PTN HUAWEI

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System V100R005C01

Product Description

Issue 01

Date 2011-06-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Issue 01 (2011-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice

The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang

Shenzhen 518129

People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description About This Document

Issue 01 (2011-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

ii

About This Document

Product Version The following table lists the product versions applicable to this documentation.

Product Name Product Version OptiX OSN 550 V100R005C01

iManager U2000 V100R005

Intended Audience This document describes the OptiX OSN 550 in terms of network application, function, hardware architecture, software architecture, features, and technical specifications.

This document is intended for the following engineers:

� Network planning engineers � Data configuration engineers � System maintenance engineers

Symbol Conventions The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description About This Document


iii

Symbol Description Indicates a t ip that may help you solve a problem or save

t ime.

Provides addit ional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.

GUI Conventions Convention Meaning Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog t itles are

in boldface. For example, click OK.

> Mult i-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

Change History Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 01 (2011-06-30) Initial formal release.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description Contents


iv

Contents

About This Document.................................................................................................................... ii

1 Product Positioning and Features .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Product Positioning.................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Product Characteristics ............................................................................................................... 1

2 Quick Reference ............................................................................................................................ 3

3 Product Architecture................................................................................................................... 11

3.1 System Architecture ..................................................................................................................11

3.2 Hardware Structure ...................................................................................................................12

3.3 Software Architecture................................................................................................................20

3.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture.......................................................................................21

3.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces ...............................................................................21

3.3.3 Board Software ................................................................................................................22

3.3.4 NE Software ....................................................................................................................22

3.3.5 NMS Software .................................................................................................................23

4 Packet Functions and Features ................................................................................................. 24

4.1 Packet-Domain Access Capacity .................................................................................................24

4.2 Service Support........................................................................................................................24

4.2.1 Native Ethernet Services ....................................................................................................25

4.2.2 ETH PWE3 Services .........................................................................................................34

4.2.3 CES Services ...................................................................................................................35

4.2.4 ATM/IMA Services ...........................................................................................................37

4.3 Protection Support ....................................................................................................................38

4.3.1 MPLS APS ......................................................................................................................38

4.3.2 PW APS..........................................................................................................................40

4.3.3 LPT................................................................................................................................41

4.3.4 LAG...............................................................................................................................42

4.4 Maintenance............................................................................................................................43

4.4.1 MPLS OAM ....................................................................................................................44

4.4.2 ETH-OAM ......................................................................................................................44

4.4.3 ATM OAM ......................................................................................................................46

4.4.4 RMON ...........................................................................................................................46



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4.4.5 PRBS .............................................................................................................................47

4.4.6 CES Alarm Transmission....................................................................................................47

4.5 Synchronization .......................................................................................................................49

4.5.1 Synchronous Ethernet Clock ...............................................................................................49

4.5.2 CES ACR ........................................................................................................................49

5 TDM Functions and Features ................................................................................................... 51

5.1 TDM-Domain Access Capacity ...................................................................................................51

5.2 Service Support........................................................................................................................51

5.3 Protection Support ....................................................................................................................52

5.3.1 SNCP .............................................................................................................................52

5.3.2 Ring MSP........................................................................................................................53

5.3.3 Linear MSP .....................................................................................................................55

5.4 Maintenance............................................................................................................................57

5.5 Synchronization .......................................................................................................................58

6 Networking and Application Scenarios ................................................................................. 59

6.1 Basic Network Topologies..........................................................................................................59

6.2 Typical Application of Hybrid Networking ....................................................................................60

6.3 Typical Application of Pure Packet Networking..............................................................................61

6.4 Typical Application of TDM Networking ......................................................................................63

7 Security Management................................................................................................................. 65

7.1 Authentication Management .......................................................................................................65

7.2 Authorization Management ........................................................................................................65

7.3 Network Security Management ...................................................................................................66

7.4 System Security Management .....................................................................................................67

7.5 Log Management .....................................................................................................................67

8 Operation and Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 69

8.1 DCN ......................................................................................................................................69

8.2 Equipment Maintenance ............................................................................................................70

8.3 Upgrade Methods .....................................................................................................................72

8.4 License Control........................................................................................................................74

9 Technical Specifications ............................................................................................................ 75

9.1 General Speci fications...............................................................................................................75

9.2 Packet Performance Indicators ....................................................................................................76

9.3 TDM Performance Indicators ......................................................................................................81

9.4 Power Consumption and Weight of Each Board..............................................................................82

9.5 Optical Port Specifications .........................................................................................................82

9.6 Electrical Port Specifications ......................................................................................................87

9.7 Auxiliary Port Specifications ......................................................................................................89

9.8 Optical Module Specifications ....................................................................................................91

9.9 Indicator Status Explanation .......................................................................................................93



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9.10 Safety Certifi cation .................................................................................................................96

9.11 Environmental Specifications ....................................................................................................96

9.11.1 Storage Environment........................................................................................................97

9.11.2 Transportation Environment ..............................................................................................99

9.11.3 Operation Environment .................................................................................................. 101

10 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection .................................................................. 104

11 Standard Compliance ............................................................................................................. 105

11.1 ITU-T Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 105

11.2 IETF Standards..................................................................................................................... 108

11.3 IEEE Standards .................................................................................................................... 110

11.4 Environment Related Standards ............................................................................................... 111

11.5 MEF Standards..................................................................................................................... 112

A Glossary and Acronyms.......................................................................................................... 113

A.1 Numerics ............................................................................................................................. 114

A.2 A ........................................................................................................................................ 114

A.3 B ........................................................................................................................................ 117

A.4 C ........................................................................................................................................ 118

A.5 D ........................................................................................................................................ 121

A.6 E ........................................................................................................................................ 123

A.7 F ........................................................................................................................................ 125

A.8 G ........................................................................................................................................ 127

A.9 H ........................................................................................................................................ 128

A.10 I ....................................................................................................................................... 129

A.11 J ....................................................................................................................................... 130

A.12 L....................................................................................................................................... 130

A.13 M...................................................................................................................................... 132

A.14 N ...................................................................................................................................... 134

A.15 O ...................................................................................................................................... 135

A.16 P....................................................................................................................................... 136

A.17 Q ...................................................................................................................................... 139

A.18 R ...................................................................................................................................... 139

A.19 S....................................................................................................................................... 141

A.20 T....................................................................................................................................... 145

A.21 U ...................................................................................................................................... 146

A.22 V ...................................................................................................................................... 147

A.23 W...................................................................................................................................... 147

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description Figures


vii

Figures

Figure 1-1 Product positioning and typical application of the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................... 1

Figure 3-1 Block diagram...............................................................................................................11

Figure 3-2 Ventilation design of the OptiX OSN 550 ...........................................................................19

Figure 3-3 General architecture of software .......................................................................................21

Figure 4-1 Typical application of service model 1 ...............................................................................26

Figure 4-2 Model of VLAN-based E-Line services..............................................................................27





Figure 4-7 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge ...........................................................31

Figure 4-8 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge ................................................................32

Figure 4-9 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge ..............................................................34

Figure 4-10 E-Line services carried by PWs.......................................................................................35

Figure 4-11 UNI-UNI CES services..................................................................................................36

Figure 4-12 UNI-NNI CES services .................................................................................................36

Figure 4-13 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the one-to-one encapsulation mode) .............................37

Figure 4-14 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the N-to-one encapsulation mode)................................38

Figure 4-15 Application example of MPLS APS .................................................................................40

Figure 4-16 Application example of PW APS .....................................................................................41

Figure 4-17 Typical application of LPT .............................................................................................42

Figure 4-18 Link aggregation group .................................................................................................43

Figure 4-19 Application of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah .................................................................45

Figure 4-20 Typical application of ATM OAM ...................................................................................46

Figure 4-21 CES alarm transparent transmission between AC sides ........................................................48

Figure 4-22 CES alarm transparent transmission from the NNI side to the AC side ....................................48

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description Figures


viii

Figure 4-23 CES ACR clock solution................................................................................................50

Figure 5-1 Application of the SNCP .................................................................................................53

Figure 5-2 Two-fiber unidirectional ring MSP ....................................................................................54

Figure 5-3 Two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP ......................................................................................55

Figure 5-4 1+1 linear MSP .............................................................................................................56

Figure 5-5 1:N linear MSP..............................................................................................................57

Figure 6-1 Hybrid ring network .......................................................................................................60

Figure 6-2 Board configurations on each NE of the Hybrid ring network .................................................61

Figure 6-3 Pure packet network .......................................................................................................62

Figure 6-4 Board configurations on each NE of the pure packet network .................................................62

Figure 6-5 TDM network ...............................................................................................................63

Figure 6-6 Board configurations on each NE of the TDM network .........................................................64

Figure 7-1 Log transmission of the Syslog protocol .............................................................................68

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description Tables


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Tables

Table 2-1 Overview of the OptiX OSN 550 ......................................................................................... 3

Table 2-2 OptiX OSN 550 packet functions and features........................................................................ 5

Table 2-3 OptiX OSN 550 TDM functions and features ......................................................................... 9

Table 3-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 550 ..................................................................................11

Table 3-2 Boards that the OptiX OSN 550 supports .............................................................................13

Table 3-3 Description of labels ........................................................................................................19

Table 4-1 Packet-domain access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550............................................................24

Table 4-2 Point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service model ..................................................25

Table 4-3 Models of VLAN-based E-Line services ..............................................................................26

Table 4-4 Models of QinQ-based E-Line Services ...............................................................................27

Table 4-5 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge ............................................................31

Table 4-6 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge .................................................................32

Table 4-7 Models of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge...............................................................33

Table 5-1 TDM-domain access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550 .............................................................51

Table 5-2 Service types supported by the OptiX OSN 550 in the TDM domain .........................................51

Table 6-1 Network topologies supported by OptiX OSN 550s and corresponding legends ...........................59

Table 8-1 DCN solutions that the OptiX OSN 550 supports...................................................................69

Table 8-2 Maintenance functions that the OptiX OSN 550 supports ........................................................70

Table 8-3 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550 ...............................................................73

Table 9-1 General speci fications of the OptiX OSN 550 .......................................................................75

Table 9-2 OptiX OSN 550 packet functions and features.......................................................................76

Table 9-3 OptiX OSN 550 TDM functions and features ........................................................................81

Table 9-4 Power consumption and weight of boards supported by the OptiX OSN 550 ...............................82

Table 9-5 Specifi cations of OptiX OSN 550's STM-1 optical ports .........................................................83

Table 9-6 Specifi cations of OptiX OSN 550's STM-4 optical ports .........................................................83

Table 9-7 Specifi cations of OptiX OSN 550's STM-16 optical ports........................................................84



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Table 9-8 Specifi cations of FE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................................85

Table 9-9 Specifi cations of OptiX OSN 550's GE optical ports ..............................................................86

Table 9-10 Specifi cations of 10GE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550 ...................................................86

Table 9-11 Specifications of OptiX OSN 550's E1/T1 electrical ports ......................................................87

Table 9-12 Specifi cations of OptiX OSN 550's E3/T3 electrical ports......................................................88

Table 9-13 Specifi cations of OptiX OSN 550's CES/ATM/IMA service electri cal ports...............................88

Table 9-14 Specifi cations of OptiX OSN 550's Ethernet electrical ports ...................................................89

Table 9-15 Specifi cations of external clock ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550 ...................................89

Table 9-16 Specifi cations of synchronous data ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550...............................90

Table 9-17 Specifi cations of asynchronous data ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550 .............................90

Table 9-18 Specifi cations of orderwire ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550 .........................................90

Table 9-19 Outdoor cabinet monitoring ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................91

Table 9-20 SFP/eSFP Optical Modules That the OptiX OSN 550 Supports ...............................................91

Table 9-21 XFP Optical Modules That the OptiX OSN 550 Supports ......................................................92

Table 9-22 Definitions of indicators supported by the boards on the OptiX OSN 550 .................................93

Table 9-23 Safety certi fications that the OptiX OSN 550 has passed .......................................................96

Table 9-24 Climate requirements for the storage envi ronment ................................................................97

Table 9-25 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during storage .....................................98

Table 9-26 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage......................................98

Table 9-27 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage ..................................................................98

Table 9-28 Climate requirements for the transportation environment .......................................................99

Table 9-29 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation........................... 100

Table 9-30 Density limitations for chemically active substances ........................................................... 100

Table 9-31 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment ........................................ 100

Table 9-32 Requirements for temperature and humidity ...................................................................... 101

Table 9-33 Other climate requirements ............................................................................................ 102

Table 9-34 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation................................. 102

Table 9-35 Density limitations for chemically active substances ........................................................... 103

Table 9-36 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation ............................................................. 103

Table 11-1 ITU-T recommendations ............................................................................................... 105

Table 11-2 IETF standards ............................................................................................................ 108

Table 11-3 IEEE standards ............................................................................................................ 110

Table 11-4 Environment related standards ........................................................................................ 111



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Table 11-5 MEF standards ............................................................................................................ 112

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 1 Product Positioning and Features


1

1 Product Positioning and Features

1.1 Product Positioning This section describes the product posit ioning and networking application.

The OptiX OSN 550 is used at the access layer of a transmission network, supporting MPLS-TP technology and a variety of service network topologies in the TDM and packet domains. For its product posit ioning and typical application, see Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 Product posit ioning and typical application of the OptiX OSN 550

OptiX OSN 550 BTSNodeB BSCRNC

FEE1/T1

FE

FEFE

ATM/IMAE1

OptiX OSN 3500

Convergence nodeAccess layerConvergence/

Backbone layer

FE/GE

E1/T1STM-1/STM-4

TDM network

FE/GE

FE/GE

Packet

network

E1/T1

ATM/IMA E1

ATM/IMA E1

E1/T1STM-1/STM-4

1.2 Product Characteristics This section describes the equipment characterist ics in terms of structure, technology, and networking.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 1 Product Positioning and Features


2

Simple Structure and High Integration The OptiX OSN 550 is a chassis whose dimensions (H x W x D) are 88 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm. Of simple structure and high integration, the OptiX OSN 550 can be installed in the following ways:

� Mounting in an European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) cabinet or a 19-inch cabinet)

� Mounting on the wall � Mounting on the desk � Mounting in an APM30 outdoor cabinet � Mounting in an open rack

"CO Dual Core" Architecture and Multi-Service Transmission The OptiX OSN 550 allows service transmission in the t ime division mult iplexing and packet domains, achieving smooth and gradual evolution from the TDM domain to the packet domain.

ATM E1/IMA E1/TDM E1 Service Support and Flexible Networking The OptiX OSN 550 supports the circuit emulation service (CES) technology, allowing direct transmission of TDM E1 services in the packet domain.

ATM is a connection-oriented, fast packet switching technology. Integrating the advantages of circuit switching with those of packet switching, ATM is a standard broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) transfer mode. Inverse mult iplexing for ATM (IMA) is a technology that implements inverse mult iplexing for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).

Various Types of Power Inputs The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following types of power input:

� -48 V/-60 V DC power input � 110 V/220 V AC power input

High Temperature Tolerance The OptiX OSN 550 can tolerate high temperature. For example, the equipment tolerates an extended operating temperature of -5 °C to +65 °C when installed in an outdoor cabinet.

Extended operating indicates that the successive operating time of the equipment does not exceed 4 hours, and the accumulated operating time per year does not exceed 90 days.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 2 Quick Reference


3

2 Quick Reference

This section describes the product overview, including product photos, hardware, software, and functions and features.

Table 2-1 lists the overview of the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 2-1 Overview of the OptiX OSN 550

Item Description Appearance

Board PCX/MD1/EM6T/EM6F/EF8F/SL1D/SL4D/SL1Q/SP3D/PL3T/AUX/PIU/APIU/FAN

Packet Function and Feature

See Table 2-2.

TDM Function and Feature

See Table 2-3.

Switching Capacity

60/40/20 Gbit/s

Cross-connect capacity

� Higher order cross-connect capacity: 20 Gbit/s � Lower order cross-connect capacity: 5 Gbit/s

Equipment-Level Protection

� 1+1 backup for power supply � 1+1 backup between active and standby system control, switching, and

t iming boards � LAG protection of the ports on Ethernet boards � Fan protection (The failure of a single fan does not affect the operation

of the other fans.)



4

Item Description Intelligent fans

Intellectual adjustment of the fan speed. When the working temperature of the equipment is lower than the threshold (determined by the measured ambient temperature and the current fan speed), the fan speed automatically reduces to the lowest.

Management ports and auxiliary ports

Interface Type

Description Connector

Clock port 120-ohm external clock port, which can work in 2048 kbit/s mode or 2048 kHz mode.

RJ-45

Power supply port

Power supply port connecting to one -48/-60 V DC power supply

2 mm HM connector

Two 100/240 V AC power supply ports

Three-phase socket

Network management port

Ethernet NM port/NM serial port, which is connected to the network management system (NMS)

RJ-45

Alarm input/output port

Alarm input/output RJ-45

64 kbit/s synchronous data or orderwire byte transparent transmission port/19.2 kbit/s asynchronous data or orderwire byte transparent transmission port

One 64 kbit/s synchronous serial port, and one F2 transparent data port, which transparently transmits one channel of data services.

RJ-45

Orderwire phone port

Used to provide voice communication for operation personnel or maintenance personnel at different workstations.

RJ-45



5

Table 2-2 OptiX OSN 550 packet functions and features

Item Description MPLS support capability

The packet switching unit of the PCX board works with a service board to implement MPLS functions. � Setup mode: static LSPs � Protection: 1:1 MPLS tunnel APS � OAM:

− Supports MPLS OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711.

− Supports LSP ping and LSP traceroute functions.

PWE3 support capability

The packet switching unit of the PCX board works with a service board to implement PWE3 functions. � Service categories

− TDM PWE3 (CES) services

− ATM PWE3 services

− ETH PWE3 services � Setup mode: static PWs � Protection: 1:1 PW APS � OAM:

− Support the ping and traceroute commands of PWs, the virtual circuit connectivity verification (VCCV) command.

− Supports PW OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711. � Supports MS-PWs.

Service

Service Type

Description Maximum Receiving Capability

Service Port

Description

Connector

Ethernet service

Supports Native ETH and ETH PWE3 services. � Format of Ethernet

data frames: IEEE

FE (electrical port): 36

10/100BASE-TX

RJ-45

FE (optical port): 48

100Base-FX

LC



6

Item Description 802.3 and Ethernet II � Jumbo frames � MTU length: 1518

bytes to 9600 bytes (1620 bytes, by default) � MPLS function

support � VLAN function

support. The VLAN IDs range from 1 to 4094. � QinQ support � Size of a MAC

address table: 16 KB (including static entries)

10GE (optical port) � PCXLX/

PCXX: 2

� 10GBASE-LR (LAN) � 10GBAS

E-LW (WAN) � 10GBAS

E-ER (LAN) � 10GBAS

E-EW (WAN) � 10GBAS

E-ZR (LAN) � 10GBAS

E-ZW (WAN)

LC

� GE (optical port) � PCXLG/

PCXGA/PCXGB: 14

� 1000Base-LX � 1000Base

-VX � 1000Base

-ZX

LC

GE (electrical port): 12

10/100/1000BASE-TX

RJ-45

CES service

� Service type: point-to-point service � Encapsulation types:

CESoPSN

SAToP � Compression of idle

t imeslots: supported (only for CESoPSN encapsulation) � Jitter compensation

buffering t ime: 375 us to 16000 us � Packet loading t ime:

125 us to 5000 us � CES ACR:

supported � Retiming: supported

192xE1 75/120-ohm smart E1 port

Anea 96



7

Item Description ATM/IMA service

� Number of ATM connections: 256 � ATM traffic

management � ATM encapsulation

format

N-to-one VPC

N-to-one VCC

One-to-one VPC

One-to-one VCC

Maximum number of concatenated ATM cells: 31

ATM OAM: F4 (VP layer) and F5 (VC layer)

Maximum number of IMA groups: 32

Maximum number of members in an IMA group: 16


Anea 96

Protection

MPLS APS

� Maximum number of protection groups: 64 � Switching duration not more than 100 ms

NOTE MPLS APS and PW APS share 64 protection group resources.

PW APS



MSTP Supports the MSTP protocol that generates only the CIST. The MSTP protocol provides functions equivalent to that of the RSTP protocol.

LPT � Point-point and point-mult ipoint LPT � Switching duration not more than 5s

LAG � Intra-board LAG and inter-board LAG � A maximum of 16 LAGs. Each LAG has a maximum of 8

members. � Switching duration not more than 500 ms

Maintenance

MPLS OAM

� Tunnel OAM and PW OAM � Maximum number of MPLS OAM resources: 128

NOTE MPLS OAM and PW OAM share 128 OAM resources.



8

Item Description ETH-OAM

� Supports the following IEEE 802.1ag OAM functions:

− Management of OAM maintenance points

− Continuity check (CC)

− Loopback (LB)

− Link trace (LT) � Supports the following IEEE 802.3ah OAM functions:

− OAM auto-discovery

− Link performance monitoring

− Fault detection

− Loopback at the remote end

− Self-loop detection and self-looped port blocking � Number of MD/MA/MEP: 64

ATM OAM

Maximum number of ATM connections: 256

RMON Supports port-level and service-level RMON functions, in compliance with RFC 2819. Supports four RMON management groups: Ethernet statist ics group, Ethernet history group, Ethernet alarm group, and Ethernet history control group.

Port level: � Basic Ethernet performance � Extended Ethernet performance

Service level: � L2VPN � Tunnel � PW

Synchronization

Synchronous Ethernet clock

� Synchronous Ethernet that complies with ITU-T G.8261 and ITU-T G.8262. � Port receiving/transmitting synchronous Ethernet clocks:

FE/GE/10GE � Input/Output of SSM packets � Clock frequency stability (hold-over mode): less than 50 ppb

CES ACR

� Maximum number of CES ACR clocks: 4 � The clock performance complies with the ITU-T G.823 Traffic

template. � Tributary retiming.



9

Item Description Others

QoS � DiffServ

Supports simple traffic classification by specifying PHB service classes for service flows based on their QoS information (C-VLAN priorit ies, S-VLAN priorities, DSCP values, or MPLS EXP values) carried by the packets. � Complex traffic classification

Supports traffic classification based on C-VLAN IDs, S-VLAN IDs, C-VLAN priorities, S-VLAN priorit ies, C-VLAN IDs + C-VLAN priorit ies, S-VLAN IDs + S-VLAN priorit ies, or DSCP values carried by packets. � CAR

Provides the CAR function for the traffic flows at ports. � Shaping

Supports traffic shaping for a specific port, priorit ized queue, or traffic flow. � Queue scheduling policies

− SP

− WRR

− SP+WRR

Table 2-3 OptiX OSN 550 TDM functions and features

Item Description Service Service Type Receiving

Capability Service Port


SDH service 26xSTM-1 S-1.1, L-1.1 and L-1.2 optical ports

LC

14xSTM-4 S-4.1, L-4.1 and L-4.2 optical ports

LC


LC

PDH service 252xE1/T1 E1(75/120-ohm)/T1(100-ohm)electrical port

Anea 96



10

Item Description Protection SNCP � SNCP at the VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 levels


MSP Ring � MSP Ring at the STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 levels � Maximum number of protection groups: 13 � Switching duration not more than 50 ms

Linear MSP � Linear MSP at the STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 levels � Maximum number of 1+1/1:1 Linear MSP protection

groups: 13 � Switching duration not more than 50 ms

Maintenance

PRBS Supported

Synchronization

� Physical layer clocks, including line clocks, tributary clocks, and two-input and two-output external clocks. The port impedance is 120 ohms or 75 ohms (a converter can be used to provide a 75-ohm clock port). � Non-synchronization status message (SSM), standard SSM, and extended

SSM protocols � Tributary retiming � Tracing mode, hold-over mode, and free-run mode

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 3 Product Architecture


11

3 Product Architecture

3.1 System Architecture The OptiX OSN 550 is a dual-domain (TDM and packet domains) device. This section describes its function units and the relationship between these units.

The OptiX OSN 550 consists of the following function units: service interface unit, t imeslot cross-connect unit, packet switching unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, and power supply unit.

Figure 3-1 Block diagram

Synchronous/Asynchronous dataExternal alarm

Serviceinterface unit

Packetswitching

unit

Fan unitClock unitContro l

unit

Auxiliaryinterface

unit

-48 V/-60 V DC

Orderwire

NM data

Contro l and overhead bus

Powersupply

unit

Ethernetsignal

Timeslotcross-

connectunit

VC-4 signal

FE/GE

E1 (TDM/CES/ATM/IMA)

STM-1/4

Table 3-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 550

Function Unit Function

Service interface unit

� Transmits/Receives TDM E1/T1/E3/T3 signals. � Transmits/Receives ATM/IMA E1 signals. � Transmits/Receives STM-1/4/16 signals. � Transmits/Receives Ethernet signals. � Performs E1/ATM/Ethernet PWE3 emulation.



12

Function Unit Function

Timeslot cross-connect unit

� Provides the cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.

Packet switching unit

� Processes Ethernet services and forwards packets. � Processes MPLS labels and forwards packets. � Processes PW labels and forwards packets.

Control unit � Performs system communication and control. � Configures and manages the system. � Collects alarms and monitors performance. � Processes overhead bytes.

Clock unit � Traces clock sources and provides clock signals for the system. � Provides the input/output port for external clocks.

Auxiliary interface unit

� Provides the orderwire phone port. � Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data port. � Provides the external alarm input/output port.

Power supply unit � Connects to -48 V/-60 V DC power supplies. � Connects to 110 to 220 V AC power supplies.

Fan unit � Cools the NE.

3.2 Hardware Structure This section describes the structure of the chassis, applicable boards, and equipment labels.



13

Chassis Structure and Board Installation Area

Boardinstallation

area

SLOT9

(PIU)

SLOT 7 (CST/CSH)

SLOT 1 (EXT )

SLOT 5 (EXT)

SLOT 3 (EXT)

SLOT 2 (EXT )

SLOT 4 (EXT)

SLOT 6 (EXT)

SLOT 8 (CST/CSH)SLOT10

(PIU) SLOT11

(FAN)SLOT92

(PIU)

SLOT 7 (PCX)

SLOT 1 (EXT)

SLOT 5 (EXT)

SLOT 3 (EXT)

SLOT 2 (EXT)

SLOT 4 (EXT)

SLOT 6 (EXT)

SLOT 8 (PCX)SLOT91

(PIU)SLOT

93(FAN)

Power supply boardsSystem control, switching,and timing boards

Extended boards

Fan board

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

W

H

D

Boards Table 3-2 lists the boards that the OptiX OSN 550 supports.

Table 3-2 Boards that the OptiX OSN 550 supports

Board Classification

Board Acronym

Board Name

Function Service Type Port Type Valid Slot

System control, switching, and t iming board

TNM1PCXLX

Cross-connect, t iming and line board

� Supports the 60 Gbit/s packet switching function. � Supports

the 20 Gbit/s higher

� Native Ethernet services � Point-to-point

transparently transmitted E-Line service � VLAN-based E-Line

service � QinQ-based E-Line

� One Ethernet NM port/NM serial port (sharing one RJ45 port) � One

STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 SFP optical port. The optical port type can be S-1.1, L-1.1, S-4.1, L-4.1, S-16.1, L-16.1, or L-16.2.

Slots 7 and 8



14


Board Acronym

Board Name


order cross-connect capacity, 5 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect capacity. � Performs

system communication and control.

service

E-LAN service based on IEEE 802.1d bridges

E-LAN service based on IEEE 802.1q bridges

E-LAN service based on IEEE 802.1ad bridges � ETH PWE3 services � STM-1/STM-4/STM

-16 services

� One 10GE (XFP) optical port 10GBASE-LR (LAN)/10GBASE-LW (WAN)/10GBASE-ER (LAN)/10GBASE-EW (WAN)/10GBASE-ZR (LAN)/10GBASE-ZW (WAN)

TNM1PCXX

Cross-connect, t iming, system control, and line board


the 20 Gbit/s higher order cross-connect capacity, 5 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect capacity. � Performs





service



E-LAN service based on IEEE 802.1ad bridges � ETH PWE3 services

� One Ethernet NM port/NM serial port (sharing one RJ45 port) � One 10GE (XFP)

optical port 10GBASE-LR (LAN)/10GBASE-LW (WAN)/10GBASE-ER (LAN)/10GBASE-EW (WAN)/10GBASE-ZR (LAN)/10GBASE-ZW (WAN)

Slots 7 and 8

TNM1PCXLG



the 20



service

� One Ethernet NM port/NM serial port (sharing one RJ45 port) � One

STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 SFP optical port. The optical port type can be S-1.1, L-1.1, S-4.1,

Slots 7 and 8



15


Board Acronym

Board Name


Gbit/s higher order cross-connect capacity, 5 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect capacity. � Performs


� QinQ-based E-Line service



E-LAN service based on IEEE 802.1ad bridges � ETH PWE3 services � STM-1/STM-4/STM

-16 services

L-4.1, S-16.1, L-16.1, or L-16.2. � One GE (SFP) optical

port 1000BASE-LX/VX/ZX

TNM1PCXGA



the 20 Gbit/s higher order cross-connect capacity, 5 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect capacity. � Performs





service




� One Ethernet NM port/NM serial port (sharing one RJ45 port) � One GE (SFP) optical


Slots 7 and 8

TNM1PCXGB

Cross-connect, t iming, system control, and line

� Supports the 20 Gbit/s packet switching function.


transparently transmitted E-Line service

� One Ethernet NM port/NM serial port (sharing one RJ45 port) � One GE (SFP) optical


Slots 7 and 8



16


Board Acronym

Board Name


board � Supports the 20 Gbit/s higher order cross-connect capacity, 5 Gbit/s lower order cross-connect capacity. � Performs


� VLAN -based E-Line service � QinQ-based E-Line

service




Packet processing board

TNM1MD1

32xSmart E1 service processing board

Transmits/Receives E1 signals.

� CES E1 � ATM/IMA E1

75/120-ohm E1 port Slots 1 to 6

TNM1EM6T

6xRJ45 FE/GE processing board

Transmits/Receives FE/GE service signals and works with the packet switching unit to process the received FE/GE service signals.




service




� Four FE electrical ports: 10/100BASE-TX � Two GE electrical ports

(compatible with FE electrical ports): 10/100/1000BASE-TX

Slots 1 to 6

TNM1EM6F

4xRJ45 and 2xSFP FE/GE processing board

� Four FE electrical ports: 10/100BASE-TX � Provides two ports

through the SFP module. The types of SFP module include 1000BASE-LX/VX/ZX.

Slots 1 to 6

TNM1EF8F

8xFE Ethernet

Transmits/Receives FE

� Native Ethernet services

8xFE optical port: 100BASE-FX

Slots 1 to 6



17


Board Acronym

Board Name


processing board

service signals and works with the packet switching unit to process the received FE service signals.

� Point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service � VLAN-based E-Line


service




SDH board

TNH2SL1D

2xSTM-1 interface board

Transmits/Receives 2xSTM-1 optical signals.

STM-1 service 2xSTM-1 optical ports Slots 1 to 6

TNH2SL4D



STM-4 service 2xSTM-4 optical ports Slots 1 and 6

TNH2SL1Q



STM-1 service 4xSTM-1 optical ports Slots 1 to 6

PDH board

TNH2SP3D

42xE1/T1 tributary board

Transmits/Receives E1/T1 signals.

E1/T1 service 42x75-/120-ohm E1 ports or 42x100-ohm T1 ports

Slots 1 to 6

TNH2PL3T

3xE3/T3 tributary board

Transmits/Receives E3/T3 signals.

E3/T3 service 3x75-ohm E3/T3 ports Slots 1 to 6

Auxiliary board

TNM1AUX

Auxiliary interface

Provides the system with one orderwire

� Orderwire phone � Asynchronous data

service

� One orderwire phone port � One asynchronous data

Slots 1 to 6



18


Board Acronym

Board Name


board phone port, one synchronous data port, one asynchronous data port, and one 6-input/2-output external alarm port.

port � One asynchronous data

port � 4-input/2-output

external alarm port

Power supply board

TND1PIU

Power supply board

Provides one -48 V/-60 V DC power supply.

N/A Provides -48 V/-60 V DC power supply ports.

Slots 91 and 92

TNF1APIU

Power supply board

Connects to 110-220 V AC power supplies.

N/A Provides 100/240 V AC power supply ports.

� Slots 2 and 4 � Slots

4 and 6 (recommended)

Fan board

TNM1FAN

Fan board

Cools the NE.

N/A N/A Slot 93

Ventilation Design The case of the OptiX OSN 550 is densely covered with small air holes. Through these holes, air is let in from the left and out from the right by fans.

Ensure the smooth flow of air inside and around the equipment. Do not block the air inlet and air outlet of the subrack when cabling. Keep the top of subrack clean.



19

Figure 3-2 Ventilat ion design of the OptiX OSN 550

AIR IN

AIR OUT

Description of Labels Table 3-3 lists the description of the labels on the chassis and the boards in the chassis. The actual labels may be different depending on the configurations of the chassis and boards.

Table 3-3 Description of labels

Label Label Name Description

ESD protection label

Indicates that the equipment is sensit ive to static electricity.

Grounding label Indicates the grounding position of the chassis.

Fan warning label Indicates that the fan leaves cannot be touched when the fan is rotating.

Power port warning label

Indicates that you must read the operation instructions before connecting a power cable.



20

Label Label Name Description 合格证/QU ALIFICA TION CA RD

华为技术有限公司中国制作

MADE IN C HINAHUAW EI TECHNOLOGIES CO. ,LTD.

HUAWEI

Qualification card Indicates that the equipment is qualified.

50

RoHS label Indicates that the equipment contains certain hazardous substances specified in RoHS. The equipment needs to be recycled after the environment-friendly use period of 50 years expires.

� DC power

� AC power

Product nameplate label

Indicates the product name and cert ification.

3.3 Software Architecture This section describes the system's general software architecture, as well as the functions of each software module.

3.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture

The software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the corresponding functions and interoperate with each other.

3.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces

The communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the description of the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, and ITU-T Q.812.

3.3.3 Board Software

This section describes the software architecture of the OptiX OSN 550.



21

3.3.4 NE Software

The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In addit ion, the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS and boards. In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.

3.3.5 NMS Software

Like other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 550 is managed by the iManager series NMS.

3.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture The software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the corresponding functions and interoperate with each other.

The software modules fall into three types: the board software that runs on a variety of functional boards, the NE software that runs on the system control and communication board, and the network management software that runs on the network management computer.

The software system is of layered design. That is, each layer performs specific functions and serves its upper layer. Figure 3-3 shows the general structure of software. All the modules except the network management system and the board software are NE software.

Figure 3-3 General architecture of software

High LevelCommunication Module

Communication Module

Equipment ManagementModule

Real-timemulti-taskoperating

system

NE software

Network ManagementSystem

Board Software

DatabaseManagement

Module

Network side Module

3.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces The communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the description of the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, and ITU-T Q.812.



22

A Qx interface mainly connects a mediation device (MD), Q adaptation (QA), or network element (NE) with an operations system (OS) through the local communication network (LCN). A QA interface is provided at the NE management layer, and an MD and OS are provided at the network management layer. As specified in the Recommendation, a Qx interface is developed in compliance with the Connectionless Network LayerService (CLNS1) based on TCP/IP. A Qx interface supports the remote access of NMS through a modem, and the IP layer uses the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) accordingly.

3.3.3 Board Software This section describes the software architecture of the OptiX OSN 550.

3.3.4 NE Software The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In addit ion, the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS and boards. In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.

In compliance with ITU-T M.3010, the NE software belongs to the element management layer in the telecommunications management network (TMN), and provides NE functions, some coordination functions, and operations system functions at the network element layer. The data communication function (DCF) provides communication functions between the NE and other components (including mediation devices, NMS, and other NEs).

� Real-t ime mult i-task operating system

The real-t ime mult i-task operating system of the NE software is responsible for the management of public resources and supports applications. This system provides an application execution environment that is independent of the processor hardware, to separate applications from the processor.

� Communication and control module

The Communication and control module is the interface module between the NE software and the board software. According to the corresponding communication protocol, the communication and control module achieves the communication between the NE software and the board software. In this manner, the information can be exchanged and the equipment can be maintained. On one hand, the communication and control module issues the maintenance operation commands of the NE software to the boards. On the other hand, it reports the status, alarms, and performance events of the boards to the NE software.

� Network side (NS) module

The network side (NS) module is between the communication module and equipment management module. It converts the data format between the user operation side on the application layer and the NE equipment management layer, and provides security control for the NE layer. The NS module can be subdivided into three submodules in terms of function: Qx interface module, command line interface module, and security management module.

� Equipment management module

The equipment management module (AM) is the kernel of the NE software. It implements NE management, and includes the Manager and the Agent. The Manager sends network management operation commands and receives event information. The Agent responds to the network management operation commands sent by the Manager, performs operations to managed objects, and reports events according to the status change of the managed objects.

� Communication module



23

This module fulfills the message communication function (MCF) of the functional blocks of the transmission network equipment. Through the hardware interface provided by the SCB board, the communication module transmits the OAM&P information and exchanges management information between the NMS and NEs, and between NEs themselves. The communication module consists of network communication module, serial communication module, and ECC communication module.

� Database management module

The database management module is a principal component of the NE software. It consists of the data and the programs. The data, organized by database form, consists of the network database, alarm database, performance database, and equipment database. The program manages and accesses the data in the databases.

3.3.5 NMS Software Like other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 550 is managed by the iManager series NMS.

The NMS manages the optical transport network, and maintains all the OSN, SDH, Metro, and DWDM equipment on networks.

The NMS, which complies with the ITU-T Recommendations, adopts a standard management information model and the object-oriented management technology. The NMS exchanges information with the NE software through the communication module to monitor and manage the network equipment.

The NMS software runs on a workstation or PC. It manages the equipment and the transmission network. The NMS software provides the operation and maintenance function for the transmission equipment, and also provides the management capability for the transmission network. The NMS software has the following management functions:

� Alarm management: collects, prompts, filters, browses, acknowledges, checks, clears, counts alarms in real t ime, inserts alarms, analyzes alarm correlation, and diagnoses faults.

� Performance management: sets performance monitoring; browses, analyses and prints performance data; forecasts medium- and long-term performance; resets the performance register.

� Configuration management: configures and manages the ports, clocks, services, trails, subnets, and time.

� Security management: NM user management; NE user management; NE login management; NE login lockout; NE sett ing lockout; and local craft terminal (LCT) access control.

� Maintenance management: performs loopbacks; resets boards; automatically shuts down lasers; detects fiber power; collects equipment data. In this manner, the maintenance personnel can locate and rectify equipment faults more quickly.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 4 Packet Functions and Features


24

4 Packet Functions and Features

4.1 Packet-Domain Access Capacity This section provides the packet-domain access capacit ies when different system control, switching, and t iming boards are configured in the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 4-1 lists the packet-domain access capacit ies when different system control, switching, and t iming boards are configured in the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 4-1 Packet-domain access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550

Board 10xGE (Optical Port)

GE (Optical Port)

GE (Electrical Port)

FE (Optical Port)

FE (Electrical Port)

ATM/IMA/E1 CES

PCXLX 2 12 12 48 36 192

PCXX 2 12 12 48 36 192

PCXLG 0 14 12 48 36 192

PCXGA 0 14 12 48 36 192

PCXGB 0 14 12 48 36 192

4.2 Service Support This section describes Ethernet services, CES services, and ATM/IMA services in the packet domain.

4.2.1 Native Ethernet Services

Based on the packet plane, Native Ethernet services are classified into six types.

4.2.2 ETH PWE3 Services

In the topology, the E-Line services are point-to-point services. The E-Line services realize the point-to-point transmission of Ethernet services.



25

4.2.3 CES Services

CES: By using the PWE3 technology, PWE3 packet headers are added to TDM traffic to create circuit emulation services (CES). PWE3 packet headers carry the frame format information, alarm information, signaling information, and synchronization and t iming information of the TDM traffic. The encapsulated PW packets are transmitted over the MPLS tunnel on the PSN. After being decapsulated at the PW egress, the TDM circuit switched service traffic is re-created. On a packet switching network, the transmit and receive ends of a CES service maintain clock synchronization by means of adaptive clock recovery (ACR).

4.2.4 ATM/IMA Services

This section provides the definit ion of ATM PWE3 and describes its purpose.

4.2.1 Native Ethernet Services Based on the packet plane, Native Ethernet services are classified into six types.

Point-to-Point Transparently Transmitted E-Line Service The point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line services are the basic E-Line model. Point-to-point transmission does not involve service bandwidth sharing, service isolation, or service distinguishing; instead, Ethernet services are transparently transmitted between two service access points.

Service Model Table 4-2 describes the point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service model.

Table 4-2 Point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service model

Service Model Encapsulation Type

Service Direction Traffic Flow Description

Model 1 Null (source)

Null (sink)

UNI-UNI PORT (source)

PORT (sink)

The source port transparently transmits all the received Ethernet frames to the sink port.

Model 2 802.1Q (source)

802.1Q (sink)

UNI-UNI PORT (source)

PORT (sink)

The source port processes the incoming Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then sends the processed Ethernet frames to the sink port. The sink port processes the Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then exports the processed Ethernet frames.

In service model 2, ports process the received Ethernet frames according to their TAG attributes. Therefore, service model 2 is not a real transparent transmission model and is not recommended.



26

Typical Application Figure 4-1 shows the typical application of service model 1.

Figure 4-1 Typical application of service model 1

Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3 Port 1

Port 2

Port 3Service 1

Service 2

Service 1

Service 2

E-Line

E-Line

TransmissionNetwork

Port 4 Port 4

E-Line

E-Line

In service model 1, Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2, which carry no VLAN ID or carry unknown VLAN IDs, are accessed to NE1 through port 1 and port 2 respectively. Port 1 and port 2 transparently transmit Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to port 3 and port 4, respectively. Port 3 and port 4 then transmit Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to NE2. Service processing on NE2 is the same as on NE1.

In service model 2, Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2, which carry no VLAN ID or carry unknown VLAN IDs, are accessed to NE1 through port 1 and port 2 respectively. Port 1 and Port 2 process the incoming packets based on their TAG attributes. Then, Port 1 and Port 2 send Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to Port 3 and Port 4 respectively. Port 3 and Port 4 process the incoming packets based on their TAG attributes. Then, Port 3 and Port 4 send Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to NE2. Service processing on NE2 is the same as on NE1.

VLAN-based E-Line Services VLANs can be used to separate E-Line services. With the VLAN technology, mult iple E-Line services can share one physical channel. These services are VLAN-based E-Line services.

Models of Services Table 4-3 shows the models of VLAN-based E-Line services.

Table 4-3 Models of VLAN-based E-Line services

Type of Service Encapsulation Mode of Port

Direction of Service

Flow of Service Description of Service

VLAN-based E-Line services

802.1Q (source)

802.1Q (sink)

UNI-UNI PORT+VLAN (source)

PORT+VLAN (sink)

NOTE The VLAN ID of the source and the VLAN ID of the sink must be the same.

The source port processes the incoming Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then sends the Ethernet frames with a specific VLAN ID to the sink port. The sink port processes the Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then exports the processed Ethernet frames.



27

Typical Applications Figure 4-2 shows the typical application of VLAN-based E-Line services. Service 1 and Service 2 carry different VLAN IDs. Therefore, after the two Ethernet services are accessed to NE1 through Port 1 and Port 2 respectively, they can share the same transmission channel at Port 3.

On NE1, Port 1 and Port 2 process the incoming packets based on their own TAG attributes. Then, Port 1 and Port 2 send Service 1 and Service 2 to Port 3. Port 3 processes all the outgoing packets based on its TAG attribute, and then sends Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2. Due to the different VLAN IDs, Service 1 and Service 2 can be transmitted through Port 3 at the same time.

NE2 processes Service 1 and Service 2 in the same manner as NE1.

Figure 4-2 Model of VLAN-based E-Line services

Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1VLAN ID: 100




E-Line TransmissionNetwork

Service 1VLAN ID: 100Service 2VLAN ID: 200



QinQ-Based E-Line Services S-VLAN tags can be used to isolate E-Line services. Therefore, mult iple E-Line services can share one physical channel. These services are QinQ-based E-Line services.

E-Line Services Carried on PWs describes QinQ-based E-Line services carried by PWs.

Model of Service Table 4-4 shows the models of QinQ-based E-Line services.

Table 4-4 Models of QinQ-based E-Line Services

Model of Service Encapsulation Mode of a Port

Direction Flow of Service Description of Service

Model 1 Null (source)

QinQ (sink)

UNI-NNI PORT (source)

QinQ link (sink)

The source port adds the S-VLAN tag that corresponds to the QinQ link to all the Ethernet frames, and then transmits the Ethernet frames to the sink port where the QinQ link is configured.



28

Model of Service Encapsulation Mode of a Port

Direction Flow of Service Description of Service

Model 2 802.1Q (source)a

QinQ (sink)

UNI-NNI PORT (source)

QinQ link (sink)

The source port accesses only the Ethernet frames that carry C-VLAN tags. It adds the S-VLAN tag that corresponds to the QinQ link to all the Ethernet frames, and then transmits the Ethernet frames to the sink port where the QinQ link is configured.

Model 3 802.1Q (source)a

QinQ (sink)

UNI-NNI PORT+C-VLAN (source)

QinQ link (sink)

The source port adds the S-VLAN tag that corresponds to the QinQ link to all the Ethernet frames that carry specific C-VLAN tags, and then transmits the Ethernet frames to the sink port where the QinQ link is configured.

Model 4 QinQ (sink)

QinQ (sink)

NNI-NNI QinQ link (source)

QinQ link (sink)

The source port transmits the Ethernet frames that carry the S-VLAN tag to the sink port where the sink QinQ link is configured. The S-VLAN tag carried in the Ethernet frames corresponds to the source QinQ link. If the source and sink QinQ links correspond to different S-VLAN tags, the S-VLAN tags carried in the Ethernet frames are exchanged.

a: Set TAG to Tag Aware.

Typical Applications Figure 4-3 shows the typical application of service model 1.

Service 1 and Service 2 include tagged frames and untagged frames. Service 1 is accessed to NE1 through Port 1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 1, and Port 2 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 2. Then, Service 1 and Service 2 are transmitted to Port 3. Port 3 transmits Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2.




29


Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1

Service 2


Service 1

Service 2

Add S-VLAN LabelStrip S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

Data (2)

Data( 1)

Add S-VLAN Label Strip S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

Data(2)

Data(1)

Figure 4-4 shows the typical application of service model 2.

Service 1 and Service 2 carry different unknown C-VLAN tags. Service 1 is accessed to NE1 through Port 1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 1, and Port 2 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 2. Then, Service 1 and Service 2 are transmitted to Port 3. Port 3 transmits Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2.



Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1Unknown CVLAN


Add S-VLAN LabelStrip S- VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300) C-VLAN

C-VLANData(2)

Data( 1)

C-VLAN

C-VLAN

Strip S-VLAN LabelAdd S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data( 1)

C- VLAN

C- VLAN

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300) C- VLAN

C-VLAN





Service 1 and Service 2 carry different C-VLAN tags. Service 1 is accessed to NE1 through Port 1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 1, and Port 2 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 2. Then, Service 1 and Service 2 are transmitted to Port 3. Port 3 transmits Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2.




30


Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line






Add S-VLAN L abelStrip S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300) C-VLAN(100)

C-VLAN(200)Data(2)

Data( 1)

C-VLAN(200)

C-VLAN(100)

Strip S-VLAN LabelAdd S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data( 1)

C-VLAN(200)

C-VLAN(100)

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)


C-VLAN(200)


Service 1 and Service 2 carry a same S-VLAN tag. Service 1 is accessed to NE1 through Port 1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 changes the S-VLAN tag carried in Service 1 and Port 2 changes the S-VLAN tag carried in Service 2 so that the S-VLAN tags carried in Service 1 and Service 2 are different. Port 3 transmits Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2.



Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1S-VLAN ID: 100





Switching S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

Data(2)

Data( 1)

S-VLAN(100)

S-VLAN(100)

Switching S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(100)

S-VLAN(100)

Data(2)

Data( 1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

E-LAN Services Based on the 802.1d Bridge In the case of E-LAN services, packets can be forwarded only based on the MAC address table. These E-LAN services are E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge.



31

Model of Service Table 4-5 shows the model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge.

Table 4-5 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge

Type of Service

Encapsulation Mode of Port

Tag Attribute Type of Logical Port

Learning Mode

Sub-Switching Domain

E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge

Null Tag-Transparent PORT SVL No division of sub-switching domains

Typical Application Figure 4-7 shows the typical application of the model of service. The transmission network needs to carry the A services accessed from NE2 and NE3. The two A services are converged at the convergence node NE1. The services need not to be isolated. Therefore, an 802.1d bridge is used at NE1 to groom services.

Figure 4-7 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge

Port 1

NE 1

User A1

Port 1

NE 2

User A2

NE 3

Port 2

Port 2

Port 3

TransmissionNetwork

TransmissionNetwork

802.1d bridge

Port 1

Port 2User A3

E-LAN Services Based on 802.1q Bridge E-LAN services can be separated by sett ing VLANs. In this case, a bridge is divided into mult iple sub-switching domains. Therefore, the E-LAN services separated by setting VLANs are E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge.

Model of Service Table 4-6 shows the models of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge.



32

Table 4-6 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge

Type of Service


TAG Attribute Type of Logical Port

Learning Mode


E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge

802.1q C-Awared PORT+VLAN IVL Sub-switching domains are divided based on VLANs.

Typical Applications Figure 4-8 shows the typical application of the model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge. The transmission network needs to carry G and H services accessed from NE2 and NE3. Both types of services are converged on NE1. G and H services adopt different VLAN planning. Therefore, 802.1q bridge is used on NEs and sub-switching domains are divided based on VLANs, differentiating and separating the two types of services.

Figure 4-8 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge

Port 1

NE 1

VLAN 100

VLAN 200P ort 2

User G 1

Us er H1

Port 1

NE 2

User G 2

P ort 2Us er H2

P ort 1

NE 3

User G 3

P ort 2Us er H3

VLAN 100

VLAN 200

VLAN 100

VLAN 200

P ort 3

P or t 3

P ort 3

P ort 4

Transm iss ionNetwork

Transm iss ionNetwork

802.1q bridge

802.1q bridge

802.1q bridge

You can configure VLAN-Based E-Line Services on NE2 and NE3 for service access.

E-LAN Services Based on 802.1ad Bridge S-VLAN tags can be used to isolate E-LAN services. Therefore, a bridge is divided into mult iple independent sub-switching domains. These services are E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge.



33

Model of Service Table 4-7 shows the models of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge.

Table 4-7 Models of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge

Type of Services


Tag Attribute

Type of Logical Port Learning Mode


E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge

Null or 802.1q (UNI port) a

QinQ (NNI port)

S-Awared PORT (The encapsulation mode of the UNI port is Null.)

PORT or PORT+C-VLAN (The encapsulation mode of the UNI port is 802.1q.) a

PORT+S-VLAN (NNI port)

IVL Sub-switching domains are divided based on S-VLAN tags.

a: When the encapsulation mode of port is 802.1q, the tag attribute must be Tag Aware.

Typical Applications Figure 4-9 shows the typical application of the model of service. The transmission network needs to carry G and H services accessed from NE2 and NE3. The two types of services are converged on NE1. Since G and H services have a same C-VLAN tag, you need to add different S-VLAN tags to G and H services for service isolation.



34

Figure 4-9 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge

Port 1

NE 1

802.1ad bridge

SVLAN 300

SVLAN 400

Port 2

User G 1

User H1

Port 1

NE 2

User G 2

P ort 2Us er H2

P ort 1

NE 3

User G 3

P ort 2Us er H3

Port 3

Por t 3

P or t 4 Tr ans m is sion

Network

T ransm iss ion

Network

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

SVLAN 300

SVLA N 400

SVLAN 300

SVLA N 400

Por t 3

802.1ad bridge

802.1ad bridge

Add S -VLAN Label

NE 1

Strip S-VLAN Label

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

Data(H)

Data(G)

S-VLAN(400)


C-VLAN(100)Data(H)

Data( G)

C-VLAN(100)

C-VLAN(100)

Strip S-VLAN Label

NE 2

Add S-VLAN Label

Data(H)

Data( G)

C-VLAN(100)

C-VLAN(100)

Data(H)

Data(G)

S-VLAN(400)


C-VLAN(100)

Strip S-VLAN Label

NE 3

Add S-VLAN Label

Data(H)

Data( G)

C-VLA N(100)

C-VLA N(100)

Data(H)

Data(G)

S-VLA N(400)

S-VLA N(300) C-VLA N(100)

C-VLA N(100)

You can configure QinQ-Based E-Line Services on NE2 and NE3 for service access.

4.2.2 ETH PWE3 Services In the topology, the E-Line services are point-to-point services. The E-Line services realize the point-to-point transmission of Ethernet services.

Figure 4-10 shows the networking diagram of the E-Line services carried by PWs.

The branches of Company A and Company B are located in City 1 and City 2, and need to communicate with each other. The services of Company A and Company B need to be isolated from each other. In this case, you can configure the E-Line services that are carried by PWs and from the user side to the network side, to realize the communication between the branches of Company A or Company B. In addit ion, different services are carried by different PWs, therefore realizing the isolation of the services of Company A from the services of Company B.

The services that are accessed from the user side are encapsulated and transmitted to the PWs. Then, the services are transmitted through the tunnel.



35

The E-Line services of different companies are carried by different PWs and then to the same port on the network side. In this manner, the port resources on the network side are saved and the bandwidth utilization is increased. In the uplink direction of the user side, layered QoS configuration can be performed for data packets.

Figure 4-10 E-Line services carried by PWs

Company A

City2

Tunnel

PW

Company B

Company A

City 1

Company B

PSN

NNIUNI

NE1 NE2

NNI UNI

4.2.3 CES Services CES: By using the PWE3 technology, PWE3 packet headers are added to TDM traffic to create circuit emulation services (CES). PWE3 packet headers carry the frame format information, alarm information, signaling information, and synchronization and t iming information of the TDM traffic. The encapsulated PW packets are transmitted over the MPLS tunnel on the PSN. After being decapsulated at the PW egress, the TDM circuit switched service traffic is re-created. On a packet switching network, the transmit and receive ends of a CES service maintain clock synchronization by means of adaptive clock recovery (ACR).

Emulation Mode The OptiX NG-SDH series equipment supports two types of CES services: structure-aware TDM circuit emulation service over packet switched network (CESoPSN) CES and structure-agnostic TDM over packet (SAToP) CES.

In the case of CESoPSN CES:

� The equipment senses the frame format, frame alignment mode, and t imeslot information in the TDM circuit.

� The equipment processes the overheads and extracts the payloads in TDM frames. Then, the equipment loads t imeslots to the packet payload in a certain sequence. As a result, the services in each t imeslot are fixed and visible in packets.

In the case of SAToP CES:

� The equipment does not sense any format in the TDM signal. Instead, it considers TDM signals as bit flows at a constant rate, and therefore the entire bandwidth of TDM signals is emulated.



36

� The overheads and payloads in TDM signals are transparently transmitted.

Service Type CES services are classified into UNI-UNI CES services and UNI-UNI CES services by service implementation point.

� UNI-UNI CES services

As shown in Figure 4-11, a single OptiX OSN NE completes access of TDM services.

Figure 4-11 UNI-UNI CES services

NodeB

BSC

TDM link

NE

PSN

� UNI-NNI CES services

As shown in Figure 4-12, the OptiX OSN NEs set UNI-NNI CES services. In the case of a UNI-NNI CES service, the OptiX OSN NEs access customer TDM services through E1 ports; CES PWs are created between the OptiX OSN NEs to emulate end-to-end TDM services.

Figure 4-12 UNI-NNI CES services

NodeB2

BSC

NodeB1

TDM link

NE

NE

NE

PSN

Tunnel

PW



37

4.2.4 ATM/IMA Services This section provides the definit ion of ATM PWE3 and describes its purpose.

Definition The ATM PWE3 technology emulates the basic behaviors and characterist ics of ATM services on a packet switched network (PSN) by using the PWE3 mechanism, so that the emulated ATM services can be transmitted on a PSN.

Purpose Aided by the ATM PWE3 technology, conventional ATM networks can be connected by a PSN. Specifically, ATM PWE3 allows transmitt ing conventional ATM services over a PSN by emulating the ATM services.

The networking type of ATM PWE3 can be one-to-one or N-to-one depending on the encapsulation type of ATM PWE3 packets. It is obvious that ATM PWE3 helps to transmit ATM services over the PSN, without adding ATM equipment or changing the configuration of the ATM CE equipment.

Figure 4-13 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the one-to-one encapsulation mode)

PSN

PE1 PE2

Packet transmission equipment

1-to-1 ATMPWE3service

ATM PWE3

LSP

PW

AC AC

CE2CE1

NodeB RNC

1-to-1 ATMPWE3service



38

Figure 4-14 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the N-to-one encapsulation mode)

PSN

PE1 PE2


N-to-1 ATMPWE3service

ATM PWE3

LSP

PW

AC AC

CE4CE2

CE1

CE3

NodeB RNC

N-to-1 ATMPWE3service

The cell encapsulation modes at both ends of a PW must be the same.

4.3 Protection Support This section describes protection schemes including MPLS APS, PW APS, MSTP, LPT, and LAG in the packet domain.

4.3.1 MPLS APS

This section provides the definit ion of MPLS APS and describes its purpose.

4.3.2 PW APS

This section provides the definit ion of PW APS and describes its purpose.

4.3.3 LPT

This section provides the definit ion of LPT and describes its purpose.

4.3.4 LAG

Link aggregation allows mult iple links that are attached to the same equipment to be aggregated together to form a LAG so that the bandwidth increases and the reliability of the links is improved. The aggregated links can be considered as a single logical link.

4.3.1 MPLS APS This section provides the definit ion of MPLS APS and describes its purpose.



39

Definition MPLS APS is a function that protects MPLS tunnels based on the APS protocol. With this function, when the working tunnel is faulty, the service can be switched to the preconfigured protection tunnel.

The MPLS APS function supported by the OptiX OSN 550 has the following features:

� The MPLS APS provides end-to-end protection for tunnels. � The working tunnel and protection tunnel have the same ingress and egress nodes. � The protection tunnel in the MPLS APS protection pair does not carry extra traffic. � In MPLS APS, the MPLS OAM mechanism is used to detect faults in tunnels, and the

ingress and egress nodes exchange APS protocol packets to achieve protection switching.

Purpose MPLS APS improves reliability for service transmission in tunnels.

As shown in Figure 4-15, when the MPLS OAM mechanism detects a fault in the working tunnel, the service is switched to the protection tunnel for transmission.



40

Figure 4-15 Application example of MPLS APS

Ingress Egress

Transit

Transit

Protect swi tching

Ingress Egress

Transit

Transit

Service

Working Tunnel

Protection Tunnel

Working Tunnel

Protection Tunnel


4.3.2 PW APS This section provides the definit ion of PW APS and describes its purpose.

Definition PW APS is a function that protects PWs based on the APS protocol. With this function, when the working PW is faulty, the service can be switched to the preconfigured protection PW.

The PW APS function supported by the OptiX OSN 550 has the following features:

� The PW APS function provides end-to-end protection for PWs. � The working PW and protection PW are carried in different tunnels but have the same

local and remote PEs. � The protection PW in the PW APS protection pair does not carry extra traffic.



41

� In PW APS, the PW OAM mechanism is used to detect faults in PWs, and the PEs exchange APS protocol packets to achieve protection switching.

Purpose PW APS improves reliability for service transmission in PWs.

As shown in Figure 4-16, when the PW OAM mechanism detects a fault in the working PW, the service is switched to the protection PW for transmission.

Figure 4-16 Application example of PW APS

PE1

PE2

PE3

Protect swi tching

PE1 PE4

PE2

PE3

Service

Working PW

Protection PW

Working PW

Protection PW


PE4

4.3.3 LPT This section provides the definit ion of LPT and describes its purpose.



42

Definition Link State Pass Through (LPT) detects a fault that occurs at a service access node or on a service network, and then instructs the equipment at both ends of a service network to immediately start a backup network for communication. LPT ensures proper transmission of important data. As shown in Figure 4-17, LPT-enabled NE1 and NE2 will disconnect their access links from router A and router B if access link 1, access link 2, or the service network becomes faulty. As a result, router A and router B will immediately detect the link fault between them, and switch to backup networks for communication.

Figure 4-17 Typical application of LPT

NE1 NE2Access link 1 Access link 2Router A Router B

Service network

Backup network

Working link

Protection link

Purpose With the LPT function enabled, access equipment will immediately detect link faults and switch to backup networks t imely.

4.3.4 LAG Link aggregation allows mult iple links that are attached to the same equipment to be aggregated together to form a LAG so that the bandwidth increases and the reliability of the links is improved. The aggregated links can be considered as a single logical link.

A LAG aggregates mult iple physical links to form a logical link that is at a higher rate to transmit data. Link aggregation functions between adjacent equipment. Therefore, link aggregation is not related to the architecture of the entire network. Link aggregation is also called port aggregation because links correspond to ports one to one on an Ethernet network.

As shown in Figure 4-18, the LAG provides the following functions:

� Increased bandwidth

A LAG provides users with a cost-effective method for increasing the link bandwidth. Users obtain data links with higher bandwidths by combining mult iple physical links into one logical link without upgrading the existing equipment. The bandwidth of the logical



43

link is equal to the sum of the bandwidths of the physical links. The aggregation module distributes the traffic to different links by using the load sharing algorithm, therefore providing the load sharing function for links.

� Increased availability

The links in a LAG dynamically back up each other. When a link fails, the other links in the LAG quickly take over. The process in which link aggregation starts the backup link is associated only with the links in the same LAG, and the links not in the LAG are not involved.

Figure 4-18 Link aggregation group

LAG

Ethernetpackets

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3 Ethernetpackets

4.4 Maintenance This section describes the maintenance functions and features including MPLS OAM, ETH-OAM, ATM OAM, and RMON in the packet domain.

4.4.1 MPLS OAM

The MPLS OAM mechanism supported by the equipment includes tunnel OAM and PW OAM. Tunnel OAM operates at the tunnel layer, and PW OAM operates at the PW layer. Tunnel OAM and PW OAM both provide the complete fault detection and locating mechanism.

4.4.2 ETH-OAM

ETH-OAM enhances Ethernet Layer 2 maintenance functions and it strongly supports service continuity verification, service deployment commissioning, and network fault locating.

4.4.3 ATM OAM

This section provides the definit ion of ATM OAM and describes its purpose.

4.4.4 RMON

By using the remote monitoring (RMON), you can transmit network monitoring data between different network sections.

4.4.5 PRBS

Certain boards provide the PRBS functional module, which is used for testing and maintaining the network. You can determine whether the working path on a tributary port, in the line direction, or in the cross-connect direction is normal, depending on whether bit errors are detected in a PRBS test.

4.4.6 CES Alarm Transmission



44

The OptiX OSN 550 uses the L/M and R fields in the control word to transparently transmit alarms.

4.4.1 MPLS OAM The MPLS OAM mechanism supported by the equipment includes tunnel OAM and PW OAM. Tunnel OAM operates at the tunnel layer, and PW OAM operates at the PW layer. Tunnel OAM and PW OAM both provide the complete fault detection and locating mechanism.

Tunnel OAM � Description

The tunnel OAM mechanism helps to effectively detect, identify, and locate internal defects at the tunnel layer of an MPLS network. The equipment triggers the protection switching based on the OAM detection status. Therefore, quick fault detection and service protection can be achieved.

� Objectives and benefits

As a key bearer technology for the scalable next generation network (NGN), MPLS provides mult i-service capabilit ies with ensured QoS. In addit ion, MPLS introduces a unique network layer (tunnel), which may cause some faults. Therefore, an MPLS network must have the OAM capability.

By providing a tunnel OAM mechanism independent of any upper layer or lower layer, the tunnel OAM supports the following features:

− Provides query-on-demand and consecutive detections so that at any moment you can learn whether the monitored LSP has defects.

− Detects, analyzes, and locates any defect that occurs, and notifies the NMS of the relevant information.

− Triggers a protection switching immediately after a defect or fault occurs on a link.

− Monitors the performance events indicating packet loss ratio, delay, and jitter in real t ime and reports them to the NMS.

PW OAM � Description

The PW OAM mechanism helps to effectively detect, identify, and locate internal defects at the PW layer of a network. The equipment triggers the protection switching based on the OAM detection status. Therefore, quick fault detection and service protection can be achieved.

� Objectives and benefits

The equipment performs PW encapsulation on service packets, and then transmits the service packets over tunnels. The network consists of two layers: tunnel and PW. Tunnels use tunnel OAM for maintenance and management, and PWs use PW OAM for maintenance and management. Currently, the equipment can detect the connectivity of a certain PW through ping packets, and then reports the result to the NMS.

4.4.2 ETH-OAM ETH-OAM enhances Ethernet Layer 2 maintenance functions and it strongly supports service continuity verification, service deployment commissioning, and network fault locating.



45

Definition With the continuous development of the Ethernet, especially when LANs evolve to WANs, operators pay more attention to equipment maintainability. Solutions to operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) in the transmission network are required urgently. Therefore, ETH-OAM is developed.

ITU-T and IEEE have researches on ETH-OAM. Currently, Huawei Ethernet service processing boards have realized the ETH-OAM function, which complies with IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah. Wherein, IEEE 802.1ag define Ethernet service OAM standards, and IEEE 802.3ah defines Ethernet port OAM standards. As shown in Figure 4-19, the combination of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah provides a complete Ethernet OAM solution.

Figure 4-19 Application of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah

Core layer

PE1

CE4

PE2 CE3

P

P P

P

CE1

Router 3

Access layerAccess layer

Custom layerCustom layer

Router 1

Router 2

IEEE 802.1ag IEEE802.3ah

IEEE802.3ah

CE2

OptiX NE

� Ethernet service OAM focuses on the maintenance of end-to-end Ethernet links. Based on services, Ethernet service OAM implements end-to-end detection in the unit of "maintenance domain" and performs segmental management on each network segment that is involved in the same service on a network.

� Ethernet port OAM focuses on the maintenance of point-to-point Ethernet link between two directly-connected devices in Ethernet in the first mile (EFM). Ethernet port OAM does not focus on a specific service. It maintains the point-to-point Ethernet link by performing OAM auto-discovery, link performance monitoring, fault check, remote loopback, and selfloop check.

Purpose Based on the MAC layer, the ETH-OAM protocol performs OAM operations for the Ethernet by transmitting OAM packets. This protocol is irrelevant to the transmission medium. The OAM packets are processed only at the MAC layer, having no impact on the other layers of the Ethernet. In addit ion, as a low-rate protocol, the ETH-OAM protocol occupies low bandwidths. Therefore, this protocol does not affect services carried on links.

A comparison of ETH-OAM and existing OAM and fault locating methods is provided as follows:



46

� When a loopback is performed at a port, all packets on the port are looped back. Therefore, the loopback method cannot be used if only a specific service needs to be looped back.

� ETH-OAM can detect hardware faults. � ETH-OAM can detect and locate faults automatically.

4.4.3 ATM OAM This section provides the definit ion of ATM OAM and describes its purpose.

Definition ATM OAM is used for detecting and locating ATM faults, and monitoring ATM performance. In this document, ATM OAM refers to OAM only at the ATM layer and implements various OAM functions by means of specific ATM OAM cells.

Purpose ATM OAM provides segment-based ATM OAM between the CE and the PE and end-to-end-based ATM OAM between CEs.

As shown in Figure 4-20, ATM OAM cells are transmitted and detected between the CE and the PE, or between the CEs to monitor the ATM link.

Figure 4-20 Typical application of ATM OAM

PE1 PE2


CE2CE1

(NodeB)(RNC)

Segment check

End-to-end check

4.4.4 RMON By using the remote monitoring (RMON), you can transmit network monitoring data between different network sections.

Currently, the management of the Ethernet performance for transmission products is relevantly simple. In the case of the management of Ethernet ports, the management of the performance data of the ports is required. What's more, as the network is becoming complex, a method for managing network sections is required. Thus, the RMON emerges and the RMON should have the following features:



47

� All statistics data is saved at the agent and the out-of-service operation on the manager is supported.

� History data is saved for the fault diagnosis. � Errors are detected and reported. � Detailed data is provided. � Multiple management stations are supported.

Based on the preceding purposes, the RMON defines a serial of statistic formats and functions to realize the data exchange between the control stations and detection stations that complies with the RMON standards. To meet the requirements of different networks, the RMON provides flexible detection modes and control mechanism. What's more, the RMON provides error diagnosis, planning and information receiving of the performance events of the entire network.

4.4.5 PRBS Certain boards provide the PRBS functional module, which is used for testing and maintaining the network. You can determine whether the working path on a tributary port, in the line direction, or in the cross-connect direction is normal, depending on whether bit errors are detected in a PRBS test.

In the case of E1 services, T1 services or T3 services, the PRBS15 is transmitted.

The PRBS function of the board is available in two types: lower-order PRBS function and higher-order PRBS function. Currently, the OptiX OSN equipment supports only the lower-order PRBS function. In the case of the lower-order PRBS function, the PRBS module is integrated with the tributary board.

An NE that provides the PRBS function can be used as a simple instrument. You can determine whether a service path is faulty and can determine the location of the fault on fibers or relevant boards between the faulty NEs, depending on the bit errors detected on the NE. The PRBS function module can analyze the local NE and the entire network. Therefore, you can perform a test without using a real instrument during the deployment or fault locating.

4.4.6 CES Alarm Transmission The OptiX OSN 550 uses the L/M and R fields in the control word to transparently transmit alarms.

CES alarm transparent transmission involves transmitt ing local CES alarms to the remote end, and insert ing corresponding alarms to notify the remote end of faults in the local end. Depending on the posit ion where the alarm is generated, CES alarm transparent transmission can be between AC sides, and from the NNI side to the AC side.

CES Alarm Transparent Transmission Between AC Sides Figure 4-21 shows the CES alarm transparent transmission can be between AC sides.



48

Figure 4-21 CES alarm transparent transmission between AC sides

PSN

PE1 LSP

PWAC1 AC2


RNCPE2NodeB

� The service alarms on the AC side are transparently transmitted through the PSN as follows:

When receiving TDM signals carrying AIS/RAI alarms from AC1 side, PE1 uses the L or M field in the control word to respectively transmit AIS and RAI alarms to PE2. Then, PE2 inserts AIS/RAI alarms into AC2 based on the received L or M field.

The SAToP encapsulation mode does not support the M field, and therefore cannot transparently transmit the RAI alarm.

� The fault information on the AC link or port is transmitted through the PSN as follows:

When detecting an AC link fault or E1 port fault in AC1, PE1 uses the L or M field in the control word to transmit the fault information to PE2. Then, PE2 inserts alarms into AC2 based on the received L or M fields.

CES Alarm Transparent Transmission from the NNI Side to the AC Side Figure 4-22 shows the CES alarm transparent transmission from the NNI side to the AC side.

Figure 4-22 CES alarm transparent transmission from the NNI side to the AC side

PSN

PE1 LSP

PWAC1 AC2


RNCPE2NodeB

When detecting that packet loss ratio continuously beyond the preset threshold, PE2 inserts the AIS alarm into AC2, and uses the R field in the control word to transmit the information to PE1. Then, PE1 reports the RDI alarm based on the R field, and inserts the RAI alarm into the AC1 side.



49

4.5 Synchronization This section describes synchronization features including synchronous Ethernet clock, and CES ACR in the packet domain.

4.5.1 Synchronous Ethernet Clock

The synchronous Ethernet clock is a technology that extracts the clock from the serial bit stream on the Ethernet line, and transmits data through the extracted clock to realize the transfer of clocks.

4.5.2 CES ACR

This section provides the definit ion of CES ACR and describes its purpose.

4.5.1 Synchronous Ethernet Clock The synchronous Ethernet clock is a technology that extracts the clock from the serial bit stream on the Ethernet line, and transmits data through the extracted clock to realize the transfer of clocks.

Definition The synchronous Ethernet clock is a technology of frequency synchronization over the physical layer. The system directly extracts the clock signal from the serial bit stream on the Ethernet line, and transmits the data to each board by using the clock signal to realize the transfer of clock information.

Purpose As the network is increasingly based on the Ethernet transfer technology, the large-scale network at the carrier-class level requires the synchronous Ethernet to transmit the clock and introduces the networkwide synchronous t iming transmission idea of the SDH system to the Ethernet design. Therefore, the clock signal can be transmitted from the core to the edge by using the Ethernet physical layer, to provide ensured t iming for various real-t ime services.

4.5.2 CES ACR This section provides the definit ion of CES ACR and describes its purpose.

Definition CES ACR is a function that uses the adaptive clock recovery (ACR) technology to recover clock synchronization information carried by CES packets. In the standard CES ACR solution, the source end (Master) considers the local clock as the t imestamp in the Real-t ime Transport Protocol (RTP) packet header and encapsulates it in the CES packet; the sink end (Slave) recovers the clock according to the t imestamp in the packet. In this manner, signal impairment during the transmission is prevented.

The OptiX OSN 550 adopts the enhanced timestamp clock solution. That is, clocks can be recovered based on SN in CES packets rather than t imestamps in RTP packet headers. See Figure 4-23.



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Figure 4-23 CES ACR clock solution

PSN

PE1 PE2BTS BSC


CES

Primaryreference

clock

E1

E1CES

Master

SN

ProcessingProcessing

SN

CESE1

Slave

E1

SN: Sequnce Number

Purpose In the packet domain, CES ACR is mainly used to transparently transmit E1 clocks in the PSN. For details, see CES ACR Clock Transparent Transmission Solution.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 5 TDM Functions and Features


51

5 TDM Functions and Features

5.1 TDM-Domain Access Capacity This section provides the TDM-domain access capacities when different system control, switching, and t iming boards are configured in the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 5-1 lists the TDM-domain access capacit ies when different system control, switching, and t iming boards are configured in the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 5-1 TDM-domain access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550

Board STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 E1/T1 E3/T3 PCXLX 26 14 2 252 18

PCXX 24 12 0 252 18

PCXLG 26 14 2 252 18

PCXGA 24 12 0 252 18

PCXGB 24 12 0 252 18

5.2 Service Support This section describes the service support in the TDM domain.

The OptiX OSN 550 can process SDH services and PDH services.

Table 5-2 lists the supported service types.

Table 5-2 Service types supported by the OptiX OSN 550 in the TDM domain

Service Type Description SDH service SDH standard services:

STM-1/STM-4/STM-16



52

Service Type Description PDH service E1/T1, E3/T3services

5.3 Protection Support This section describes the protection schemes including SNCP and linear MSP in the TDM domain.

5.3.1 SNCP

The SNCP scheme, which requires one working subnet and one protection subnet, is to select one service from the dually transmitted services.

5.3.2 Ring MSP

Ring MSP uses the mult iplex section overhead (MSOH) bytes K1 and K2 to implement automatic protection switching of services.

5.3.3 Linear MSP

The linear MSP uses the K1 and K2 bytes in the multiplex section overhead to realize automatic protection switching. The OptiX OSN equipment supports 1+1 and 1:N linear MSP.

5.3.1 SNCP The SNCP scheme, which requires one working subnet and one protection subnet, is to select one service from the dually transmitted services.

The SNCP scheme, which requires one working subnet and one protection subnet, is to select one service from the dually transmitted services. If the working subnet fails to be connected or if its performance fails to meet certain requirements, the connection of the protection subnet takes over.

Figure 5-1 shows the application of the SNCP.



53

Figure 5-1 Application of the SNCP

WorkingSNC

ProtectionSNC

Source end

NE A NE B

Sink end

NE A NE B

Protectionswitching

Source end Sink end

WorkingSNC

ProtectionSNC

5.3.2 Ring MSP Ring MSP uses the mult iplex section overhead (MSOH) bytes K1 and K2 to implement automatic protection switching of services.

Two-Fiber Unidirectional Ring MSP On a two-fiber unidirectional ring MSP, one of the bidirectional STM-N lines is the working line, and the other is the protection line. As shown in Figure 5-2, the services on the two-fiber unidirectional ring MSP are on diverse routes. Before the protection switching, the signal flow of the services from NE A to NE C is NE A→NE B→NE C, and the signal flow of the services from NE C to NE A is NE C→NE D→NE A.

In normal cases, services are transmitted on the working line. When a fiber cut occurs and the working line becomes unavailable, the services on the two ends of the faulty point are both switched from the working line of the faulty fiber to the protection line of the reverse directional fiber for transmission. Figure 5-2 shows the application of the two-fiber unidirectional ring MSP. After the protection switching, the signal flow of the services from NE A to NE C is NE A→NE D→NE C→NE B→NE C, and the signal flow of the services from NE C to NE A continues to be NE C→NE D→NE A.



54

Figure 5-2 Two-fiber unidirectional ring MSP

Signal flow of services

NE A

NE B

NE C

NE D

East

Protection switching

West

West

East

East

East

West

West

Two-fiber unidirectional MSP

ring

Before protection switching

NE A

NE B

NE C

NE D

East West

West

East

East

East

West

West

Two-fiber unidirectional MSP

ring

After protection switching

Two-Fiber Bidirectional Ring MSP On a two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP, the first half of VC-4s on each STM-N line is allocated to the working channel, and the other half of VC-4s is allocated to the protection channel. As shown in Figure 5-3, the services on the two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP are on uniform routes. Before the protection switching, the signal flow of the services from NE A to NE C is NE A→NE B→NE C, and the signal flow of the services from NE C to NE A is NE C→NE B→NE A.

In normal cases, services are transmitted on the working channel. The services transmitted on two fibers flow in inverse directions. When a fiber cut occurs and the working channel becomes unavailable, the services on the two ends of the faulty point are both switched from



55

the working channel of the faulty fiber to the protection channel of the reverse directional fiber for transmission. Figure 5-3 shows the application of the two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP. After the protection switching, the signal flow of the services from NE A to NE C is NE A→NE D→NE C→NE B→NE C, and the signal flow of the services from NE C to NE A is NE C→NE B→NE C→NE D→NE A.

Figure 5-3 Two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP

Signal flow of services

NE A

NE B

NE C

NE D

East


West

West

East

East

East

West

West

Two-fiber bidirectional MSP

ring

Before protection switching

NE A

NE B

NE C

NE D

East West

West

East

East

East

West

West

Two-fiber bidirectional MSP

ring

After protection switching

5.3.3 Linear MSP The linear MSP uses the K1 and K2 bytes in the multiplex section overhead to realize automatic protection switching. The OptiX OSN equipment supports 1+1 and 1:N linear MSP.

1+1 Linear MSP The 1+1 linear MSP requires one working channel and one protection channel. At the source node, the service is dually fed to the working channel and protection channel. At the sink node, the service is received from the working channel. When the working channel becomes faulty,



56

the service is received from the protection channel. Figure 5-4 shows the application of the 1+1 linear MSP.

Figure 5-4 1+1 linear MSP

Working channel

Protection channel

NE A NE B


Working channel

Protection channel

NE A NE B

No extra traffic can be configured in the protection channel in a 1+1 linear MSP group.

1:N linear MSP The 1:N linear MSP requires N working channels and one protection channel. Common services are transmitted on the working channels, and extra traffic is transmitted on the protection channel. When a working channel becomes faulty, the service on the channel is switched to the protection channel. Therefore, the extra traffic is interrupted. Figure 5-5 shows the application of the 1:N linear MSP.



57

Figure 5-5 1:N linear MSP

Workingchannel 1

Protectionchannel

NE A NE B


. .. . ..

NE A NE B

. .. .. .Workingchannel N

Workingchannel N

Workingchannel 1

Protectionchannel

Extra traff ic

Common service 1

Common service N

Extra traffic

Common service 1

Common service N

Extra traff ic

Common service 1

Common service N

Extra traffic

Common service 1

Common service N

Purpose The LMSP scheme uses the MSOH bytes K1 and K2 to implement automatic protection switching once the working path fails, and therefore to protect services.

5.4 Maintenance Certain boards provide the PRBS functional module, which is used for testing and maintaining the network. You can determine whether the working path on a tributary port, in the line direction, or in the cross-connect direction is normal, depending on whether bit errors are detected in a PRBS test.

In the case of E1 services, T1 services or T3 services, the PRBS15 is transmitted.

The PRBS function of the board is available in two types: lower-order PRBS function and higher-order PRBS function. Currently, the OptiX OSN equipment supports only the lower-order PRBS function. In the case of the lower-order PRBS function, the PRBS module is integrated with the tributary board.

An NE that provides the PRBS function can be used as a simple instrument. You can determine whether a service path is faulty and can determine the location of the fault on fibers or relevant boards between the faulty NEs, depending on the bit errors detected on the NE. The PRBS function module can analyze the local NE and the entire network. Therefore, you can perform a test without using a real instrument during the deployment or fault locating.



58

5.5 Synchronization Clock synchronization on the entire network helps to transmit services normally.

Definition Clock: The electronic circuit in a computer that generates a steady stream of timing pulses.

Purpose Clock synchronization ensures that all the digital devices on a communications network work at the same nominal frequency, and therefore minimizes the impacts of slips, burst bit errors, phase jumps, jitters, and wanders on digital communications systems. Clock synchronization also minimizes pointer justifications on SDH devices. Therefore, clock synchronization is the precondit ion and basis for the normal operation of a network.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 6 Networking and Application Scenarios


59

6 Networking and Application Scenarios

6.1 Basic Network Topologies OptiX OSN 550s can form the following network topologies: chain, ring, tangent rings, and ring with chain.

The OptiX OSN 550 supports separate and combined configuration of the following types: terminal mult iplexer (TM), add/drop mult iplexer (ADM), and mult iple add/drop mult iplexer (MADM).

OptiX OSN 550s can form the following network topologies: chain, ring, tangent rings, and ring with chain. In addit ion, OptiX OSN 550s can be interconnected with other OptiX OSN equipment, OptiX DWDM equipment, and OptiX Metro equipment to provide a complete transport network solution. See Table 6-1.

Table 6-1 Network topologies supported by OptiX OSN 550s and corresponding legends

Network Topology

Legend

Chain

Ring

Tangent rings



60

Network Topology

Legend

Ring with chain

6.2 Typical Application of Hybrid Networking In Hybrid networking mode, the OptiX OSN 550 receives and transmits packet services and t ime division mult iplex (TDM) services at the same time.

Figure 6-1 shows a Hybrid ring network, and Figure 6-2 shows the board configurations on each NE of the network, on which the following base station services are transmitted:

� 2G base station services (transmitted in Native E1 mode) � 3G base station services (transmitted in ETH PWE3 or ATM/IMA PWE3 mode)

Figure 6-1 Hybrid ring network

NE 2

NE 4

NE 1 NE 3

FE

TDM E1

ATM/IMA E1

FE

Node B

FETDM E1

Node BPacket domain BTSTDM domain



61

Figure 6-2 Board configurations on each NE of the Hybrid ring network

FE

E1

NE6

PCXLG

SP3D NE6

PCXLG

EF8F

NE 1

NE 2

NE 4

NE 3PCXLG

NE6

PCXLG

MD1

NE6

PCXLG

SP3D

PCXLG

EM6T

PCXLG

PCXLG

ATM/IMA E1

EM6T

FEE1

Node BPacket domain BTSTDM domain

FE

6.3 Typical Application of Pure Packet Networking This section describes the typical application of pure packet networking.

Figure 6-3 shows a pure packet network, and Figure 6-4 shows the board configurations on each NE of the pure packet network, on which the following base station services are transmitted:

� 2G base station services (transmitted in CES mode) � 3G base station services (transmitted in ETH PWE3 or ATM/IMA/CES E1 mode)



62

Figure 6-3 Pure packet network

FE

ATM/IMA E1 FE

TDM E1

TDM E1

NE 2

NE 3NE 1

GE

GE

GE

GENE 4

NE 5

Node B BTS

FE

Figure 6-4 Board configurations on each NE of the pure packet network

NE 3

FE

E1

GE

BTS

E1

NE6

MD1

NE 5

FENE6

NE 1

MD1NE6

EM6F

ISU2

PCXGB

MD1

NE 2

PCXGB

EF8F

PCXGB

A TM/IMA E1

PCXGB

PCXGB

Node B

NE6

EM6FFE

FE

PCXGBPCXGB

P CXGB PCXGB

NE 4



63

6.4 Typical Application of TDM Networking This section describes the typical application of time division mult iplex (TDM) networking.

Figure 6-5 shows a TDM network, and Figure 6-6 shows the board configurations on each NE of the TDM network, on which the following base station services are transmitted:

� 2G base station services (transmitted in E1/T1 mode)

Figure 6-5 TDM network

NE1

NE 3

NE 2 NE4

TDM E1

TDM E1

TDM E1

TDM E1

TDM E1

BTS



64

Figure 6-6 Board configurations on each NE of the TDM network

NE4

NE3

BTS

NE1

NE2

E1E1

E1

NE6

PCXLG

SP3D

E1

NE6

PCXLG

SP3D

NE6

PCXLG

SP3D

E1

NE6SP3D

PCXLG

PCXLG

PCXLGPCXLGPCXLG

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 7 Security Management


65

7 Security Management

7.1 Authentication Management For security concerns, only an authenticated user can log in to an NE.

� NE login management: You can successfully log in to an NE only after entering the correct user name and password.

� NE user switching: One client allows only one user to operate the NE at a t ime. For this reason, if mult iple NE users log in to an NE, the NE users need to be switched to ensure that the configuration data is unique.

� Forcibly logging other users out of the NE: To avoid errors owing to simultaneous configuration by multiple users, or to prevent other users from illegally logging in to the NE, one user can forcibly log a lower-level user out from the NE.

� NE login locking: After the locking function is enabled, a user whose level is lower than that of the current user is not allowed to log in to the NE.

� NE configuration locking: You can lock the function of configuring certain functional modules on an NE to prevent other users from configuring the modules.

� You can query users that are logged in to the NE.

7.2 Authorization Management The authorization management allows different authorities for different users when they operate an NE. This effectively protects the NE against inappropriate operations.

� Management of NE users

− Five user authority levels are available in an ascending order: monitoring level, operation level, maintenance level, system level, and debugging level.

− Based on the network management system, NE users are classified into LCT NE users, EMS NE users, CMD NE users, and general NE users.

− You can create a user, assign an authority level for the user, and specify the user flag.

− You can change a user name, a password, an authority level, and a user flag.

− You can delete a user. � Management of NE user groups:



66

− By default, five user groups are available with authorities in an ascending order: monitor group, operator group, maintenance personnel group, administrator group, and super administrator group.

− You can change the group to which a user belongs.

7.3 Network Security Management The security of transmitting data between the NMS and NEs, and in the network, is the precondit ion for the NMS to manage the NEs.

Communication between the NMS and NEs can be implemented based on Access Control List (ACL), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), or Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) protocol.

ACL Protocol The ACL rules are configured to filter the received IP packets. This controls the data traffic on the network and protects against malicious attacks.

You can set basic ACL rules or advanced ACL rules, based on the required system security level.

� For an NE that requires a low security level, you can configure the basic ACL rules so that the NE checks only the source addresses of received IP packets.

� For an NE that requires a high security level, you can configure the advanced ACL rules. In this case, the NE checks the source addresses, sink addresses, source ports, sink ports, and protocol types of the received IP packets.

If both the advanced and basic ACL rules are configured, the NE uses only the advanced ACL rules to check the received IP packets.

In addit ion, the ACL rules support the following operations:

� Queries of the ACL rules � Modification of the ACL rules � Deletion of the ACL rules

SSL Protocol The SSL protocol is used to protect the integrity and security of data.

RADIUS Protocol RADIUS provides a complete network security solution. After the RADIUS server verifies that the user name and password of a user are valid, the server allows a certain authority for the user, and provides services to the user.

The RADIUS server of the carrier manages all the user accounts and user attributes of the OptiX OSN 550. To log in to the OptiX OSN 550, you must apply for a user account to the carrier. When you try to log in to the OptiX OSN 550, the RADIUS server verifies the user name and password that you have entered. If the verification fails, a login error is reported.

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the shielding function when being connected to the network port management device. That is, when being connected to the network port on an OptiX



67

OSN 550, the network port management device manages only the connected OptiX OSN 550, and cannot access the other devices that are connected to the OptiX OSN 550 through the ECCs. With this function, even if an OptiX OSN 550 NE in the insecure domain is accessed illegally, the NEs that are connected to the OptiX OSN 550 will not be illegally operated.

7.4 System Security Management The system provides necessary security policies that are executed forcibly.

� Querying and sett ing the Warning Screen information of an NE � Querying and sett ing the Warning Screen switch of an NE to determine whether to

report an alarm after a user logs in to the NE � Querying and sett ing the earliest expire t ime and the latest expire t ime of a password � Checking whether a password is unique on an NE

7.5 Log Management Log management involves system security log management and Syslog management.

System Security Log Management The system security log of an NE records all operations and operation results on the NE. By querying the system security log, the administrator can trace and check operations of users.

� You can query the system security log of an NE. � You can forward the system security log to the Syslog server.

Syslog Management The Syslog service is used for the security management of NEs. Different information is transmitted to the Syslog server in a format compliant with the Syslog protocol so that the maintenance personnel can monitor NEs easily.

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following functions related to the Syslog protocol:

� Enabling and disabling the Syslog protocol. � Setting the transmission mode of the Syslog protocol to UDP (by default) or TCP. � Adding or deleting Syslog servers. � Configuration of mult iple Syslog servers and transmission of logs to mult iple servers at

the same time.

� Reporting relevant alarms when the Syslog server fails to communicate with NEs.

Figure 7-1 illustrates the log transmission of the the Syslog protocol on a network. To ensure the security of system logs, at least two Syslog servers are required on a transmission network. NEs communicate with Syslog servers by running the IP protocol. NEs communicates with each other in many modes, such as ECC and IP over DCC.



68

Figure 7-1 Log transmission of the Syslog protocol

NMS

Syslog Server A

Syslog Server Breal timesecurity log

TCP/IP

NE A(client)

NE B

NE C(client)

NE D

ECC/ IP OVER DCC

A Syslog server is a work station or server that stores the system logs of all NEs on a network.

Forwarding gateway NEs receive system logs from other NEs, and then forward these system logs to Syslog servers. For example, NE A and NE C in Figure 7-1.

When NEs communicate in IP mode, each NE can directly communicate with two different Syslog servers by running the IP protocol. Hence, you need to configure the IP addresses and port numbers of the Syslog servers on an NE. The NE transmits the system log to two Syslog servers by using the automatic routing function of the IP protocol. You need not configure any forwarding gateway NE.

When NEs communicate in ECC mode, the NEs that are not directly connected to Syslog servers cannot communicate with Syslog servers. The logs of these NEs need to be transmitted to the gateway NEs that can communicate with Syslog servers directly. Then, the gateway NEs forward the logs to Syslog servers. Therefore, you need to configure forwarding gateway NEs. For example, you can configure NE A as the forwarding NE of NE D.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 8 Operation and Maintenance


69

8 Operation and Maintenance

8.1 DCN Reliable network management ensures proper running of a network, and therefore transmission of network management data becomes very crit ical. The data communication network (DCN) is a network management data communication channel, with which users can remotely manage and maintain NEs.

Table 8-1 lists the DCN solutions that the OptiX OSN 550 supports.

Table 8-1 DCN solutions that the OptiX OSN 550 supports

Item Inband DCN Outband DCN

Purpose and Benefit

NM information is transmitted on the service channels provided by managed equipment. Therefore, no other equipment and DCN are required. This reduces operating cost.

NM information is transmitted on non-service channels.

Feature � Flexible networking: NM information is encapsulated into Ethernet frames and carries a fixed VLAN ID to get separated from the service data. The NM information is transmitted with services on service channels. � Configurable VLAN priorit ies for inband

DCN packets

High reliability: Outband DCN uses dedicated maintenance channels. Therefore, the NMC can construct a DCN network with managed equipment in various ways, such as E1 private lines and Ethernet; in addit ion, you can obtain NM information in t ime even when faults occur on service channels.

Networking Technology

Identifying FE/GE service ports with VLAN IDs

� HW ECC � IP � OSI

Application Scenario

Packet network TDM network



70

Item Inband DCN Outband DCN Resource Allocation Mode

N/A Channel type: D1-D3 and D4-D12

Running mode: � Mode 1: 32 channels of

D1-D3 bytes � Mode 2: 12 channels of

D1-D3 bytes or 6 channels of D4-D12 bytes

8.2 Equipment Maintenance To ensure the proper running of a network, routine maintenance and troubleshooting for equipment are a must. The OptiX OSN 550 is of strong maintainability.

Table 8-2 lists the maintenance functions that the OptiX OSN 550 supports.

Table 8-2 Maintenance functions that the OptiX OSN 550 supports


Function Description

Routine maintenance

Alarm and performance management

� Provides audible and visual alarms in case of emergency, assisting the network administrator in taking prompt measures. � Provides running status indicators and alarm indicators

on each board, assisting the administrator in locating and handling faults promptly. � Provides the alarm input and output function, therefore

facilitat ing the collection of equipment alarms. � Dynamically monitors the equipment operation and

alarm status of all stations on the NMS. � Detects alarms and performance of a standby system

control board. � As for the 15-minute monitoring period, the equipment

can store sixteen 15-minute history performance, that is, four hours of 15-minute history performance. � As for the 24-hour monitoring period, the equipment

can store 6x24-hour history performance, that is, six days of history performance.

RMON � Monitors the data on a transmission network located in different network segments. RMON is a supplement to simple Ethernet performance management means, and can be used for a wide range of networks.



71



Upgrade and loading of board software and NE software

� Supports in-service upgrades and loading of board software and NE software. � Supports remote loading of board software and field

programmable gate array (FPGA). � Supports error-loading-proof and resumable loading.

Voltage check � Measures the input voltage and detects the undervoltage and overvoltage states.

Automatic search for optical fibers

� Supports the fiber auto-discovery function on the NMS.

Queries of port impedance

� Supports the query of port impedance on the NMS.

Queries of information about optical modules

� Allows information about optical modules to be queried on the NMS, including the single-mode/mult i-mode, rate level, vendor, production date, and wavelength.

Monitoring the outdoor cabinet

� Monitors the outdoor cabinet by means of the monitoring port on the AUX board.

Power consumption control

� Computes and reports the system power consumption. � Monitors the total system power consumption, and

reports alarms if the total system power consumption is about to exceed or is higher than the rated NE power consumption.

OAM ETH OAM � Detects and monitors the connectivity and performance of service trails by using outband packets. During the process, services are not affected. � Complies with IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah.

ATM OAM � Detects and locates ATM faults, and monitors ATM performance.

MPLS OAM � Detects and locates faults within an MPLS network, and works with MPLS APS to protect services. � MPLS OAM mechanisms include tunnel OAM and PW

OAM. Tunnel OAM operates at the tunnel layer, and PW OAM operates at the PW layer.

Fault locating

One-click data collection

� Provides the one-click data collection function to collect fault data, which shortens data collection time before service recovery. � Users can collect fault data selectively, and can stop a

collection process manually.

Loopback � Service boards support inloops and outloops on ports, which facilitates fault locating.



72



Remote maintenance

� If the equipment becomes faulty, the maintenance personnel can use a public telephone network to remotely maintain the OptiX OSN 550 systems.

PRBS � An NE enabled with the PRBS function can be used as a simple instrument that transmits and receives unframed services in order to analyze whether service paths are faulty. � An NE enabled with the PRBS function can be used to

analyze itself or the entire network. � The PRBS function is a substitute for a test instrument

during a deployment or fault localization.

Warm/Cold resets

� The system control, switching, and timing boards and service boards support warm and cold resets. Warm resets do not affect services.

Hot swap � The system control, switching, and timing boards, service boards, fan boards, and power supply boards support hot swap. � Pluggable optical modules can be hot-swapped. � Service cables and auxiliary cables can be hot-swapped.

8.3 Upgrade Methods If the current version of the OptiX OSN 550 cannot meet customer requirements, upgrade the equipment to a higher version. The available upgrade methods are package loading, package diffusion, and hot patch loading.

Table 8-3 lists the upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550.



73

Table 8-3 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550

Upgrade Method Package Loading Package Diffusion

Hot Patch Loading

Definit ion With a software package description file, the software package functions as a logical package of the required software. This logical package can be uploaded to upgrade the entire NE.

With a software package description file, the software package functions as a logical package of the required software. The logical package is diffused and almost synchronously loaded to all NEs on a network. This upgrade method is more efficient.

During hot patch loading, new software codes substitute for running software codes, which do not interrupt services but rectify a software defect or implement a new requirement. These new software codes are codes in a hot patch.


� One NE needs to be upgraded. � The system

control board and other boards must support package loading. � There is a CF card

on the system control board.

� More than one NE needs to be upgraded. � The system

control board and other boards must support package loading. � There is a CF card

on the system control board.

Services are not interrupted during the upgrade.

Characterist ic � All the boards on an NE can be upgraded on a unified GUI. � There is no need

to care about which board to upgrade or which files to update.

� All the boards on an NE can be upgraded on a unified GUI. � There is no need

to care about which board to upgrade or which files to update. � The software

package is diffused. � Network load and

network bandwidth are both shared.

� Services are not interrupted during the upgrade. � Hot patches

decrease the number of product versions, therefore avoiding frequent version upgrades. � Hot patches can be

loaded remotely. � Version rollback is

supported after a hot patch is loaded, reducing upgrade risks.

Applicable Version Versions of V100R003C00 and later support this upgrade method.

Versions of V100R003C00 and later support this upgrade method.

Versions of V100R005C01 and later support this upgrade method.



74

8.4 License Control Packet features are available only if the appropriate license files have been purchased.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 9 Technical Specifications


75

9 Technical Specifications

9.1 General Specifications This section describes the chassis dimensions, weight, power consumption, heat consumption, power supply performance, electromagnetic compatibility, and reliability.

Table 9-1 lists the general specifications of the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-1 General specifications of the OptiX OSN 550

Item Description Dimensions 88 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm (H x W x D)

Weight 10 kg

Power Consumption

� Maximum power consumption: 240 W � Typical power consumption: 142 W

Board configuration for typical power consumption: 2 x PCXLX + 3 x EM6F + 1 x MD1 + FAN + 2 x PIU, as shown in the figure.

SLOT9

(PIU)

SLOT 7 (CST/CSH)

SLOT 1 (EXT )

SLOT 5 (EX T)

SLOT 3 (EX T)

SLOT 2 (EXT )

SLOT 4 (E XT)

SLOT 6 (EXT)

SLOT 8 (CST/CSH)SLOT

10(PIU) S LOT

11(FAN)SLOT

9(PIU)

SLOT 7 (CSH)

SLOT 1 (MD1)

SLOT 3 (MD1

SLOT 2 (EF6F)

SLOT 4 (EM6F)

SLOT 8 (CSH)SLOT10

(PIU) SLOT11

(FAN)

Heat Consumption

� Maximum heat consumption: 819 BTU/h � Typical heat consumption: 485 BTU/h

Power Supply Performance

� DC power supply

− Rated voltage: -48 V or -60 V

− Voltage range: -38.4 V to -72 V � AC power supply

− Rated voltage: 110/220 V

− Voltage range: 100 V to 240 V



76

Item Description Fuse Capacity

� DC power supply: 20A � AC power supply: 5A

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Complies with EMC Class A.

Reliability � System availability: 0.9999965 � Average annual repair rate: < 1.5% � Mean time to repair (MTTR): 1 hour � Mean time between failures (MTBF): 33.08 years

9.2 Packet Performance Indicators This section describes the equipment's packet performance indicators.

Table 9-2 lists the OptiX OSN 550's packet performance indicators.

Table 9-2 OptiX OSN 550 packet functions and features

Item Description MPLS support capability

The packet switching unit of the PCX board works with a service board to implement MPLS functions. � Setup mode: static LSPs � Protection: 1:1 MPLS tunnel APS � OAM:

− Supports MPLS OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711.

− Supports LSP ping and LSP traceroute functions.

PWE3 support capability

The packet switching unit of the PCX board works with a service board to implement PWE3 functions. � Service categories

− TDM PWE3 (CES) services

− ATM PWE3 services

− ETH PWE3 services � Setup mode: static PWs � Protection: 1:1 PW APS � OAM:

− Support the ping and traceroute commands of PWs, the virtual circuit connectivity verification (VCCV) command.

− Supports PW OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711. � Supports MS-PWs.



77

Item Description Service

Service Type

Description Maximum Receiving Capability

Service Port


Ethernet service

Supports Native ETH and ETH PWE3 services. � Format of Ethernet

data frames: IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II � Jumbo frames � MTU length: 1518

bytes to 9600 bytes (1620 bytes, by default) � MPLS function

support � VLAN function

support. The VLAN IDs range from 1 to 4094. � QinQ support � Size of a MAC

address table: 16 KB (including static entries)

FE (electrical port): 36

10/100BASE-TX

RJ-45

FE (optical port): 48

100Base-FX LC

10GE (optical port) � PCXLX/

PCXX: 2

� 10GBASE-LR (LAN) � 10GBASE-

LW (WAN) � 10GBASE-

ER (LAN) � 10GBASE-

EW (WAN) � 10GBASE-

ZR (LAN) � 10GBASE-

ZW (WAN)

LC

GE (optical port) � PCXLG/

PCXGA/PCXGB: 14

� 1000Base-LX � 1000Base-V

X � 1000Base-Z

X

LC

GE (electrical port): 12

10/100/1000BASE-TX

RJ-45



78

Item Description CES service

� Service type: point-to-point service � Encapsulation types: � CESoPSN � SAToP � Compression of idle

t imeslots: supported (only for CESoPSN encapsulation) � Jitter compensation

buffering t ime: 375 us to 16000 us � Packet loading t ime:

125 us to 5000 us � CES ACR:

supported � Retiming: supported


Anea 96

ATM/IMA service

� Number of ATM connections: 256 � ATM traffic

management � ATM encapsulation

format � N-to-one VPC � N-to-one VCC � One-to-one VPC � One-to-one VCC � Maximum number

of concatenated ATM cells: 31 � ATM OAM: F4 (VP

layer) and F5 (VC layer) � Maximum number

of IMA groups: 32 � Maximum number

of members in an IMA group: 16


Anea 96

Protection

MPLS APS





79

Item Description PW APS



MSTP Supports the MSTP protocol that generates only the CIST. The MSTP protocol provides functions equivalent to that of the RSTP protocol.

LPT � Point-point and point-mult ipoint LPT � Switching duration not more than 5s

LAG � Intra-board LAG and inter-board LAG � A maximum of 16 LAGs. Each LAG has a maximum of 8

members. � Switching duration not more than 500 ms

Maintenance

MPLS OAM

� Tunnel OAM and PW OAM � Maximum number of MPLS OAM resources: 128

NOTE MPLS OAM and PW OAM share 128 OAM resources.

ETH-OAM

� Supports the following IEEE 802.1ag OAM functions:

− Management of OAM maintenance points

− Continuity check (CC)

− Loopback (LB)

− Link trace (LT) � Supports the following IEEE 802.3ah OAM functions:

− OAM auto-discovery

− Link performance monitoring

− Fault detection

− Loopback at the remote end

− Self-loop detection and self-looped port blocking � Number of MD/MA/MEP: 64

ATM OAM

Maximum number of ATM connections: 256



80

Item Description RMON Supports port-level and service-level RMON functions, in

compliance with RFC 2819. Supports four RMON management groups: Ethernet statist ics group, Ethernet history group, Ethernet alarm group, and Ethernet history control group.

Port level: � Basic Ethernet performance � Extended Ethernet performance

Service level: � L2VPN � Tunnel � PW

Synchronization

Synchronous Ethernet clock

� Synchronous Ethernet that complies with ITU-T G.8261 and ITU-T G.8262. � Port receiving/transmitting synchronous Ethernet clocks:

FE/GE/10GE � Input/Output of SSM packets � Clock frequency stability (hold-over mode): less than 50 ppb

CES ACR

� Maximum number of CES ACR clocks: 4 � The clock performance complies with the ITU-T G.823 Traffic

template. � Tributary retiming.

Others

QoS � DiffServ

Supports simple traffic classification by specifying PHB service classes for service flows based on their QoS information (C-VLAN priorit ies, S-VLAN priorities, DSCP values, or MPLS EXP values) carried by the packets. � Complex traffic classification

Supports traffic classification based on C-VLAN IDs, S-VLAN IDs, C-VLAN priorities, S-VLAN priorit ies, C-VLAN IDs + C-VLAN priorit ies, S-VLAN IDs + S-VLAN priorit ies, or DSCP values carried by packets. � CAR

Provides the CAR function for the traffic flows at ports. � Shaping

Supports traffic shaping for a specific port, priorit ized queue, or traffic flow. � Queue scheduling policies

− SP

− WRR

− SP+WRR



81

9.3 TDM Performance Indicators This section describes the OptiX OSN 550's TDM performance indicators.

Table 9-3 lists the OptiX OSN 550's TDM performance indicators.

Table 9-3 OptiX OSN 550 TDM functions and features

Item Description Service Service Type Receiving

Capability Service Port


SDH service 26xSTM-1 S-1.1, L-1.1 and L-1.2 optical ports

LC


LC


LC

PDH service 252xE1/T1 E1(75/120-ohm)/T1(100-ohm)electrical port

Anea 96

Protection SNCP � SNCP at the VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 levels � Maximum number of protection groups: 1032 � Switching duration not more than 50 ms

MSP Ring

� MSP Ring at the STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 levels � Maximum number of protection groups: 13 � Switching duration not more than 50 ms

Linear MSP

� Linear MSP at the STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 levels � Maximum number of 1+1/1:1 Linear MSP protection groups: 13 � Switching duration not more than 50 ms

Maintenance

PRBS Supported

Synchronization

� Physical layer clocks, including line clocks, tributary clocks, and two-input and two-output external clocks. The port impedance is 120 ohms or 75 ohms (a converter can be used to provide a 75-ohm clock port). � Non-synchronization status message (SSM), standard SSM, and extended

SSM protocols � Tributary retiming � Tracing mode, hold-over mode, and free-run mode



82

9.4 Power Consumption and Weight of Each Board This section describes the power consumption and weight of each board supported by the equipment.

Table 9-4 lists the power consumption and weight of the boards supported by the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-4 Power consumption and weight of boards supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Board Power Consumption (W) Weight (kg) PCX 45 0.80

MD1 12.2 0.50

EM6T 10.4 0.37

EM6F 11.3 0.40

EF8F 23 0.55

SL1D 4.12 0.30

SL4D 4.7 0.30

SL1Q 4.3 0.30

SP3D 11.5 0.85

PL3T 5.0 0.30

AUX 2.5 0.30

PIU 0.5 0.12

APIU � Room temperature (25 ):20.0℃ � High temperature (55 ):30.0℃

1.93

FAN � Room temperature (25 ):12.0℃ � High temperature (55 ):29.6℃

0.30

9.5 Optical Port Specifications This section describes the specifications of OptiX OSN 550's STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 optical ports and GE optical ports.

Specifications of STM-1 Optical Ports Table 9-5 lists the specifications of OptiX OSN 550's STM-1 optical ports.



83

Table 9-5 Specifications of OptiX OSN 550's STM-1 optical ports

Item Value

Nominal bit rate 155520 kbit/s

Optical port type S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2

Transmission distance (km)

2 to 15 20 to 40 60 to 80

Operating wavelength range (nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Optical fiber type Single-mode LC Single-mode LC Single-mode LC

Launched optical power range (dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Receiver sensit ivity (dBm)

-28 -34 -34

Minimum overload (dBm)

-8 -10 0

Minimum extinction ratio (dB)

8.2 10 10

NOTE Format of optical port type is defined as follows: transmission distance-signal rate.fiber type

Explanation for optical port type "S-1.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first digit "1" represents STM-1 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).

Explanation for optical port type "L-1.1" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first digit "1" represents STM-1 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).

Explanation for optical port type "L-1.2" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first digit "1" represents STM-1 signals; the second digit "2" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1550 nm)..



Item Value




2 to 15 20 to 40 50 to 80


1274 to 1356 1280 to 1335 1480 to 1580




84

Item Value


-15 to -8 -3 to +2 -3 to +2


-28 -28 -28


-8 -8 -8


8.2 10 10


Explanation for optical port type "S-4.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first digit "4" represents STM-4 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).





Item Value




2 to 15 20 to 40 50 to 80


1274 to 1356 1280 to 1335 1500 to 1580



-5 to 0 -2 to +3 -2 to +3


-18 -27 -28


0 -9 -9


8.2 8.2 8.2



85

Item Value


Explanation for optical port type "S-16.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first two digits "16" represent STM-16 signals; the third digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).

Explanation for optical port type "L-16.1" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first two digits "16" represent STM-16 signals; the third digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).

Explanation for optical port type "L-16.2" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first two digits "16" represent STM-16 signals; the third digit "2" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1550 nm).

Specifications of FE Optical Ports Table 9-8 lists the main specifications of FE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-8 Specifications of FE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550

Item Value

Optical port type 100Base-FX 100Base-FX 100Base-FX

Optical fiber type

Single-mode LC Single-mode LC Single-mode LC


15 40 80

Operating wavelength (nm)

1261 to 1360 1263 to 1360 1480 to 1580

Mean launched power (dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Receiver minimum sensit ivity (dBm)

-28 -34 -34


-8 -10 -10


8.2 10 10

Specifications of GE Optical Ports Table 9-9 lists the main specifications of GE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550.



86

Table 9-9 Specifications of OptiX OSN 550's GE optical ports

Item Value

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s)

1000

Optical port type 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-VX 1000BASE-ZX



10 40 80


1270 to 1355 1270 to 1355 1500 to 1580

Mean launched power (dBm)

-9 to -3 -5 to 0 -2 to +5


-20 -23 -23


-3 -3 -3


9 9 9

With different SFP modules, the equipment provides GE optical ports with different types and transmission distances.

Specifications of 10GE Optical Ports Table 9-10 lists the main specifications of 10GE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-10 Specifications of 10GE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550

Item Performance

Optical port type 10GBASE-LR (LAN) 10GBASE-LW (WAN)

10GBASE-ER (LAN) 10GBASE-EW (WAN)

10GBASE-ZR (LAN) 10GBASE-ZW (WAN)



10 40 80


1260 to 1330 1530 to 1565 1530 to 1565



87

Item Performance Mean launched power (dBm)

-6 to -1 -1 to +2 0 to 4


-11 -15 -24


0.5 -1 -7


6 8.2 9

9.6 Electrical Port Specifications This section describes the equipment's electrical port specifications. The equipment's electrical ports include PDH electrical ports, CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports, and Ethernet electrical ports.

E1/T1 Electrical Ports Table 9-11 lists the specifications of OptiX OSN 550's E1/T1 electrical ports.

Table 9-11 Specifications of OptiX OSN 550's E1/T1 electrical ports

Electrical Port Type 1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s Code pattern B8ZS code, AMI code HDB3 code

Waveform at the output port Complies with ITU-T G.703.

Signal bit rate at the output port

Allowed attenuation at the input port

Permitted frequency deviation at the input port

Complies with ITU-T G.823.

Input jitter tolerance Complies with ITU-T G.824.


Anti-interference capability at the input port

- Complies with ITU-T G.703.

Reflection attenuation at the input and output ports

- Complies with ITU-T G.703.

Output jitter Complies with ITU-T G.823 and G.824.

Mapping jitter Complies with ITU-T G.783.



88

Electrical Port Type 1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s Combined jitter

Jitter transfer function - Complies with ITU-T G.742.

Port type Anea 96

E3/T3 Electrical Ports Table 9-12 lists the specifications of OptiX OSN 550's E3/T3 electrical ports.

Table 9-12 Specifications of OptiX OSN 550's E3/T3 electrical ports

Parameter Nominal Value Bit rate 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s

Number of ports 3xE3/T3

Code pattern HDB3 B3ZS

Connector SMB SMB

Impedance (ohm) 75 75

Signal bit rate at the output port


Permitted frequency deviation at the input port

Allowed attenuation at the input port

Input jitter tolerance Complies with ITU-T G.823.


CES/ATM/IMA Service Electrical Ports Table 9-13 lists the specifications of OptiX OSN 550's CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports.

Table 9-13 Specifications of OptiX OSN 550's CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports

Item Performance Standard compliance ITU-T G.703/G.823

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 2048

Code pattern HDB3



89

Item Performance Impedance (ohm) 75 120

Pair in each direction One coaxial pair One symmetrical pair

Port type Anea 96

Ethernet Electrical Ports Table 9-14 lists the specifications of OptiX OSN 550's Ethernet electrical ports.

Table 9-14 Specifications of OptiX OSN 550's Ethernet electrical ports

Service Port Port Rate Code Pattern Port Type GE/FE electrical port 10BASE-T Manchester coding

signals RJ-45

GE/FE electrical port 100BASE-TX MLT-3 coding signal

GE electrical port 1000BASE-T 4D-PAM5 coding signal

9.7 Auxiliary Port Specifications This section describes the specifications of auxiliary ports including synchronous data ports, asynchronous data ports, orderwire ports, and external clock.

External Clock

Table 9-15 Specifications of external clock ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Item Performance External synchronous source 2048 kbit/s (in compliance with ITU-T G.703) or 2048 kHz

(in compliance with ITU-T G.703)

Frequency accuracy Complies with ITU-T G.813

Pull-in or pull-out range

Noise generation

Noise toleration

Noise transfer

Transient response and holdover performance



90

Item Performance

Synchronization clock transfer accuracy

< 50 ppb

Synchronous Data Ports Table 9-16 Specifications of synchronous data ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Item Performance

Transmission channel Byte F1 in the SDH overhead

Bit rate (kbit/s) 64

Port type Codirectional

Characterist ics of ports Complies with ITU-T G.703

Asynchronous Data Ports Table 9-17 Specifications of asynchronous data ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Item Performance

Transmission channel User-defined byte in the SDH overhead

Bit rate (kbit/s) ≤ 19.2

Characterist ics of ports Complies with RS-232

Orderwire Ports Table 9-18 Specifications of orderwire ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Item Performance

Transmission channel Bytes E1 and E2 in the SDH overhead

Orderwire type Addressing call

Pair in each direction One symmetrical pair

Impedance (ohm) 600



91

Outdoor cabinet monitoring ports Table 9-19 Outdoor cabinet monitoring ports supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Item Performance Characterist ics of ports Complies with RS-485

9.8 Optical Module Specifications This section describes the BOMs of optical modules, as well as corresponding information and port types.

Table 9-20 provides the specifications for small form-factor pluggable/enhanced small form-factor pluggable (SFP/eSFP) optical modules on the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-20 SFP/eSFP Optical Modules That the OptiX OSN 550 Supports

Part Number

Name Specification Applicable Board

34060473 1.25 Gbit/s eSFP optical module

Optical transceiver, eSFP, 1310 nm, 1.25 Gbit/s, -9 dBm, -3 dBm, -20 dBm, LC, SM, 10 km

EM6F/PCXLG/PCXGA/PCXGB


Optical transceiver, eSFP, 1310 nm, 1.25 Gbit/s, -5 dBm, 0 dBm, -23 dBm, LC, SM, 40 km



Optical transceiver, eSFP, 1550 nm, 1.25 Gbit/s, -2 dBm, 5 dBm, -23 dBm, LC, SM, 80 km


34060470 1.25 Gbit/s single-fiber bidirectional eSFP optical module

Optical transceiver, SFP, Tx 1310 nm/Rx 1490 nm, 1.25 Gbit/s, -9 dBm, -3 dBm, -19.5 dBm, LC, SM, 10 km


34060475 1.25 Gbit/s single-fiber bidirectional eSFP optical module

Optical transceiver, SFP,Tx1490 nm/Rx1310 nm, 1.25 Gbit/s, -3 dBm, -9 dBm, -19.5 dBm, LC, SM,10 km


34060276 155 Mbit/s eSFP optical module

Optical transceiver, eSFP, 1310 nm, STM-1, -15 dBm, -8 dBm, -31 dBm, LC, SM, 15 km

EF8F

34060281 Optical transceiver, eSFP, 1310 nm, STM-1, -5 dBm, 0 dBm, -37 dBm, LC, SM, 40 km

EF8F



92

Part Number


34060282 Optical transceiver, eSFP, 1550 nm, STM-1, -5 dBm, 0 dBm, -37 dBm, LC, SM, 80 km

EF8F

34060307 Optical transceiver, eSFP(industry), 1310 nm, STM-1, -15 dBm, -8 dBm, -31 dBm, LC, SM, 15 km

EF8F

34060308 Optical transceiver, eSFP(industry), 1310 nm, STM-1, -5 dBm, 0 dBm, -37 dBm, LC, SM, 40 km

EF8F

34060309 Optical transceiver, eSFP(industry), 1550 nm, STM-1, -5 dBm, 0 dBm, -37 dBm, LC, SM, 80 km

EF8F

34060363 Optical transceiver, eSFP, Tx 1310 nm/Rx 1550 nm, STM-1, -15 dBm, -8 dBm, -32 dBm, LC/PC, SM, 15 km

EF8F

34060364 Optical transceiver, eSFP, Tx 1550 nm/Rx 1310 nm, STM-1, -15 dBm, -8 dBm, -32 dBm, LC/PC, SM, 15 km

EF8F

34060328 Optical transceiver, eSFP, Tx 1310 nm/Rx 1550 nm, STM-1, -5 dBm, 0 dBm, -32 dBm, LC/PC, SM, 40 km

EF8F

34060329 Optical transceiver, eSFP, Tx 1550 nm/Rx 1310 nm, STM-1, -5 dBm, 0 dBm, -32 dBm, LC/PC, SM, 40 km

EF8F

Table 9-21 provides the specifications for 10-Gigabit small form-factor pluggable transceiver (XFP) optical modules on the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-21 XFP Optical Modules That the OptiX OSN 550 Supports

Part Number


34060313 9.95 Gbit/s to 10.71 Gbit/s XFP optical module

Optical transceiver, XFP, 1310 nm, 9.95 Gbit/s to 10.71 Gbit/s, -6 dBm, -1 dBm, -14.4 dBm, LC, SM, 10 km

PCXLX/PCXX



93

Part Number



Optical transceiver, XFP, 1550 nm, 9.95 Gbit/s to 11.1 Gbit/s, -1 dBm, 2 dBm, -15 dBm, LC, SM, 40 km

PCXLX/PCXX


Optical transceiver, XFP, 1550 nm, 9.95 Gbit/s to 11.1 Gbit/s, 0 dBm, 4 dBm, -24 dBm, LC, SM, 80 km

PCXLX/PCXX

9.9 Indicator Status Explanation This section describes the definit ions of indicators supported by the OptiX OSN 550.

There is no indicator on the OptiX OSN 550 chassis.

Table 9-22 lists the definit ions of indicators supported by the boards on the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-22 Definitions of indicators supported by the boards on the OptiX OSN 550

Indicator State Meaning Applicable Board STAT On (green) The board is working properly. PCX

(PCXLX/PCXX/PCXLG/PCXGA/PCXGB)/MD1/EM6T/EM6F/EF8F/SL1D/SL4D/SL1Q/SP3D/PL3T/AUX

On (red) The board hardware is faulty.

Off � The board is not working or created. � There is no power supplied

to the system.

PROG Blinks on (green) and off at 100 ms intervals

When the board is being powered on or reset, the software is being loaded.

PCX (PCXLX/PCXX/PCXLG/PCXGA/PCXGB)/EM6T/EM6F

Blinks on (green) and off at 300 ms intervals

When the board is being powered on or reset, the board software is in BIOS boot state.

Blinks on (red) and off at 100 ms intervals

When the board is being powered on or reset, the BOOTROM self-check fails.

On (green) The upper layer software is being init ialized.



94

Indicator State Meaning Applicable Board On (red) � When the board is being

powered or reset, the memory self-check fails or loading upper layer software fails. � When the board is running,

the logic file or upper layer software is lost. � The pluggable storage card

is faulty.

Off The software is running normally.

SYNC On (green) The clock is normal. PCX (PCXLX/PCXX/PCXLG/PCXGA/PCXGB)

On (red) The clock source is lost or is switched.

SRV On (green) The system/service is working properly.

PCX (PCXLX/PCXX/PCXLG/PCXGA/PCXGB)/MD1/EM6T/EM6F/EF8F/SL1D/SL4D/SP3D/AUX

On (red) A crit ical or major alarm occurs in the system/services.

On (yellow) A minor or remote alarm occurs in the system/services.

Off � For the PCX board, � there is no power supplied to

the system. � The board is standby under

1+1 protection. � For the service board, no

service is configured.

ACT On (green) � The board is active under 1+1 protection. � The board is already

activated under no protection.

PCX (PCXLX/PCXX/PCXLG/PCXGA/PCXGB)

Off � The board is standby under 1+1 protection. � The board is not activated

under no protection.

LINK1/LINK2

On (green) The GE port is connected correctly, and is not receiving or transmitt ing data.

EM6F

Blinking (yellow) The GE port is receiving or transmitt ing data.



95

Indicator State Meaning Applicable Board Off The GE port is connected

correctly or is abnormal.

LOS/LOS1/LOS2

On (red) The optical port on the board reports the R_LOS alarm.

PCX (PCXLX/PCXLG)/SL1D/SL4D

Blinking (red) three times every second

The optical port on the board receives too strong power.

Blinking (red) one t ime every second

The optical port on the board receives too weak power.

Blinking (red) three times every second

The optical port on the board reports the MS_RDI alarm.

Off The optical port on the board is not reporting the R_LOS alarm.

L/A On (green) The port is physically connected (link up) but is not receiving or transmitting data

PCX (PCXLX/PCXX/PCXLG/PCXGA/PCXGB)/EF8F

Blinking (red) three times every second, 300 ms on and 300 ms off

The port on the board receives too strong power.

Blinking (red) three times every second, 300 ms on and 700 ms off

The port on the board receives too weak power.

Blinking (orange) The port is normal (link up) and is receiving and transmitt ing data.

Off The optical fiber is disconnected from the port or the port is abnormal (link down/LOS).

PWR On (green) Power is being supplied. PIU

Off Power is off or power supplies are connected incorrectly.

FAN On (green) The fan board is working properly.

FAN

On (red) The fan board is faulty.

Off The fan board is not powered on or is not installed.



96

Indicator State Meaning Applicable Board CRIT/MAJ/MIN

On (red) The NE has crit ical/major/minor alarms.

FAN

9.10 Safety Certification The OptiX OSN 550 has passed many safety certifications.

Table 9-23 lists the safety cert ifications that the OptiX OSN 550 has passed.

Table 9-23 Safety cert ifications that the OptiX OSN 550 has passed

Item Standard Electromagnetic compatibility � CE certification

� ETSI EN 301 489-1 � ETSI EN 301 489-4 � CISPR 22 � EN 55022

Surge protection � ITU-T K.27 � ETSI EN 300 253

Safety � CE certification � ETSI EN 60215 � ETSI EN 60950 � IEC 60825 � GB 4943

Environmental protection � RoHS

9.11 Environmental Specifications The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for storage, transportation, and operation.

9.11.1 Storage Environment

This section provides the requirements on the storage environment for the OptiX OSN 550.

9.11.2 Transportation Environment

This section provides the requirements on the transportation environment for the OptiX OSN 550.

9.11.3 Operation Environment



97

This section provides the requirements on the operation environment for the OptiX OSN 550.

9.11.1 Storage Environment This section provides the requirements on the storage environment for the OptiX OSN 550.

Climate Table 9-24 lists the climate requirements for the storage environment.

Table 9-24 Climate requirements for the storage environment

Item Range Altitude ≤ 4000 m

Atmospheric pressure 70-106 kPa

Temperature -40°C to +70°C

Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min

Relative humidity 5% to 100%

Solar radiation ≤ 1120 W/s2

Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/s2

Wind speed ≤ 30 m/s

Waterproofing Requirements Requirements for storing equipment on site: Generally, the equipment must be stored indoors.

No water should remain on the floor or leak into the equipment crate. The equipment should be placed away from areas where water leakage is possible (for example, do not place near automatic fire-fighting extinguishing and heating systems.

Ensure all the following four condit ions if the equipment is stored outdoors:

� The crate is intact. � Proper rain-proofing measures are taken to prevent water from entering the crate. � No water is on the ground where the crate is placed and water is not seeped into the

crate. � The carton is not exposed to direct sunlight.

Biological Environment � Avoid mult iplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete). � Control and exclude rodents (such as mice).

Air Cleanliness � The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or

corrosive dust.



98

� Table 9-25 lists the density limitations for mechanically active substances during storage.

Table 9-25 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during storage

Mechanical Active Substance Content Suspended dust ≤ 5.00 mg/m3

Precipitable dust ≤ 20.0 mg/m²·h

Sand particles ≤ 300 mg/m3

� Table 9-26 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances.

Table 9-26 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage

Chemically Active Substance Content SO2 ≤ 0.30 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

NO2 ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress Table 9-27 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during storage.

Table 9-27 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage

Item Sub-Item Range Sinusoidal vibration Displacement 1.5 mm

Acceleration 5 m/s2

Frequency range 2-9 Hz 9-200 Hz

Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x (Maximum number of stacked layers that is specified on the product package - 1) x 5 x 9.8 (N)



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Item Sub-Item Range NOTE

Static load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipment is stacked in the specified manner.

9.11.2 Transportation Environment This section provides the requirements on the transportation environment for the OptiX OSN 550.

Climate Table 9-28 lists the climate requirements for the transportation environment.

Table 9-28 Climate requirements for the transportation environment


Aire pressure 70-106 kPa

Temperature -40°C to +70°C

Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min

Relative humidity 5% to 100%




Waterproofing Requirement Ensure the following condit ions are met when transporting the equipment:

� The crate is intact. � Proper rain-proofing measures are taken on the vehicle to prevent water from entering

the crate. � No water is present in the vehicle.

Biological Environment � Avoid mult iplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete). � Keep rodents such as mice away.



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corrosive dust. � Table 9-29 lists the density limitations for mechanically active substances during

transportation.

Table 9-29 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation

Mechanically Active Substance Content Suspended dust No requirement

Precipitable dust ≤ 3.0 mg/m2·h


� Table 9-30 lists the density limitations for chemically active substances.

Table 9-30 Density limitations for chemically active substances


H2S ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

NOx ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 3.00 mg/m3

CL2 -

HCL ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.03 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress Table 9-31 lists the mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment.

Table 9-31 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment

Item Sub-Item Range Random vibration Acceleration

spectral density 1 m2/s3 -3 dBA




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Item Sub-Item Range Impact Response spectrum I

(weight of sample > 50 kg)

100 m/s2, 11 ms, 100 t imes for each panel

Response spectrum II (weight of sample ≤ 50 kg)

180 m/s2, 6 ms, 100 t imes for each panel

Drop Weight (kg) Height (m)

< 10 1.0

< 15 1.0

< 20 0.8

< 30 0.6

< 40 0.5

< 50 0.4

< 100 0.3

> 100 0.1

Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x (Maximum number of stacked layers that is specified on the product package - 1) x 5 x 9.8 (N)

NOTE Impact response spectrum: maxi mum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates when struck with the stipulated impact.

Static load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipment is stacked in the specified manner.

9.11.3 Operation Environment This section provides the requirements on the operation environment for the OptiX OSN 550.

Climate Table 9-32 and Table 9-33 list the climate requirements for the operation environment of the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 9-32 Requirements for temperature and humidity

Working Temperature Relative Humidity Long-term operating temperature: -5°C to +55°C

Extended operating temperature: -5°C to +65°C

5% to 95%



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Working Temperature Relative Humidity NOTE

The temperature and humidity values are tested at 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the equipment.

Extended operating indicates that the successive operating time of the equipment does not exceed 4 hours, and the accumulated operating time per year does not exceed 90 days.

Table 9-33 Other climate requirements


Air pressure 70-106 kPa

Temperature change rate ≤ 30°C/h




Biological Environment � Avoid mult iplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete). � Keep rodents such as mice away.


corrosive dust. � Table 9-34 lists the density limitations for mechanically active substances during

operation.

Table 9-34 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation

Mechanically Active Substance Content Dust part icle ≤ 3x105/m3

Suspended dust ≤ 0.2 mg/m3

Precipitable dust ≤1.5 mg/m².h


� Table 9-35 lists the density limitations for chemically active substances.



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Table 9-35 Density limitations for chemically active substances


H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3

NOx ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress Table 9-36 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during operation.

Table 9-36 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation

Item Sub-Item Range Sinusoidal vibration Velocity ≤ 5 mm/s -

Acceleration - ≤ 2 m/s²


Non-steady impact Impact response spectrum

Half-sine wave, 30 m/s2, 11 ms, three t imes for each panel

NOTE Impact response spectrum: maxi mum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates when struck with the stipulated impact.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 10 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection


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10 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection

The OptiX 550 complies with RoHS directive (2002/96/CE) and WEEE directive (2002/95/CE)

Energy Conservation The OptiX OSN 550 adopts a variety of technologies to reduce equipment energy.

� Uses an easy scheme for board design. � Replaces ordinary chips with ASIC chips that require low power consumption. � Uses highly efficient power modules.

Environmental Protection The is designed according to the requirements of environmental protection. The product complies with RoHS directive.

� The equipment is amply packaged while materials as conserved. The size of the package containing the equipment and accessories is at most three t imes the size of the net equipment.

� The product is also designed for easy unpacking. All hazardous substances contained in the packaging decompose easily.

� Every plastic component that weighs over 25 g is labeled according to the standards of ISO 11469 and ISO 1043-1 to ISO 1043-4.

� All components and packages of the equipment are provided with standard labels for recycling.

� Plugs and connectors are easy to find, and the associated operations can be performed by using simple tools.

� All the attached materials, such as labels, are easy to remove. � Certain types of identifying information, such as silkscreens, are printed on the front

panel or subrack.

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description 11 Standard Compliance


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11 Standard Compliance

11.1 ITU-T Recommendations This section provides the ITU-T Recommendations that the OptiX OSN 550 complies with.

Table 11-1 ITU-T recommendations

Recommendation Description ITU-T G.664 Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transport

systems

ITU-T G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characterist ics of hierarchical digital interfaces

ITU-T G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44,736 kbit/s hierarchical levels

ITU-T G.706 Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check(CRC) procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704

ITU-T G.707 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)

ITU-T G.773

Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission systems

ITU-T G.774 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management information model for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.1 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) performance monitoring for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.2

Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of the payload structure for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.3 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of mult iplex-section protection for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.4 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of the sub-network connection protection for the network element view



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Recommendation Description ITU-T G.774.5 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of connection

supervision functionality(HCS/LCS) for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.6

Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) unidirectional performance monitoring for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.7 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management of lower order path trace and interface labeling for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.9 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of linear mult iplex section protection for the network element view

ITU-T G.774.10 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) configuration of linear mult iplex section protection for the network element view

ITU-T G.775

Loss of Signal(LOS), Alarm Indication Signal(AIS) and Remote Defect Indication(RDI) defect detection and clearance criteria for PDH signals

ITU-T G.7710 Common equipment management function requirements

ITU-T G.780 Vocabulary of terms for synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) networks and equipment

ITU-T G.781 Synchronization layer functions

ITU-T G.783

Characterist ics of synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) equipment functional blocks

ITU-T G.784 Synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH) management

ITU-T G.803 Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)

ITU-T G.805 Generic functional architecture of transport networks

ITU-T G.806

Characterist ics of transport equipment - Description methodology and generic functionality

ITU-T G.808.1 Generic protection switching - Linear trail and sub-network protection

ITU-T G.810 Definit ions and terminology for synchronization networks

ITU-T G.811 Timing characterist ics of primary reference clocks

ITU-T G.812 Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in synchronization networks

ITU-T G.813

Timing characterist ics of SDH equipment slave clocks(SEC)

ITU-T G.821 Error performance of an international digital connection operating at a bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of an integrated services digital network

ITU-T G.822 Controlled slip rate objectives on an international digital connection



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Recommendation Description ITU-T G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are

based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy

ITU-T G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)

ITU-T G.826

Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate

ITU-T G.828 Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate synchronous digital paths

ITU-T G.829 Error performance events for SDH mult iplex and regenerator sections

ITU-T G.831 Management capabilit ies of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy(SDH)

ITU-T G.832 Transport of SDH elements on PDH networks - Frame and mult iplexing structures

ITU-T G.841

Types and characterist ics of SDH network protection architectures

ITU-T G.842 Inter-working of SDH network protection architectures

ITU-T G.957 Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy

ITU-T G.958 Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on optical fiber cables

ITU-T G.7043/Y.1343

Virtual concatenation of Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) signals

ITU-T G.8010

Architecture of Ethernet layer networks

ITU-T G.8011 Ethernet over Transport - Ethernet services framework

ITU-T G.8011.1 Ethernet private line service

ITU-T G.8011.2 Ethernet virtual private line service

ITU-T G.8012 Ethernet UNI and Ethernet over transport NNI

ITU-T G.8021

Characterist ics of Ethernet transport network equipment functional blocks

ITU-T G.8110 MPLS layer network architecture

ITU-T G.8110.1 Application of MPLS in the transport network

ITU-T G.8121 Characterist ics of transport MPLS equipment functional blocks

ITU-T G.8112 Interfaces for the transport MPLS (T-MPLS) hierarchy

ITU-T G.8131

Protection switching for transport MPLS (T-MPLS) networks



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Recommendation Description ITU-T G.8261 Timing and synchronization aspects in packet networks

ITU-T G.8262 Timing characterist ics of synchronous Ethernet equipment slave clock (EEC)

ITU-T G.8264 Timing distribution through packet networks

ITU-T Y.1541 Network performance objectives for IP-based services

ITU-T Y.1710 Requirements for OAM functionality for MPLS networks

ITU-T Y.1730

Requirements for OAM functions in Ethernet based networks and Ethernet services

ITU-T Y.1711 Operation & Maintenance mechanism for MPLS networks

ITU-T Y.1720 Protection switching for MPLS networks

ITU-T I.610 B-ISDN operation and maintenance principles and functions

ITU-T Y.1291 An architectural framework for support of quality of service (QoS) in packet networks

11.2 IETF Standards This section provides the IETF standards that the OptiX OSN 550 complies with.

Table 11-2 IETF standards

Standard Description RFC 2819 Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base

draft-ietf-l2vpn-oam-req-frmk-05

L2VPN OAM requirements and framework

RFC 4664

Framework for layer 2 virtual private networks (L2VPNs)

RFC 3031 MPLS architecture

RFC 3469 Framework for mult i-protocol label switching (MPLS)-based recovery

RFC 3811 Definit ions of textual conventions for mult iprotocol label switching (MPLS) management

RFC 3813 Mult iprotocol label switching (MPLS) label switching router (LSR) management information base

RFC 3814 Mult iprotocol label switching (MPLS) forwarding equivalence class to next hop label forwarding entry (FEC-To-NHLFE) management information base



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Standard Description RFC 4221

Mult iprotocol label switching (MPLS) management overview

RFC 4377 Operations and management (OAM) requirements for mult i-protocol label switched (MPLS) networks

RFC 4378 A framework for mult i-protocol label switching (MPLS) operations and management (OAM)

RFC 3032 MPLS label stack encoding

RFC 3443 Time to live (TTL) processing in mult i-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks

RFC 3916 Requirements for pseudo-wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3)

RFC 3985 Pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) architecture

RFC 4197 Requirements for edge-to-edge emulation of t ime division mult iplexed (TDM) circuits over packet switching networks

RFC 4385

Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) control word for use over an MPLS PSN

RFC 4446 IANA allocations for pseudowire edge to edge emulation (PWE3)

RFC 0826 Ethernet address resolution protocol

RFC 3270 Mult i-protocol label switching (MPLS) support of differentiated services

RFC 4448 Encapsulation methods for transport of Ethernet over MPLS networks

RFC 4553

Structure-agnostic time division mult iplexing (TDM) over packet (SAToP)

RFC 5085 Pseudo wire virtual circuit connectivity verification (VCCV)

RFC 5086 Structure-Aware Time Division Mult iplexed (TDM) Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN)

RFC 4717 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) over MPLS Networks

RFC 4816 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Transparent Cell Transport Service

RFC 4385

Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) control word for use over an MPLS PSN

RFC 5254 Requirements for Mult i-Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3)

draft-ietf-pwe3-segmented-pw-03

Segmented pseudo wire



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Standard Description draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-requirements-03

Requirements for inter domain pseudo-wires

draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch-02

An architecture for mult i-segment pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge

RFC 3644 Policy quality of service (QoS) Information model

RFC 2212 Specification of guaranteed quality of service

RFC 2474 Definit ion of the differentiated services field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers

RFC 2475 An architecture for differentiated services

RFC 2597 Assured forwarding PHB group

RFC 2698 A two rate three color marker

RFC 3246 An expedited forwarding PHB (Per-hop behavior)

RFC 3270 Mult i-protocol label switching (MPLS) support of differentiated services

11.3 IEEE Standards This section provides the IEEE standards that the OptiX OSN 550 complies with.

Table 11-3 IEEE standards

Standard Description IEEE 802.1D

Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges

IEEE 802.1Q Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks

IEEE 802.1ad Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 4: Provider Bridges

IEEE 802.3ah Carrier Sense Mult iple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters for Subscriber Access Networks

IEEE 802.1ag Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks - Amendment 5: Connectivity Fault Management

IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Mult iple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications

IEEE 802.3u Type 100BASE-T MAC parameters, Physical Layer, MAUs, and Repeater for 100 Mb/s Operation



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Standard Description IEEE 802.3x Full Duplex Operation and Type 100BASE-T2

11.4 Environment Related Standards This section provides the environment related standards that the OptiX OSN 550 complies with.

Table 11-4 Environment related standards

Standard Description CISPR 22

Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characterist ics of information

EN 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1:General requirements

UL 1950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1:General requirements

IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser products-Part 1:Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide

IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser products-Part 2:Safety of optical fiber communication systems(OFCS)

IEC 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1:General requirements

IEC 61000-4-2

Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) Part 2:Testing and measurement techniques Section 2:Electrostatic discharge immunity test Basic EMC Publication

IEC 61000-4-3

Electromagnetic compatibility; Part 3:Testing and measurement techniques Section 3 radio frequency electromagnetic fields; immunity test.

IEC 61000-4-4

Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) Part 4:Testing and measurement techniques Section 4:Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Basic EMC publication

IEC 61000-4-5

Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) Part 5:Testing and measurement techniques Section 5:Sruge immunity test

IEC 61000-4-6

Electromagnetic compatibility: Part 6:Testing and measurement techniques: Section 6 conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields; immunity test

ETSI EN 300 019-1-3

Environmental condit ions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment;

ETS 300 753 Equipment Engineering (EE);Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunications equipment



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Standard Description IEC 60825

Safety of laser products

IEC 60297 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series

11.5 MEF Standards This section provides the MEF standards that the OptiX OSN 550 complies with.

Table 11-5 MEF standards

Standard Description MEF 2

Requirements and framework for Ethernet service protection in metro Ethernet networks

MEF 4 Metro Ethernet network architecture framework - Part 1: generic framework

MEF 9

Abstract Test Suite for Ethernet Services at the UNI

MEF 10 Ethernet services attributes phase 1

MEF 14 Abstract Test Suite for Traffic Management Phase 1

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System Product Description A Glossary and Acronyms


113

A Glossary and Acronyms

Terms and abbreviations are listed in an alphabetical order.

A.1 Numerics

A.2 A

A.3 B

A.4 C

A.5 D

A.6 E

A.7 F

A.8 G

A.9 H

A.10 I

A.11 J

A.12 L

A.13 M

A.14 N

A.15 O

A.16 P

A.17 Q

A.18 R

A.19 S

A.20 T

A.21 U

A.22 V

A.23 W



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A.1 Numerics 1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working

SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal is permanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the normal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to the permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected traffic signal to be provided.

100BASE-T IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network.

100BASE-TX IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network over two pairs of Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair (STP) wire.

10BASE-T An Ethernet specification that uses the twisted pair cable with the transmission speed as 10 Mbit/s and the transmission distance as 100 meters.

1:N protection An architecture that has N normal service signals, N working SNCs/trails, and one protection SNC/trail. It may have one extra service signal.

1PPS Pulse per second, which, strict ly speaking, is not a t ime synchronization signal. This is because 1PPS provides only the "gauge" corresponding to the UTC second, but does not provide the information about the day, month, or year. Therefore, 1PPS is used as the reference for frequency synchronization. On certain occasions, 1PPS can also be used on other interfaces for high precision timing.

3R Reshaping, Retiming, Regenerating.

A.2 A ABR Available Bit Rate

AC Alternating Current

ACAP A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal polarization wave and a vert ical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.

Active/Standby switching of cross-connect board

The process in which the standby cross-connect board automatically takes the place of the active one. If there are two cross-connect boards on the SDH equipment, which are in hot back-up relation of each other, the operation reliability is improved. When both the cross-connect boards are in posit ion, the one inserted first is in the working status. Unplug the active board, the standby one will run in the working status automatically. When the active cross-connect board fails in self-test, the board is pulled out, the board power supply fails or the board hardware operation fails, the standby cross-connect board can automatically take the place of the active one.



115

add/drop multiplexer

Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of the constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals are added to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed through the ADM.

ADM See add/drop mult iplexer

Administrative Unit

The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer and the mult iplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher order VC) and a AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the mult iplex section frame start.

Administrative Unit Group

One or more administrative units occupying fixed, defined posit ions in an STM payload. An AUG consists of AU-4s.

Administrator A user who has authority to access all the Management Domains of the product. He or she has access to the whole network and to all the management functionalit ies.

Aging time The t ime to live before an object becomes invalid.

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

Alarm A message reported when a fault is detected by a device or by the network management system during the process of polling devices. Each alarm corresponds to a recovery alarm. After a recovery alarm is received, the status of the corresponding alarm changes to cleared.

Alarm automatic report

A function wherein an alarm generated on the device side is immediately and automatically reported to the NMS. After an alarm is reported, an alarm panel prompts, and the user can view the details of the alarm.

alarm cable The cable for generation of visual or audio alarms.

alarm filtering An alarm management method. Alarms are detected and reported to the NMS system, and whether the alarm information is displayed and saved is decided by the alarm filtering status. An alarm with the filtering status set to "Filter" is not displayed and saved on the NMS, but is monitored on the NE.

alarm indication A function that indicates the alarm status of an NE. On the cabinet of an NE, there are four indicators in different colors indicating the current alarm status of the NE. When the green indicator is on, the NE is powered on. When the red indicator is on, a critical alarm is generated. When the orange indicator is on, a major alarm is generated. When the yellow indicator is on, a minor alarm is generated. The ALM alarm indicator on the front panel of a board indicates the current status of the board.

Alarm indication signal

A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failure has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with mult iple transport layers.



116

Alarm inversion For the port that has already been configured but has no service, this function can be used to avoid generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference. The alarm report condit ion of the NE port is related to the alarm inverse mode (not inverse, automatic recovery and manual recovery) sett ing of the NE and the alarm inversion status (Enable and Disable) sett ing of the port. When the alarm inversion mode of NE is set to no inversion, alarms of the port will be reported as usual no matter whatever the inversion status of the port is. When the alarm inversion mode of the NE is set to automatic recovery, and the alarm inversion state of the port is set to Enabled, then the alarm of the port will be suppressed. The alarm inversion status of the port will automatically recover to "not inverse" after the alarm ends. For the port that has already been configured but not actually loaded with services, this function can be used to avoid generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference. When the alarm inverse mode of the NE is set as "not automatic recovery", if the alarm inversion status of the port is set as Enable, the alarm of the port will be reported.

Alarm Masking An alarm management method. Alarms that are set to be masked are not displayed on the NMS or the NMS does not monitor unimportant alarms.

Alarm Severity The significance of a change in system performance or events. According to ITU-T recommendations, an alarm can have one of the following severities: Crit ical, Major, Minor, Warning.

Alarm suppression

An alarm management method. Alarms that are set to be suppressed are not reported from NEs any more.

ALS See Automatic laser shutdown

APS See Automatic Protection Switching

asynchronous Pertaining to, being, or characteristic of something that is not dependent on t iming.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

A protocol for the transmission of a variety of digital signals using uniform 53 byte cells. A transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells; it is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate. Statist ical and deterministic values may also be used to qualify the transfer mode.

ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATPC See Automatic Transmit Power Control

attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss, usually expressed in decibels.

AU See Administrative Unit

AUG See Administrative Unit Group

auto-negotiation An optional function of the IEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet standard that enables devices to automatically exchange information over a link about speed and duplex abilit ies..



117

Automatic laser shutdown

A technique (procedure) to automatically shutdown the output power of laser transmitters and optical amplifiers to avoid exposure to hazardous levels.

Automatic Protection Switching

Capability of a transmission system to detect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the traffic.

Automatic Transmit Power Control

A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detected at the receiver.

A.3 B backplane An electronic circuit board containing circuits and sockets into which

addit ional electronic devices on other circuit boards or cards can be plugged.

backup A periodic operation performed on the data stored in the database for the purposes of database recovery in case that the database is faulty. The backup also refers to data synchronization between active and standby boards.

bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.

BDI Backward Defect Indicator

BER See Bit Error Rate

BER tester Used to measure the bit error rate (BER) of signals during transmission.

Binding strap The binding strap is 12.7 mm wide, with one hook side (made of transparent polypropylene material) and one mat side (made of black nylon material).

BIP A method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit code is generated by equipment at the transmit end over a specified port ion of the signal in such a manner that the first bit of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, and so on. Even parity is generated by sett ing the BIP-X bits so that there is an even number of 1s in each monitored partit ion of the signal. A monitored partit ion comprises all bits which are in the same bit posit ion within the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered portion includes the BIP-X.

Bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the corresponding bit in the received digital signal.

Bit Error Rate Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used to measure the communications quality of a network.

BITS See Building Integrated T iming Supply



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bound path A parallel path with several serial paths bundled together. It improves the data throughput capacity.

BPDU See Bridge Protocol Data Unit

BPS Board Protection Switching

bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them. Bridges operate at the physical network level. Bridges differs from repeaters because bridges store and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals. Bridges differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers use IP addresses.

Bridge Protocol Data Unit

The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was intended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a network topology. The loops are then removed by shutt ing down selected bridges interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.

broadcast The process of sending packets from a source to mult iple destinations. All the ports of the nodes in the network can receive packets.

Broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is determined by the broadcast address.

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station Subsystem

Build-in WDM A function which integrates some simple WDM systems into products that belong to the OSN series. That is, the OSN products can add or drop several wavelengths directly.

Building Integrated Timing Supply

In the situation of mult iple synchronous nodes or communication devices, one can use a device to set up a clock system on the hinge of telecom network to connect the synchronous network as a whole, and provide satisfactory synchronous base signals to the building integrated device. This device is called BITS.

BWS Backbone WDM System

A.4 C cabling The method by which a group of insulated conductors is mechanically

assembled or twisted together.

cable trough The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.

captive nut See Floating nut

CAR See committed access rate

CAS Channel Associated Signaling

CBR See Constant Bit Rate



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CBS Committed Burst Size

CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarization

CCM Continuity Check Message

CDR Clock and Data Recovery

CDVT See Cell Delay Variation Tolerance

Cell Delay Variation Tolerance

This parameter measures the tolerance level a network interface has to aggressive sending (back-to-back or very closely spaced cells) by a connected device, and does not apply to end-systems.

Centralized alarm system

The system that gathers all the information about alarms into a certain terminal console.

CES See circuit emulation service

CFM Connectivity Fault Management

Chain network One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after one to be in series.

channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific speed between two or more locations in a network. Channels can be established through wire, radio (microwave), fiber or a combination of the three. The amount of information transmitted per second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits per second. For example, b/s, kb/s, Mb/s, Gb/s, and Tb/s.

CIR Committed Information Rate

Circuit A combination of two transmission channels permitting transmission in both directions between two points.

circuit emulation service

A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the transmission end, the interface module packs t imeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 t imeslots. The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 t imeslots can be recovered to the original sequence at the reception end.

CIST Common and Internal Spanning Tree

Class of Service CoS is a rule for queuing. It classifies the packets according to the service type field or the tag in packets, and specifies different priorit ies for them. All the nodes in DiffServ domain forwards the packets according to their priorit ies.

client A device that sends requests, receives responses, and obtains services from the server.

Clock Synchronization

Also called frequency synchronization. The signal frequency traces the reference frequency, but the start point does not need to be consistent.

Clock tracing The method to keep the t ime on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a network.



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CLP Cell Loss Priority

CM See Configuration Management

committed access rate

A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface. CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classified into Quality of Service (QoS) groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate can be defined.

Concatenation A process that combines mult iple virtual containers. The combined capacit ies can be used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.

Configuration Data

A command file defining hardware configurations of an NE. With this file, an NE can collaborate with other NEs in an entire network. Configuration data is the key factor for normal running of an entire network.

Configuration Management

A network management function defined by the International Standards Organization (ISO). It involves installing, reinit ializing & modifying hardware & software.

Configure To set the basic parameters of an operation object.

congestion An extra intra-network or inter-network traffic resulting in decreasing network service efficiency.

Connection point A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a connection is bound to the input of another connection, or where the output of a connection is bound to the input of a trail termination sink or another connection. The connection point is characterized by the information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection point is formed by the association of a contradirectional pair.

Constant Bit Rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend on precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.

Convergence A process in which mult iple channels of low-rate signals are mult iplexed into one or several channels of required signals. It refers to the speed and capability for a group of networking devices to run a specific routing protocol. It functions to keep the network topology consistent.

Convergence service

A service that provides enhancements to an underlying service in order to meet the specific requirements of users.

corrugated tube Used to protect optical fibers.

CoS See Class of Service

CPU Central Processing Unit

CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check

current alarm An alarm not handled or not acknowledged after being handled.



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Current Performance Data

Performance data stored currently in a register. An NE provides two types of registers, namely, 15-minute register and 24-hour register, to store performance parameters of a performance monitoring entity. The two types of registers stores performance data only in the specified monitoring period.

Cyclic Redundancy Check

A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.

A.5 D Data Communication Network

A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the data communication function.

Digital Data Network

A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross mult iplex technology.

DC Direct Current

DCC Data Communication Channel

DCD Data Carrier Detect

DCE Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DCN See Data Communication Network

DDF See Digital Distribution Frame

DDN See Digital Data Network

Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function.

Delay Measurement

The t ime elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the frame by a source node until the reception of the last bit of the loopbacked frame by the same source node, when the loopback is performed at the frame's destination node.

Demultiplexing A process applied to a composite signal formed by mult iplexing, for recovering the original independent signals, or groups of these signals.



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Device set A collection of mult iple managed devices. By dividing managed devices into different device sets, users can manage the devices by using the U2000 in an easier way. If an operation authority over one device set is assigned to a user (user group), the authority over all the devices in the device set is assigned to the user (user group), thus making it unnecessary to set the operation authority over all the devices in a device set separately. It is recommended to configure device set by geographical region, network level, device type, or another criterion.

Differentiated Services Code Point

A marker in the header of each IP packet that prompts network routers to apply differentiated grades of service to various packet streams. It is specified by the DiffServ policy proposed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). This allows Internet and other IP-based network service providers to offer different levels of service to customers.

DiffServ A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a series of functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of per-hop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning functions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing.

Digital Distribution Frame

A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and the exchange with transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the functions such as cables connection, cable patching, and test of loops that transmitt ing digital signals.

digital signal A signal in which information is represented by a limited number of discrete states number of discrete states (for example, high and low voltages) rather than by fluctuating levels in a continuous stream, as in an analog signal. In the pulse code modulation (PCM) technology, the 8 kHz sampling frequency is used and a byte contains 8 bits in length. Therefore, a digital signal is also referred to as a byte-based code stream. Digital signals, with simple structures and broad bandwidth, are easy to shape or regenerate, and are not easily affected by external interference.

Distributed Link Aggregation Group

A board-level port protection technology used to detect unidirectional fiber cuts and to negotiate with the opposite end. Once a link down failure occurs on a port or a hardware failure occurs on a board, the services can automatically be switched to the slave board, achieving 1+1 protection for the inter-board ports.

DLAG See Distributed Link Aggregation Group

DM See Delay Measurement

DNI See Dual Node Interconnection

domain A logical subscriber group based on which the subscriber rights are controlled.

DSCP See Differentiated Services Code Point

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Mult iplexer



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DSR Data Set Ready

DTE Data Terminal Equipments

DTR Data Terminal Ready

Dual Node Interconnection

DNI provides an alternative physical interconnection point, between the rings, in case of an interconnection failure scenario.

DVB-ASI Digital Video Broadcast- Asynchronous Serial Interface

DVMRP Distance Vector Mult icast Routing Protocol

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Mult iplexing

A.6 E E-AGGR See Ethernet aggregation

Ear bracket A piece of angle plate with holes in it on a rack. It is used to fix network elements or components.

ECC See Embedded Control Channel

EFM Ethernet in the First Mile

E-LAN A type of Ethernet service that is based on a mult ipoint-to-mult ipoint EVC (Ethernet virtual connection).

ElectroStatic Discharge

The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.

E-Line A type of Ethernet service that is based on a point-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual connection).

Embedded Control Channel

A logical channel that uses a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer, to enable transmission of operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) information between NEs.

EMS Element Management System

encapsulation A technology for layered protocols, in which a lower-level protocol accepts a message from a higher-level protocol and places it in the data port ion of the lower-level frame. Protocol A's packets have complete header information, and are carried by protocol B as data. Packets that encapsulate protocol A have a B header, an A header, followed by the information that protocol A is carrying. Note that A could equal to B, as in IP inside IP.

Enterprise System Connection

A path protocol which connects the host with various control units in a storage system. It is a serial bit stream transmission protocol. The transmission rate is 200 Mbit/s.

Entity A part, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment, or system that can be considered individually.

EoD See Ethernet over Dual Domains

EPL See Ethernet Private Line



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EPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service

Equipment Serial Number

A string of characters that identify a piece of equipment and ensures correct allocation of a license file to the specified equipment. It is also called "equipment fingerprint".

ESCON See Enterprise System Connection

ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge

ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or cabinet to the insert ion of ESD wrist strap.

ESD wrist strap Used to prevent the ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) when you touch or operate a device or component.

ESN See Equipment Serial Number

Ethernet A LAN technology that uses Carrier Sense Mult iple Access/Collision Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s or 10000 Mbit/s. An Ethernet network features high reliability and is easy to maintain.

Ethernet aggregation

A type of Ethernet service that is based on a mult ipoint-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual connection).

Ethernet Alarm Group

The Ethernet alarm group periodically obtain the statist ics value to compare with the configured threshold. If the value exceeds the threshold, an event is reported.

Ethernet over Dual Domains

A type of boards. EoD boards bridge the PSN and TDM networks, enabling Ethernet service transmission across PSN and TDM networks.

Ethernet Private LAN service

A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS networks. This service is carried over a dedicated bridge and point-to-mult ipoint connections.

Ethernet Private Line

A type of Ethernet service that is provided with dedicated bandwidth and point-to-point connections on an SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer network.

Ethernet virtual private LAN service

A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS networks. This service is carried over a shared bridge and point-to-mult ipoint connections.

Ethernet virtual private line

A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS networks. This service is carried over a shared bridge and point-to-point connections.

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

EVPL See Ethernet virtual private line

EVPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service

Exercise Switching

An operation to check whether the protection switching protocol functions properly. The protection switching is not really performed.



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Exerciser - Ring This command exercises ring protection switching of the requested channel without completing the actual bridge and switch. The command is issued and the responses are checked, but no working traffic is affected.

Extended ID The number of the subnet that an NE belongs to, for identifying different network segments in a WAN. The physical ID of an NE is comprised of the NE ID and extended ID.

extra traffic The traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that capacity is not used for the protection of working traffic. Extra traffic is not protected.

A.7 F Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with

a required function to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been detected.

Fairness A feature in which for any link specified in a ring network, the source node is provided with certain bandwidth capacit ies if the data packets transmitted by the source node are constrained by the fairness algorithm.

fairness algorithm

An algorithm designed to ensure the fair sharing of bandwidth among stations in the case of congestion or overloading.

fault A failure to implement the function while the specified operations are performed. A fault does not involve the failure caused by preventive maintenance, insufficiency of external resources or intentional settings.

FC See Fiber Channel

FD See frequency diversity

FDDI See fiber distributed data interface

FDI Forward Defect Indicator

FDV See Frame Delay Variation

FE Fast Ethernet

feature code Code used to select/activate a service feature (for example, forwarding, using two or three digit codes preceded by * or 11 or #, and which may precede subsequent digit selection).

FEC See forwarding equivalence class

FEC See Forward Error Correction

fiber patch cord A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for connections between subracks or inside a subrack.



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Fiber Channel A high-speed transport technology used to build storage area networks (SANs). Fiber channel can be on the networks carrying ATM and IP traffic. It is primarily used for transporting SCSI traffic from servers to disk arrays. Fiber channel supports single-mode and mult i-mode fiber connections. Fiber channel signaling can run on both twisted pair copper wires and coaxial cables. Fiber channel provides both connection-oriented and connectionless services.

Fiber Connect A new generation connection protocol which connects the host to various control units. It carries single byte command protocol through the physical path of fiber channel, and provides higher rate and better performance than ESCON.

Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source (or a detector).

fiber distributed data interface

A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for high-speed fiber-optic local area networks (LANs). FDDI provides specifications for transmission rates of 100 megabits (100 million bits) per second on networks based on the token ring network.

fiber/cable General name of optical fiber and cable. It refers to the physical entit ies that connect the transmission equipment, carry transmission objects (user information and network management information) and perform the transmission function in the transmission network. The optical fiber transmits optical signal, while the cable transmits electrical signal. The fiber/cable between NEs represents the optical fiber connection or cable connection between NEs. The fiber/cable between SDH NEs represents the connection relationship between NEs. At this t ime, the fiber/cable is of optical fiber type.

FICON See Fiber Connect

FIFO First In First Out

Floating nut Floating nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses but are more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to the firewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing.

Flow An aggregation of packets that have the same characterist ics. On the network management system or NE software, flow is a group of classification rules. On boards, it is a group of packets that have the same quality of service (QoS) operation.

FLR See Frame loss ratio

Forced switch For normal traffic signals, switches normal traffic signal to the protection section, unless an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect or SF condit ion exists on the protection section, by issuing a forced switch request for that traffic signal.

Forward Error Correction

A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during transmission are corrected at the receive end.



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forwarding equivalence class

A class-based forwarding technology that classifies the packets with the same forwarding mode. Packets with the same FEC are processed similarly on an MPLS network. The division of FECs is flexible, and can be a combination of the source address, destination address, source port, destination port, protocol type, and VPN.

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

frame A frame, start ing with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle. A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words, a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements pre-specified by the sending and receiving parties.

Frame Delay Variation

A measurement of the variations in the frame delay between a pair of service frames, where the service frames belong to the same CoS instance on a point to point ETH connection.

Frame loss ratio A ratio, is expressed as a percentage, of the number of service frames not delivered divided by the total number of service frames during t ime interval T, where the number of service frames not delivered is the difference between the number of service frames arriving at the ingress ETH flow point and the number of service frames delivered at the egress ETH flow point in a point-to-point ETH connection.

Free-run mode An operating condit ion of a clock, the output signal of which is strongly influenced by the oscillat ing element and not controlled by servo phase-locking techniques. In this mode the clock has never had a network reference input, or the clock has lost external reference and has no access to stored data, that could be acquired from a previously connected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output no longer reflects the influence of a connected external reference, or transit ion from it. Free-run terminates when the clock output has achieved lock to an external reference.

frequency diversity

A diversity scheme in which two or more microwave frequencies with a certain frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.

FTP File Transfer Protocol

full-duplex A full-duplex, or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. Land-line telephone networks are full-duplex, since they allow both callers to speak and be heard at the same time. A good analogy for a full-duplex system would be a two-lane road with one lane for each direction.

A.8 G Gain The difference between the optical power from the input optical

interface of the optical amplifier and the optical power from the output optical interface of the jumper fiber, which expressed in dB.



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Gateway IP When an NE accesses a remote network management system or NE, a router can be used to enable the TCP/IP communication. In this case, the IP address of the router is the gateway IP. Only the gateway NE requires the IP address. The IP address itself cannot identify the uniqueness of an NE. The same IP addresses may exist in different TCP/IP networks. An NE may have mult iple IP addresses, for example, one IP address of the network and one IP address of the Ethernet port.

Gateway Network Element

A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer and the NM application layer.

GE Gigabit Ethernet

Generic Framing Procedure

A framing and encapsulation method which can be applied to any data type. It has been standardized by ITU-T SG15.

GFP See Generic Framing Procedure

GNE See Gateway Network Element

GPS Global Posit ioning System

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

GTS Generic Traffic Shaping

GUI Graphic User Interface

A.9 H half-duplex A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for

communication in both directions, but only one direction at a t ime (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitt ing, before replying.

Hardware loopback

A connection mode in which a fiber jumper is used to connect the input optical interface to the output optical interface of a board to achieve signal loopback.

HDLC High level Data Link Control

HD-SDI See High Definit ion-Serial Digital Interface signal

HEC Header Error Control

Hierarchical Quality of Service

A type of QoS that controls the traffic of users and performs the scheduling according to the priority of user services. HQoS has an advanced traffic statist ics function, and the administrator can monitor the usage of bandwidth of each service. Hence, the bandwidth can be allocated reasonably through traffic analysis.

High Definition-Serial Digital Interface signal

High definit ion video signal transported by serial digital interface.



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History alarm The confirmed alarm that has been saved in the memory and other external memories.

Historical performance data

The performance data that is stored in the history register or that is automatically reported and stored on the NMS.

HP Higher Order Path

HPT Higher Order Path Termination

HQoS See Hierarchical Quality of Service

A.10 I IC Integrated Circuit

IDU Indoor Unit

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IF Intermediate Frequency

IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP Snooping A mult icast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages and controls the mult icast group by listening to and analyzing Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packets between hosts and Layer 3 devices. In this manner, the spread of the mult icast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.

IMA See Inverse Mult iplexing over ATM

IMA frame A control unit in the IMA protocol. It is a logical frame defined as M consecutive cells, numbered 0 to M-l, transmitted on each of the N links in an IMA group.

Input jitter tolerance

The maximum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter frequency, which, when modulating the signal at an equipment input port, results in no more than two errored seconds cumulative, where these errored seconds are integrated over successive 30-second measurement intervals.

Intelligent power adjusting

A mechanism used to reduce the optical power of all the amplifiers in an adjacent regeneration section in the upstream to a safety level if the system detects the loss of optical signals on the link. If the fiber is broken, the device performance degrades, or the connector is not plugged well, the loss of optical signals may occur. With IPA, maintenance engineers will not be hurt by the laser sent out from the slice of broken fiber.

Interface board area

The area for the interface boards on the subrack.

Internal cable The cables and optical fibers which are used for interconnecting electrical interfaces and optical interfaces within the cabinet.



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Internet Group Management Protocol

One of the TCP/IP protocols for managing the membership of Internet Protocol mult icast groups. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent mult icast routers to establish and maintain mult icast group memberships.

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

A technique that involves inverse mult iplexing and de-mult iplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of the link rates.

IP Internet Protocol

IP address A 32-bit (4-byte) binary digit that uniquely identifies a host (computer) connected to the Internet for communication with other hosts in the Internet by transferring packets. An IP address is expressed in dotted decimal notation, consisting of decimal values of its 4 bytes, separated by periods (,), for example, 127.0.0.1. The first three bytes of an IP address identify the network to which the host is connected, and the last byte identifies the host itself.

IP over DCC A technology that enables a DCC channel to carry TCP/IP protocol packets. The IP over DCC technology provides the TCP/IP protocol without using any extra overheads or service resources to ensure interconnection of management channels.

IPA See Intelligent power adjusting

IS-IS Intermedia System-Intermedia System

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO International Standard Organization

ISP Internet Service Provider

IST Internal Spanning Tree

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization

A.11 J Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations,

and control system instability.

jitter tolerance Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input ATM-PON signal that causes a 1 dB optical power penalty at the optical equipment.

A.12 L Label A short identifier that is of fixed length and local significance. It is

used to uniquely identify the FEC to which a packet belongs. It does not contain topology information. It is carried in the header of a packet and does not contain topology information.

LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol



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LAG See link aggregation group

LAN Local Area Network

LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH

Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor laser as the light source.

Layer A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be described hierarchically as successive levels; each layer being solely concerned with the generation and transfer of its characterist ic information.

layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In a LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is at the second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called Layer 2 switch.

LB See Loopback

LBM Loopback Message

LBR Loopback Reply

LC Lucent Connector

LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LCT Local Craft Terminal

License A permission that the vendor provides for the user with a specific function, capacity, and duration of a product. A license can be a file or a serial number. Usually the license consists of encrypted codes. The operation authority granted varies with the level of the license.

Link In the topology view, a link is used to identify the physical or logical connection between two topological nodes. A link is used to connect signaling points (SPs) and signaling transfer points (STPs) and transmit signaling messages.

Link Aggregation Control Protocol

A method of bundling a group of physical interfaces together as a logical interface to increase bandwidth and reliability. For related protocols and standards, refer to IEEE 802.3ad.

link aggregation group

An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it were a single link.

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCAS in the virtual concatenation source and sink adaptation functions provides a control mechanism to hitless increase or decrease the capacity of a link to meet the bandwidth needs of the application. It also provides a means of removing member links that have experienced failure. The LCAS assumes that in cases of capacity init iation, increases or decreases, the construction or destruction of the end-to-end path is the responsibility of the network and element management systems.



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LLC Logical Link Control

LM See Loss Measurement

Locked switching When the switching condit ion is satisfied, this function disables the service from being switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to the working channel.

LO F Loss of Frame

LO M Loss of Mult iframe

Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the signal or message can be analyzed for errors. The loopback can be a inloop or outloop.

LOS Loss of Signal

Loss Measurement

Loss measurement, a method used to collect counter values applicable for ingress and egress service frames where the counters maintain a count of transmitted and received data frames between a pair of MEPs.

Lower Threshold A lower performance limit which when exceeded by a performance event counter will trigger a threshold-crossing event.

LP Lower Order Path

LPT Link State Pass Through

LSP Label Switched Path

LSR Label Switching Router

LT Link Trace

A.13 M MA See Maintenance Association

MAC Medium Access Control

Maintenance Association

TThat port ion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance Entit ies.

Maintenance Domain

The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by connectivity fault management (CFM). The devices in a maintenance domain are managed by a single Internet service provider (ISP).

MAN See Metropolitan Area Network

Manual switch Switches normal traffic signal to the protection section, unless a failure condit ion exists on other sections (including the protection section) or an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect, by issuing a manual switch request for that normal traffic signal.



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Mapping A procedure by which tributaries are adapted into virtual containers at the boundary of an SDH network.

Marking-off template

A quadrate cardboard with four holes. It is used to mark the posit ions of the installat ion holes for the cabinet.

MBS Maximum Burst Size

MCF Message Communication Function

MCR Minimum Cell Rate

MD See Maintenance Domain

Mean launched power

The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into the fiber by the transmitter.

MEP Maintenance End Point

Metropolitan Area Network

A network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large LAN but smaller than the area covered by an WAN. The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging them with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.

MIB Management Information Base

MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

MO DEM MOdulator-DEModulator

MP Maintenance Point

MPID Maintenance Point Identification

MPLS See Mult iprotocol Label Switching

MS Mult iplex Section

MSA Mult iplex Section Adaptation

MSOH See Mult iplex Section Overhead

MSP See Mult iplex Section Protection

MST Mult iplex Section Termination

MSTI Mult iple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP See Mult i-service transmission platform

MSTP See Mult iple Spanning Tree Protocol

MTIE Maximum T ime Interval Error

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit



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Multiprotocol Label Switching

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of networks, and is beneficial to routing.

Multi-service transmission platform

A platform based on the SDH platform, capable of accessing, processing and transmitt ing TDM services, ATM services, and Ethernet services, and providing unified management of these services.

Multicast A process of transmitt ing data packets from one source to many destinations. The destination address of the mult icast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each mult icast address represents a mult icast group rather than a host.

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

A protocol that can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network. The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and mult iple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.

Multiplex Section Overhead

The overhead that comprises rows 5 to 9 of the SOH of the STM-N signal. See SOH definit ion.

Multiplex Section Protection

A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and including two mult iplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a "protection" channel.

Multiplexing A procedure by which mult iple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higher order path or the multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into a mult iplex section.

A.14 N NE See network element

NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the network management system, which is used to manage the telecommunication equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can query, manage and maintain the NE, boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.

network element An NE contains both the hardware and the software running on it . One NE is at least equipped with one system control and communication(SCC) board which manages and monitors the entire network element. The NE software runs on the SCC board.

network node interface

The interface at a network node which is used to interconnect with another network node.

network segment A part of an Ethernet or other network, on which all message traffic is common to all nodes, that is, it is broadcast from one node on the segment and received by all others.



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NLP Normal Link Pulse

NMS Network Management System

NNI See network node interface

NPC Network Parameter Control

nrt-VBR Non Real-T ime Variable Bit Rate

NRZ Non Return to Zero code

NSAP Network Service Access Point

NTP Network T ime Protocol

A.15 O OA See Optical Amplifier

OADM See Optical Add/Drop Mult iplexer

OAM Operations, Administration and Maintenance

OAM auto-discovery

In the case of OAM auto-discovery, two interconnected ports, enabled with the Ethernet in the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM) function, negotiate to determine whether the mutual EFM OAM configuration match with each other by sending and responding to the OAM protocol data unit (OAMPDU). If the mutual EFM OAM configuration match, the two ports enter the EFM OAM handshake phase. In the handshake phase, the two ports regularly send the OAMPDU to maintain the neighborhood relation.

OCP See Optical Channel Protection

ODF See Optical Distribution Frame

ODU Outdoor Unit

O FS Out-of-frame Second

OHA Overhead Access Function

OLT Optical Line Terminal

Online Help The capability of many programs and operating systems to display advice or instructions for using their features when so requested by the user.

ONU Optical Network Unit

OO F Out of Frame

Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

A device that can be used to add the optical signals of various wavelengths to one channel and drop the optical signals of various wavelengths from one channel.

Optical Amplifier Devices or subsystems in which optical signals can be amplified by means of the stimulated emission taking place in a suitable active medium.



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Optical attenuator

A passive device that increases the attenuation in a fiber link. It is used to ensure that the optical power of the signals received at the receive end is not extremely high. It is available in two types: fixed attenuator and variable attenuator.

Optical Channel Protection

In an optical transmission link that contains mult iple wavelengths, when a certain wavelength goes faulty, the services at the wavelength can be protected if the optical channel protection is configured.

Optical Connector

A component normally attached to an optical cable or a piece of apparatus to provide frequent optical interconnection/disconnection of optical fibers or cables.

Optical Distribution Frame

A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.

Optical Interface A component that connects several transmit or receive units.

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

A device that sends a very short pulse of light down a fiber optic communication system and measures the time history of the pulse reflection to measure the fiber length, the light loss and locate the fiber fault.

orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or maintenance engineers of different stations.

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSN Optical Switch Node

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

O TDR See Optical T ime Domain Reflectometer

O TU See Optical transponder unit

Optical transponder unit

A device or subsystem that converts the accessed client signals into the G.694.1/G.694.2-compliant WDM wavelength.

Output optical power

The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.

Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic signals. Orderwire, for example, would be considered overhead information.

A.16 P Paired slots Two slots of which the overheads can be passed through by using the

bus on the backplane.

pass-through The action of transmitt ing the same information that is being received for any given direction of transmission.



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Path A performance resource object defined in the network management system. The left end of a path is a device node whose port needs to be specified and the right end of a path is a certain IP address which can be configured by the user. By defining a path in the network management system, a user can test the performance of a network path between a device port and an IP address. The tested performance may be the path delay, packet loss ratio or other aspects.

PBS Peak Burst Size

PC Personal Computer

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCR Peak Cell Rate

PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU See Power distribution unit

PE See provider edge

Performance register

The memory space for performance event counts, including 15-min current performance register, 24-hour current performance register, 15-min historical performance register, 24-hour historical performance register, UAT register and CSES register. The object of performance event monitoring is the board functional module, so every board functional module has a performance register. A performance register is used to count the performance events taking place within a period of operation time, so as to evaluate the quality of operation from the angle of statist ics.

performance threshold

A limit for generating an alarm for a selected entity. When the measurement result reaches or exceeds the preset alarm threshold, the performance management system generates a performance alarm.

Permanent Virtual Connection

A connection between two ATM end hosts. The connection consists of PVPs between the ATM end hosts and their respective switches, and SVPs between the switches.

PGND Protection Ground

PGND cable A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, one half of the cable is yellow, whereas the other half is green.

PIM-SM Protocol Independent Mult icast-Sparse Mode

PIR Peak Information Rate

plesiochronous Qualifying two t ime-varying phenomena, t ime-scales, or signals in which corresponding significant instants occur at the same rate, any variations in rate being constrained within specified limits. Note: Corresponding significant instants are separated by time intervals having durations which may vary without limit.

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

A mult iplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It mult iplexes the minimum rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.



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PLL Phase-Locked Loop

Pointer An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual container with respect to the frame reference of the transport entity on which this pointer is supported.

POS Packet Over SDH

Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies power for the subracks in the cabinet.

Power distribution unit

A unit that performs AC or DC power distribution.

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PRBS See Pseudo Random Binary Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

Primitive In the hierarchy of signaling system No.7, when the upper layer applies for services from the lower layer or the lower layer transmits services to the upper layer, the data is exchanged between the user and the service provider. The data transmitted between adjacent layers is called primit ive.

Private Line A line, such as a subscriber cable and trunk cable, which are leased by the telecommunication carrier and are used to meet the special user requirements.

Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protection service A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protection subnet In the NMS, the protection subnet becomes a concept of network level other than mult iplex section rings or path protection rings. The protection sub-network involves NEs and fiber cable connections.

Protection View The user interface, of the NMS, which is used to manage protection in the network.

provider edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is responsible for managing VPN users, establishing LSPs between PEs, and exchanging routing information between sites of the same VPN. A PE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.

PS Packet Switched

PSD Power Spectral Density

Pseudo Random Binary Sequence

A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is independent of the values of any of the other elements, similar to real random sequences.



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Pseudo Wire An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.

Pseudo Sire Emulation edge-to-edge

An end-to-end Layer 2 transmission technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a packet switched network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates the essential attributes of low speed t ime division mult iplexing (TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real situation.

PVC See Permanent Virtual Connection

PW See Pseudo Wire

PWE3 See Pseudo Sire Emulation edge-to-edge

A.17 Q QinQ A layer 2 tunnel protocol based on IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation. It add

a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN tag to allow the frame with double VLAN tags to be transmitted over the service provider’s backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. This provides a layer 2 VPN tunnel for customers and enables transparent transmission of packets over private VLANs.

QoS See Quality of Service

Quality of Service A commonly-used performance indicator of a telecommunication system or channel. Depending on the specific system and service, it may relate to jitter, delay, packet loss ratio, bit error ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio. It functions to measure the quality of the transmission system and the effectiveness of the services, as well as the capability of a service provider to meet the demands of users.

A.18 R Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with the STP protocol.

RDI Remote Defect Indication

Receiver Sensitivity

The minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-12 BER (The FEC is open).

Reference clock A kind of stable and high-precision autonous clock providing frequencies for other clocks for reference.

REG A piece of equipment or device that regenerates electrical signals.

Regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes, waveforms and t iming of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits.



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Regenerator section overhead

The regenerator section overhead comprises rows 1 to 3 of the SOH of the STM-N signal.

Remote optical pumping amplifier

A remote optical amplifier subsystem designed for applications where power supply and monitoring systems are unavailable. The ROPA subsystem is a power compensation solution to the ultra-long distance long hop (LHP) transmission.

Resilient Packet Ring

A network topology being developed as a new standard for fiber optic rings.

RF Radio Frequency

RFA Request For Announcement

RFI Request for Information

ring network A type of network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a circular pathway for signals.

RNC Radio Network Controller

ROPA See Remote optical pumping amplifier

route The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.

router A device on the network layer that selects routes in the network. The router selects the optimal route according to the destination address of the received packet through a network and forwards the packet to the next router. The last router is responsible for sending the packet to the destination host. Can be used to connect a LAN to a LAN, a WAN to a WAN, or a LAN to the Internet.

RP Rendezvous Point

RPR See Resilient Packet Ring

RS232 A asynchronous transfer mode that does not involve hand-shaking signal. It can communicate with RS232 and RS422 of other stations in point-to-point mode and the transmission is transparent. Its highest speed is 19.2kbit/s.

RS422 The specification that defines the electrical characterist ics of balanced voltage digital interface circuits. The interface can change to RS232 via the hardware jumper and others are the same as RS232.

RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RTN Radio Transmission Node

RX Receiver



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A.19 S S1 byte A byte to transmit network synchronization status information. On an

SDH network, each NE traces hop by hop to the same clock reference source through a specific clock synchronization path, realizing synchronization on the entire network. If a clock reference source traced by an NE is missing, this NE will trace another clock reference source of a lower level. To implement protection switching of clocks in the whole network, the NE must learn about clock quality information of the clock reference source it traces. Therefore, ITU-T defines S1 byte to transmit network synchronization status information. It uses the lower four bits of the multiplex section overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization quality grades. Auto protection switching of clocks in a synchronous network can be implemented using S1 byte and a proper switching protocol.

SAN Storage Area Network

SC Square Connector

SCR Sustainable Cell Rate

SD See space diversity

SD See Signal Degrade

SD See Standard definit ion

SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDP Serious Disturbance Period

SD-SDI See Standard definit ion-Serial Digital Interface signal

SEC SDH Equipment Clock

Section The portion of a SONET transmission facility, including terminating points, between (i) a terminal network element and a regenerator or (ii) two regenerators. A terminating point is the point after signal regeneration at which performance monitoring is (or may be) done.

Self-healing A function of establishing a replacement connection by network without the network management connection function. When a connection failure occurs, the replacement connection is found by the network elements and rerouted depending on network resources available at that t ime.

Serial port extended ECC

The ECC channel realized by means of serial port.

server A network device that provides services to network users by managing shared resources, often used in the context of a client-server architecture for a LAN.

Service protection

A measure that ensures that the services can be received at the receive end.

SES Severely Errored Second

SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source



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settings Parameters of a system or operation that can be selected by the user.

SF See Signal Fail

Signal Fail A signal indicating that associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condit ion (non-degrade defect) is active.

SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable

SHDSL Single-line High speed Digital Subscriber Line

Side Mode Suppression Ratio

The Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) is the ratio of the largest peak of the total source spectrum to the second largest peak.

signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1 cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signal cable.

Signal Degrade SD is a signal indicating the associated data has degraded in the sense that a degraded defect (e.g., dDEG) condit ion is active.

Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condit ion (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Simple Network Management Protocol

A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the transmission of management information between any two points. The polling mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activit ies of various devices on the network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control information about each device is maintained by a management information block.

slide rail Angle-bars on which shelves and chassis may slide and be supported within a cabinet or shelf.

Small Form-Factor Pluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.

SMSR See Side Mode Suppression Ratio

SNC SubNetwork Connection

SNCMP See Subnetwork connection mult ipath protection

SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection

SNCP node Set the SNC node on the protection sub-network to support sub-network connection protection that spans protection sub-networks. The SNCP node of the ring sub-network can support electric circuit dually feed and selectively receive a t imeslot out of the ring, thus implementing sub-network connection protection. The SNCP node is generally set on the node on the line board with the path protection type of the dual fed and selectively received.

SNCTP See Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection

SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol



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SNR Signal Noise Ratio

space diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.

Spanning Tree Protocol

STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop. STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths through certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network.

SPI Synchronous Physical Interface

SSM See Synchronization Status Message

SSU Synchronization Supply Unit

Standard definition

A video format with the resolution below 720p.

Standard definition-Serial Digital Interface signal

Standard definit ion video signal transported by serial digital interface.

Statistical multiplexing

A mult iplexing technique whereby information from mult iple logical channels can be transmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only to active input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices to be connected than with other mult iplexing techniques.

STM-4 SDH standard for transmission over optical fiber at 622.08 Mbit/s.

STP See Spanning Tree Protocol

Sub-network number

A number used to differentiate network sections in a sub-network conference. A sub-network ID consists of the first several digits (one or two) of a user phone number. An order wire phone number consists of the sub-network ID and the user number.

subnet A type of smaller networks that form a larger network according to a rule, for example, according to different districts. This facilitates the management of the large network.

subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine, server or router matches with the IP address.

Subnetwork connection multipath protection

The only difference is that SNCP is of 1+1 protection and SNCMP is of N+1 protection. That is, several backup channels protect one active channel in SNCMP.

SubNetwork Connection Protection

A function, which allows a working subnetwork connection to be replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required level.



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Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection

SNCTP provides a VC-4 level channel protection. When the working channel is faulty, the services of the entire VC-4 path can be switched over to the protection channel.

Support A part used to support and fix a cabinet on the antistatic floor. It is made of welded steel plates and is used to block up the cabinets to facilitate floor layout and cabling. Before the whole set of equipment is grounded, insulation plates must be installed under the supports, and insulating coverings must be added to the expansion bolts to achieve good insulation performance.

Suppression state An attribute set to determine whether an NE monitors the alarm. Under suppression status, NE will not monitor the corresponding alarm condit ions and the alarm will not occur even when the alarm condit ions are met.

SVC Switching Virtual Connection

Switching priority

A priority of a board that is defined for protection switching. When several protected boards need to be switched, a switching priority should be set for each board. If the switching priorit ies of the boards are the same, services on the board that fails later cannot be switched. Services on the board with higher priority can preempt the switching resources of that with lower priority.

Switching restoration time

It refers to the period of time between the start of detecting and the moment when the line is switched back to the original status after protection switching occurs in the MSP sub-network.

Synchronization Status Message

A message that carries quality levels of timing signals on a synchronous t iming link. Nodes on an SDH network and a synchronization network acquire upstream clock information through this message. Then the nodes can perform proper operations on their clocks, such as tracing, switching, or converting to holdoff, and forward the synchronization information to downstream nodes.

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines the transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, mult iplexing mode, transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to mult iplex the signals to high-speed counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is used only for signals. SDH is suitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since it uses synchronous mult iplexing and flexible mapping structure.

Synchronous source

A clock providing t iming services to connected network elements. This would include clocks conforming to Recommendations G.811, G.812 and G.813.



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A.20 T Tandem Connection Monitor

In the SDH transport hierarchy, the TCM is located between the AU/TU management layer and HP/LP layer. It uses the N1/N2 byte of POH overhead to monitor the quality of the transport channels on a transmission section (TCM section).

TCM See Tandem Connection Monitor

TCP/IP See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDM Time Division Mult iplexing

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

Timeslot Continuously repeating interval of t ime or a t ime period in which two devices are able to interconnect.

Time Synchronization

Also called the moment synchronization, t ime synchronization means that the synchronization of the absolute t ime, which requires that the start ing t ime of the signals keeps consistent with the UTC time.

TM Terminal Multiplexer

TMN Telecommunications Management Network

ToS See Type of Service

TPS See Tributary Protection Switch

Trail management function

A network level management function of the network management system. This function enables you to configure end-to-end services, view graphic interface and visual routes of a trail, query detailed information of a trail, filter, search and locate a trail quickly, manage and maintain trails in a centralized manner, manage alarms and performance data by trail, and print a trail report.

Transceiver A transmitter and receiver housed together in a single unit and having some circuits in common, often for portable or mobile use.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Common name for the suite of protocols developed to support the construction of worldwide internetworks.

transparent transmission

A process during which the signaling protocol or data is not processed in the content but encapsulated in the format for the processing of the next phase.

Tray A component that can be installed in the cabinet for holding chassis or other devices.

Tributary loopback

A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of the tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes: no loopback, outloop, and inloop.

Tributary Protection Switch

A function that uses a standby tributary processing board to protect N tributary processing boards.



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Tributary unit An information structure which provides adaptation between the lower order path layer and the higher order path layer. It consists of an information payload (the lower order VC) and a TU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the higher order VC frame start.

Tributary Unit Group

One or more Tributary Units, occupying fixed, defined posit ions in a higher order VC-n payload is termed a Tributary Unit Group (TUG). TUGs are defined in such a way that mixed capacity payloads made up of different size Tributary Units can be constructed to increase flexibility of the transport network.

TTL Time To Live

TU Tributary Unit

TUG See Tributary Unit Group

Tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs. In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entit ies. The tunnel ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel is an MPLS tunnel.

Type of Service A field in an IP packet (IP datagram) used for quality of service (QoS). The TOS field has 8 bits in length, which is divided into five subfields.

A.21 U UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

UAS Unavailable Second

UBR Unspecified Bit Rate

underfloor cabling

The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.

UNI See User-to-Network Interface

Unprotected Pertaining to the transmission of the services that are not protected. The services cannot be switched to the protection channel if the working channel is faulty or the service is interrupted, because protection mechanism is not configured.

Unprotected sub-network

A sub-network without any protection mechanism. The purpose of such configuration is to provide the basic data of trail protection for subsequent trail management.

Upload An operation to report some or all configuration data of an NE to the NMS. The configuration data then covers the configuration data stored at the NMS side.

UPM Uninterruptible Power Module

Upper threshold TThe crit ical value that can induce unexpected events if exceeded.

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply



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Upward cabling Cables or fibers connect the cabinet with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.

User Any entity external to the network which utilizes connections through the network for communication. A person or other entity authorized by a subscriber to use some or all of the services subscribed to by that subscriber.

User-to-Network Interface

The interface between user equipment and private or public network equipment (for example, ATM switches).

UTC Universal T ime Coordinated

A.22 V VB Virtual Bridge

VBR Variable Bit Rate

VC Virtual Concatenation

VC See Virtual Container

VCG Virtual Concatenation Group

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

Virtual Container

The information structure used to support path layer connections in the SDH. It consists of information payload and path overhead (POH) information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 or 500 µs.

Virtual local area network

A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on the same physical network segment but which share the same IP network number. This is often associated with switched Ethernet.

Virtual Private Network

A system configuration, where the subscriber is able to build a private network via connections to different network switches that may include private network capabilities.

VLAN See Virtual local area network

VP Virtual Path

VPI Virtual Path Identifier

VPN See Virtual Private Network

A.23 W Wait to Restore The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to

the working line.

WAN Wide Area Network

Wander The long-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their ideal posit ion in t ime (where long-term implies that these variations are of frequency less than 10 Hz).



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washer A washer is a thin flat ring of metal or rubber which is placed over a bolt before the nut is screwed on.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

A technology that utilizes the characterist ics of broad bandwidth and low attenuation of single mode optical fiber, uses mult iple wavelengths as carriers, and allows mult iple channels to transmit simultaneously in a single fiber.

Wavelength protection group

Data for describing the wavelength protection structure. Its function is similar to that of the protection subnet for SDH NEs. The wavelength path protection can work only with the correct configuration of the wavelength protection group.

WDM See Wavelength Division Mult iplexing

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing

Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.

Working path A path allocated to transport the normal traffic.

WRED Weighted Random Early Detection

WTR See Wait to Restore

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