains maintenance and solid waste management in theNakivubo Channel catchment.

9.4 Training

6. Implementation of social environmental practices require skilled personnel. It will be theresponsibility of KCC to ensure that the right personnel are available for the task of environmentalmonitoring, assessment and maintenance of the channel and drains in the catchment.

7. Training of personnel will therefore be necessary in order to have an efficient workforce forenvironmental management. In order to obtain appropriate training for different levels, KCC will liaiseswith NEMA for advice.

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10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

I. Monitoring is used to see what impacts occur to ensure that the anticipated impacts aremaintained within the levels predicted. It ensures that the conditions of approval are adhered to and thatthe mitigation measures are effectively applied and the benefits expected from the EIA are achieved.This will provide information necessary for periodic reviews and alteration of environmentalmanagement plans if deemed necessary hence optimising environmental protection through goodpractice. At all stages of the project KCC will follow the monitoring plan suggested by the EIA.

10.1 Surface Water Monitoring (location, parameters, frequency)

2. The key area of the environmental monitoring required during the operation of the rehabilitatedchannel is the monitoring of surface water. In order to identify any changes in water quality during theoperation of the channel, base line data is required for selected locations along the channel.

3 . NEMA, as the lead agency in Uganda responsible for environmental monitoring, should providethe personnel and resources for the environmental monitoring of Nakivubo Channel and drains in thecatchment.

4. Suggested locations for monitoring of water quality along the Nakivubo Channel will be ateffluent discharge points at Mukwano Soap Industry and the Municipal abattoir; the beginning of theChannel at Wandegeya; Nakivubo Place after Owino market and at the end of the chanmel near theswamps.

5. The water quality parameters to be determined and checked against the proposed NEMAstandards for discharge of effluent or wastewater (22/6/1998) are:

Ammonia Nitrogen Cadmium CyanideNitrate nitrogen Chromium (VI) pHChromium (Total) Mercury PhenolsArsenic Coliform organisms Phosphate (Soluble)BOD5 Phosphate LeadCOD DetergentsOil and grease TemperatureNitrogen -totalConductivityTotal suspended acids

10.2 Rainfall Data Monitoring

6. For the purpose of environment management related to Nakivubo Channel, the MeteorologicalDepartment, should maintain an up-to-date record of rainfall for Kampala area. This is an invaluabletool for predictions and hence preparations for the management of impacts that may be caused byrainstorms.

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10.3 Flood Damage Assessment

7. In order to avoid excessive flood damage to the Nakivubo Channel, and drains KCC will carryout visual checks after every major rainstorm to identify damage. Appropriate measures to rectify anydamage will be implemented as soon as practicable following damage assessment.

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11.0 IMPACT MONITORING

1. Monitoring of the impacts of the rehabilitation of Nakivubo Channel will take place during theconstruction and operation. Adherence to the proposed mitigation measures during the construction bythe contractor will be monitored by way of supervision and will be documented in the periodic reportscompiled. Monitoring to ensure adherence to the proposed mitigation measures during the operation ofthe channel will be the responsibility of KCC. KCC will provide resources and supervision required forthe sustainable operation of the Nakivubo Channel.

2. The Nakivubo Channel and catchment will be monitored for:

* Pollution against set standard for effluent as specified to be coordinated by NEMA. Siltation,debris accumulation, conditions of the drainage systems for the road networks in the channelbasin.

* General condition/state of the channel and drains and other activities that may interfere with theproper functioning of the channel (e.g. solid waste management in the basin), and projects thatmay interfere with the integrity of the channel.

3. Monitoring of the condition of Nakivubo Channel and drains, their functioning state andactivities in the basin that may affect their function will be undertaken regularly as specified, particularlyafter every heavy rainfall to ensure efficient functioning ofthe drainage system in Kampala. Monitoringwill evaluate the effectiveness/relevance of the proposed mitigation measures. A biannual monitoringreport will be produced by KCC to update the relevant authorities on the status of the channel and theKampala drainage system in general.

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12.0 INTER-AGENCY AND PUBLIC/NGO/PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT

12.1 Interaction with the National Environmental Management Agency

1. NEMA is the regulatory and enforcing body with respect to industrial discharges. AnEnvironmental Impact Assessment was submitted to NEMA in July 1998, in compliance with section 29of the National Environmental Statute (1995). In accordance with this section of the statute, allproposed projects are to undergo NEMA approval to ensure that they meet the NEMA standards beforethey are allowed to operate. The Environmental Impact Assessment is to be prepared if the lead agencyin consultation with NEMA is of the view that the project:

* "may have an impact on the environment* is likely to have a significant impact on the environment; or;* will have a significant impact on the environment."

12.2 Other Beneficiaries and Affected Groups

2. Primary beneficiaries and other affected groups have been involved in, and have influenced, theproject formulation in the following manners:

(1) The project is demand-driven, community participatory, and performance based. Intensiveconsultations were undertaken with vendors at Kiseka and Owino markets, NakivuboSettlement Primary School, Aga Khan Primary and Secondary Schools, property ownersand operators, industrialists including Mukwano and subsistence cultivators at the downstream end of the channel. All these are located within the vicinity of the channel.

(2) Others are utility companies whose services cross the channel at various places. TheNational Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) was consulted about designs ofalterations to its service lines. The Uganda Telecommunications company and theUganda Electricity Board prepared design sand cost estimates of alterations to theirservices, which have been incorporated in the works.

12.3 Other Key Stakeholders

3. Kampala City Council Executive Committee and the National Parliament through the SectoralCommittee on Local Government have been informed about the rehabilitation work on the channel.There have also been several press conferences where KCC executives have informed the general publicabout the impending rehabilitation works on the channel. All these have echoed the need forrehabilitating the channel.

4. Project management is complex and demanding. It requires specialist skills, experience,information, and the participation of interest groups and considerable amount of commitment. Nomanager, organisation or institution can work in isolation. Environmental management should thereforeinvolve all interested parties in order to be successful.

5. KCC will, in order to achieve sound management of the drainage system in Kampala, createinter-agency links and involve the private sector (e.g. industries), identified NGOs and the public (LCs).Exchange of information between the interested groups will enable KCC to prepare an effectiveenvironmental Management plan for the project, and execute it successfully.

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LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Guaff/Parkman, 1998. KampalaWater Supply Extension Project. Final Design Report. 1

2. Water Studies. Report prepared for the Ministry of Water and Mineral Development and nationalWater and Sewerage Corporation; Kampala. Uganda

3. FINNIDA. 1989. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Development Assistance.Draft 15 July .Helsinki

4. Environmental Resources Limited. 1990. Solid Waste Disposal - Kampala, Final Report

5. ECOTECH Consulting Environmental Management Finm, 1997. Environmental Impact Statementfor the proposed water channel at Kajjansi Airfield

6. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Uganda. National EnvironmentalManagement Authority. 1997

7. National Policy for the Conservation and Management of Wetlands Resource. 1995. Ministry ofNatural Resources, Government of Uganda.

8. The Water Statute (Commencement) Instrument, 1997, Government of Uganda

9. Techniplan S.PA. Rome. 1997. Feasibility Studyforthe Rehabilitation of Nakivubo ChannelPhase I, Final Report

10. The National Environmental Statute, 1995

11. Kagga & Partners Limited. Rehabilitation of Nakivubo Channel, Final Engineering Report

12. Kansiime, F, Kateyo. E and Okot-Okumu. J. 1995. Effects of Pollution of Inner Murchison Bay(Lake Victoria) on the distribution of abundance of plankton. Makerere University Institute ofEnvironment and Natural Resources

13. Okot-Okumu, J. Kateyo and Kansime. F, 1997,. Effects of Nutrient distribution on planktonecology of Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria, Makerere University Institute of Environment and NaturalResources

Consultations

Kagga & Partners LimitedKampala City CouncilMakerere University (Museum)Owino Market areaLead AgenciesUganda Railway Corporation (Yard employees)