Psychological TestingUnit 3Unit 3

ReliabilityReliability: Is the test consistent? Do you get the same : Is the test consistent? Do you get the same result under any circumstance? Test-retestresult under any circumstance? Test-retest

ValidityValidity: Does the test measure what it is supposed to? : Does the test measure what it is supposed to? The longer = more validThe longer = more valid

StandardizationStandardization: (IOWA, LEAP, ACT): (IOWA, LEAP, ACT) Tests are given and scored the same way every Tests are given and scored the same way every

timetime Establishes a norm, or the average score, made Establishes a norm, or the average score, made

by a large group of peopleby a large group of people PPercentile Systemercentile System: “grading on the curve”: “grading on the curve”

*Scores are placed in order from highest to lowest and *Scores are placed in order from highest to lowest and are assigned a percentileare assigned a percentile

Measurement Tests1)1) Achievement testsAchievement tests

measure people’s skills & the knowledge they measure people’s skills & the knowledge they have in specific academic areashave in specific academic areas

2)2) Aptitude testsAptitude tests (taken before training) (taken before training)measure specific abilities or skills; determine measure specific abilities or skills; determine

whether a person is likely to do well in a field ex. whether a person is likely to do well in a field ex. SATSAT

3)3) Interest InventoriesInterest Inventoriesdetermine whether their interests are similar to determine whether their interests are similar to

people in line of workpeople in line of workEx. Kuder Preference Record & Strong-Ex. Kuder Preference Record & Strong-

Campbell Interest InventoryCampbell Interest Inventory

I. INTELLIGENCE TESTING:I. INTELLIGENCE TESTING:

Intelligence:Intelligence: the ability to acquire new the ability to acquire new ideas and new behavior and to adapt to ideas and new behavior and to adapt to new situationsnew situations

Gardner’s Theory of Intelligence:Gardner’s Theory of Intelligence:*Came up with 8 types of intelligences*Came up with 8 types of intelligences

1. Verbal: speaking1. Verbal: speaking2. Logical-mathematical: formulas & theories2. Logical-mathematical: formulas & theories3. Spatial: ability to find your way around an 3. Spatial: ability to find your way around an

environmentenvironment4. Musical: ability to create and perceive pitch and 4. Musical: ability to create and perceive pitch and

rhythm patternsrhythm patterns5. Body-kinesthetic: body movement (athletics)5. Body-kinesthetic: body movement (athletics)6. Interpersonal: communication with others 6. Interpersonal: communication with others 7. Intrapersonal: knowledge of oneself7. Intrapersonal: knowledge of oneself8. Naturalist: a person’s ability to identify and classify 8. Naturalist: a person’s ability to identify and classify

patterns in naturepatterns in nature

IQ Scores (Intelligence Quotient):IQ Scores (Intelligence Quotient): dividing a dividing a child’s mental agechild’s mental age (the average age of those (the average age of those who also received the same score as that child) who also received the same score as that child) by by chronological agechronological age (actual age) and (actual age) and multiplying by 100multiplying by 100

IQ = IQ = Mental AgeMental Age x 100 x 100 Chronological AgeChronological Age*average score is 100; >100 (intelligent); <70 *average score is 100; >100 (intelligent); <70

(handicapped)(handicapped)*2% score @ or above 130*2% score @ or above 130

II. PERSONALITY TESTING:II. PERSONALITY TESTING:

*used to identify personality *used to identify personality characteristics and to identify problems characteristics and to identify problems and psychological disordersand psychological disorders

*personality includes a person’s *personality includes a person’s characteristics, habits, preferences, and characteristics, habits, preferences, and moodsmoods

A) A) TYPES OF OBJECTIVE TESTS:TYPES OF OBJECTIVE TESTS: forced-choice tests; must select from possible forced-choice tests; must select from possible answers; (-) must rely on a person’s self-answers; (-) must rely on a person’s self-reportsreports(1) (1) MMPIMMPI: Minnesota Multiphasic : Minnesota Multiphasic

Personality Inventory Personality Inventory (1930s & (1930s & 1940s) 1940s)

*this test has 567 statements to which the person *this test has 567 statements to which the person can respond true, false, or cannot saycan respond true, false, or cannot say

*EX: I like tall women; I am envied by most *EX: I like tall women; I am envied by most people; I am seldom troubled by headachespeople; I am seldom troubled by headaches

*reveals habits, fears, delusions, and symptoms *reveals habits, fears, delusions, and symptoms of disordersof disorders

(2) Meyers-Briggs Test:(2) Meyers-Briggs Test:• characterizes personality into 4 scalescharacterizes personality into 4 scales

1. Extrovert vs. introvert: out-going or keep 1. Extrovert vs. introvert: out-going or keep to yourselfto yourself

2. Intuitive vs. sensing: sensing something 2. Intuitive vs. sensing: sensing something without knowing why or seeing to believingwithout knowing why or seeing to believing

3. Feeling vs. thinking: heart or mind3. Feeling vs. thinking: heart or mind4. Judging vs. perceptive: organized, 4. Judging vs. perceptive: organized,

structured, or flexiblestructured, or flexible

(B) (B) TYPES OF PROJECTIVE TESTSTYPES OF PROJECTIVE TESTS: respond : respond freely; no written choices to choose from; freely; no written choices to choose from; presented with ambiguous stimuli or sentence presented with ambiguous stimuli or sentence fragments…ex. “When I see myself in the mirror, fragments…ex. “When I see myself in the mirror, I…”I…”

(+) flexible, relaxed atmosphere(+) flexible, relaxed atmosphere

(1) Rorschach Inkblot Test: 10 cards (1) Rorschach Inkblot Test: 10 cards with inkblot designs (5 black and gray; 2 with inkblot designs (5 black and gray; 2 with red; 3 mixture of colors)with red; 3 mixture of colors)

show inkblot and person says what they show inkblot and person says what they see; no right or wrong answerssee; no right or wrong answers

Types of Projective Tests cont.

(2) TAT…Thematic Apperception Test(2) TAT…Thematic Apperception Test Developed by H.A. MurrayDeveloped by H.A. Murray 20 figures in ambiguous situations20 figures in ambiguous situations p. 469p. 469 One key is to see if the subject identifies One key is to see if the subject identifies

with hero of the story or minor characterswith hero of the story or minor characters

Write a 5 sentence fictional paragraph about what is happening in this photo