PSYCHOTHERAPY

BY NACHII

TREATMENT OR THERAPY

• There are different forms of therapy employed to treat different kinds of mental illnesses. One is the medical therapy which uses laboratory or psychosurgery like lobotomy, insulin, shock therapy, and drugs. The other one is psychotherapy.

PSYCHOTHERAPY• Psychotherapy is any procedure designed to alleviate behavior

disorders (mental illness, adjustments problems) by psychological means. It involves social interaction between a therapist and client aimed at changing the client’s behavior.

• Insight therapy – focuses on the individual as a whole; aim is to help the person gain insight into his or her problems in life.

• Specific Therapy – much more concerned with specific symptoms. These therapies does not delve deeply into person’s personality or seek insights. Rather, they attempt to change specific problematic behaviors or beliefs

PSYCHOANALYSIS• A method of treatment by psychological means that was developed by Sigmund

Freud.

• His emphasis on unconscious motivation behavior influenced by motives not awareness is one of Freud’s concept which is generally accepted by psychology today.

• Freud believed that our personalities are shaped by events in early childhood.

• To treat this anxiety disorders, Freud’s technique which is psychoanalysis was developed. Accdg. to Freud, people can be helped only when they recognize and deal with their repressed feelings.

• The aim of the therapy is to help people identify these “hidden emotions” , and bring them to open.

FREE ASSOCIATION

• Free association is a method that involves having clients talk about whatever thoughts come into their mind without worrying about how much sense it makes or it structures.

DREAM INTERPRETATION

• This is the second method to uncover repressed feelings.

• Therapists must look beyond the expressed content (manifest content) to determine the true meaning (latent content) of the dream.

HUMANISTIC THERAPY

• This method emphasizes on self-acceptance.

• Humanistic (existential) psychology sees man as having purpose, values, options, and the right and capacity for self-determination, rather than being a helpless victim of his unconsciousness and environmental enforcement.

• Originally, it was known as “nondirective counseling” but in later development the name was changed to “client-centered therapy”. It was intended to emphasize the active role of the therapist in attending to what the client was saying or feeling.

GESTALT THERAPY

• Gestalt therapy emphasizes self-awareness. It borrows ideas from both psychoanalytic and humanistic theories.

• Fritz Perls (1970), explains that our actions are often influenced by emotions and thoughts of which we are unaware. These unconscious forces may lead us to have unsatisfying social interactions.

• Gestalt therapy proposes that in order to improve our adjustments, we must become more aware of ourselves.

COGNITIVE THERAPIES• Cognitive therapists believe that behavior is guided

by mental events such as attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and appraisals.

• The aim of cognitive therapy is to identify and change these faulty thoughts on the presumption that changes in thought will lead to changes in behavior and feelings.

RATIONAL EMOTIVE THERAPY (RET)

• Albert Ellis – believes that our problems are not result of how we feel; rather, he suggests that how we think and believe determines how we will adjust to our environment.

• RET is widely practiced with people who suffer from anxiety.

BEHAVIOR THERAPIES

• Behavior therapies are based on the assumption that maladaptive behavior is learned through the same process by which other behaviors are learned.

• Many behavior therapists believe that it is a waste of time to focus on internal events like emotions and attitudes.

• Therapy will be more effective if it concentrates on behavior.

MODELING THERAPY

• This theory states that we learn new behavior by watching others and modeling their behavior. Imitation plays a major role in our lives and in therapeutic settings.

• Albert Bandura and his associates have used the modeling technique to reduce a wide range of phobic behaviors, such as fear of dogs and snakes. (Rosenthal and Bandura, 1978)

GROUP THERAPY

• Emphasizes communication and relationships.

• Group therapy is a form of treatment in which carefully selected emotionally ill persons are placed into a group, guided by a trained therapist, for the purpose of helping one another effect personality change.

ROLE OF THE THERAPIST• His role is primarily a facilitative one, because,

ideally, group members themselves are the primary source of cure and change.

• The therapist must exercise great skills and delicacy in helping the group function productively without allowing himself to control the interactions.

SELECTION OF PATIENTS• Careful selection of patients and careful group organizations are

essential clinical responsibilities when the group concept is used as the psychotherapeutic vehicle for change in personality functioning.

• Dynamic Factors – means the psychological aspect or conduct of an interpersonal relationship of the patients.

• Diagnostic Factors – means the diagnosis of the patient’s disorder is important in order to determine the best therapeutic approach.

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To be successful, you need to face your

hardest opponent…yourself.- Dillon Boucher -

Thanks for listening!

- Nachii -