Psychological Aspects Psychological Aspects

ofof

Lord of the FliesLord of the Flies

Sigmund Freud’s Basic Elements of Personality

ID

EGO

SUPEREGO

ID

• Dominated by the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

• Demands immediate gratification of desires regardless of undesirable effects

• Equated with the unconscious

• (“Id”)

EGO

• Dominated by the REALITY PRINCIPLE

• Evolves from id

• Suppresses inappropriate desires

• (“Ego”)

SUPEREGO• Dominated by morality, spirituality,

ethical principle

• Serves as the censor on the ego’s functions

• Comprises the ideals derived from the values of family and society

• The source of guilt and fear of punishment

• (“Superego”)

Lawrence Kohlberg’sLevels and Stages of Moral

Development

• Preconventional Morality

• Conventional Morality

• Postconventional Morality

• (“Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages”)

Preconventional MoralityMoral value resides in a person’s own needs and wants

• Stage 1– Obedience and Punishment Orientation– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to

avoid punishment

• Stage 2– Instrumental-Relativist Orientation– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to

satisfy own desires (“Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages”)

Conventional MoralityMoral values reside in performing good or right roles, in maintaining the convention order, and in pleasing others

• Stage 3– “Good Boy/Girl” Orientation– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to

avoid rejection or disapproval from others

• Stage 4– Law and Order Orientation– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to

not be criticized by a true authority figure (“Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages”)

Postconventional MoralityMoral values reside in principles.

• Stage 5– Legalistic Orientation– Moral judgment is motivated by community

respect for all, respecting social order, and living under legally determined law

• Stage 6– Universal, Ethical Orientation– Moral judgment is motivated by one’s own

conscience (“Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages”)

Jack/Roger

Simon

Ralph

Piggy

Works Cited“Ego,” Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000

http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

“Id,” Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

“Superego,” Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

“Lawrence Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages of Moral Development.” Pepperdine University. 28 September 2000 <http://gsep.pepperdine.edu/gsep/class/ethics/kohlberg/Stages_Moral-Development.html>.