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Safety and health at work is everyone’s concern. It’s good for you. It’s good for business.
Psychosocial risks in the workplace in Europe – evidence from
ESENER-2
Ljubljana, 27 October 2017
Xabier Irastorza,
Project Manager, Prevention and Research Unit
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Content
1. ESENER-2 findings on psychosocial risks
2. In-depth analyses
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1. ESENER-2 – Risk factors present in the
establishment (% establishments, Slovenia and EU-28)
Base: all establishments in the EU-28 and Slovenia.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Discrimination
Employees' lack of influence
Job insecurity
Poor communication or cooperation
Long or irregular working hours
Loud noise
Heat, cold or draught
Increased risk of slips, trips and falls
Chemical or biological substances
Time pressure
Risk of accidents with vehicles in the course of work
Lifting or moving people or heavy loads
Risk of accidents with machines
Repetitive hand or arm movements
Tiring or painful positions
Difficult customers
Slovenia EU-28
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1. ESENER-2 – Missing information or lacking adequate tools to deal
with risk factors present in the establishment (% establishments,
Slovenia and EU-28)
Base: all establishments reporting the presence of the specific risk factor, in the EU-28 and Slovenia.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Risk of accidents with machines or hand tools
Chemical or biological substances
Risk of accidents with vehicles in the course of work
Loud noise
Increased risk of slips, trips and falls
Lifting or moving people or heavy loads
Tiring or painful positions, including sitting for long…
Repetitive hand or arm movements
Heat, cold or draught
Having to deal with difficult customers, patients,…
Long or irregular working hours
Time pressure
Employees' lack of influence on their work pace or…
Job insecurity
Poor communication or cooperation within the…
Slovenia EU-28
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1. ESENER-2 – Psychosocial risk factors present in the
establishment, by activity sector (% establishments, EU-28)
Base: all establishments in the EU-28.
Risk factor (% establishments across all
sectors)
Most frequently reported sector (% establishments in the
sector)
Having to deal with difficult customers, patients,
pupils, etc. (58)
Human health and social work activities (79)
Education (71)
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (68)
Time pressure (43)
Professional, scientific and technical activities (53)
Human health and social work activities (50)
Information and communication (50)
Long or irregular working hours (23)
Arts, entertainment and recreation (41)
Accommodation and food service activities (39)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (35)
Poor communication or cooperation within the
organisation (17)
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (27)
Human health and social work activities (22)
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (20)
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1. ESENER-2 – Psychosocial risk factors present in the
establishment, by activity sector (% establishments, EU-28)
Base: all establishments in the EU-28.
Risk factor (% establishments across all
sectors)Most frequently reported sector (% establishments in the sector)
Job insecurity (15)
Education (20)
Administrative and support service activities (19)
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (19)
Employees’ lack of influence on their work
pace or work processes (13)
Mining and quarrying (21)
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (18)
Administrative and support service activities (17)
Discrimination, for example due to gender,
age or ethnicity (2)
Human health and social work activities (5)
Administrative and support service activities (5)
Arts, entertainment and recreation (5)
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1. ESENER-2 – Psychosocial risk factors present in the
establishment, by size (% establishments, EU-28)
Base: all establishments in the EU-28.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Difficultcustomers
Time pressure Long or irregularworking hours
Poorcommunicationor cooperation
Job insecurity Employees' lackof influence
Discrimination
5-9 10-49 50-249 250+
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1. ESENER-2 – Sufficient information on how to include psychosocial
risks in risk assessment, by country (% establishments, EU-28)
Base: all establishments in the EU-28.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Yes No NA
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1. ESENER-2 – Action plan to prevent stress and procedures for
bullying/harassment and threats, abuse or assaults by the third parties, by
sector (% establishments, EU-28)
Base: all establishments with more than 19 employees (EU-28).
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Manufacturing
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Construction
Mining and quarrying
Information and communication
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles,…
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and…
Transportation and storage
Public administration and defence; compulsory social…
Other service activities
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
EU-28
Administrative and support service activities
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Financial and insurance activities
Accommodation and food service activities
Real estate activities
Education
Human health and social work activities
Violence Bullying or harassment Stress
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1. ESENER-2 – Measures in place to prevent psychosocial risks, by
activity sector (% establishments, EU-28)
Base: all establishments in the EU-28.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mining and quarryingAgriculture, forestry and fishing
Real estate activitiesConstruction
ManufacturingWholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles
Accommodation and food service activitiesEU-28
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation…Professional, scientific and technical activities
Arts, entertainment and recreationInformation and communication
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supplyTransportation and storage
Public administration and defence; compulsory social securityAdministrative and support service activities
Other service activitiesFinancial and insurance activities
EducationHuman health and social work activities
Confidential counselling for employees
Reorganisation of work in order to reduce job demands and work pressure
Set-up of a conflict resolution procedure
Intervention if excessively long or irregular hours are worked
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1. ESENER-2 – Worker involvement in measures to address
psychosocial risks, by country (% establishments)
Base: establishments reporting
measures in place to deal with
psychosocial risks.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Portugal
Croatia
Slovenia
Malta
Czech Republic
United Kingdom
France
Cyprus
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Belgium
Spain
EU-28
Ireland
Italy
Germany
Greece
Romania
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
Austria
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1. ESENER-2 – Psychosocial risk management measures by existence
of formal employee representation (% establishments, EU-28).
Base: all establishments –size thresholds and filters apply for some items .
0 20 40 60 80
Use of a psychologist
Intervention if excessively long or irregular hours are worked
Action plan to prevent work-related stress
Set-up of a conflict resolution procedure
Confidential counselling for employees
Reorganisation of work
Provision of training to prevent psychosocial risks
Procedure in place to deal with bullying or harassment
Procedure in place to deal with cases of threats
Employees have a role in design and set-up of measures todeal with psychosocial risks
Establishments with some form of employee representation Establishments without employee representation
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2. ESENER-2 – Secondary analyses
Topic Publication
Worker participation in the management of OSH Q2 2017
Joint analysis of ESENER-2, the 2013 LFS ad-hoc
module and the 6th EWCSQ2 2017
OSH management Q1 2018
Psychosocial risks management Q1 2018
Technical assessment of the expansion of the survey universe Q2 2018
Evaluation of the ESENER-2 survey and follow up projects Q2 2018
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Key findings
Exposure to specific risks (by workers)
risk management, and
particularly, awareness.
Reporting of health problems (by workers)
marginally with risk management (OSH and MSDs)
significantly with psychosocial risks.
2. ESENER-2 – Joint analysis of ESENER-2, the 2013 LFS ad-
hoc module and the 6th EWCS
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2. ESENER-2 – Joint analysis of ESENER-2, the 2013 LFS ad-
hoc module and the 6th EWCS
DriversIncreased variance due
to driver (R2)
Management commitment 0.02
Formal employee representation 0.06
Employee involvement in OSH management 0.02
OSH Communication/OSH issues discussed 0.00
Meeting employee expectations 0.02
Fulfilling legal obligations 0.03
Increasing productivity 0.00
Organisation’s reputation 0.01
Employees involved in design and set-up of
psychosocial risk measures0.12
Impact of drivers on psychosocial risk management
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2. ESENER-2 – OSH Management Composite score on psychosocial risk management
ESENER-2 questionnaire itemMost/least
frequent
Q252_5 Routine risk assessment of supervisor-employee relationships
Q252_6Routine risk assessment of organizational aspects such as work schedules, breaks
or shifts+++
Q300 Action plan to prevent work-related stress ---
Q301 Procedure to deal with possible cases of bullying or harassment
Q302Procedure to deal with possible cases of threats, abuse or assaults by clients,
patients, pupils or other external persons
Q303 Use of 1 or more measure to prevent psychosocial risks +
Q305 Involvement of employees in the design and set-up of measures ++
Q356_3 Training for employees on how to prevent psychosocial risks --
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Base: all establishments EU28+Iceland and Norway –size thresholds and filters apply for some items
.
OSH and PSR management score by size and multi/single (EU28 + Iceland and Norway)
2. ESENER-2 – OSH Management Composite score on OSH and psychosocial risk management
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
OSH management PSR management
Micro single Micro multi Small single Small multi Medium single Medium multi Large single Large multi
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Base: all establishments EU28+Iceland and Norway –size thresholds and filters apply for some items .
OSH and PSR management score by sector grouping (EU28 + Iceland and Norway)
2. ESENER-2 – OSH Management Composite score on OSH and psychosocial risk management
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
OSH management PSR management
Service (non-active) Service (active) Public Productive Manufacturing
Service (non-active): IT, Finance, Real estate and other technical scientific or personal service activities
Service (active): Trade, transport, food/accommodation and recreation activities
Public: Public administration, Education, human health and social work activities.
Productive: Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Construction, waste management, water and electricity supply
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Base: all establishments –size thresholds and filters apply for some items .
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
OSH management PSR management
Central / Eastern Western Scandinavian Southern / Latin British Isles
2. ESENER-2 – OSH Management Composite score on OSH and psychosocial risk management
Odd ratios of country groups for high levels of OSH and PSR management (EU28 + Iceland
and Norway)
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2. ESENER-2: Psychosocial risk management
Size and Sector
Psychosocial
risk (PRS)
management
Organisational
level barriers &
drivers
National culture-power distance
-masculinity
-uncertainty avoidance
Economy and national PRS initiatives
Theoretical framework
Research methods: statistical analysis and expert focus group
Contractor: TNO, the Netherlands.
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2. ESENER-2: psychosocial risk management
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2. ESENER-2: psychosocial risk management
-0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
Power Distance
Masculinity
Uncertainty Avoidance
GDP
Joint efforts by social partners
Measures to implement stress framework
Associations between national context variables and psychosocial risk management
(standardized scores).
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When adjusted for the GDP and national initiatives on psychosocial risks (PSR), none of the culture characteristics remains significantly associated with PSR management
Model 1* Model 2** Model 3*** Model 4****
estimate p value estimate p value estimate p value estimate p value
Power
Distance-0.36 0.01 -0.25 0.09 -0.25 0.06 -0.20 0.17
Masculinity -0.23 0.06 -0.22 0.03 -0.19 0.08 -0.18 0.10
Uncertainty
Avoidance-0.42 0.00 -0.31 0.03 -0.32 0.02 -0.27 0.06
*Sector, size, country and respondent type; **GDP per capita; ***National initiatives; ***GDP and national initiatives
ESENER-2: psychosocial risk management (2016-17) (secondary analysis)
Most organisational drivers and barriers are not or only weakly
related to cultural dimensions and national characteristics
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Conclusions
Importance of psychosocial risk (PRS) management widely
recognised by policy makers, social partners and workplaces
A high variation in PRS management by country, sector and
company size
The role of worker participation in PRS management is poorly
defined and dependent on specific circumstances
Organisational drivers and barriers are crucial, but national
socio-economic context is also important
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HVALA!
www.esener.eu
http://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Category:Statistics
