Describe how the physiological approach explains sleep amp dreams (4)

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Describe how the physiological approach explains neural plasticity(4)

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Describe how the physiological approach explains lateralisation of brain function (4)

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

This approach assumes that-

Our behaviour amp experience is determined by our biology ndash

Our behaviour is largely controlled by the brain or the nervous system ndash perhaps

through hormones or neuro-transmitters ndash

That people are biological machines hellip

That heredity is important for understanding behaviour ndash we have 100 of our parents genes

That nature is more important than nurture

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 2

There are 5 stages of sleep each one lasting around90-110 minutes

In pairs take turns

to summarise a

dream you have

had hellip

Can you think what makes you have this

dream

Why do you think you dream

Do unusual

things happen in

your dreams

1

2

3

4

5

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 3

Why do we dream Different theories have suggested that hellip

Re-organisation of mental structures

Activation synthesis

Royal road to unconscious

Dement amp Kleitman had 3 hypotheses

Hypothesis

1

Hypothesis

2

Hypothesis

3

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 4

This was a lab experiment and the following equipment was used

Draw a line to correct part of diagram to show where electrodes were attached in order for experimenters to

monitor activity of muscle eye movement and brain activity

9 males + 2 females

No coffee or alcohol

From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep what does an electroencephalogram (EEG) record (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline one problem with using an EEG to investigate dreaming (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Participants

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Electroculogram (EOG)

Electromyogram (EMG)

5 61

Describe the procedure in Dement amp Kleitman using the picture clues to help

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 3

Why do we dream Different theories have suggested that hellip

Re-organisation of mental structures

Activation synthesis

Royal road to unconscious

Dement amp Kleitman had 3 hypotheses

Hypothesis

1

Hypothesis

2

Hypothesis

3

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 4

This was a lab experiment and the following equipment was used

Draw a line to correct part of diagram to show where electrodes were attached in order for experimenters to

monitor activity of muscle eye movement and brain activity

9 males + 2 females

No coffee or alcohol

From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep what does an electroencephalogram (EEG) record (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline one problem with using an EEG to investigate dreaming (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Participants

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Electroculogram (EOG)

Electromyogram (EMG)

5 61

Describe the procedure in Dement amp Kleitman using the picture clues to help

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 4

This was a lab experiment and the following equipment was used

Draw a line to correct part of diagram to show where electrodes were attached in order for experimenters to

monitor activity of muscle eye movement and brain activity

9 males + 2 females

No coffee or alcohol

From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep what does an electroencephalogram (EEG) record (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline one problem with using an EEG to investigate dreaming (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Participants

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Electroculogram (EOG)

Electromyogram (EMG)

5 61

Describe the procedure in Dement amp Kleitman using the picture clues to help

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 5

Dement amp Kleitman had 3 hypotheses

Finding Conclusion

Hypothesis

1

Hypothesis

2

Hypothesis

3

Evaluation of Dement amp Kleitman Point ndash Example - Comment

Strengths Weaknesses

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 6

Test your Understanding of Dement amp Kleitman Multiple Choice

1 Which method was used by Dement and Kleitman

a laboratory experiment

b field experiment

c natural experiment

d quasi experiment

2 What was the design used by Dement and Kleitman

a independent measures design

b matched pairs design

c repeated measures design

d single-subject design

3 How did Dement and Kleitman ensure no researcher contact for dream recall

a spoke into tape recorder

b locked researcher in their room

c woke participants by bell

d had fully automated laboratory

4 Which substances were participants not allowed to have on the day of test

a sugar and caffeine

b alcohol and chocolate

c prescription drugs and caffeine

d caffeine and alcohol

5 Which was not a hypothesis

a Participants in REM sleep are more likely to recall dreams

b Participants will dream better without caffeine

c Participants woken after 5 or 15 minutes will be able to estimate dream length

d Eye movements will link to content of recalled dream

6 Which was one of the independent variables

a whether woken in REM or non-REM sleep

b whether male or female

c whether asleep or awake

d whether in lab or at home

7 Which one was a dependent variable

a estimate of length of dreaming

b whether brain wave patterns changed

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 7

c whether the participant woke up or not

d how long the participant slept for

8 How many participants

a 11 adults

b 9 adults

c 5 males

d 3 females

9 What was measured by machine in sleep lab

a muscle paralysis

b eye movement

c brain waves

d dreaming

10 Which had most dream recall

a awakenings in REM sleep

b awakenings within 8 minutes of end of REM sleep

c awakenings in non-REM sleep

d awakenings within 8 minutes of start of REM sleep

11 When were patients woken to see if dream content linked to eye movements

a 8 minutes after REM sleep finished

b after at least 1 minute of eye movement pattern

c after 5 minutes of eye movement pattern

d after 15 minutes of eye movement pattern

12 Which dream was recalled after mainly vertical eye movements

a no dreams recalled

b two people throwing tomatoes at each other

c talking to people

d standing at bottom of tall cliff looking up at climbers

13 Which dream was recalled after no eye movement

a climbing ladders

b fighting

c driving car

d throwing netballs

14 What did Dement and Kleitman conclude

a Dreams occur spontaneously on waking

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 8

b It is most likely that REM sleep is the only time we dream

c There is no link between REM sleep and dreaming

d Brain wave patterns dictate dream content

15 What was the conclusion about dreams recalled in non-REM sleep

a The EEG was faulty

b People do dream in non-REM sleep

c Awakenings were within 8 minutes of REM sleep therefore memory of REM dream

d Dreaming and REM sleep are not linked at all

16 How many participants did Dement and Kleitman study in detail

a 5

b 9

c 4

d 7

17 Which of these was not an independent variable

a the type of sleep REM or non-REM

b the time asleep 5 or 15 minutes

c the pattern of eye movement

d the dream content

18 Which eye movement pattern gave a dream recall of two people throwing tomatoes

a mainly vertical

b mainly horizontal

c no eye movement

d random eye movements

19 Which length of REM sleep were participants most accurate in assessing

a 15 minutes

b 5 minutes

c 10 minutes

d All the same

20 What does an EMG measure

a brain waves

b eye movement

c muscle movement

d galvanic skin response

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 9

Core Studies Section A- Short Answer Questions

Identify one of the aims of the study by Dement amp Kleitman [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two measures that the researchers made while their subjects were sleeping [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline the sample used in the study [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain one problem with this sample [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Intitials From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep give four characteristics of REM sleep [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In the study on sleep and dreaming by Dement and Kleitman it is suggested that Rapid Eye Movements (REM) only occur during dreaming Give one piece of evidence which supports this suggestion and one piece of evidence that challenges it [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dement and Kleitman point out that dream recall from NREM was higher if the awakening occurred within eight minutes of the end of REM than if the awaking occurred later How did they explain this difference [2 Marks] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline another possible explanation for this difference [2marks )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 10

Complete the following table on the METHODS used by physiological psychologists

Technique Strengths Weaknesses

Can you complete the maze

How did you do it What

skills do you think you had to

use

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 11

1 Where is the hippocampus located Label the diagram Amygdala Temporal Lobe Hippocampus

What is each of these responsible for

2 How many hippocampi do humans and mammals have What is the connection with sea horses

3 What two functions is the hippocampus responsible for

4 What happens if the hippocampus is damaged

5 Give two examples of how we know that the hippocampus plays a part in navigation

6 What do you understand by the term bdquoneural plasticity‟

7 What is cognitive mapping

Make a connection between sea

horses and the hippocampi

What is the hippocampus Where is it in the brain What does the hippocampus do

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 6

Test your Understanding of Dement amp Kleitman Multiple Choice

1 Which method was used by Dement and Kleitman

a laboratory experiment

b field experiment

c natural experiment

d quasi experiment

2 What was the design used by Dement and Kleitman

a independent measures design

b matched pairs design

c repeated measures design

d single-subject design

3 How did Dement and Kleitman ensure no researcher contact for dream recall

a spoke into tape recorder

b locked researcher in their room

c woke participants by bell

d had fully automated laboratory

4 Which substances were participants not allowed to have on the day of test

a sugar and caffeine

b alcohol and chocolate

c prescription drugs and caffeine

d caffeine and alcohol

5 Which was not a hypothesis

a Participants in REM sleep are more likely to recall dreams

b Participants will dream better without caffeine

c Participants woken after 5 or 15 minutes will be able to estimate dream length

d Eye movements will link to content of recalled dream

6 Which was one of the independent variables

a whether woken in REM or non-REM sleep

b whether male or female

c whether asleep or awake

d whether in lab or at home

7 Which one was a dependent variable

a estimate of length of dreaming

b whether brain wave patterns changed

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 7

c whether the participant woke up or not

d how long the participant slept for

8 How many participants

a 11 adults

b 9 adults

c 5 males

d 3 females

9 What was measured by machine in sleep lab

a muscle paralysis

b eye movement

c brain waves

d dreaming

10 Which had most dream recall

a awakenings in REM sleep

b awakenings within 8 minutes of end of REM sleep

c awakenings in non-REM sleep

d awakenings within 8 minutes of start of REM sleep

11 When were patients woken to see if dream content linked to eye movements

a 8 minutes after REM sleep finished

b after at least 1 minute of eye movement pattern

c after 5 minutes of eye movement pattern

d after 15 minutes of eye movement pattern

12 Which dream was recalled after mainly vertical eye movements

a no dreams recalled

b two people throwing tomatoes at each other

c talking to people

d standing at bottom of tall cliff looking up at climbers

13 Which dream was recalled after no eye movement

a climbing ladders

b fighting

c driving car

d throwing netballs

14 What did Dement and Kleitman conclude

a Dreams occur spontaneously on waking

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 8

b It is most likely that REM sleep is the only time we dream

c There is no link between REM sleep and dreaming

d Brain wave patterns dictate dream content

15 What was the conclusion about dreams recalled in non-REM sleep

a The EEG was faulty

b People do dream in non-REM sleep

c Awakenings were within 8 minutes of REM sleep therefore memory of REM dream

d Dreaming and REM sleep are not linked at all

16 How many participants did Dement and Kleitman study in detail

a 5

b 9

c 4

d 7

17 Which of these was not an independent variable

a the type of sleep REM or non-REM

b the time asleep 5 or 15 minutes

c the pattern of eye movement

d the dream content

18 Which eye movement pattern gave a dream recall of two people throwing tomatoes

a mainly vertical

b mainly horizontal

c no eye movement

d random eye movements

19 Which length of REM sleep were participants most accurate in assessing

a 15 minutes

b 5 minutes

c 10 minutes

d All the same

20 What does an EMG measure

a brain waves

b eye movement

c muscle movement

d galvanic skin response

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 9

Core Studies Section A- Short Answer Questions

Identify one of the aims of the study by Dement amp Kleitman [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two measures that the researchers made while their subjects were sleeping [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline the sample used in the study [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain one problem with this sample [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Intitials From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep give four characteristics of REM sleep [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In the study on sleep and dreaming by Dement and Kleitman it is suggested that Rapid Eye Movements (REM) only occur during dreaming Give one piece of evidence which supports this suggestion and one piece of evidence that challenges it [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dement and Kleitman point out that dream recall from NREM was higher if the awakening occurred within eight minutes of the end of REM than if the awaking occurred later How did they explain this difference [2 Marks] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline another possible explanation for this difference [2marks )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 10

Complete the following table on the METHODS used by physiological psychologists

Technique Strengths Weaknesses

Can you complete the maze

How did you do it What

skills do you think you had to

use

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 11

1 Where is the hippocampus located Label the diagram Amygdala Temporal Lobe Hippocampus

What is each of these responsible for

2 How many hippocampi do humans and mammals have What is the connection with sea horses

3 What two functions is the hippocampus responsible for

4 What happens if the hippocampus is damaged

5 Give two examples of how we know that the hippocampus plays a part in navigation

6 What do you understand by the term bdquoneural plasticity‟

7 What is cognitive mapping

Make a connection between sea

horses and the hippocampi

What is the hippocampus Where is it in the brain What does the hippocampus do

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 7

c whether the participant woke up or not

d how long the participant slept for

8 How many participants

a 11 adults

b 9 adults

c 5 males

d 3 females

9 What was measured by machine in sleep lab

a muscle paralysis

b eye movement

c brain waves

d dreaming

10 Which had most dream recall

a awakenings in REM sleep

b awakenings within 8 minutes of end of REM sleep

c awakenings in non-REM sleep

d awakenings within 8 minutes of start of REM sleep

11 When were patients woken to see if dream content linked to eye movements

a 8 minutes after REM sleep finished

b after at least 1 minute of eye movement pattern

c after 5 minutes of eye movement pattern

d after 15 minutes of eye movement pattern

12 Which dream was recalled after mainly vertical eye movements

a no dreams recalled

b two people throwing tomatoes at each other

c talking to people

d standing at bottom of tall cliff looking up at climbers

13 Which dream was recalled after no eye movement

a climbing ladders

b fighting

c driving car

d throwing netballs

14 What did Dement and Kleitman conclude

a Dreams occur spontaneously on waking

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 8

b It is most likely that REM sleep is the only time we dream

c There is no link between REM sleep and dreaming

d Brain wave patterns dictate dream content

15 What was the conclusion about dreams recalled in non-REM sleep

a The EEG was faulty

b People do dream in non-REM sleep

c Awakenings were within 8 minutes of REM sleep therefore memory of REM dream

d Dreaming and REM sleep are not linked at all

16 How many participants did Dement and Kleitman study in detail

a 5

b 9

c 4

d 7

17 Which of these was not an independent variable

a the type of sleep REM or non-REM

b the time asleep 5 or 15 minutes

c the pattern of eye movement

d the dream content

18 Which eye movement pattern gave a dream recall of two people throwing tomatoes

a mainly vertical

b mainly horizontal

c no eye movement

d random eye movements

19 Which length of REM sleep were participants most accurate in assessing

a 15 minutes

b 5 minutes

c 10 minutes

d All the same

20 What does an EMG measure

a brain waves

b eye movement

c muscle movement

d galvanic skin response

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 9

Core Studies Section A- Short Answer Questions

Identify one of the aims of the study by Dement amp Kleitman [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two measures that the researchers made while their subjects were sleeping [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline the sample used in the study [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain one problem with this sample [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Intitials From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep give four characteristics of REM sleep [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In the study on sleep and dreaming by Dement and Kleitman it is suggested that Rapid Eye Movements (REM) only occur during dreaming Give one piece of evidence which supports this suggestion and one piece of evidence that challenges it [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dement and Kleitman point out that dream recall from NREM was higher if the awakening occurred within eight minutes of the end of REM than if the awaking occurred later How did they explain this difference [2 Marks] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline another possible explanation for this difference [2marks )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 10

Complete the following table on the METHODS used by physiological psychologists

Technique Strengths Weaknesses

Can you complete the maze

How did you do it What

skills do you think you had to

use

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 11

1 Where is the hippocampus located Label the diagram Amygdala Temporal Lobe Hippocampus

What is each of these responsible for

2 How many hippocampi do humans and mammals have What is the connection with sea horses

3 What two functions is the hippocampus responsible for

4 What happens if the hippocampus is damaged

5 Give two examples of how we know that the hippocampus plays a part in navigation

6 What do you understand by the term bdquoneural plasticity‟

7 What is cognitive mapping

Make a connection between sea

horses and the hippocampi

What is the hippocampus Where is it in the brain What does the hippocampus do

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 8

b It is most likely that REM sleep is the only time we dream

c There is no link between REM sleep and dreaming

d Brain wave patterns dictate dream content

15 What was the conclusion about dreams recalled in non-REM sleep

a The EEG was faulty

b People do dream in non-REM sleep

c Awakenings were within 8 minutes of REM sleep therefore memory of REM dream

d Dreaming and REM sleep are not linked at all

16 How many participants did Dement and Kleitman study in detail

a 5

b 9

c 4

d 7

17 Which of these was not an independent variable

a the type of sleep REM or non-REM

b the time asleep 5 or 15 minutes

c the pattern of eye movement

d the dream content

18 Which eye movement pattern gave a dream recall of two people throwing tomatoes

a mainly vertical

b mainly horizontal

c no eye movement

d random eye movements

19 Which length of REM sleep were participants most accurate in assessing

a 15 minutes

b 5 minutes

c 10 minutes

d All the same

20 What does an EMG measure

a brain waves

b eye movement

c muscle movement

d galvanic skin response

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 9

Core Studies Section A- Short Answer Questions

Identify one of the aims of the study by Dement amp Kleitman [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two measures that the researchers made while their subjects were sleeping [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline the sample used in the study [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain one problem with this sample [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Intitials From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep give four characteristics of REM sleep [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In the study on sleep and dreaming by Dement and Kleitman it is suggested that Rapid Eye Movements (REM) only occur during dreaming Give one piece of evidence which supports this suggestion and one piece of evidence that challenges it [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dement and Kleitman point out that dream recall from NREM was higher if the awakening occurred within eight minutes of the end of REM than if the awaking occurred later How did they explain this difference [2 Marks] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline another possible explanation for this difference [2marks )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 10

Complete the following table on the METHODS used by physiological psychologists

Technique Strengths Weaknesses

Can you complete the maze

How did you do it What

skills do you think you had to

use

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 11

1 Where is the hippocampus located Label the diagram Amygdala Temporal Lobe Hippocampus

What is each of these responsible for

2 How many hippocampi do humans and mammals have What is the connection with sea horses

3 What two functions is the hippocampus responsible for

4 What happens if the hippocampus is damaged

5 Give two examples of how we know that the hippocampus plays a part in navigation

6 What do you understand by the term bdquoneural plasticity‟

7 What is cognitive mapping

Make a connection between sea

horses and the hippocampi

What is the hippocampus Where is it in the brain What does the hippocampus do

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 9

Core Studies Section A- Short Answer Questions

Identify one of the aims of the study by Dement amp Kleitman [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two measures that the researchers made while their subjects were sleeping [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline the sample used in the study [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain one problem with this sample [2 Marks] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Intitials From the study by Dement amp Kleitman on sleep give four characteristics of REM sleep [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In the study on sleep and dreaming by Dement and Kleitman it is suggested that Rapid Eye Movements (REM) only occur during dreaming Give one piece of evidence which supports this suggestion and one piece of evidence that challenges it [4 Marks] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dement and Kleitman point out that dream recall from NREM was higher if the awakening occurred within eight minutes of the end of REM than if the awaking occurred later How did they explain this difference [2 Marks] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline another possible explanation for this difference [2marks )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 10

Complete the following table on the METHODS used by physiological psychologists

Technique Strengths Weaknesses

Can you complete the maze

How did you do it What

skills do you think you had to

use

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 11

1 Where is the hippocampus located Label the diagram Amygdala Temporal Lobe Hippocampus

What is each of these responsible for

2 How many hippocampi do humans and mammals have What is the connection with sea horses

3 What two functions is the hippocampus responsible for

4 What happens if the hippocampus is damaged

5 Give two examples of how we know that the hippocampus plays a part in navigation

6 What do you understand by the term bdquoneural plasticity‟

7 What is cognitive mapping

Make a connection between sea

horses and the hippocampi

What is the hippocampus Where is it in the brain What does the hippocampus do

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 10

Complete the following table on the METHODS used by physiological psychologists

Technique Strengths Weaknesses

Can you complete the maze

How did you do it What

skills do you think you had to

use

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 11

1 Where is the hippocampus located Label the diagram Amygdala Temporal Lobe Hippocampus

What is each of these responsible for

2 How many hippocampi do humans and mammals have What is the connection with sea horses

3 What two functions is the hippocampus responsible for

4 What happens if the hippocampus is damaged

5 Give two examples of how we know that the hippocampus plays a part in navigation

6 What do you understand by the term bdquoneural plasticity‟

7 What is cognitive mapping

Make a connection between sea

horses and the hippocampi

What is the hippocampus Where is it in the brain What does the hippocampus do

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 11

1 Where is the hippocampus located Label the diagram Amygdala Temporal Lobe Hippocampus

What is each of these responsible for

2 How many hippocampi do humans and mammals have What is the connection with sea horses

3 What two functions is the hippocampus responsible for

4 What happens if the hippocampus is damaged

5 Give two examples of how we know that the hippocampus plays a part in navigation

6 What do you understand by the term bdquoneural plasticity‟

7 What is cognitive mapping

Make a connection between sea

horses and the hippocampi

What is the hippocampus Where is it in the brain What does the hippocampus do

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 12

Aim of Maguirersquos Study

Maguirersquos Participants

Maguirersquos Method and Design

Maguirersquos Conditions

Maguirersquos Independent variablesdependent variables

Maguirersquos Procedure

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 13

Maguirersquos Controls

Maguirersquos Results

Maguirersquos Conclusions

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 14

Evaluating Maguirersquos Study

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the Method Natural experiment + Correlation hellip

Is the sample representative Why Why not

Strengths amp Weaknesses of the data Quantitative

Do you think Maguirersquos study is useful If so why If not why not

Nature or nurture Which side does the study come down explain your reasons

Suggest 2 changes you could make to this study and

outline any methodological implications these changes might

have (8 marks)

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 15

Human elephant dolphin gorilla dog cat macaque mouse

Match the brains to the animals hellip

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do

What is a commisurotomy

What would happen if the corpus callosum is severed

(damaged)

Left hand Right hand

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from LEFT half

of body

The _______ side of the brain

processes info from RIGHT

half of body

Lateralization of function of the right and left hemispheres

C

O

N

T

A

L

A

T

E

R

A

L

Diagram 2

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 16

Number skills Art awareness Imagination written language

Right hand control Music Insight Reasoning

Left hand control spoken language 3-D forms

1 Label the apparatus diagram with as much detail as possible to represent the procedure and techniques used by Sperry Use the procedure on pg 86

LEFT

RIGHT

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 17

2 Findings from Visual Tests 2 Findings from Tactile (Touch) Tests

CONCLUSION

Sperry suggested that it may be less confusing if one thinks of split brain patients as two rather than one individual

Clearly one hemisphere does not know what the other hemisphere is doing

It is like two separate and rather uncoordinated individuals though patients could learn coping strategies in everyday life

What the study tells us

In right handed people the left hemisphere is dominant

Language is resident in the dominant side

Both sides have their own memories

Both sides can experience emotions

The non-dominant side can perform simple mathematics

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 18

Sperry Short Answer Questions

1 From the study by Sperry on split brains

(a) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates the language limitations of the right hemisphere of the

brain [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give one piece of evidence that illustrates that this same hemisphere is not completely ldquoword

blindrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) In the study by Sperry what is meant by the term ldquosplit brainrdquo [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain one problem with making generalisations about normal brain activity from a study if people

with split brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 (a) What technique did Sperry use to present information to only one side of the brain (2)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why does this technique not present a problem to people with ldquonormalrdquo brains [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 From the paper by Sperry on split brain patients outline the evidence which indicates that

language is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 19

5 In the paper by Sperry on split brain patients he writes ldquothe second hemisphere does not know what

the first hemisphere has been doingrdquo

(a) Give one piece of evidence to support this statement [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain why this problem does not matter in the everyday activity of the patients in this study [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) In the study by Sperry why did the patients have their brains cut in two [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) How were they able to adapt in most everyday situations [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 (a) From the study by Sperry outline the major function of the corpus collosum [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Sperry suggested that we effectively have two minds Outline one piece of evidence from the study

that shows this [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 20

Choose one of the studies listed below and answer the following questions-

Maguire

Dement amp Kleitman

Sperry

1 What was the aim of your chosen study (2 marks)

2 Describe the method used in your chosen study and give one advantage of

using this method (3+3 marks)

3 Describe two ethical issues raised by your chosen study (3+3 marks)

4 With reference to your chosen study explain one reason why the

researcher(s) needed to break ethical guidelines and one reason why they

should not have done so (3+3 marks)

5 Suggest another way the data could have been collected in your chosen

study (8 marks)

6 Outline the implications of the changes you have suggested (8 marks)

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

Ch hellip chhellipchhellip changes hellip

You could be asked to make changes or improvements to the studies and to say what effect these changes might have on the result Try to complete the following table about the 3 studies in the social approach

Study What change would you make What would be the effect of the change

DEMENT amp KLEITMAN

MAGUIRE

SPERRY

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

In the Core Studies exam you could be asked a question on the Physiological

Approach in Psychology The question could look something like this-

a) Outline one assumption of the physiological approach in psychology (2)

b) Describe how the physiological approach could explain dreams (4)

c) Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological

studies (6)

d) Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any

examples from physiological approach studies (12)

Task (b) What behaviours does the physiological approach explain

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Dement amp Kleitman

Lab experiment

Looking at link between REM sleep amp dreams

First researchers to study this objectively

Sperry

Quasi or natural experiment

Investigating split brain patients after treatment for epilepsy

Groundbreaking information about localisation and lateralisation of brain function

Maguire

Lab experiment

Investigating neural plasticity in tax drivers

Differences in structure of hippocampus as a result of lsquothe knowledge

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 23

Task (c) Similarities amp Differences

Similarities Maguire Dement amp Kleitman Sperry

Maguire

Similarities Similarities

Dement amp Kleitman

Differences Similarities

Sperry

Differences Differences

Describe one similarity and one difference between any two physiological studies (6)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework

AS Psychology ndash Physiological Approach February 2010

Libby Hutt Page 24

Task (d) ndash Strengths amp Weaknesses of Physiological Approach hellip

Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the physiological approach using any examples from

physiological approach studies (12)

Point Example Comment

Paragraph 1 One strength is hellip

Paragraph 2 Another strength is hellip

Paragraph 3 One weakness is hellip

Paragraph 4 Another weakness is hellip

Strengths

1) Very scientific (all lab experiments) shows psychology as a hard science

2) Has practical implications 3) High degree of control using precise

measuring equipment 4) Fascinating insights into behaviour

offered 5) Contributes to our understanding of the

nature nurture debate

Weaknesses

1) Highly reductionist ndash human behaviour often more complex than these studies suggest

2) Ethics ndash labelling 3) Deterministic ndash individual not seen as

responsible for their own actions 4) Samples small ndash not representative 5) Lacks ecological validity 6) Brain imaging techniques rely ion new

technology which needs specialists

Try answering this question for homework