PSYC 200Week #3APA In-Text Citations & References (cont’d),

Headings,

& The Main Parts of a Manuscript

Agenda Roll call Return Essay #1 Citations and References Some quick and dirty grammar Manuscript components (Part 1)

Assignments Recap Reading assignment

Gram ch 3 – 6 APA ch 7

Essay #1 Graded

Essay #1 – Common Issues Missing title at start of text (body) Wrong font in headers Extra space b/w paragraphs Lack of introduction and/or conclusion You can’t use contractions in APA

Proofing / Grading Marks Insertion: Deletion: remove this , Switch: order switch Para. Lowercase / uppercase Word choice (W.C.) Awkward / Unclear Colloquial

^ ^, _

Looking at changes / comments on electronic docs For docs turned in electronically, I will turn

on “track changes” in Word and leave comments.

Demonstration

POP QUIZ https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1U

FoVZBx5EN15AUHLmabuc_pZJROeu6OnUDIOgSJQSJ8#

https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1jbCHVuJrd17beWBVb7mV3xzfiie9WPiILybXKw8X0Tg&hl=en#

APA Style – Nice BodyIn-text citations

In-Text Citations Indicate the source(s) (authors, articles, etc.)

of a piece of information. Frequently occur in the intro of a paper. Use any time you quote, paraphrase, or

otherwise use or discuss someone else’s idea in your writing.

If you don’t cite, you plagiarize (unless common knowledge).

THE COMMON KNOWLEDGE TEST

To cite or not to cite…

To cite or not to cite? The world is round The world is 7926 miles in

diameter. Freud is the father of

modern psychology Many people struggle with

loneliness.

Taking a survey on the internet is the same as on paper.

Washington had wooden dentures

Not cite Cite (about.com) Cite (an incorrect opinion—

not fact) Not cite (unless you have a

source that backs you up) Cite

Cite source of

myth

Components of a Citation Author(s)

Last name(s) only for citations Year of publication Page number, if you are using a direct quote

If the document is not paged, give paragraph number (para. 5)

One Author First use:

Smith (1999) found that youth... ...more likely to engage in substance use (Smith, 1999).

Second and subsequent use in same paragraph: Smith also found that...... However, Smith also found... ...are at greater risk (Smith, 1999).

First in a new paragraph: Smith (1999)...

Two Authors First use:

Nation and Heflinger (2006) define ...exposed to risk factors (Nation & Hiflinger, 2006).

Subsequent use in same paragraph: Nation and Heflinger explain.... ...risk factors are compounded (Nation & Heflinger, 2006)

First use in a new paragraph: Nation and Heflinger (2006)

Three, Four, and Five Authors First use:

De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeek, and Engels (2006) ... ...related to increased delinquency (De Kemp, Scholte,

Overbeek, & Engels, 2006) Second use:

De Kemp et al. (2006)... ...association with deviant peers (De Kemp et al., 2006)

Subsequent use in same paragraph: De Kemp et al. found that.... ...in youth (De Kemp et al., 2006).

First use in a new paragraph: De Kemp et al. (2006)...

Microsoft Word Document

Six or More Authors First use:

Jones et al. (2003) examined.... ...are more likely to see a difference (Jones et al.,

2003) Subsequent use in same paragraph:

Jones et al. found ...greater understanding (Jones et al., 2006)

First use in a new paragraph: Jones et al. (2003)

Different Sources That Could Be Confused When Shortened

Jones, Jackson, Martin, Howard, and Simms (1999) Jones et al. (1999)

Jones, Madison, Howard, and Brown (1999) Jones et al. (1999)

Jones, Jackson, et al. (1999) Jones, Madison, et al. (1999)

More Than One Source ... interactions between youth and their

parents (De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeck, & Engles, 2006; Mount & Steinberg, 1995; Walker-Barnes & Mason, 2001; Walker-Barnes & Mason, 2004).

The order of authors in parenthetical citations is alphabetical (identical to the reference page).

Secondary Sources Citing a document implies that you HAVE

READ the original work (APA, 2010) Did you actually read the original reference?

Smith (1978) originally found that...is more likely (as cited in James & Andrews, 2001)

Don’t include Smith’s article on your reference page.

Quotations When quoting from a source, “if the quotation

comprises fewer than 40, incorporate it into text and enclose with double quotation marks” (APA, 2010, p. 170).

Quotes in the middle of a sentence have (p. #) directly after the quote

Quotations Quotes with 40 or more words appear as an

indented block.

The citation information follows the punctuation of the quote.

Microsoft Word Document

Other Citation Hints Articles don’t say anything—authors do.

Don’t say, The article found that… Do say, Jones (2010) found

Don’t overload your reader with citations. You should only be presenting ideas that are relevant to your topic.

Practice…

Practice 1 Authors:

Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins

Year: 1998 Situation: 1st parenthetical citation in paper

(Gosling, John, Craik, & Robins, 1998)

Practice 1a Authors:

Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins

Year: 1998 Situation: 1st parenthetical citation in new

paragraph (already cited in paper)

(Gosling et al., 1998)

Practice 1b Authors:

Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins

Year: 1998 Situation: 2nd citation in paragraph, in-text

Gosling et al. found…

Practice 2 Authors:

Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John

Year: 1998 Situation: 2nd citation in paragraph, in-text

Gosling and John found…

FORMATTING REFERENCE ENTRIES

Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate,

Reference Page Format Rules Put the word References centered at top of new

page Start references next Each new reference is a new, hanging indent

paragraph. Place references in alphabetical order Each citation must have reference and vice versa

This is an example of a hanging indent paragraph. In Word, go to Paragraph, Special Indent, and select Hanging.

Components of a Reference Author’s or authors’ name(s) Year of publication Article or Chapter Title Journal or Book Title Volume Number Issue Number Location of Publication

City, State or City, Country outside of US DOI or web address or database name

Publisher Information

Journal Article Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the journal article. Title of The Journal, xx(#), pp-pp. If retrieved electronically

doi:xxx.xxxxx.xx/xxxor URL of journal home pageRetrieved from http://www.journal.edu/ref/filenameor Retrieved from Name of database

Last name and initials.

In parentheses, end with pd.

Sentence caps, end in pd.

Title caps, italicized

Italicized In parentheses

Start pg., hyphen, end pg., period

Best, T. (2010). Effects of name referents on childhood experiences. Journal of Adlerian Psychopathology, 6(7), 22-33. doi:10.11….

Journal Article Exercise Author: Tegan Best Published in 2010 Title of article: Effects of Name Referents on

Childhood Experiences. Title of journal: Journal of Alderian Psychopathology,

volume 6, issue 7, pages 22 to 33 Identifier: 10.1177/0093854806286208

An Entire Book Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the book. City, State or Country (outside of US):

Publisher.

A Chapter in a Book Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xx-xx). City, State: Publisher.

Technical or Research Report Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of report (Report No. XXXX). City, State: Publisher

or Retrieved from Agency Site:

http://agency.gov/location/filename

Microsoft Word Document

APA HEADINGS STYLE GUIDELINES

Using Headings Headings are used to create sections Improves sense of organization Improves accessibility of information Simple transition between major parts of

paper Heading styles are codified

APA Headings (APA p. 62-63)

Centered Title Caps (b)

Left Title Caps (b)

Indented sentence caps ending w/ pd. (b)

Indented sentence caps ending w/ pd. (b,i)

Indented, sentence caps ending w/ pd. (i)

PARTS OF APA MANUSCRIPT REVISITED

The parts of an APA manuscript Title Page Abstract Body

Literature review Method Results Discussion

References Tables Figures Appendices

Review General guidelines Title page Abstract

Body Purpose:

The “meat” of your article. You want to share your experiences, knowledge, opinions with the world.

Formatting: Title centered at top of first page Double space, indent, and begin your text

Content: Discuss all necessary aspects of your topic {see next slide}

Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction

Purpose: Identify previous work in the field relating to your

topic / study Formatting:

NO heading (e.g., “Introduction”) to start May use headings to separate sections

Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction (cont’d)

Content Lit review

Cite previous scientific work related to your article Logical (usually not chronological) order

Purpose of study What are you trying to accomplish / investigate?

Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction (cont’d)

Content (cont’d) Theoretical issues

How does your article impact the field? How has previous work in the field influenced your article?

Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?

Statement of hypotheses What do you expect to find, given the previous work in the

field and your own personal twist?

Body – Literature Review Paper Introduction

Content Theoretical issues

What previous work has been done in this topic? Is there any controversy / disagreement about this topic? What are the opposing view points?

Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?

Body – Experimental / Research Paper Other Components of the Body

Method Section Results Section Discussion Section

{to be continued…}

Review and Next Steps Review Next week assignments

Single-article review (under Syllabus section of WebTycho)

Reading from both Gramlich and APA APA Scavenger Hunt **Print Copies** (will

be posted on Week 4 course content)