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PsychologistsWeek 4
Wilhem Wundt
Structuralism
Remember him, you should.
William James
1842-1910 New York
Wrote Principle of Psychology (published in 1890)
Functionalist
Promoted the idea that the mind and consciousness itself would not exist if it didn’t serve a practical and adaptive purpose.
Sir Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton
1822-1911
England
Supposedly related to Charles Darwin (evolution guy)
Traveled around the world and created maps, received an award Royal Geographical Society
After 1859, studied identical twins and worked on first intelligence test
Created phrase “nature and nurture”
Studied inheritable traits and eugenics (a science that deals with the improvement of hereditary qualities)
Max Wertheimer
1880-1943
Prague
Gestalt method
Was studying “feebleminded” children and music Found that a melody cannot be understood merely in terms of its individual notes; but he went beyond this formulation. He demonstrated, among other things, that the recognition of an altered melody does not depend on the number of notes changed but on the notes’ positions in the melody’s structure.
Kurt Koffka
1886-1941
Berlin
Did experiments on perception
Wanted to stress an holistic approach psychological phenomena cannot be interpreted as combinations of elements: parts derive their meaning from the whole, and people perceive complex entities rather than their elements.
Gestalt method
Wrote a book on “Growth of the Mind: An introduction to Child Psychology”
Mary Whiton Calkins
1863-1930
Connecticut
First women to become a Psychologist
Mary Whiton Calkins
Took classes at Harvard, but wasn’t allowed to actually attend
Did research on dreams
Invented the paired association technique
Created self-psychologyExplains that the self is an active agent acting consciously and purposefully
Freud
Freud
Wait, its funny, she thinks she is a dog!!!!!!
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939
Austrian neurologist
Known as the father of psychoanalysis
http://www.biography.com/people/sigmund-freud-9302400?page=1
Sigmund Freud
In 1900, published The Interpretation of Dreams Based on his analysis of “neurotic and hysterical” patients
Theorized that forgetfulness or slips of the tongue were not accidental, but it was the “dynamic unconscious”
Looked at personality as being part of the Id, Ego, and Superego
Developed the “talking cure”
Psychoanalytic Psychologist
Ivan Pavlov
1849-1936
Russia
Between 1891 and 1900, did a lot of research on the physiology of digestion
Studied dogs and their digestive system, rang a bell and gave meat, eventually the dogs drooled by just hearing the bell
This led to the conditioned reflexes
B.F. Skinner
1904- 1990
Pennsylvania
Behaviorist
Operant conditioning
Found that behaviors are dependent on what happens after the response
Abraham Maslow
1908-1970
Brooklyn New York
Humanist
(Was classified by psychologists as mentally unstable when he was a kid)
Albert Bandura
Born in Canada in 1925
A survey in 2002 said he ranking in the top 5 most cited psychologists.
Some would say he is a behaviorist, he would say that he was a “social cognitivist”
Looked at modeling and imitation
Talks a lot of about self-efficacy
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
Jean Piaget
1896-1980
France
Cognitivist
Observational studies on children
Children are born with basic mental structure
http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
Carl Rogers
1902-1987
Oak Park, IL
Humanist
Creator of client-centered counseling and student-centered education
Took Maslow’s ideas furtherOpen-ness and self discloser, acceptance, seen with positive regard, and empathy
"As no one else can know how we perceive, we are the best experts on ourselves."
Roger Sperry
1913- 1994
Connecticut
Psychobiologist
1960’s did extensive experiments on a patient with epilepsy
They cut his corpus collosum
Found that people are of two minds: the right brain and the left brain
Leonard Doob
1909-2000
New York
Sociopyschologist
Self described as a liberal social psychologist.
Focused on propaganda during WWII and public opinion
Spent time on conflict resolution in Africa
Time Reports Reading
Jean Piaget Sigmund Freud