Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Lesson Plan Objectives: Characterize the physical, social and emotional

changes that take place in adulthood. Identify and describe the changes that occur in

health and life during old age. Identify and describe how people physically,

mentally and socially adjust to old age.

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Lesson Plan Objectives: Identify and describe the five emotional stages

encountered by individuals prior to dying. Identify and describe the elements and benefits

of hospice care.

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Adulthood: “A full grown human/organism that has

obtained both “legal age” and maturity” Early Adulthood: 20 – 30 years of age Middle Adulthood: 30 – 40 years of age Late Adulthood: 50 – 60 years of age

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Fig 5.1

How our bodies age

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Physical Changes - Change Theories: Breakdown theory of Aging: The human body

ages as a result of the breakdown of cells over time and the body’s inability to repair/replace the cells due to normal wear & tear.

Biological clock theory of Aging: The cells of a human body are genetically pre-programmed to divide and multiply a predetermined number of times. After the maximum number has been reached, the cells “die”.

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Aging Gracefully

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Assignment: Chapter 5 Worksheet Part 1: Answer the questions for assignment

5-1 using pages 129 – 136. Part 2: Answer the questions for assignment

5-2 using pages 137 – 143 Responses must completely and fully answer all

parts of the question(s).

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Aging Information: Human body is at its physical peak between

18 – 30 years of age During the “peak” the body is strongest, healthiest & quickest reflexes Process of physical decline is slow and gradual

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Health Problems: Appearance Hair starts to thin & turn gray Skin starts to dry out, wrinkle and becomes inelastic Built up muscles & fat breaks down Stature begins to shrink Eyesight begins to fail, hard to focus on far & near objects (reading), difficulty seeing during darkness Gradual loss of ability to hear Gradual slowing of reaction times

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Life Style Choices

Good health = Eating right, No smoking, No alcohol, Exercise &

Limited emotional stress

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Marriage and Divorce 90% of Adult in the US will marry 40% of marriages end in divorce Healthy marriages: have same number of arguments but argue constructively & focus on solutions

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Cognitive Changes Continued ability to acquire “new” knowledge Some decline in process speed Flexibility in “thinking processes” increases with

experienceCreativity peaks for:

Scholarship, science & arts by 40 Humanities, literature & foreign languages by 60

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Social & Personality Development: An individual’s personality remains stable over

the years

20 - 40

40 - 60

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Female Development: Empty nest – depression from lack of purpose Fewer demands w/o raising children Return to previous careers, college, hobbies Raising grandchildren

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Old Age: Attitudes Many “younger” individuals regard old age as one

step from the grave Popular media makes jokes about it Use of “senior citizen” or “golden agers” to describe Decremential Model of Aging – physical & mental

decline with old aging General belief that old agers suffer poor health, live

in poverty, frequent victims of crime, sit around and do nothing

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Changes in Health 1% decline in physical strength and senses each year 25% of individuals over 65 are obese 40% have one chronic disease (heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis)

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Changes in Health Major causes of death in old age: heart disease, cancer or stroke General quality of health care for old agers is

poor than general population Lower socioeconomic class Lack of physicians willing to treat Long-term chronic conditions

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Changes in Life Situation:

Adult transitions - Retirement & Widowhood By age 65, 50% of women & 20% of males lose

spouses through death By age 80, 70% of women & 33% of males are

alone Across the generations: 6-widows for every widower

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Changes in Life Situation:

Adult transitions – Depression Due to life changes (aging, loss of spouse or

friends) Symptoms: weight changes, feelings of worthlessness, extreme sadness, inability concentrate, thoughts of death or suicide

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Adjusting to Old Age When individuals are unable to maintain what

they value (health, socialization, friends/family, leisure/work activities) self worth & quality of life suffers Assertive personalities are better able to cope

(demand more) Support groups: AARP (American Association

of Retired People)

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Changes in Metal Functioning “Fluid Intelligence” – ability to solve abstract relational problems decreases “Crystallized Intelligence” – ability to accumulate

knowledge and learning continues Difficulty in retrieving information from memory Senile Dementia – forgetfulness, memory loss,

disorientation, impaired thinking and attention, altered personality, difficulty in relation to others

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Alzheimer’s Disease: 4th leading cause of death in the US, approx. 4-million infected Neurological disease – gradual deterioration of cognitive functions Frequent forgetting, poor judgment, irritability Inability to comprehend simple questions, unable to

recognize family or friends Weakened physical & mental state makes the individual vulnerable to other illnesses

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Death & Dying: Social issues – care for the dying, cultural issues, legal & medical issues (assisted suicide) Thanatology – Study of death & dying Dr. Elisabeth Küber-Ross: 5-Stages of psychological adjustment

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Hospice: 1900 – average life span: approx. 50 years Individuals usually died at home 2000 – average life span: approx. 75 years Today many individuals die in hospitals or nursing homes

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

Hospice: Medical machines prolong life when the body is

unable Hospice is designed to make the dying patient’s

surroundings pleasant & comfortable Not to prolong life but to improve the quality of

life remaining Use of drugs to ease discomfort and ease pain

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Psychology

Title: Adulthood & Old Age (Chap.5)

END

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