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Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

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Page 1: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Page 2: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

What Is Psychology?

• Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior.

• What is science?• What are mental processes?• What is behavior?

• Dog Story-Perception• Governed by relationships

Page 3: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

Levels of Analysis

The person

The group

The brain

Page 4: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

History of Psychology

Page 5: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

American FunctionalismAmerican Functionalism

• 1890-1920• Roots go back to 1870s• Chauncy Wright

• The Metaphysical Club• Included very important people in

future of American science, philosophy, law and psychology• William James

• 1890-1920• Roots go back to 1870s• Chauncy Wright

• The Metaphysical Club• Included very important people in

future of American science, philosophy, law and psychology• William James

Page 6: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• Progressives• Fabian

Socialists

• Progressives• Fabian

Socialists

Page 7: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 8: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 9: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

Wilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt

• First institute for experimental psychology

• Germany

• First institute for experimental psychology

• Germany

Page 10: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 11: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• Evolutionary psychology• Evolutionarily successful

cognitive strategies and goals survived

• Cultural universality• Human and animal similarities

Page 12: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 13: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 14: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 15: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• By 1890s, had abandoned biology based psychology of Wundt

• Adopted Evolutionary Psychology• Psychology of the mind• Restarting of psychological research

based on evolution instead of physiology

• By 1890s, had abandoned biology based psychology of Wundt

• Adopted Evolutionary Psychology• Psychology of the mind• Restarting of psychological research

based on evolution instead of physiology

Page 16: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

James CattellJames Cattell

Page 17: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Page 18: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

US undergoing civil strifeUS undergoing civil strife

Page 19: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 20: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 21: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 22: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?
Page 23: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Page 24: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Page 25: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

“That way leads to extinction.”

“That way leads to extinction.”

Page 26: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Page 27: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Page 28: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Page 29: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Page 30: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• Premature to apply psychology to real world applications

• Keep psychology pure• Started structuralism

• Premature to apply psychology to real world applications

• Keep psychology pure• Started structuralism

Wundt’s discipleEdward Bradford Titchner

Page 31: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• Structuralism

• Focused on identifying the “building blocks” of consciousness• Sensations and images of feeling• Measure of time it takes to feel• Introspection: Looking within

• Not objectively verifiable• More expertise, less introspection

• Main contribution=Psychology is a science• Dismissed all other psychology as

“functionalism”

Some History

Page 32: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• Psychodynamic Theory• Sigmund Freud• The mind has separate

components• Conscious and unconscious

components

• Much of behavior in influenced by the unconscious

• Desires vs. social rules

• Psychoanalysis

Page 33: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

Reaction to study of hidden unconscious

• Behaviorism • Reaction to focus on unconscious• The mind cannot be observed• Behavior can be observed• Science should study the observable,not emotion

Page 34: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

The Evolution of a Science

• Humanistic Psychology• Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow• “Client”-centered therapy• We strive for self-actualization

Page 35: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• The Cognitive Revolution• Focus on mental processes

(information processing)• Computer metaphor• Showed importance of studying

the unobservable

Page 36: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

Psychotherapy

• Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist• Psychotherapist

Page 37: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• Academic Psychologists• Teach classes• Conduct research• Main Types:

• Clinical• Cognitive• Developmental• Social• Physiological

Page 38: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

• Applied Psychologists• Solve problems in practical areas• Main Types:

• Human factors• Industrial/organizational• Personality• Social• Sport• School

Page 39: Psychology: Yesterday and Today. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes?

Ethics in Research

• Institutional Review Board (IRB)• Research with people

• Informed consent• Avoid deception unless necessary• Debriefing

• Research with animals• Avoid mistreatment• Proper housing