PSYCHE. NOTES ON LARVAE.--I. · NOTES ON BO.MBYCID LARVAE.--I. BY" HARRISON G. DYAR NEW YORK N’. Y. NOLAOVILLA Grote. 1875. Grote, Can. ent., 7,221. 1884. Packard, Amer. nat.,

110 .PSYCHE. [July 891.

NOTES ON BO.MBYCID LARVAE.--I.

BY" HARRISON G. DYAR NEW YORK N’. Y.

NOLA OVILLA Grote.

1875. Grote, Can. ent., 7,221.1884. Packard, Amer. nat., 18, 726.Larva. Dr. Packard makes the following

statements: It differs from Arctian andLithosian larvae in having one less pair ofabdominal legs. The body is broad andmuch flattened, rather short, with four pairsof well developed abdominal feet; the firstpair being situated on the fourth abdominalsegment. The body is hairy, though notdensely so; on each segment are four dorsaltubercles, from which radiate short duskyhairs; on the side is a larger and longertubercle from which arise lateral, verylong hairs. Length 13 ram."

Cocoon. "Boat-shaped, flattened, ovalcylindrical, closely attached to the surfaceof a leaf. It is composed of silk, coveredclosely on the inside with bits of oak leaves."

NOLA TRINOTATA Walker.

866. Walk., Cat. Brit. mus., pt. 35, Pg.I9o2, Lebena.

1891. Butler, Insect life, v. 3, P. 297,sexmaculala Grote.

I877. Grote, Can. ent., v. 9, P" 235.2Vola.

189o. Dyar, Insect life, v. 3, P. 6I.Larva. have elsewhere described this

larva. It is a thick, sonewhat flattened in-sect, the last segment small, the abdominalfeet consisting of but four pairs, as in thepreceding. It is furnished with piliferouswart as above. It lives exposed upon thesurface of the leaves, forming no web.

Cocoon. Curiously constructed of littlepieces of bark laid together like bricks. It isinteresting to watcl the larva forming itscocoon, which it does by building up twoparallel walls by spinning the little pieces ofouter bark together by their edges, and sub-

sequently drawing them together from theinside. ’[’he pieces of bark are bitten off thebranch on which it forms its cocoon.

NOLA HYEMALIS Stretck.

885. Stretch, Ent. amer., 1, lO.Larva. Congeneric with the above. Body

flattened, wider than high, tapering veryslightly to the extremities; abdominal feetpresent only on the 4th, 5th, 6th and Ioth ab-dominal segments. Head small, pale testa-ceous, whitish above the mouth with brown-ish marks at the sides; ocelli black. Bodypinkish, cervical shield bisected, dark; threerows of piliferous warts on each side as inIV. semaculala. The upper two are brown-ish and bear short hairs the third row (lat-eral) is orange, and bears long, whitishhairs. On the body is an interrupted dorsaland waved subdorsal line, and brown dorsalshades connected with the lines; spiraclesblack; length of larva o ram.

Cocoon. Not strong, composed entirely ofsilk, and not firmly fastened to a support. Itis elliptical, opaque white. The pupa is with-out cremaster, light brown, and pilose.

found a number of these larvae on willownear Phoenix, Arizona, in November, 1889:NoLA SORGHIELLA Riley.

1882. Riley, Report U. S. dep. agr.,187, pl. II.Larva. This is congeneric with the pre-

ceding species, as may be seen from Prof.Riley’s figures. It is of the same generalshape, and has the characteristic four pairsof abdominal feet, but differs fl-om the otherspecies strikingly in habit, as the larvae ap-pear to live socially in a web.These four species of ZVola are the only

ones of which the larvae are known, so far asI am aware.

July PS 111

ORGYIA DEFINITA tacard.

I864 Packard, Proc. ent. soc. Phil., 3,332.

1888. Lintner, 4th rept. N. Y. state en-tom., p. 50.

I891. Thaxter, Can. ent., 23, 34.This species has six stages in larvae that

produce male moths, and seven stages forfemale moths. I have observed all but thefirst of these stages, and the life history, asfar as I have made it out, is as follows :--

/grg-. Nearly spherical, the top a littleflattened; a large, central, brownish spotwith a paler dot at the apex of the egg, sur-rounded by a concentric concolorous ring;diameter ram. The eggs are laid in masseson the cocoon of the female moth, but arenot naked as in the O. nova, nor coveredwith fi’oth as in O. leucostma, but with thehairs from the body of the moth, which arerubbed on by the female before it dies. Theeggs are gummed together, and the hair alsoadheres to them. The winter is passed inthis stage as with the allied species.tirst stage. Not observed.Second stage. Head pale whitish, width o. 7

ram. Ocelli black, mouth brown. Thewarts on the body are small, except a largepair on joint 2, which bear two or three shortplumed black hairs; a few more of thesehairs arise dorsally on joint I2. The otherwarts bear a few long white hairs. The bodyis pale whitish, the retractile warts on jointsIO and II whitish. There are traces of thetwo anterior of the four dorsal, brush-liketufts which are seen in the mature larva onjoints 5-8. Even in this early stage the char-acteristic markings of the mature larva aredeveloped, though somewhat indefinitely.

Third sla.e. Head pale yellowish, jawsblack; width ram. The warts are arrangedas in the mature larva, sm.’tll, concolorouswith the body, the large ones on joint 2 bear.ing thin pencils of plumed black hairs. A.similar pencil, mixed with shorter brownlairs, arises fl’omjoint I2. The body is palewhitish, with a yellowish subdorsal band on

the posterior segments and a stigmatal bandrunning the whole length, wider on joints5, 6, and 7. Three dorsal, deep yellow tuftson joints 5, 6, and 7 respectively. The wartsbear thin, whitish hairs; the dorsal retractileones on joints IO and II are whitish with ablackish shade around them. Length oflarva IO ram.tourt stae. Head as before, with a small

brown shade above the mouth width 1.5 ram.The body differs only in being shaded withblackish dorsally and laterally. The yellowtufts are now four in number on joints 5-8.The cervical shield is pale yellow like thehead.

tiftl stae. Width of head 2.1 mm. Be-tween the yellow dorsal tufts are a series ofvelvety black spots, concealed unless the in-sect is disturbed. The dorsum is gray,broadly so anteriorly, but partly replaced bya yellow subdorsal band on joints9-i3. Thelateral region is gray, the warts vhitish andpartly surrounded by yellow. A narrowstigmatal band. Otherwise as befbre.

Sixtl stae ( mature larva). Head paleyellow, shiny, the labrum and antennaewhite; width 2.8 ram. Body pale yellow, apale, almost colorless, dorsal band, replacedon joint 2 by the pale yellow cervical shieldcontaining two darker yellow warts, narrowand greenish on joints 3 and 4, widening andenclosing the yellow dorsal brush-like tuftson joints 5-8, narrowed on joints 9-i2 en-closing the concolorous retractile tubercles,and absent on joint 13 A. narrow subdorsaland fainter stigmatal, similarly colored lines.These bands are in some specimens more orless blackish, or black, blue-gray, or darkbrown, and there is a velvety black spot be-tween the dorsal tufts on joints 6, 7 and 8.The warts are all pale yellow; the pencils onjoint 2 are long, plumed, black; that on joint12 of light brown hair with a few long blackplumed ones on its posterior side. The otherhair is long, thin and white.The larva does not differ structurally fi’om

O. leucost@ma, but differs markedly in color.

112 /’STC/-//. [July 89x.

Seventk stage . larvae only). Headpale yellow minutely mottled with grayishspots; labrum, antennae and a spot beforethe eyes, white; ocelli and jaws black; width3.5 ram. The body is as in the previousstage, but the warts on the cervical shieldare not distinctly darker. The dorsal black-ish or pale gray shade is in triplicate onjoints 3 ancl 4. S-piracies white in a fineblack border. The body is often bright yel-low, as are the dorsal tufts, and even thehair is yellowish.

Cocoon. Double, thin, made of silk andthe hairs of the larva.

l:’uba. Cylindrical, the abdominal seg-ments tapering, the eyes, wing cases and an-tenna cases especially prominent; a littledepressed behind the thorax. Semi-trans-parent, shiny yellowish white, the back cov-ered with long, thin, silky white hairs; ere-master fiat, terminating in several brownhooks well fastened in the silk of the cocoon.Length IZ ram.; width 5 mm.

..Puiiba. Robust, thickest through the

2nd to 4th abdominal segments, elsewheresmaller, of nearly even width; thorax andhead small, no wing cases, leg cases small.Last segment rounded, cremaster flat, atherbroad at base, terminating in a number ofbrown divergent hooks. Color semitrans-parent, shiny, very pale yellovish, withoutrnarks. Over the dorsum considerable fine,rather long, whitish silky hair. Length 8ram., greatest diameter 8 mm.

Imago. Of the same structure as O.leucosligma, but not white, the color of thedown, which is especially abundant on theventral side, being light brown. A smallblack spot on the second abdominal segment.Tle rudimentary wings are dark cinereous.The ’ imago is very simi.lar to O. leucosti-ma, but can be distinguished by its darkercolor and heavier black markings.Food2lanls. Dr Thaxter gives oak, but I

have found the species as omnivorous as O.

leucost@ma. My specimens were fed mainlyon maple and witch-hazel.

THE GERM-BAND OF INSECTS.*

Those who have vatched the advance inour knowledge of insect embryology duringthe past three or four years will be deeplyinterested in Prof. Graber’s latest treatise.Like his muscid paper it represents manyyears’ study, but unlike that work it coversa very considerable ground, being a compre-hensive description of the germ-band of anumber of insects. The species investigatedbelong to the genera: Lina, Lema, Tele-phorus, Melolontha, Hydrophilus; Pieris,Gastropacha, Bombyx, Zygaena HylotomaStenobothrus, Mantis, and Gryllotalpa. Itwill be seen that this list comprises repre-

Vergleichende studien keimstreif der insecten,Veit Graber. Denkschr. d. math. naturwiss.

classed. It. akad. d. wiss. Vien. Bd. 57, x59o 6x-734. x colored plates. 4.

sentatives of four of the important orders.Prof. Graber treats of the formation andmethod of growth of the germ-band, its re-lations to the envelopes (amnion and serosa),its segmentation (both internal and external)and its appendages. Chapters are introducedon the fomnation of the germ-layers and onthe origin of the body spaces. Many pagesare given up to a minute and critical discus-sion of the results achieved by other investi-gators. The work concludes with a longchapter on the development of the nervoussystem.

In a brief sketch we cannot hope to dojustice to the mass of matter with whichProf. Graberpresents us; it will be possibleto touch on only a few of the questions withwhich he attempts to deal. Before so doing

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PSYCHE. NOTES ON LARVAE.--I. · NOTES ON BO.MBYCID LARVAE.--I. BY" HARRISON G. DYAR NEW YORK N’. Y. NOLAOVILLA Grote. 1875. Grote, Can. ent., 7,221. 1884. Packard, Amer. nat.,