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8/2/2019 Pseudomonas Bacteria Are Common Organisms That Can Thrive in Water Systems
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Summary Regarding Description and Control
Measures for Pseudomonas in Drinking WaterPseudomonas bacteria are common organisms that can thrive in water systems. There are many different types of
these bacteria, however some are deemed much more serious than others when it comes to water quality.
What problems does it cause?
Once in a water system, pseudomonas bacteria grow rapidly, quickly forming a bio-film on pipework if left
untreated. Biofilms are a critical area in water systems, where other bacteria, such as legionella can inhabit.
Pseudomonas bacteria are extremely difficult to eradicate once they have formed within a system and are therefore
ideally tackled pro-actively before the problem occurs.
The bio-films caused by pseudomonas, adversely affect drinking water; impairing the taste, appearance and safetyof the water.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a more serious variety of this organism, which can cause illness if allowed to form in
water systems. Pseudomonas should therefore not be present in the water systems of places that have regular human
contact, such as hospitals and swimming pools.
Where is it found?
Pseudomonas colonises in water systems if allowed to enter the system. It grows more when it has access to a higher
level of oxygen and the temperature is between 20 40 C, although it can grow outside of this range with a pH
value of 7 8.5.
What can be done?
A number of actions that can be taken to prevent pseudomonas contaminations, ranging from simple procedures to
reduce the likelihood of the bacteria even occurring in your system, whilst others are actual water treatments toeliminate the organisms, once in systems. The extent of the problem and the type of system involved, will determine
the best treatment for each application, these should be discussed with your Hydrotec representative.
For domestic water systems, treatment approaches again includeUV and Chlorine Dioxide systems.
Introduction
Over recent years, various factors have created an increase in the demand for water disinfection.
In todays more energy-conscious world, there has been a move towards operating hot water
systems at lower temperatures. This is clearly a positive step but has needed to be countered by anincrease in effective water treatment.
In addition, recycled water is being used more often for ecological reasons, also heightening theneed to eliminate micro-organisms such as bacteria, spores, moulds and viruses.
These factors, along with a growing awareness of the dangers presented by certain bacteria andstringent health and safety legislation, have resulted in this upturn in demand.
http://www.hydrotec.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?link=64&tabid=151&language=en-GBhttp://www.hydrotec.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?link=64&tabid=151&language=en-GBhttp://www.hydrotec.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?link=63&tabid=151&language=en-GBhttp://www.hydrotec.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?link=63&tabid=151&language=en-GBhttp://www.hydrotec.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?link=64&tabid=151&language=en-GB8/2/2019 Pseudomonas Bacteria Are Common Organisms That Can Thrive in Water Systems
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Making light work of your problems
So what is the best way to ensure that your water system remains free from bacteria and othermicro-organisms? The dangers associated with bacteria such as legionella and pseudomonas,mean that it is highly advisable to have a pro-active solution in place.
Installing ultraviolet water disinfection equipment, such as the Hydropur, kills almost all bacteriaand micro-organisms passing through the unit and thus preventing them from becoming an issue.
What will Ultraviolet Water Disinfection achieve?
Unlike other methods of disinfection, such as chlorine, there are no negative side-effects to theHydropur; your water is left chemical-free and does not become tainted with an unpleasant smell ortaste.
Clearly, with minimal requirement for maintenance and a highly effective killing rate, Hydropur is theideal solution for preventing contamination in the vast majority of cases.
Hydropur systems can be installed as a gate keeper to treat any bacteria that may try to enter thefacility via the mains water system, or it can be used as a point of use treatment, where, forexample, legionella may need to be controlled.
So how does it work?
Sunlight consists of UV, UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Whilst these all have germicidal properties, it is theUV-C (or short-wave ultraviolet) that has the most germicidal potential.
As UV-C is filtered out by the earths atmosphere, it is rarely found on earth but can be re-created byusing an ultra-violet lamp.
The UV light penetrates the cell wall of a micro-organism such as bacteria, a virus or fungi. In doingso it alters the micro-organisms DNA, which in turn prevents it from reproducing, therebypreventing the bacteria, virus or fungi from proliferating within the system.
Introduction
Across industry generally there is an increasing requirement for safe, effective and economical disinfection of
water.
This has been brought about by the growing awareness of the dangers and problems caused by the presence of
bacteria in water supplies, together with more stringent health and safety legislation relating to water quality.
What will chlorine dioxide dosing by the Hydrodos achieve?
While legionella and pseudomonas are the key waterborne bacteria to be addressed within building services
applications, there are many other micro-organisms that have to be taken into account. Chlorine dioxide is a
highly effective method of dealing with a large and diverse range of organisms including the following bacteria:
Algae and Amoebae
Coliforms
Cryptosporidium
Giardia Cysts
8/2/2019 Pseudomonas Bacteria Are Common Organisms That Can Thrive in Water Systems
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Legionella Pneumophila
Listeria
Pseudomonas
Salmonella
Applications
Potable water disinfection
Legionella-control method for hot and cold domestic water systems, approved by the Health and Safety
Executive, when used in accordance with the L8 Approved Code of Practice
Control and removal of biofilms
Water recycling projects
Microbiological control for open evaporative cooling systems
Food and beverage applications
Many others
So how does it work?
Two chemical precursors (Hydrodos SC and Hydrodos HA) are simultaneously pumped (via high-qualitydigital metering pumps) to a holding zone within the main Hydrodos unit. Here the reaction between the
precursors is controlled and designed to provide a high yield of the chlorine dioxide disinfectant required. In
doing so, the quantity of undesirable by-products, is minimised such as chlorites that otherwise would enter the
water system.
The Hydrodos system is imitated by a water meter installed in the main water supply line that feeds the
building, storage tank or process, (see the technical sections for greater detail of dosing regime). On-board
system analysers check the dosing level and provide an additional control loop for system safety and integrity,
whilst also providing information to both a local display and outputs to a BMS system if so desired.
Significance in drinking-water and Control Measures:
Although P. aeruginosa can be signifi cant in certain settings such as health-care facilities, there is no
evidence that normal uses of drinking-water supplies are a source of infection in the general population.
However, the presence of high numbers of P. aeruginosa in potable water, notably in packaged water,
can be associated with complaints about taste, odour and turbidity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is sensitive
to disinfection, and entry into distribution systems can be minimized by adequate dis-infection. Control
measures that are designed to minimize biofi lm growth, includ-ing treatment to optimize organic carbon
removal, restriction of the residence time of water in distribution systems and maintenance of
disinfectant residuals, should reduce the growth of these organisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is detected
by HPC, which can be used together with parameters such as disinfectant residuals to indicate conditions
that could support growth of these organisms. However, as P. aeruginosa is a common environmental
organism, E. coli (or, alternatively, thermotolerant coli-forms) cannot be used for this purpose.
Control of biofilm formation in water using
molecularly capped silver Nano-particles
8/2/2019 Pseudomonas Bacteria Are Common Organisms That Can Thrive in Water Systems
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Control of biofouling and its negative effects on process performance of water systems is a serious
operational challenge in all of the water sectors. Molecularly capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-MCNPs)
were used as a pretreatment strategy for controlling biofilm development in aqueous suspensions using
the model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm control was tested in a two-step procedure:
planktonic P. aeruginosa was exposed to the Ag-MCNPs and then the adherent biofilm formed by the
surviving cells was monitored by applying a model biofilm-formation assay. Under specific conditions,Ag-MCNPs retarded biofilm formation, even when high percentage of planktonic P. aeruginosa cells
survived the treatment. For example, Ag-MCNPs (10 mgmL1) retarded biofilm formation (>60%), when
50 percent of the planktonic P. aeruginosa cells survived the treatment.
Moreover, stable low value of relative biomass has been formed in the presence of fixed Ag-MCNPs
concentrations at various biofilm incubation times. Our results showed that Ag-MCNPs pretreated cells
were able to produce EPS although they succeeded to form rela-tively low adherent biofilm.
Use of newly isolated phages for control of Pseudomonas
aeruginosPseudomonas aeruginosa is a relevant opportunistic pathogen involved in nosocomial infections that
frequently shows low antibiotic susceptibility. One of its virulence factors is associated with the ability to
adhere to surfaces and form virulent biofilms. This work describes the isolation and characterization of
lytic phages capable of infecting antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. In addition, characterization of
P. aeruginosa biofilms and the potential of newly isolated phages for planktonic and biofilm control was
accessed. According to the results, the isolated phages showed different spectra of activity and efficiency
of lysis. Four broad lytic phages were selected for infection of planktonic cells; however, despite their
broad range of activity, two of the selected phages failed to efficiently control planktonic cultures.
Therefore, only two phages (phiIBB-PAA2 and phiIBB-PAP21), highly capable of causing strong
biomass reduction of planktonic cells, were tested against 24 h biofilms using a m.o.i. of 1. Both phages
reduced approximately 1e 2 log the biofilm population after 2 h of infection and reduction was further
enhanced after 6 h of biofilm infection. However, biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa PAO1 acquired resistance
to phiIBB-PAP21; consequently, an increase in the number of cells after 24 h of treatment was observed.
Conversely, phage phiIB-PAA2 for P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 continued to destroy biofilm cells, even
after 24 h of infection. In these biofilms, phages caused a 3 log reduction in the number of viable counts
of biofilm cells.