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IBI GROUP Defining the cities of tomorrow
1
National Workshop on
Public Bicycle Sharing Scheme
4th March
Target Users of Guidance Document
Planning
Authority
Stakeholders
Transit
Agency
• City’s readiness for planning PBS
• Capacity building to undertake PBS (Design +
Implement + Invest)
• Improving infrastructure to support PBS
• Integrating PBS in transit systems planning as a
first and last mile connectivity
• Seek funding for planning PBS
• Implement in partnership with city agencies/ private
sector
• Resource guide for citizens
• Financing & Local Entrepreneurship
• Joint development opportunities
IBI GROUP Defining the cities of tomorrow
6
What is PBS? Ch.1
• Need based bicycle
availability for multiple
users on a sharing basis
• Commonly used for short
trips (0-5 kms)
• Multiple pick-up & drop-off
options
• Offers last mile
connectivity to public
transit
• Technology enabled
system for easier access
& tracking
Bicycle Sharing vs. Bicycle Renting
ATTRIBUTES CYCLE SHARING CYCLE RENTING
Type of Service Public Transport (alternative IPT) Private Venture
Types of trips /
customerShort-term/ Commuter & Tourist Long-term/ Tourist
Fare structureSubscription fee+ usage charge:
Encourages short trips
Subscription fee only:
encourages long term rentals
Accessibility24 hours a day (can vary between
systems)Normal working hours
Ownership Government Private
Capital funding Government Private
Revenue
Advertising, Sponsorships, User
Fee, Registration charges, Cross or
direct subsidies
Subscription Fee
Automation Fully/ semi automation Service personnel required
Renting systems requires user to pick-up & return the bicycle to the same
location thereby serving just one user.
PBS involves redistribution of bicycles allowing each bicycle to
serve several users per day.
STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTING PBS
Based on:
• Lessons Learned from Best
Practices
• Current Initiatives in India; and
• Workshop Feedback
• Framework for Guidance
Document based on five themes
STEP-1 ASSESS
The “Assess” step shall assist
in determining the city’s level
of readiness for planning a
PBS system and help in
deciding an initial scale and
scope of the project. It can also
be understood as a pre-
feasibility step.
Time Frame:
3 MonthsTotal 03 Months
Determine Initial Coverage Area
Coverage area can be
delineated based on:
• Areas with major trip
attractions and trip
generations
• Catchment area (2km) of
the transit corridor
• Captive institutional areas
and its neighbourhood
• existing NMT network
• Areas with relatively flat
terrain
STEP-2 ENABLE
The “Enable’ step focuses
on proactive tasks that cities
will need to take towards
implementing PBS
schemes.
These tasks are initiated
early-on in the process and
must continue throughout
the course of the project.
Time Frame:
1 MonthTotal 04 Months
STEP-2 ENABLE – GURGAON CITY
Technical Assistance Committee
Political Leaders
MCG / HUDA
MCG / HUDA Planners
Urban Transport Experts
NASSCOM and Representatives from
Corporates, Institutions
Embarq
Other Advocacy Groups
DMRC / Rapid Metro
Nominated Brand Ambassadors
STEP-3 PLAN + DESIGN
This step builds on the PBS
Components, and takes into
consideration:
• exact locations of
stations,
• type of hardware &
software components,
• operations plan, and
• branding guidelines.
Time Frame:
8 MonthsTotal 12 Months
PBS Features – System Size
Consideration for choosing an appropriate
PBS system:
• Place stations within a 5-10min walk
• Provide more connections to origins
and destinations
• Reasonable size to justify the cost to
operate the system.
• Place more station near densely
populated areas
Features of a PBS System
Ch.1
• Universal Design: Unisex frame accessible all age, gender and size
• Identity: Customized bicycles with unique features
• Secure: Provide unique parts and tools
• Advertising Space to generate additional revenue.
• Low Maintenance
PBS Features – Station Design
Modular Station Fixed Station Caged Fixed Station
Manual Station Semi-Automated
Station Fully Automated
Station
Space Availability
Technology
PBS Features – Station Design (Contd..)
Stand-alone docking space Caged Fixed Station
Bollard style Beam style
Docking Style
Docks
PBS Features – Station Placement
Entrance/Exit of Metro/
Commuter Rail /BRT stations
Sidewalks near
intersections
On-street parking spaces
Adjacent to NMT
infrastructure
Transportation Infrastructure
(Under Flyovers / Footbridges)
Private Developments
PBS Features – Station Sizing
SMALL SIZE STATION in Bangkok (<10 bikes)
The demand for the location should be
assessed by:
• Undertake Origin Destination survey
to identify where people are going
• Review existing mode splits
• Conduct survey to assess willingness
of people to shift to the PBS facility
• Mapping origin and destination
points that may create a higher demand
MEDIUM SIZE STATION in London (<20 bikes)
LARGE SIZE STATION in shanghai (<50 bikes)
PBS Features – Intelligent Technology Integration
The main elements that enable IT
integration are:
• Smart Cards or key
• Radio Frequency Identification
Device (RFID)
• Terminal
• Card Reader at bicycle dock
• GPS device in Bicycles
• Control Centre
• Mobile App / Website portals
Communications Systems and
User-Inter face Schematic
STEP-4 INVEST
The Invest section focuses on
establishing a sustainable
financing mechanism that is
essential for long term viability
of the system.
This includes:
• identifying a combination of
public funding sources,
• sponsors and other
revenue sources such as
advertising.
Time Frame:
1 MonthTotal 13 Months
STEP-4 INVEST – CAPITAL INVESTMENT
PhaseArea
(Sq. Km)Bicycles
PBS Stations
Small Medium Large Total
1 8.85 1260 60 23 5 88
2 31.29 3100 148 57 13 218
3 98.26 9800 467 179 39 685
Total 138.4 14160 675 259 57 991
GURGAON
PhaseArea
BicyclesPBS Stations
(Sq. Km) Small Medium Large Total
Pilot 8 1000 20 40 20 80
1(includingpilot area)
17.8 1800 60 80 40 180
2 45.1 4500 151 200 100 451
3 62.1 6200 251 250 120 621
Total(1+2+3)
125 12500 462 530 260 1252
VADODARA
STEP-4 INVEST – CAPITAL INVESTMENT
GURGAON
VADODARA
All Figures in INR
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Total OPEX per year
Automatic 27.74 Cr 65.13 Cr 198.17 Cr 291.59 Cr 4.76 Cr
Semi-Automatic
11.35 Cr 27.58 Cr 86.23 Cr 125.17 Cr 5.75 Cr
Manual 9.67 Cr 23.80 Cr 74.95 Cr 108.43 Cr 5.28 Cr
All Figures in INR
Pilot Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Total OPEX per year
Automatic 11.51 Cr 76.77 Cr 173.96 Cr 225.99 Cr 477 Cr 2.77 Cr
Semi-Automatic
4.19 Cr 29.63 Cr 60.27 Cr 80.11 Cr 170 Cr 2.89 Cr
Manual 3.44 Cr 25.56 Cr 50.45 Cr 67.36 Cr 143 Cr 2.48 Cr
Note: Operational Costs are calculated for Phase 01 investment only
Note: Operational Costs are calculated for Pilot investment only
STEP-5 IMPLEMENT
The IMPLEMENT section
identifies the roles and
responsibilities of all key
stakeholders, community
engagement and outreach,
project management,
supervision, monitoring and
evaluation
Time Frame:
3 MonthsTotal 16 months
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Can the city start PBS without
cycling infrastructure?
ANS:
• Safe cycling facilities desirable but
not critical to begin implementation |
Chicken & Egg
• Mixed traffic cycling in slower speed
environments: better enforcement
• Raise the profile of cycling &
encourage investment in
infrastructure
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Will it work in extreme weather?
ANS:
• Like cycling or other public transport, leaner use periods
during extreme weather
• As popularity increases, better cycling infrastructure such
as shaded tracks and public conveniences could be
provided
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: I already own a bicycle, why
will I use PBS?
• Security: PBS provides secure
features at designated stations,
conveniently located at key
destinations
• Parking: Avoids the hassle of
finding a place to park and
parking charges
• Cost Savings: reduces the cost
of ownership and maintenance
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: How can theft and vandalism of
bicycles be prevented?
Answer:
• Registering the subscriber & valid
identity is prerequisite
• System identifies the user each time
a bicycle is checked out which helps
in tracking and preventing thefts
• The responsibility of the cycle
remains with the subscriber until it is
returned at a station.
• Use of technology and surveillance
can address the issue of theft
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Who finances PBS?
• Capital costs globally allocated from
city’s budget
• Private sector partnership for
O&M costs
Q: Is bicycle sharing worth the
investment?
• A high quality bicycle sharing
system with a large coverage
area costs a fraction of any public
transit system or infrastructure
investment.
• Increase accessibility and reach
of transit by providing last mile
connectivity
• Reduce congestion and improve air
quality