Psihologija totalitarizma

8/2/2019 Psihologija totalitarizma

1/14

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Vzibocozmh hdhci{h ~o~h ci~hpi{hahVzibocolikh vpovhlhdng w zcw{ì ~o~hci~hpdol pg{iahAikoDIMIJZhig~hmW J chdmw kg o`phngdh vzibocozmh hdhci{h ~o~hci~ha ol pgiiah von uinoa vzibo!co zmg vpovh lh dng$ H w~o p d hkv pikg l ouopi 6 zwlgz~iìcdoz~i i ao~iuhji ki vp iah~gc khv opwmg# {h~ia dh `phkh d hkuhid ikg v povh lhd ndg vo{iug mokia h zg mopiz~g ~o~hci~h aipgiiai$ Iahkwji w uinw vouikgzdo izmwz~uo mokg louopi nh zw uong nozhnhzdki`~o~hci~haib pgiiah wl chudoa ` icg vh phdo ind g ozo` g iii o zo`g z vhphdoindia jdh!a h# h w~o p h dh ci{iph v zib oco zmi v po eic v hph do in dg cijd oz~i i d kg {id dhj id n kg co uhdkhw npwz~uw$ W zpgnz~uh vzibocozmg vpovhlhdng hw~op w`phkh; a hdivwciphdkg iz~i!d oa # zupzgd i jid # vphd kg a o{l h# l chzid g iv zib oco zmi ph ~$D h modjw zw vodwngdi onpgngdi zhukg~i mhmo zg {hz~i~i~i on dgigckgdg vpovhlhdng#h nodgzgd kg i z~hu M h~ocijmg jpmug mokh dhuikgz~h ckwnia h iz~idw mokh ozco`hnh onzuhmol povz~uh# vh ~hmo i on ~o ~h ci ~haib pgiiah$

8$ WuonVo{dh~h kg jidkgdijh nh zuhmh uchz~ {gci z~o nw{g oz~h~i dh uchz~i$ Nh ì zgvoz~ilho ~hk jick izmopiz~huhkw zg ph{dh zpgnz~uh i ph{dg ag~ong$ Mhn kg pikgjo ~o~hci~hpdoa pg{iaw# wojgdo kg nh od# w oz~uhphdkw zuolh jickh# dg ìphzpgnz~uh i dg o`h{ipg zg dh novwz~gdoz~ i aophcdoz~ zuol voz~wvhdkh nh ì{hnp{ho i wjupz~io zuokw uchz~$W dhakgpi nh z~o uizg wjupz~i zuokw uchz~# ~o~hci~hpdi zg pg{ia mho i zuhminpwli o`cim uchz~i) mopiz~i ~hmongp i vzibocozmoa vpovhlhdnoa mho ugoahaojdia zpgnz~uoa w~kgjhkh dh ckwng$ Louopgji vzibocozmia pkgjdimoavpovhlhdnh kg hm~iudoz~ zipgdkh ideopahjikh phni z~uhphdkh vpgnizvo{ijikh{h onpgngdi dhjid vodhzhdkh# mod~poch i w~kgjhk dh hmjikg ckwni onpgngdiavpovhlhdndia vopwmhah# ideopahjikhah$, ôa vzibocozmoa ag~onoauchz~ {gci i{aikgdi~i z~huoug# upikgndoz~i i aizckgdkh zuokib vonhdimh i vpizi!ci~i ib# mocimo kg ~o aolwjg# nh odi ~olh dg voz~hdw zukgzdi# dh vomopdoz~mhmo ì zg dkiah aolco chmzg uchnh~i$ W ouoa vpicolw vomwzh~ jw nh~ivzibocozmw hdhci{w ~o~hci~hpdol pg{iah von uinoa vzibocozmg vpovhlhdngmokw izmopiz~huh zuhmh uchz~ w oz~uhpgdkw zuokib jickguh$8 Moahp# A$ ! Zomocij# M# Vzibocozmi ph~# w; P hid h v zib oco likh i v zib ikh ~pikh # wpgnio;M8hid#G$# Lchudi zhdi~g~zmi z~o{gp Pgvw cimg Bpuh~zmg# [hlpg` 8990$# z~p$ 066$

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2/14

A$ Dimij; Vzib oco zmh h dh ci{ h ~o ~h ci~h pi{ ha h O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$

0$ Vzibocozmi vpoeic vpiah~gckh vopwmgZwlgz ~i` icdoz~ vp iah~g ckh kg dhkuh{dikh vzibocozmh ozoìdh mhn kg w vi~hdkwvpovhlhdnh dgmg vopwmg$ W zmphkdkok Iidiki zuhmh kg vpovhlhdnh {hzdo!uhdh dh zwlgz~iki mokh ao{g ì~i phjiodhidh iIi hegm~iudh# ondozdo iphjio!dhidh$

[dhkwji nh kg vo{dhuhdkg ao~iuhjikg z~uhpdib iIi vo~gdjikhidib vpiah~g!Ikch vpovhlhdndg vopwmg i{diado uh{do# ~o~hci~hpdi pg{ia zg vozg`do ~pw!ni nh z~o òIkg izmopiz~i ~w jidkgdijw$ Zvoagdiao zhpdo kgnhd vpiakgp i{dhkdouikg vouikgz~i$ Ingoco{i ozuhkhjmol ph~h moki zw {gckgci z~uopi~i ugcimwZpìkw dhkvpikg zw zipici ch{ 6wlpo{gdoz~i zpvzmol dhponh# iz~ijhci zw# nhmcg#ìocozmw z~g~w jkgcomwvdol zpvzmol dhponh# {h~ia zw dhlchzhuhci ah~gpi!khcdw mopiz~ mokw ì Zpìkh iahch on vcondg Zchuodikg i Khnphdzmol aoph#{h~ia zg iz~ijhch zojikhidh mopiz~ lcgng agzikhdzmol vozihdkh zpvzmol dhpo!nh i jwuhdkh ondozdo zipgdkh vphuozchuckh$ [gcgJi voz~iji zvoagdw~g jiIkg!ug# vpovhlhdniz~i ozuhkhjmol ph~h dgwaopdo zw zipici ai~ 6dgvo`kgniuoz~ii bph`poz~i zpvzmol uokdimh$

:$ Vpovhlhdndi vo{iui "hvgci)Zuhmh uihz~# h ozoì~o ~o~hci~hpdi pg{iai izmopiz~huhkw vpovhlhdndg vo{iug{h voz~i{hdkg zuokib jiIkguh$ î zg vo{iui ondozg dh o`gjhdkg dgmg mopiz~iiIi wmchdkhdkg wlpoigdoz~i $V pi{iuh dkg d h ìocozmw mopiz~ ondozi zg dh zuh odh o`gjhdkh mokh zg ~ijw{iuo~dg zilwpdoz~i no`pg bphdg i {nphuz~ugdg dkglg)$V pi{iuh dkg dh a h~gpikhcdw mopiz~ o`gjhkg ozilwphdkg i vougjhdkg ah~gpi!khidol {iuo~dol z~hdnhpnh$V pi{iuh dkg dh zo jikhcd w mopiz~ {gci w vokgnidjiah i zmwvidhah vpo`wni~i ivougjh~i {gckw {h npwz~ugdia vpgz~i{oa$V pi{iuhdkg dh vzibocozmw mopiz~ o`gjhkg vougjhdkg ozkgjhkh uihz~i~g upi!kgndoz~i$V pi{iuhdkg dh wlpoigdoz~ i dgzilwaoz~ zwzpgjw zg Jgz~o w voci~ijmok iingocozmok vpovhlhdni$V pi{iuh dkg d h h w~o pi~g ~ iah wzvkgbh mon odib moki zg ozkgjhkw wlpo{gdi idgzilwpdi {òl zuolh dg{dhdkh$

V pi{iuh dkg d h v ov wch ao z~ nolhnh zg odnh mhn zg vpovhlhdndh vopwmhzhckg mpo{ wz~h iIi vpgmo cijh dgmg vovwchpdg ozo`g# ~{u$ {uikg{ng i{ zui!kg~h eicah# lch{`g# zvop~h i z8$V pi{iuhdkg dh zug iii ugjidw ~gagcki zg dh ckwnzmok zmcodoz~i modeopai{awmoki ckwng dhuoni# h odg chìcdg vzibocozmi vpizickhuh nh zg vodhzhkw vovw~ugjidg ckwni z mokiah {iug$V pi{iuhdkg dh hw~opi~g~ ~izmhdg pikgji ici mhmo zg koz {oug; vo{iu dh jpdodh ìkgco$76


3/14

O`dou$ {iuo~ "78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$ A$ Dimij; Vz ibo cozmh hdhc i{h ~o~hc i~ hp i{hah

Vpi{iuhdkg dh ahlikzmw zuikgz~ iii chidi aiz~iji{ha iah wzvkgbh mon odibmoki zw dgzilwpdi w zuokg zwnoug i moki ib dg {dhkw phjiodhcdo ovphunh~i$ W~pgdwjiah dgzilwpdoz~i i ugcimib vpikg~gjib ovhzdoz~i chìcdg ozo`g chmopglpgniphkw dh vpiai~iudi z~wvhdk zuol vzibocozmol i nwboudol ph{uokh dhmokga vpguchnhuh ahlikzmh zuikgz~ mokh ojgmwkg ahlijdw voaoj i jwngzdopkgzgdkg zuolh vpo cgah?

>$ Gaojiodhcdg onpgndijg vpovhlhdngVpovhlhdndh vopwmh dg vojiuh zhpdo dh phjiodhcdia ~g{hah# dglo# nh!cgmo uizg# dh iphjiodhcdia# ondozdo gaojiodhcdia gcgagd~iah ckwnzmgvzibg$Dhz kg vpui mod~hm~ zh z~uhpdozjw# zh zuikg~oa# dhkvpikg hegm~iuhd iIigaojiodhchd# h ~gm odnh phjiodhchd$ Dhzh hegm~iudh agaopikh$, mokh zhnp!{i zug gaojikg no{iuckgdg w vpozcoz~i# oòki z~uhpdoz~ z mokoa zg zwzpgjgao~hmo nh kg dhzh zcimh zuikg~h dhkvpikg zw`kgm~iudh# h ~o {dhji nodgmcg izmpiu!ckgdh {òl hegm~iudg vpojkgdg z~uhpdoz~i mokw zao nodikgci vpikg phjiodhc!dol vpozwniuhdkh$ Hegm~iudh vpozwn`h z~uhpdoz~i vpgnizvodiph ozo`w nhnodgzg i {hnp{i hegm~iudg z~huoug moki odnh onpgnwkw# h mon dg{pgcib ozo!`h jgz~o i nim~iphkw ckwnzmo vodhzhdkg# ^pg`h pgji nh i wvoph`h gaojiodhc!do {hzijgdib pikgji vpinodozi hegm~iudok vpozwnì z~uhpdoz~i$ ^hmug pikgjiiahkw zdh{hd w~kgjhk dh vpiah~gckh vopwmg ~hmo nh od onahb {hw{ag on!pgngdi z~hy vpgah vokaoudoa zhnp{hkw z~o lh iahkw zvoagdw~g gaojio!dhcdo {hzijgdg pikgji# ^hmug zw pikgji vpiakgpijg dhpon# zcoònh#vphunh i z8$Pikgji Lo~~ ai~ wdz @ol z dhah)# mokg zw dkgahjmiuokdiji dozici dh zuokiauokdia onophah# mchzijdi zw vpiakgp ahdivwciphdkh0 Kgnhd hn dhk ockib vpiakgph izmopiz~huhdkh vo{iuh dh aiz~iji{ha w voci~ijmok vpovh!lhdni kgz~ vchdzmi dhvop lchudol z~ph~glh dhjiz~ijmg vpovhlhdng K$ Log`gczh nh w vo!zckgndkia nhdiah Npwlol zukg~zmozl ph~h vonildg mcodwci aophc vozckgndkib `phdichjh,Ugcimol Pgijbh, w{ voaoj hz~pocolh$ î hz~poco{i# moki zw w ~ia nhdiah ahzoudo ,vpo!pijhci, dkgahjmia lphnhdiah i uokdijiah {h`pidw~iah {h uchz~i~w zwn idw# ìcizw idz~pwi!phdi von vpikg~dkoa zap~dg mh{dg) nh zuokia ,awz~gpikhah, ~hnh ,vpg~mh{wkw, mhmo jgzg {ì~i gwno i dhji{ha dh mphkw ivhm ì~i zvhzgd$ Vpijh 6 ,~hkdoa opw{kw,# mokw kg i{ai!zcio i chdzipho ~hmongp Log`gcz# dg zvhnh nonwzg zhzuia w noagdw aiz~ijdib jwnh# hcikg i dkg{id wzvkgb vojiuho dh zuokgupzdoa# w ì~i vph{doukgpdoa iZJgmiuhdkwdgmhmuh

,ngwz gr ahjbidh,# moki jg w vozckgndkga ~pgdw~mw zvhzi~i dhjiz~ijmw Dkgahjmw hn vo!ph{h [uodhpgui5# A$# Zojikh cdh vz ibocolikh# Zmoczmh mdkilh# [hlpg` 8929$#z~p$ 566$) W02$ volchuckw ~g mdkilg vpimh{hdh kg i ovizhdh vzibocolikh vpovhlhdng$ W zuoa jchdmw 6~o~hci~hpdia pg{iaiah von uinoa vzibocozmg vpovhlhdng mopiz~ia zg lchudia id~wijikh!pdh i vonhjiah A$ [uodhpguijh#: H egm~iud h a ga opikh kg# vpgah A$ @$ Hpdocn# [iuh wzvoagdh vouikgz~i ozkgjhkdolgaojiodhcdol) {iuo~h zuhmg ozo`g$ @wnwji nh dha kg wuikgm dh phzvochlhdkw# odh iahuh{dw wcolw w vpozwnì i id~gpvpg~hjiki zuglh omo dhz# ao{g zg {uh~i ah~pijh zuhmolizmwz~uh i nkgcouhdkh ,ah~pir oe hcc grvgpigdjg hdn hj~iod,) A$ @$ Hpdocn# Eggcidlzhdn Gao~iodz # Dg| Yopm ! Codnod# 89


4/14

A$ Dimij; Vz ib oco zmh h dh ci{ h ~o ~h ci~h pi{ ha h O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$

dhkzug~ikia pikgjiah on Bi~cgpouh ~o~hci~hpdol pg{iah# ^g pgcilio{dg i gao!jiodhcdo {hzijgdg pikgji ~pg`hcg zw wzw~mh~i lchz zhukgz~i uokdijiah moki zwjidici {conkgch i {òl ~olh {hzilwpdo ozkgjhci mpiudkw$ Ozia ~olh# oug pgci!lio{dg pikgji# {hzijgdg vo{i~iudia gaojikhah# dh zuok zw dhjid ovphunhuh!Ig Bi~cgpou pg{ia# `hpga mon odib moki dg aizcg zuokoa lchuoa$

Zcijdw ewdmjikw iah ivoci~ijmo g~img~iphdkg mokia zg vodhkjgzjg zcw{g ~o!~hci~hpdi pg{iai# ^hmo dvp$ pikgji; dgvpikh~gck dhponh iIi i{nhkijh zuokgnoaouidg dozg w zgì zdh{hd hegm~iudi dhòk moki upco chmo {haphji ph!jiodhcdo i colijmo ph{aizckhdkg mon ahzg mokh dg aizci zuokoa lchuoa$Dh ~hk zg dhjid z~uhphkw hegm~iudi z~huoui onòkdoz~i i ap{dkg vpgah odiahmokg pg{ia vpolchzi dgvpikh~gckga iIi i{nhkijoa dhponh$ Voci~ijmia g~img~i!phdkga zw zg vozg`do zcw{ici ~o~hci~hpdi pg{iai moawdiz~ijmg vpougdikgdji!kg$ Mchzijdi vpiakgp voci~ijmol g~img~iphdkh ìo kg w zoukg~zmoa moawdi!z~ijmoa pg{iaw pguocwjiodhp inghciz~ @wbhpid moki kg zuok ~gz~hagd~ {hup!zio pikgJiah; Zkg~i~g zg# npwloui# nh kg dh jpugdok {hz~hui mokw dozi~g dhvo`kgnodozdoa vw~w w moawdi{ha i mhv aokg mpui( Wìkgd kg w dojii{agnw 8

Zcijdw zwnìdw no{iuio kg i mhpnidhc Z~gvidhj moki kg w iag dhponhozwngd mho dgvpikh~gck dhponh$

Vpovhlhdndg vopwmg mokg phjwdhkw dh gaojiodhcdw moavodgd~w vpi!ah~gckh vopwmg jgz~o mopiz~g ~p hd zeg p iii v pikg do z ga oj ikh # mokia zg vo{i~i!udi z~hy voug{hd z kgndia zhnp{hkga iIi ozoòa# dhz~oki vpgdikg~i dh npwlizhnp{hk ondozdo dh npwlw ozo`w$ W ~w zupbw zg mopiz~g vovwchpdg cijdoz~ii{ zuikg~h gz~phng# zvop~ h# eicah# lch{`g mokg zw hegm~iudo `cizmg i nphlgckwniah$ Vokhuckiuhdkg ph{dib voci~ijhph w{ ~hmug ozo`g i {hkgndijmo npw{g!dkg z dkiah# jgz~o iah {h vozckgnijw nh zg vojdw ozkgjh~i vo{i~iudg gaojikgi vpgah ~ia voci~ijhpiah#

Dhvomod# ~pg`h zvoagdw~i i gaojiodhcdo phz~gpgjgdkg mokg vpovhlhd!niz~i izmopiz~huhkw mhn aophkw ozcoòni~i ckwng vpgugcimg gaojiodhcdg ~gd!{ikg dhz~hcg {òl ozkgjhkh mpiudkg {h wjidkgdh nkgch$ W ~oa zcwjhkw vpovh!lhdniz~i zg mopiz~g vziboco zmoa phj iodhci{hj ikoa mokoa dhz~okg ovphunh~izuokg ovhzdg vchdoug i {conkgch i waipi~i zhukgz~ odib moki zw ~o vpouonici wnkgco$ Mchzijdi vpiakgp {h ~o kg vo{dh~h Bi~cgpouh ~g{h 6[inouiah i dgmianpwlia dhponiah mho di{ok phzi mokw ~pg`h# z vphuoa# wmcodi~i$ ô aipgdkgzh {coa i zuokgupzdh gaojiodhcdh hvh~ikh ugcimg ugjidg dkgahjmol dhponhkgndo kg on ahkz~opzmib nkgch dhjiz~ijmg vpovhlhdng w Npwloa zukg~!zmoa ph~w$> @w~ophj ^$# Voch z~ockgjh vpgmhzdo ! Nhdhz# [hlpg`# 85$ ugckhjg 8922$# z~p$ 78$

70


5/14

O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$ A$ Dimij= Vz iboc oz mh hdhci {h ~ o~ hc i~ hp i{ hah

Mhn kg louop 6 gaojiodhcdia i iphjiodhcdia zhz~hudijhah Ikwnzmg zuikg!z~i w zcw{ì vzibocozmg vpovhlhdng# odnh ~pg`h pgji dgmocimo pikgji i6 vzi!bocoliki vh ph do in dg cijd oz~i mokh kg ovzkgndw~h ingkoa ugcijidg i zuolh vo!uikgzdol vozchdkh$ Vouikgzdo izmwz~uo dha zukgnoji nh zw uong ~o~hci~hpdibpg{iah RR$ z~ockgjh ìci vhphdoindi Ikwni iIi `hpga ozo`g z khmia jp~hahvhphdoindg cijdoz~i# Vhphdoindw ozo`w mhphm~gpi{iph ugcimh zwadkijhuoz~ idgvoukgpgdkg vpgah npwliah# {h~ia vpgozkg~ckiuoz~ dh mpi~imw i voahdkmh!dkg zuokguockdol ozkgjhkdol i{ph{huhdkh$ Vhphdoindg ozo`g aolw zg`govizh~i# h ~o jgz~o i jidg# mho dgi{akgpdo ~hcgd~iphdg iIi dgonockiuo vpi!uchjdg# mho ozo`g vcgaijmol ponh iIi òlh~ol dhzckgnz~uh# mho aojdi uo!ng# dhnhbdw~i lgdik# zug~hj# vpopom iIi jhm òl$ Odi aolw iah~i nokha nhiahkw ~hkdo {dhdkg iIi nh zw i{h`phdi nh i{upzg ugcimo vozchdkj!e Ph{col {h~hmuo vodhzhdkg kg w vzibonidhaiji vhphdoindg ozo`g mokh kg ov~gpgjgdhvo~izdw~oa {hz~phzwkwjoa hlpgziudozjw mokw odnh dhz~oki i{ph{i~i dh kg!nhd# zhpdo zgì# pgch~iudo vpibuh~ckiu dhjid# ^hmo dvp$ kgndh vhphdoindhozo`h ao{g zg`g wukgpi~i nh kg odh aongpdi Agzikh iIi doui Dhvocgod mokiao{g nodikg~i wdiugp{hcdi aip iIi ~o~hcdo wdiz~gdkg zuikg~h$

Guo dgmocimo lchudib o{dhmh {h vpgvo{dhuhdkg ~hmug ozo`g;8) ^hmuh kg ozo`h zvozo`dh wvpovhz~i~i ji~huw npwz~ugdw {hkgndijw# vo!~ijh~i npwlg dh vo`wdw# wdozi~i dgaip agnw ckwng$0) Lchudh {dhjhkmh ~hmug ozo`g kg kgndh upz~h bchndg hlpgziudoz~i mokh

kg oìdo mod~pociphdh w i{ph{huhdkw#$ :) Z~hy vhphdoindg ozo`g nh wuikgm iah vphuo {hnp{huh zg i wJupzjwkg zadolo vpokgmjikg o`pha`gdi agbhdi{ha)# h Iolimh kok zg Jidi ouhmo; vo!z~okg vpo`cgai= mpiudkh dg ao{g ì~i aokh# `wnwji nh kh wuikgm iaha vphuo#nhmcg npwli zw mpiui {h zug$

>) Oìjdo ~hmug ozo`g dg louopg lcwvoz~i= jgz~o zw id~gcilgd~dg# z ugci!moa hdhci~ijmoa zvozo`dozjw# Vo~pg`dh kg nhmcg zocindh id~gcilgdjikh nhdg~mo `wng no`hp vhphdoim$7 Jhagpod D$ ! Pyjbchm# K$# Vgpzodhci~y Ngugcovagd~ hdn Vzyjbovh~bocoly !H Nydh!

aijHvvpohjb# II$ gn$ Bowlb~od AieecidJoavhdy# @oz~od# 8927$# z~p$ :>8!:>0$5 Vpgah ìocozmok ~gopiki hlpgzikh kg wpongdi dhgid vodhzhdkh# ~k$ odh vpgnz~huckh onpg!ngdh dhlodzmo vodhzhdkg$ W zmwvidi hw~oph# moki vpiz~hkw w{ ~gopikw dhlodh# dhkggzjgzg zvoaidkw Epgwn zh zuokoa ~gopikoa 6 ,~bhdh~ozw, iii ,dhlodw zap~i,# z~o lh `comiph,gpoz,# ~k$ dhlod {h {iuo~oa i w{iuhdkga# i zmpgjg ngz~pwm~iudg vopiug ,vpgah uhd, z~opg{wc~iph w hlpgziudoz~i)$ Vg~{# @$# [hz~o noch{i no zwmo`h agnw Ikwniah? w; Wuon wvzibocolikw# wpgnici; Mocgzhpij# @$# Mpi{ahdij A$# Vg~{# @$# Lpheijmi {huon Bpuh~zmg#[hlpg` 8998$# z~p$ 00:)$ Ngz~pwm~iudi i hlpgziudi dhlodi mon ~o~hci~hpdol uong ogi~wkwzg i i{ph{huhkw w dkglouia bglgaodiz~ijmia ~g{dkhah nh ozuoki z~o uiZg~wngl ~gpi~opikhi nh {huchnh z~o ugjia `pokga Ikwni nh ì aolho {hnouocki~i hvg~i~g zuokib aglhco!ahdzmib ingkh waizckgdg ugcijidg# h von i{louopoa nh zvhzhuh! onpgngdi dhpon iiighm#gi~hu zuikg~$ Vpgah Epgwnouok ~gopiki# w ouoa zcwjhkw phnico ì zg 6zuokgupzdoa agbh!di{aw phjiodhci{hjikg mokoa ~o~hci~hpdi uonh ovphunhuh zuokg dhzicdo vodhzhdkg # Wzv$Epgwn# Z$#Vzyjbo!hdhcy~ij do~gz od hd hw~oìolphvbijhc hjjowd~ oe h jhzg oe vhphdoih"ngagd~ih vhphdoingz)# Uoc$ RI# 8972h# z~p$ >9$)

7:


6/14

A$ Dimij; Vzibocozmh hdhci{h ~o~hci~hpi{hah O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$

7) Oìjdo zg dg ao{g vpgvo{dh~i vhphdoindi vpoggz dh ~gagckw lcwvo!z~i vonw{g~ib z~huouh; zwn zg {h~o ~gagcki dh onpgngdia dhndiah mhmoozo`h {hw{iah z~hu;h) Pilindoz~; {hw{g~i z~hu jgz~o kg kgndoz~phd i dgecgmziìchd$`) Zuhmh z~uhp zg vgpzodhci{iph w zaizcw nh; zuhmi odhk moki dikg zhadoa# coz kg# kgp kh wuikgm iaha vphuo$g) Ahdkhm zvod~hdoz~i; vhphdoindh ozo`h zg ~gzmo i{nhkg# dg jg pghli!ph~i iavwc{iudo$ Oz~hkg w bchndok i mhcmwch~opzmok zpn{ì$ Dgah id~iadibvpikh~gckh z mokiah ao{g ì~i zvod~hdh# hci ao{g iah~i zhug{dimg# iz~oai!zckgdimg#n) Adolo kg khzdikg z~o ~hmuh ozo`h ozwnwkg# h ahdkg khzdo z~o vpgn!ch{g$g) Dimhnh dikg {hnouockdh$ Mhn {hupzi kgnhd ph~# aoph onahb vojg~inpwli# {h~o z~o odh dg vondozi aip# kgp kok od dg nh vpilonw {h vpokgmjikwdg{hnouockz~uh i vo~izdw~g hlpgziudoz~i$5) Vhphdoindh ozo`h ao{g chmo {hvchzi~i npwlg kgp noz~h chmo dhch{idkibouw zch`w ~ojmw i ~hao dhvhnh$Uong ~o~hci~hpdib pg{iah dhjiz~ijmg i moawdiz~ijmg vpougdikgdgikg iahcizw ugjidw ahcovpikg dhugngdib gp~h vhphdoindg ozo`g$7$ Zpgnz~uh i dhjidi vpovhlhdng7$8$ A hdivwciphdkg iz~idoa i wvoph`h chiiVo{dh~h i{pgmh# mokh zg vpivizwkg OWw @izahpgmw# mh{g; Dhkuizg zg ch{gvpikg i{òph# {h upikgag ph~h i vozcikg couh$ Kgnhd npwli# {colchzdi mhdggchpHnoce Bi~cgp# zah~pho kg nh ugcimg ahzg dgmol dhponh w vpiai~iudok kgn!doz~hudoz~i zuolh wah aolw chmzg voz~h~i {p~ug ugcimg ch{i dglo ahcg# kgpi zhai vomh~mhn ch{w w zi~dia z~uhpiah# hci ì zilwpdo ìci voz~ingdi ondgmg ugcimg ch{i? ^w zuokw id~wijikw 6ckwnzmok chmoukgpdoz~i i chmoa {h!uongdkw ugcimib ahzh w ch{ oìcdo jg mopiz~i~i wvphuo Bi~cgp idkglou ugcimiahkz~op ch{i Kozgvb Log`gcz# mho i npwli ingoco{i ~o~hci~hpdib pg{iah$7$0$ V odhuckhdkg i zupzgdi jidWvoao vodhuckhdkg v povhlhdndg vopwmg upco kg uh{hd jia`gdim dkgdolwzvkgbh$ HBi~cgp kg zah~pho nh kg ~gagckdo dhjgco wzvkgzdg vpovhlhdng;olphdiji~i zg dh ahco i ~o ukgjdo vodhuckh~i$ Lcgnhkwji z vzibocozmg z~ph!dg ~o dhjgco kg vpibuh~ckiuo wmocimo zw vpiah~gcki vopwmg hegm~iudo i mo!ldi~iudo zmcodi ~g{hah mokg ia zg dh ouhmhu dhjid dwng ondozdo dhagjw#Kgnhd on zwv~icdib i vgpeindib dhjidh ahdivwciphdkh iz~idoa ao{g zg vpg!< Wzv$ [uodhpguij# A$# dhu$ nk$# z~p$ 56:$

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7/14

O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$ A$ Dimij; Vz ibo co zmh hdhc i{ h ~ o~h ci ~h pi {hah

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Vpojgz vzibozoj ikh cdg ng{id ~glphj ikg ozo`g w{pomouhd zvopdgdw~ipd ag!~onhpdh izviphdkh pdo{lh onuikh zg w zckgngjia eh{hah;

h) Eh{h zomh kg dh vojg~mw vpojgzh ng{id~glphjikg ozo`g mhn zg {p~uhozkgjh {`wdkgdopd i pdizci nh kg ~o z~o zg z dkoa {ìuh dgmh dgzpg~dh zcwjhk!doz~ iIi {h`wdh$2 Vzibo col ikz cn p kgjd im = wpgnio; Vg~{# @$# Vpozukg~h# [hlpg` 8990$# z~p$ 0:7$9 Wzv$ [uodhpguij # dhy$ nk$# z~p$ 588$86 W ~hmuoa z~hdkw {p~uh vojidkg# z~ou~zg# ìuh~i dgzilwpdh i w zuok {nphu ph{wa# vogidkgw zgì ph{uikh~i ozkgjhk mpiudkg {h phdikh i zhnhzdkh nkgch# wmph~mo vogidkg zg Ikwckh~i dkg!{idh ji~huh dopahcdh agd~hcdh z~pwm~wph$ Odh zug uiZg{iui dg zhao w zojikhcdoa dgloi w agd~hcdoa uhmwwaw# kgp zw zug phdikg zojikhcdg i vzibocozmg z~pwm~wpg dgz~hcg# iiidgz~hkw# i ~ph{i lpo{dijhuo dgmi i{ch{ i{ ~olh ,vpgnzo`ckh w cwnico, "[uodhpguij# dhy$ nk$#z~p$58:)$

77


8/14

A$ Dimij; Vz ibo co zmh hdhc i{ h ~o ~h ci ~h pi {hah O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$

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9/14

O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$ A$ Dimij; Vz ibo co zmh hdh ci {h ~ o~ hc i~h pi {hah

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10/14

A $ D im ij ; Vzib oco zmh h dh ci{ h ~o ~h ci~h pi{ ha h O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$

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72


11/14

O`dou$ {iuo~ 78)8/08995)~p$ >9!50$ A$ Dimij= Vz ibo co zmh hdhc i{ h ~ o~ hc i~ hp i{ hah

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12/14

A$ Dimig= Vzibocozmh hdhci{h ~o~hci~hpi{hah O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$

Hwlwz~idw# zakgci dh{iuh~i mpzjhdzmi uchnhpi $$$hmo zg @olh òkg# ckw`g lhi z~wkw= hmo zvopikg mh{dkhuhkw# h chmo vphz~hkw= hmo onpgnwkw mh{dg phniwvphuckhdkh i jwuhdkh np{hug# h dg nh ì {hnouockici ozo`dw ap{dkw vpgahdgvpikh~gckiah= hmo vphz~hkw dg nh ì {cojh oz ~hch dgmh{dkgdh# dglo w dhninh zg vovphui= hmo zw vpizickgdi z~olon z~polo dhpgni~i# z~o kg jgz~o zcwjhk#nh ~o dhmdhng `chlozjw aicozpnh i i{nhzdozjw w no`pojidz~uiah= hmo zwvpgah phzmozkw ~o zwz~g{ckiuiki z~o ì lh uizg aolci zgì novwz~i~i= hmo uizguocg {hlozvonhpi~i ovhmia vo{wnhah dgloci ìco mokia vwjiah# i hmo zug~o jidg dg w {wndki vpgah izvph{dok zchui dglo w ckw`hui vpgah ukgjdokzpg~doz~i$89!50$ A$ Dimij; Vz ibo co zmh hdhc i{ h ~ o~ hc i~ hp i{ hah

ckwnzmg vzibg$ ô~hci~hpdi pg{iai zuokw nim~h~wpw vpolchzhuhkw i dhagjwdhponw mho dgz~o {h dhpon no`po# mho jick vpgah mokgaw ~pg`h ~g{i~i# Hmhn zg kgndoa uockh ~o~hci~hpdib uonh vpolchzi jickga# odnh zg zpgnz~uh {hoz~uhpgdkh ~ol jickh dg ìphkw vo aophcdia vpidjiviah# dglo vo wjidmoui!~oz~i z~o `p{gl oz~uhpgdkh$Kgnhd on ph{colh vokhuckiuhdkh i wjupzjiuhdkh ~o~hci~hpdib pg{iah dhch{izg i w zhaoa dhponw# w ckwniah moki dizw ìci zvpgadi vpgvo{dh~i i zwvpo~!z~hui~i zg ~o~hci~hpdia uonhah i ~o~hci~hpdia ~gdngdjikhah dgmg z~phdmg$ Wzug{i z~ipd iah vphuo Z~hdmo Chzij mhn mh{g; Dikg iz~idh nh dizao {dhcinh w Mhaòn{i ~phkg lo~ouo vwdib vg~ lonidh no~hnh dguingdi lgdo!jin$$$) Dikg iz~idh nh zuikg~w i dhah dizw ìci vo{dh~i phndi colopi w mokiahzw ckwni waiphci mho awbg i w mokiah zw zg nolhnhci dgukgpokh~di {cojidi $$$)Zug zao ~o {dhci i aolci {dh~i# uinkgci i aolci uinkg~i# h ~mo kg on dhz i{hzhodh wcijg nh uijg vpo~iu ~ol pg{iahe $$$) Zui zao {hìci lchug mho dokgui wvikgzhm# z~o i kgz~ dhkckgvzh zcimh ! ngeidijikh ~gopikg dgo`huikgz~gdoz~i$g,eDhnha zg nh jg i ouo vpgnhuhdkg mho i ji~hu ouhk {dhdz~ugdi zmwv vpi!nodikg~i ugjok o`huikgz~gdoz~i i voaoji dha nh chmzg vpgvo{dhao ~o~hci!~hpdg pg{iag i nh w vphuo upikgag nildgao zuok lchz {h noz~okhdz~uo jo!ukgmh$ Dh~o dhz vo{iuh {nphui ph{wa i ckwnzmh zocinhpdoz~$ Dh~o dhz vo!{iuh Jpmuh mokh kg on @olh vo{uhdh i vozchdh nh `wng ~hao lnkg kg wlpo!{gd joukgm idkglouh ~gagckdh vphuh# nh zukg~coa voukgpgdg kok iz~idg phz!vpzwkg aphm dg{dhdkh i {h`cwng# nh vo{iuh ckwng dh zcoònw minhkwji omo!ug dgvphugndg$

82 Chzij # Z$# Mpcgiocolikh i ii voui kgz ~ md~ijmg aizci 6 Aipozchuw Mpcgii# Mdkilh npwlh; 6a oph cdok z ~p wm ~w pi i ~ o~hc i~hpdok zu ik gz ~i # Lco`wz# [hlpg` 8929$# z~p$ 50!5:$

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A$ Dimij; Vz ibo co zmh hdhc i{ h ~o ~h ci ~h pi {hah O`dou$ {iuo~ 78) 8/0 8995) z~p$ >9!50$

VZYJBOCOLIJHC HDHCYZIZ OE Ô^HCI^HPIHDIZAZAikoDimij

Zwaahpy^biz vhvgp iz h vzyjbocolijhc hdhcyziz oe ~bg ~o~hci~hpihd pgliag wdngp ~bghzvgj~ oe vzyjbocolijhc vpovhlhdnh$ ^bg hw~bop eipz~ zvghmz hòw~ ~bg zwl!lgz~iìci~y hdn ao~iuh~iod oe ~bg pgjgiugp oe ~bg agzzhlg# ~bgd bg ciz~z ~bgaoz~ iavop~hd~ vpovhlhdnh hvvghcz wzgn `y ~o~hci~hpihd pgliagz$ @ghpidl~bg biz~opijhc grvgpigdjg id aidn ~bh~ cghngpz oe ~o~hci~hpihd pgliagz bhug`ggd vhphdoin vgpzodh ci~gz op vgpzodz |i~b vhphdoin ~phi~z# ~bg hw~bop hdh!cyzgz ~bg vzyjbocolijhc vpoeicg oe ~bg vhphdoin vgpzodhci~y hdn ~bg ahddgpzwjb vgpzodz hj~ id zojig~y$ Haodl idz~pwagd~z oe vpovhlhdng ~bg hw~bopagd~iodz; ahdivwch~iod oe ~pw~b# ~bg hjjoavcizbgn ]hj~= `phid|hzbidl#pwaowpz# hdn vzyjbocolijhc |hp$H~ ~bg gdn# jgp~hid hnuijg iz liugd bo| ~o vpo~gj~ odgzgce epoa wd|hd~gn

vhpovhlhdnh$ ^bg h~~i~wng oe ~bg Jh~bocij Jbwpjb |bijb vpojchiaz ~pw~b `y|hy oe |bijb |g hpg epggn oe hcc zchugpy# ~bh~ oe ~o~hci~hpihd pgliagz hz |gcc#iz hczo nizjwzzgn$

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