PSC November 15...Vol. 27 Issue 1 Fortnightly September 1, 2015 Page 24 ` 5 PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission SINCE 1985 website: E-mail: kpsc.psc@kerala…

Vol. 27 Issue 1 Fortnightly September 1, 2015 Page 24 ` 5

PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission

SINCE 1985

website: www.keralapsc.gov.in E-mail: [email protected] Call Centre: 0471-2554000

hS-°≥ Pn√-I-fn¬ ]n.-F-kv.-kn.-_p-≈-‰n\ns‚ e`yX h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn IÆq¿Pn√-bnse IqØp]-d-ºnepw (9847714417) ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse at©-cn-bnepw Hm¿K-ss\-knMvGP≥kn kwhn-[m-\-ta¿s∏-SpØn. Bÿm\ Hmô-kn¬ hcn-kw-Jy-sbm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v kuI-cyw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv hn`m-K-Øn\p ]pdta F≥Iz-b-dn°pkao]hpw hcn-kwJy kzoI-cn-°pw. Icn-b¿ ssKU≥kv ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p-th≠n DtZym-Km¿Yn Iq´m-bva-Ifpw _p≈-‰n≥ e`y-am-°p∂p≠v. ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv hn`m-K-Øn¬ \n∂ve`yamb ]gb e°-ßƒ hmßp∂-Xn\v kuI-cy-ap-≠v.

hb-\m-Sv, ]Ø\wXn´ Pn√-I-fn¬ Hm¿K-ss\-knMv GP‚p-amscbpw GP‚p-am-scbpw Bh-iy-ap-≠v. Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-h¿ ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv hn`m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏SpI. t^m¨ 0471 2546270.

t]cv, hnemkw F∂nh klnXw ]_v-fnIv dnte-j≥kv Hmô-k¿, tIc-f ]ªnIv k¿∆okv

IΩo -j≥, Xncp -h -\ -¥-]p -cw -˛4 F∂ hnem -k-Øn -te°v IsØ-gp -Xp -I -tbm,

[email protected]. F∂ C˛-sa-bn¬ hnem-k-Ønte°v sabn¬ Ab-bv°p-Itbm

sNbvXm¬ GP≥kn hyh-ÿ-Ifpw At]-£m- m-dhpw Ab-®p-X-cpw. aq∂q-dv cq]-bmWv GP≥kn

A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ an\naw Unt∏m-kn-‰v. 300 tIm∏n-I-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ hmßp∂ Hm¿K-ss\-knMv GP‚p-am¿°vDb¿∂ \nc-°n¬ IΩo-j≥ e`n-°pw.

Hm-Wm-iw-kIƒ

at©-cn-bnepw IqØp]-d-ºnepwHm¿K-ss\-knMv GP≥knIƒ

2 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

io.- Atim-I≥- Ncp-hn¬ ˛ sNb¿-am≥saº¿-, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

tUm.- sI Djsaº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

io.- ]n- in-hZm-k≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

io-aXn.- kn-an- tdm-kv-s_¬- tPm¨-saº¿, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

AUz.- C cho-µ\m-Y≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

]Xm[n]kanXn

78217 hscbp≈ hcn°mcpsS Imemh[n sk]v-‰w-_¿- 1

e-°tØmsSbmWv Ahkm\n°p∂Xv

hcnkwJy (\qdpcq])

aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn Abt°≠ hnemkw:

]ªn-Iv- dn-tej≥-kv- Hm-ô-k¿,-

tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- IΩnj≥,-

]´w- ]m-ekv- ]n.-H., Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-˛695004

h-cn-°m¿- _p-≈-‰n-≥ kw-_-‘n-®v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw-t^m-¨- sN-øp-tºm-gpw- _p-≈-‰n-\n-s‚- te-_-en-ep-≈-

k-_v-kv-ssI-_¿- \-º¿- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

hcn°mcpsS i≤bv°v

]ªnIv dntej≥kv Hmôk¿

io.- ]Zo-]v- Ip-am¿.- _n-.- Pn--, t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483

k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2546270

H‰ØhW cPn-kvt-Sj≥-t^m-t´m- kw-_\v-[n-® \n¿-t±ißƒ-

1.-1.-2012 ap-X¬- ]m-_-ey-Øn-ep-≈- h-¨-˛-ssSw- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-

≥, - I -Ωo -j-s‚- Hu -tZym -Kn -I - sh-_v -ssk-‰m -b

www.keralapsc.gov.in hgn- \SØn-btijam-Wv- DtZym-Km¿-

∞n-Iƒ- hn-hn-[ Xkv-Xn-IIƒ-°m-bn- At]£ ka¿-∏n-

t°≠Xv.- t^m-t´m- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-tºmƒ- ]co-£m¿-Xv-Yn-

Iƒ- Xm-sg ]dbp-∂ Im-cy-ßƒ- ]tXy-Iw- i≤n-t°≠Xm-Wv.-

1.- t^m-t´m-bn¬- DtZym-Km¿-Xv-Yn-bp-sS t]cpw- t^m-t´m FSp-

Ø Xo-bXn-bpw- ]Xn-®n-cn-°Ww.

2. -- IΩo-j≥- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-°p-∂ hn-⁄m-]\ßƒ- ]Im-

cw- DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- At]£ ka¿-∏n-°p-tºmƒ- A]v-

tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´mbv-°v- 10 h¿-jtØbv-°v- ]m-

_ey-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-- -

3. ]co-£m¿-XvYn-bp-sS ap-Jhpw- tXm-fp-Ifp-sS ap-Iƒ- m-Khpw-

hy-Iv-Xam-bn- ]Xn-™n-cn-°Ø° hn-[Øn-ep-≈ ]m-kv-t]m¿-

´v- sskkn-ep-≈ If¿-/ªm-°v- & ssh‰v- t^m-t´m-bm-bn-cn-

°Ww.-

4. -shfp-ØtXm- Cfw- \n-dØn-tem- D≈ ]iv-Nm-ØeØn¬-

Cfw- \n-dØn-ep-≈ hkv-Xw- [cn-®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m-bm-

bn-cn-°Ww.-

5.- ap-Jw- t\scbpw- ]q¿-Æam-bpw- t^m-t´m-bp-sS a≤y- m-KØv-

]Xn-™n-cn-°Ww.-

6.- IÆp-Iƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- Im-WØ° hn-[Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww.-

7.- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´m-Iƒ- 200 ]n-Iv-sk¬- h x 150]n-Iv-sk¬- w D≈Xpw- JPG t^m¿-am-‰n-ep-≈Xpw- 30 KB^b¬ sskkn¬- A[n-Icn-°m-ØXp-am-bn-cn-°Ww.-

8.- k¨-•m-kv,- sXm-∏n- F∂n-h [cn-®v- FSp-ØXpw- ap-JØn-

s≥-d Hcp- hiw- am-Xw- Im-WØ°hn-[ap-≈Xpw- ap-Jw- hy-

Iv-Xa√m-ØXp-am-b t^m-t´m-Iƒ- kzo-Im-cy-a√.

9.- ""aXm-Nm-cØn-s≥-d m-Kam-bn- sXm-∏n-/in-tcm-hkv-Xw- [cn-

®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m- a‰v- \n¿-t±ißf\p-kcn-®m-sW¶n¬-

kzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.-

t]cpw-t^m-t´m-FSp-Ø Xo-bXn-bpw-

kwi-b-ßƒ°v adp--]Sn

XncpØv2015 BKÃv 15 e°-Ønse ]n.-F-kv.-kn. _p≈-‰n-\n¬ Im‰-K-dn \º¿ 220/2012 Bbn Pn√m kl-I-cW_m¶nse Um‰m F≥Sn Hm∏-td-‰¿ XkvXn-I-°mbn hn⁄m-]\w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-cp-∂p. Sn hn⁄m-]-\-Øn¬ Hgn-hp-I-fpsS FÆw 1 F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv Hgn-hp-I-fpsS FÆw sIm√w 1 (H∂v) F∂vXncpØn hmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

* kam[m\ s\mt_¬ kΩm-\-Øn\v _Z-embn ssN\ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb I¨^yq-jykvkam-[m\ ]pc-kvImcw BZy-ambn e`n-®Xv B¿°mWv?

ssN\bpsS ap≥ sshkv ]kn-U‚mb Lien Chan BWv I¨^yq-jykv kam-[m\ ]pc-kvImcw BZy-ambn t\Sn-bXv (2-010).

2011 Vladimir Putin2012 Kofi Annan and Yuan Longping2013 Yi Cheng2014 Fidel Castro* 1920-˛se C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨Kkv ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ A[y-£X hln-®Xv hoc-cm-L-hm-Nm-cy¿ F∂pw ePv]Xv dmbn F∂pw ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ hy-Xy-kvX-ambn ImWp-∂p.

1920 sk]vXw_dn¬ sIm¬°Øbn¬ emem ePv]XvdmbnbpsS A[y£Xbn¬tIm¨Kkns‚ ]tXyI ktΩf\w tN¿∂v \n lIcW ]ÿm\sØ°pdn®v N¿®sNbvXp. B h¿jw tIm¨Kkns‚ dKpe¿ skj≥ tN¿∂Xv 1920 Unkw_dn¬kn.hnPbcmLhmNmcycpsS A[y£Xbn¬ \mKv]qcnemWv. \n lIcW ]ÿm\wBcw`n°m≥ Cu ktΩf\w A\paXn \¬In.

* Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ ]_vfnIv k¿hokv IΩn-j≥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Hcp ]pkvX-I-Øn¬I≠p. ]_vfnIv k¿hokv IΩn-jW¿ BWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv F∂v thsdm-cn-SØpw I≠p.GXmWv icn?

_Ko-jv, IqØp-]-dºv

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ ]_vfnIv k¿hokv IΩn-jW¿ BWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. 1949-˛¬ Xncphn-Xmw-Iqdpw sIm®n-bp-ambn ebn-°pw-hsc Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ ]_vfnIv k¿hokv IΩn-jWdpwAt±-l-Øns‚ Iogn-ep≈ ]ªnIv k¿hokv hIp∏pw ]h¿Øn-®p.

\n-b-a-\-in- -]m¿-i-bpw Xncs™Sp∏pw

Xt±i ÿm]-\-ß-fn-te-°p≈- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- B-

k-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-∂- km-l-N-cy-Øn¬- ]n-F-kv-kn- \n-b-a-\-ßƒ- \n¿-Øn-h-bv-°p-tam?-

dn-t∏m¿-´v- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂- H-gn-hp-I-fn-te-°v- D-tZym-

Km¿-∞n-I-sf- \n-b-a-\-Øn-\v- in- -]m¿-i-sN-øp-I-bm-Wv ]n-F-kv-kn-bp-sS- I¿-Ø-hyw.- in-]m¿-i-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂-bm-fn-\v- \n-b-a-\- D-Ø-c-hv- \¬-tI-≠-Xv- A-X-Xv- h-Ip-∏p-I-tfm- kv-Ym-]-\-ß-tfm- B-Wv.- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- Im-c-Ww- \n-b-a-\-in- -]m¿-i-\n¿-Øn-h-bv-°m-dn-√.-

ho-≠pw- A-t]-£n-°mw-

Nn-e- X-kv-Xn-I-I-fp-sS- dm-¶v- en-kv-‰v- \n-e-hn-ep-≈-

t∏mƒ-X-s∂- ]n-F-kv-kn- A-tX- X-kv-Xn-I-bn-te-°v- A-t]-£- £-Wn-°m-dp-≠-t√m.- dm-¶p-en-kv-‰n¬-Dƒ-s∏- n- p-≈- \n-b-a-\w- e- n-®n- n-√m-Ø- D-tZym-Km¿-Yn-Iƒ- ]m-b-]-cn-[n- I-gn-™n-ń-√m-Ø-]-£w- ho-≠pw- A-tX- X-kv-Xn-I-bv-°v- A-t]-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬-\n-b-a-X-S- -ap-t≠m-?-

C-√.-

t\m¨- Io-an -se-b¿- k¿-ń -^n-°-‰v -

t\m¨- Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- lm-P-cm-°p-

tºmƒ- A-Xv- K-k-‰-Uv- D-tZ-ym-kv-Y≥- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂v- hy-h-kv-Y-bp-t≠m?-

t\m¨- Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰n-s≥-d- ]-I¿-∏v-

D-tZy-mKm-¿-Yn- kz-bw- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Ønbm¬- a-Xn.-C≥-d¿-hyq- k-a-b-tØm- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂- a-‰v- A-h-k-c-ß-fn-tem- A- ¬- k¿-´-n-^n-°-‰v- ]-cn-tim[-\-bv-°v- lm-P-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

sF.-kn. -Un. -F-kv. kq∏¿ssh-k¿

kmaq-lnIt£a hIp-∏n¬ kq∏¿ssh-k¿, sF.-

kn.-Un.-Fkv (Im-‰-Kdn \º¿ 412/2011) XkvXn-I-bpsS dm¶v enkv‰v Ft∏mƒ- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°pw- ?-

dm¶v enÃvkw-_-‘-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂p.

F®v.-F-kv. -F-kv. -Sn. Iº-yq-´¿ kb≥kv

lb¿- sk-°-‚-dn- kv-Iqƒ- So-®¿- (I-ºyq- ¿- k-b-≥kv-

)- X-kv-X-I-bp-sS- (Im-‰-K-dn- \-º¿- 111/-2010)- dm-¶v- en-Ãv-ssh-Ip-∂p-≠v.- dm-¶v- en-Ãv- D-S-≥ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-tam?-

dm¶v enÃv Xøm-dm-°p∂ \S-]Sn ]q¿Øn-bmbn hcp-

∂p.

]n.-F-kv. -kn./skI-t´-dn -b‰v Akn-Ã‚v

]n.-F-kv.-kn./skI-t -dn-b‰v apX-em-b-h-bn¬ Akn-

Ã‚ v (Im-‰-Kdn \º¿ 121/2013) XkvXn-I-bn-te-°p≈ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v GXp L´-Øn-em-Wv.

H.-Fw.-B¿- ]-co-£- I-gn-™p.- ]-co-£m- -ew- ]-kn-

≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- ]p-tcm-K-an-°p-∂p.

shmt°-j-W¬ C≥kvS-IvS¿

shmt°-j-W¬ C≥kvS-IvS¿ (sa-bn‚-\≥kv

B‚ v Hm∏-td-j≥ Hm^v assd≥ F©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv) shmt°-j-W¬ C≥kvS-IvS¿ (d-^n-P-td-‰¿B‚ v I≠o-j-\n-ßv) shmt°-j-W¬ C≥kvS-IvS¿ (AtKm sajo-\-dn) Cu XkvXn-I-I-fpsSASpØ hn⁄m-]\w Ft∏mƒ D≠m-Ipw.

hn⁄m-]-\-Øns‚ IcSv AwKo-Im-c-Øn\p ka¿∏n-

®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. hn⁄m-]\w DS≥ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°pw.

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 3

h\hpw- h-\y-Po-hn- k-º-Øpw- ]-cn-]m-en-°m-≥ Xm¬-]-cyw- Im-Wn-®n-cp-∂- ]-e- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw- tI-c-f-N-cn-X-Øn-ep-≠v.- a-e-_m¿- I-e-Iv-S-dm-bn-cp-∂- F-®v.-hn.-sIm-t\m-en- km-bn-∏m-Wv- tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ-tX-°p- πm-t‚-j-\m-b- "-sIm-t\m-eo-kv- tπm-´v-'- \n-e-ºq-cn¬- hn-I-kn-∏n-®-Xv.- 1844¬- ¬-B-cw-`n-®- tπm-´v- a-e-∏p-dw- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv.- a-Zm-kv- t^m-d-Ãv- B-Iv-Sv- 1882¬- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂p.- A-Xp-]-Im-cw- I-cn-ºp-g,- hm-f-bm¿,-ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en- ]-tZ-i-ßƒ- 1883˛-87¬- dn-k¿-hv- h-\-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- Sm-h-≥Iq¿-t^m-d-Ãv- B-Iv-Sv- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- 1887¬- B-Wv.- 1888¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-Zy-sØ-dn-k¿-hv- h-\-am-bn- tIm-∂n-sb- ]-Jym-]n-®p.-1934¬- Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-s‚-Im-e-Øv- B-cw- n-®v- s\-√n-°mw-]- n-bm-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw.-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\-ß-fn¬- D-jv-W-ta-J-e- a-g°mSpIƒ (Tropical Rain Forests),DjvWtaJe A¿[\nXylcnXh\ßfpw (Tropical Semi-Ever green Forests) , DjvWtaJe\\hm¿∂ Ces]mgnbpwh\ßfpw(Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests)F∂nh-bm-Wv- ]-[m-\-am-bpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-I-≠¬-h-\-ß-fp-sS- km-∂n-[y-hpw- \m-a-am-X-sb-¶n-epw- D-≠v.- I-Æq¿- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-≠¬-h-\-ap-≈-Xv.- ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´,- C-Sp-°n,- ]m-e-°m-Sv,- h-b-\m-Sv- F-∂o- Pn-√-I-fn¬- I-≠¬- h-\-ß-fn-√.- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-ßƒ,- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-ßƒ,- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hp-Iƒ,- I-ayp-Wn-‰n- dn-k¿-hp-Iƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b- kw-c-£n-X- ]-tZ-i-ß-fpw- h-\w-h-Ip-∏n-s‚- Io-gn-ep-≠v.- h-\-]-tZ-i-Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- C-Sp-°n-Pn-√-bv-°m-Wv- H-∂mw- ÿm-\w.- B-e-∏p-g-bm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- ]n-∂n¬.- C-Xv- dn-k¿-hv- h-\-]-tZ-i-an-√m-Ø- G-I- Pn-√-bm-Wv.-

tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-ß-fpw- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-ß-fp-ap-≈-Pn-√- C-Sp-°n-bm-Wv.- B-Zy-sØ- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-hpw- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-hpw- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´-Xpw- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv.-ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en- H-

tIc-f-Ønse h\ßfpw

kwc£nX ]tZißfpwgn-sI- tI-c-f-Øn-se- F-√m- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°p-I-fpw- C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv- .-

1971em-Wv- I-Æ-≥ tZ-h-≥ ln¬- s]m-Uyq-kv- \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®v- tZ-hn-Ip-fw- Xm-eq-°n-se- cm-P-a-e- ]-tZ-i-ßƒ- k¿-°m¿- G-s‰-Sp-Ø-Xv.- 1975¬- 97 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- h-cp-∂- ]-tZ-iw- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- 1978¬- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-am-bn- D-b¿-Øn.- hw-i-\m-iw- t\-cn-Sp-∂- h-c-bm-Sp-I-fm-Wv- (im-kv-X\maw Nilgiritragus hylocrius)ChnSsØ- ]-tXy-I-X. tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-Øn¬- cm-P-a-e- `m-K-Øv- 12 h¿-j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬- ]q-°p-∂- \o-e-°p-dn-™n- (im-kv-X-\maw Strobilanthes kunthiana) [mcmfwk-µ¿-i-I-sc- C-hn-tS-°v- B-I¿-jn-°p-∂p.-Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b-`m-K-am-b- B-\-ap-Sn- (8841 A-Sn-)- Cu- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°n-\p-≈n-em-Wv.- tI-c-f-Øn-se-G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-am-Wv- C-c-hn-Ip-fw- (97 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰¿-).-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- c-≠m-a-sØ- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-

\-am-b- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en- ]m-e-°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv.- 1984 \-hw-_¿- 15˛-\m-Wv- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv.- ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-s‚- ]-Sn-™m-td-s®-cp-hn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- C-Xn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- a-Æm¿-°m-Sm-Wv.- P-\n-X-I- ssh-hn-[yw-sIm-≠v- tem-I-i-≤- ]n-Sn-®p-]-‰n-b- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en-bp-sS- ]-tXy-I-X- B-Zyw- a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xv- _n-ó-jp-Im-cm-Wv.- No-ho-Sp-I-fp-sS- i-_v-Z-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- A-h¿- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en- (\n-»-_v-Z- Xm-gv-h-c-)- F-∂- t]-cp-\¬-In.- t]-cp- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se- C-Xv- \n-i-_v-Z- Xm-gv-h-c-b-√-;- ]-£n-I-fp-sS-bpw-ar-K-ß-fp-sS-bp-sam-s°- i-_v-Z-Øm¬- k-Zm-ap-J-cn-X-am-Wv.- ssk-c-‘o-h-\w- F-∂m-Wv-C-Xn-s\- a-lm- m-c-X-Øn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂-Xv.- C-t∏mƒ- Cu- ]-tZ-iw- \o-e-Kn-cn- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hn-s‚- m-K-am-Wv.- \n-c-h-[n-A-]q¿-h-bn-\w- P-¥p-°-fp-sS- B-hm-k- tI-µ-am-b- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en- hw-i-\m-iw- t\-cn-Sp-∂- knw-l-hm-e-≥ Ip-c-ßp-I-fp-sS- ]-[m-\- Xm-h-f-sa-∂- \n-e-bn¬- ]-i-kv-X-am-Wv.-

sh-Sn-πm-hp-I-fp-sS- (im-kv-X-\maw Culleniaexarillata) ee- y-X-bm-Wv- (A-b-Wn-®-°-)- C-hn-sS- knw-l-hm-e-≥ Ip-c-ßn-\v- ]n-b-¶-c-am-°p-∂-Xv.- 89.-52 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-Øn-t\m-Sv- 2007˛¬- 148 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- _-^¿-tkm-¨-Iq-Sn- Iq-ń-t®¿-Ø-Xn-‚-F- ^-e-am-bn- C-t∏mƒ- c-≠pw-Iq-Sn- tN¿-Øv- 237.-52N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≠v.- 2383ao-‰-dm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂-`m-K-Øn-s‚- D-b-cw.- cm-P-sh-ºm-e,- aq¿-J-≥,- A-W-en- Xp-S-ßn-b- D-c-K-ß-fpw- C-hn-sS- [m-cm-f-ap-≠v.- 128C-\w- i-e-`-ß-fpw- C-hn-sS- I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- `m-c-X-∏p-g-bp-sS- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-I-fn-sem-∂m-b- Ip-¥n-∏p-g- Cu- k-t¶-X-Øn-eq-sS- H-gp-Ip-∂p.-

tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\- ]-Z-hn- e-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en-bn¬- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X-]-≤-Xn- \n¿-an-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- k¿-°m¿- \o-°-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- ]-cn-ÿn-Xn- t]-an-I-fpw- tI-c-f- im-kv-X- km-ln-Xy- ]-cn-j-Øpw- cw-K-sØ-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.- ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-°v- lm-\n-bp-≠m-°m-sX- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X- ]-≤-Xn- \n¿-an-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-tam-sb-∂v- ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-≥ s]m-^.-Fw.-Pn.-sI.-ta-t\m-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- H-cp- k-an-Xn-sb- \n-b-an-®p.- 1983˛¬- I-Ωn-‰n-k-a¿-∏n-®- dn-t∏m¿-´v- ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-]-[m-\-a-¥n- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X-]-≤-Xn- D-t]-£n-°m-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-am-b-t∏mƒ- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- ]-[m-\-a-¥n.-

C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv- a-Xn-sI-´m-≥tNm-e,- B-\-ap-Sn-t®m-e,- ]m-ºm-Spw-tNm-e- F-∂o-tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-ßƒ.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw-sN-dn-b- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-am-Wv- 2003 Un-kw-_¿- 14˛-\v- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°m-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®- ]m-ºm-Spw-tNm-e.- 1.-318 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww.- tZ-hn-Ip-fw- Xm-eq-°n¬- a-d-bq¿- hn-t√-Pn-em-Wn-Xv.- tNm-e-∏p¬-ta-Sv- B-hm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- C-hn-Sp-tØ-Xv.- k-ap-Z-\n-c-∏n¬-\n-∂v- 1600 ap-X¬-2400 ao-‰¿-h-sc- D-b-c-Øn-em-Wv- C-Xn-s‚-ÿm-\w.-

a-Xn-sI-´m-≥tNm-e- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-am-

FOCUSB¿- kn- kp-tc-jv-Ip-am¿-

4 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv- 2003em-Wv.- D-Sp-º-≥tNm-e- Xm-eq-°n¬- ]q-∏m-d- hn-t√-Pn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- C-Xn-s‚- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 12.-817 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.- A-Xy-]q¿-h-am-b-tNm-e-∏p¬-ta-Sv- B-hm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- C-hn-sS-bp-≈-Xv.- 2003em-Wv- B-\-ap-Sn-t®m-e- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv.- a-d-bq¿-hn-t√-Pn-se- a-∂-h-≥tNm-e,- C-Sn-h-c-t®m-e,-]p-√-c-Sn-t®m-e- F-∂o- `m-K-ß-fm-Wv- B-\-ap-Sn-t®m-e-bn-ep-≈-Xv.- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 7.-5 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-am-b- s]-cn-bm¿- ssS-K¿- dn-k¿-hn-\v- 925 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≠v- (ap-ºv- 777.-54 N.-In.-ao.-)- 1895¬- X-an-gv-\m-ń-se- Nn-e- ]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬- P-ew- e-`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\v- s]-cn-bm-dn¬- A-W-s°-´v- \n¿-an-®-tXm-sS-bm-Wv- tX-°-Sn- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- N-cn-Xw- B-cw- n-°p-∂-Xv.- A-W-s°-ń¬- sh-≈w- \n-d-™-t∏mƒ- ap-ßn-t∏m-b-kzm-`m-hn-I- h-\-ß-fn-se- a-c-ßƒ- ap-dn-®p-

am-‰n-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- h-≥km-º-Øn-I- t\-´w-D-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬,- a-cw- ap-dn-°p-tºmƒ- h-\y-Po-hn-Iƒ- B- ]-tZ-iw- D-t]-£n-®p-t]m-Im-\n-S-bp-≠v- F-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv-A-[n-Ir-X¿- a-c-ßƒ- ap-dn-t°-≠- F-∂p- Xo-cp-am-\n-®-Xv.- A-ß-s\,- h-\y-Po-hn- \n-_n-U-am-bn-cp-∂- tX-°-Sn- ]-tZ-iw- A-tX-co-Xn-bn¬-Xp-S-cp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-W-s°-ń¬- sh-≈-ap-b¿-∂v- s]-cn-bm¿- X-Sm-Iw- cq-]w-sIm-≠-t∏mƒ- P-ew- kp-e-`-am-b-Xn-\m¬- h-\y-Po-hn-Iƒ- X-Sm-I-°-c-bn¬- tI-µo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

1899¬- s]-cn-bm¿- X-Sm-I-Xo-c-sØ- h-\-]-tZ-i-ß-sf- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn- "-s]-cn-bm¿- te-°v- dn-k¿-hv-'- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-®p.- 1933¬- s]-cn-bm¿- te-°v- dn-k¿-hn-s‚- sK-bnw- hm¿-U-\m-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰- F-kv.-kn.-F-®v- tdm-_n-≥k-Wn-s‚- ip-]m¿-i- ]-Im-cw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿-a-lm-cm-Pm-hv- io-Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ- 1934¬-"-s\-√n-°mw-s]-ń- sK-bnw- km-Mv-Nz-dn-'- F-∂-t]-cn¬- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw- ÿm-]n-®p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- Nn-e- ]-tZ-i-ßƒ-Iq-Sn- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn- kw-c-£n-X-ta-J-e-bp-sS- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xp.- kzm-X-¥ym-\-¥-cw- 1950¬- "-s]-cn-bm¿- ssh¬-Uv- sse-^v- km-Mv-Nz-dn-'- F-∂v- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xp.- C-¥y-bn-se- I-Sp-hm- kw-c-£-W- ]-≤-Xn-bn¬- (t]m-P-Iv-Sv-ssS-K¿-)- s]-cn-bm¿- k-t¶-X-hpw- 1979¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn.- 1991¬- C-hn-sS- t]m-P-Iv-Sv- F-en-^-‚ v- ]-≤-Xn-bpw- \-S-∏m-°n.- B-\,- I-Sp-h-F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- C-hn-S-sØ- ]-[m-\-ar-K-ßƒ.-a-e-ap-g-°n- th-gm-º-em-Wv- ]-£n-I-fn¬- ]-[m-\w.- hn-hn-[-bn-\w- am-\p-Iƒ,- I-c-Sn,- Im-´p-t]m-Øv- F-∂n-h-bv-°p-]p-d-ta- \n-c-h-[n- A-]q¿-h-bn-\w- P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-fm-epw- k-ar-≤-am-Wv- Cu- h-\-]-tZ-iw.- C-¥y-bn-se- ]-Øm-a-sØ- I-Sp-hm- k-t¶-X-am-b- C-Xn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- tX-°-Sn-bm-Wv.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬,- C-hn-sS- am-X-am-Wv- I-Sp-h-sb- kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xv.- 900 ap-X¬- 2000ao-‰¿-h-sc-bm-Wv- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-Øn-ep-≈-

]-tZ-i-ß-fp-sS- D-b-cw.- G-‰-hpw- D-b-c-ap-≈-`m-K-am-b- tIm-´-a-e-bp-sS- D-b-cw- 2016 ao-‰-dm-Wv.- i-cm-i-cn- hm¿-jn-I- a-g-e-`y-X- 1700 an-√o-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-

tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- sX-t°-b-‰-Øp-≈- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-am-Wv- s\-øm¿.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- Pn-√-bn¬- Im-´m-°-S- Xm-eq-°n-em-Wv- km-Mv-Nz-dn.- kw-c-£n-X- ta-J-e-bp-sS- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 128 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.- s\-øm-dn-s‚-bpw- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-I-fm-b- ap-√-bm-dn-s‚-bpw- I-√m-dn-s‚-bpw- X-S-]-tZ-i-Øm-Wv- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-Xw- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.- 1958 B-K-kv-Xv- B-dn-\v- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- A-K-kv-Xy-Iq-Sw,- tNm-‰p-]m-d,-h-c-bm-Sp-ap-Sn- F-∂o- ]-tZ-i-ßƒ- s\-øm¿- k-t¶-X-Øn-ep-≠v.- B-dp- hy-Xy-kv-X-bn-\w- Im-Sp-I-fm-Wv- a-s‰m-cp-]-tXy-I-X.- Pn-√-bn-se- ]-[m-\- hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c- tI-µ-am-b- s\-øm¿-Umw- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bp-sS- I-hm-S-Øn-em-Wv.- No-¶-Æn-I-fp-sS-hw-i-\m-iw- X-S-bp-∂-Xn-\v- 1976¬- kw-ÿm-

\- h-\w-h-Ip-∏v- s\-øm¿-Um-an-\-cn-In¬- No-¶-Æn- h-f¿-Ø¬- tI-µw- Xp-S-ßn.- knw-l-ßƒ- kz-X-¥-am-bn- hn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xv- \n-co-£n-°m-≥ ku-I-cy-ap-≈- e-b-¨- k-^m-cn-]m¿-°v- C-hn-sS-bp-≠v.- i-cm-i-cn- hm¿-jn-I-a-g-e-`y-X- 2800 an-√o-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-39 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ßƒ,- 176 C-\w- ]-£n-Iƒ,- 30 C-\w-D-c-K-ßƒ,- 17 C-\w- D-`-b-Po-hn-Iƒ- 40 C-\w-a-’y-ßƒ- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- km-∂n-[yw- C-hn-sS- I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- I-Sp-h,- ]p-en,- I-c-Sn,-B-\- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv- km-[m-c-W- I-≠p-h-cp-∂- k-kv-X-\-ßƒ.-

Xr-»q¿,-X-e-∏n-≈n- Xm-eq-°p-I-fn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- ]o-®n- -hm-gm-\n- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bp-sS-hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 125 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-1958 B-K-kv-Xv- B-dn-\v- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- aq-∂p-X-cw- Im-Sp-I-fm-Wv-C-hn-sS-bp-≈-Xv.- Xr-»q-cn¬-\n-∂v- 20 In-tem-ao-‰¿- Zq-sc-bm-bn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- D-b-cw- 45 ap-X¬- 900 ao-‰¿-h-sc-bm-Wv.- i-cm-i-cn-3000 an-√o-ao-‰¿- a-g- ]-Xn-h¿-jw- e- n-°p-∂p.- ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂- k-ky-P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-fm¬- k-º-∂-am-b- C-hn-sS-39 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fp-≠v.- I-Sp-h,- ]p-en,- I-c-Sn,- B-\- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- C-hn-sS- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- k-kv-X-\-ßƒ.-

]m-e-°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se- Nn-‰q¿- Xm-eq-°n-em-Wv- ]-d-ºn-°p-fw- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw.-1962 Pq-em-bv- 24\v- C-Xv- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- 1973 ^n-_-h-cn- 12\v- ]-d-ºn-°p-fw- F-∂v- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xp.- 285 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≈- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- Xp-W-°-S-hm-Wv.- tI-c-f-Øn-em-Wv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-sX-¶n-epw- X-an-gv-\m- n-se- s]m-≈m-®n-bn-eq-sS- am-X-ta- C-hn-sS- ]-th-in-°m-≥ I-gn-bq.- ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂- k-ky-P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-fm¬- k-º-∂-am-Wv- ]-d-ºn-°p-fw.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- km-Mv-Nz-dn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-´p-t]m-Øp-I-fp-≈-Xv- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv.- G-jy-bn-se-G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- tX-°p-a-c-am-b- I-∂n-a-cw- Cu- kv-Mv-Nz-dn-bn-em-Wv.- G-I-tZ-iw- 360

h¿-j-am-Wv- C-Xn-s‚- ]-g-°w.- 1400 ap-X¬-2300 an-√n-ao-‰¿-h-sc- hm¿-jn-I- a-g-e-`y-X-bp-≈- ]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wv- C-hn-sS-bp-≈-Xv.- 300 ap-X¬- 1440 ao-‰¿-h-sc-bm-Wv- ]-tZ-i-Øn-s‚-D-b-cw.- 1438 ao-‰¿- D-b-c-ap-≈- I-cn-a-e- ]-[m-\- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bm-Wv.- P-em-i-b-Øn-te-°v- ]-Xn-°p-∂- Xp-ssh-bm¿- sh-≈-®m-´w- C-hn-Sp-sØ- H-cp- ]-[m-\- B-I¿-j-W-am-Wv.- Hu-j-[-k-ky-kw-_-‘-am-b- H-cp- sU-tam- Km¿-U-\pw- B-[p-\n-I-co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- ssh¬-Uv-sse-^v- C-‚¿-]-t´-j-≥ sk-‚-dpw- C-hn-sS-H-cp-°n-bn-´p-≠v.-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬-H-cp- Pn-√-bp-sS- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- h-b-\m-Sv- km-Mv-Nz-dn- am-X-am-Wv.- 344.-4 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bn-bp-≈- C-Xn-\v- kw-ÿm-\-sØ- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬- h-ep-∏-Øn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-ap-≠v.-kp¬-Øm-≥ _-tØ-cn-bm-Wv- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w.- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bp-sS- In-S-∏v- c-≠p- `m-K-ß-fm-bn-´m-Wv.- H-cp- `m-Kw- ap-Ø-ß- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-sa-∂pw- a-t‰-Xv- t_-Kq¿- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-sa-∂pw- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- \o-e-Kn-cn- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hn-s‚- m-K-am-Wv- h-b-\m-Sv- k-t¶-Xw.- 1973em-Wv- h-b-\m-ń-se- h-\-]-tZ-iw- kw-c-£n-X-ta-J-e-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv.- 1984 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 15\v- kz-bw-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-c-ap-≈- ssh¬-Uv- sse- v- Un-hn-j-\m-bn- cq-]w-sIm-≠p.- X-an-gv-\m-ń-se- ap-Xp-a-sse- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-hpw- I¿-Wm-S-I-Øn-se- _-µn-∏q¿- ssS-K¿-dn-k¿-hpw- \m-K¿-tlm-f- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-hpw-h-b-\m-Sv- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bp-am-bn- A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂p.- ap-Ø-ß-bn¬- ]-e- ÿ-e-ß-fn-epw- B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS- Xm-h-f-ß-fp-≠v.- ]-g-»n-cm-P- _n- o-jp-Im¿-s°-Xn-sc- \-S-Øn-b-[o-c-am-b- t]m-cm-´-Øn-s‚- th-Zn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-Cu- a-e-\n-c-Iƒ.- 650 ap-X¬- 1150 ao-‰¿-h-sc-D-b-c-ap-≈- ]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wv- C-hn-sS-bp-≈-Xv.-G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b- ]-tZ-i-am-b- I-tcm-ń-a-e-bp-sS- D-b-cw- 1158 ao-‰-dm-Wv.- i-cm-i-cn- 2000an-√n-ao-‰¿- a-g- h¿-jw-tXm-dpw- e- n-°p-∂p.- sN-dp-]p-g,- _m-h-en-∏p-g,- I-_-\n,- I-Æm-cw-]p-g-Xp-S-ßn-b- P-e-]-hm-l-ß-fp-sS- X-S-]-tZ-i-Øm-Wv- Cu- k-t¶-Xw.- tX-°v,- Xm-∂n,- Cu-ń- ap-X-em-b- hr-£-ß-fm¬- \n-_n-U-am-b-Cu- ]-tZ-i-Øv- B-\,- I-Sp-h,- am-≥,- Ip-c-ßv- Xp-S-ßn- \m¬-]-Ø-t©m-fw- C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fpw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bn¬- sXm-Sp-]p-g,- D-Sp-º-≥tNm-e- Xm-eq-°p-I-fn¬- hym-]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂- C-Sp-°n- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-Øn-\v- 105.-364 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- (ap-ºv- 70)- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≠v.- C-Sp-°n- P-e-kw-`-c-Wn-°p-Np-‰p-ap-≈- ]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wv- C-Xn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- 1976 ^n-_-h-cn- 9\m-Wv- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv.- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- ss]-\m-hm-Wv.- 400 ap-X¬-1272 ao-‰¿- h-sc-bm-Wv- Cu- k-t¶-X-Øn-se-

]-tZ-i-ß-fp-sS- D-b-cw.- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b- m-Kw- h-©p¿- ta-Sm-Wv- (1272 ao.-).- i-cm-i-cn- 3800 an-√n-ao-‰¿- a-g- e-`n-°p-∂p.- s]-cn-bm-dpw- sN-dp-tXm-Wn-bm-dp-am-Wv- k-t¶-X-]-tZ-i-Øn-eq-sS- H-gp-Ip-∂- ]-[m-\- \-Zn-Iƒ.-33 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≈- C-Sp-°n- P-e-kw- -c-Wn-bpw- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- m-K-am-Wv.- tX-°v,- Cu-ń- Xp-S-ßn-b- a-c-ßƒ-\n-d-™-Cu- ]-tZ-iw- k-ky-Pm-e- ssh-hn-[yw-sIm-≠v- A-Xn-k-º-∂-am-Wv.- B-\,- am-≥,- Ip-c-ßv,-Ip-dp-°-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- I-≠p-h-cp-∂- k-kv-X-\-ßƒ.-

F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Pn-√-bn-se- tIm-X-aw-K-ew-Xm-eq-°n-se- Ip-´-ºp-g- td-©n-se- a-e-bm-‰q¿- dn-k¿-hv- h-\-`m-K-Øm-Wv- X-t´-°m-Sv- ]-£n-k-t¶-Xw.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]-Y-a- ]-£n-k-t¶-X-am-b- C-Xn-s‚- ]-tXy-I-X- B-Zy-am-bn- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®-Xv- ]-i-kv-X- Hm¿-Wn-tØm-f-Pn-Ãm-b- tUm.-km-enw- A-en-bm-Wv.-]-£n-k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 25.-16 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.- 1983 B-K-kv-Xv- 27\v-kw-c-£n-X- ta-J-e-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- 35ap-X¬- 488 ao-‰¿-h-sc- D-b-c-ap-≈- ]-tZ-i-ßƒ-Cu- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- m-K-am-Wv.- 1400 ap-X¬-2300 an-√o-ao-‰¿-h-sc- a-g- e-`n-°p-∂p.- s]-cn-bm¿,- C-S-a-e-bm¿- \-Zn-I-fp-am-bn- tN¿-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- N-Xp-∏p-]-tZ-i-ßƒ- k-t¶-X-Øn-epƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.- C-Xn-s‚- H-cp-`m-Kw- q-X-Øm-≥sI-´v- A-W-s°-´v- h-∂-t∏mƒ- A-Xn¬- ap-ßn-t∏m-bn.- D-jv-W-ta-J-e- \n-Xy-l-cn-X- h-\-ßƒ,- D-jv-W-ta-J-e- A¿-[-˛-\n-Xy-l-cn-X-h-\-ßƒ,- Cu¿-∏-ap-≈- C-e-s]m-gn-bpw-h-\-ßƒ- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- C-hn-sS- Im-Wp-∂- k-ky-Pm-ew.- 34 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fpw- 270 C-\w- ]-£n-I-fpw- C-hn-sS-bp-≠v.-

Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- Pn-√-bn¬- s\-Sp-a-ßm-Sv- Xm-eq-°n-em-Wv- t]-∏m-d- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw.- 53 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xr-Xn.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- \-K-c-Øn-epw- ]-cn-k-c-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-epw- ip-≤-P-ew- ]-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂- A-cp-hn-°-c- A-W-s°-ń-te-°v- sh-≈-sa-Øn-°m-≥ I-c-a-\-bm-dn-\p-Ip-dp-sI- t]-∏m-d-bn¬- 1983¬- H-cp- _-^¿- Umw- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®p.- C-Xn-s‚- P-e-kw-`-c-Wn-°p- Np-‰p-ap-≈- ]-tZ-i-ßƒ- A-tX- h¿-jw- Un-kw-_¿- 21\v- kw-c-£n-X-ta-J-e-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- B-dp-X-cw- hy-Xy-kv-X- Im-Sp-Iƒ- C-hn-sS-bp-≠v.- t]-∏m-d-bpw- k-ao-]-Øp-≈- s]m-≥ap-Sn- kp-J-hm-k-tI-µ-hpw-[m-cm-fw- k-©m-cn-I-sf- B-I¿-jn-°p-∂p.-100ap-X¬- 1717 ao-‰¿-h-sc- D-b-c-ap-≈- Cu- ]-tZ-i-Øv- 2500 an-√o-ao-‰¿- a-g- e-`n-°p-∂p.- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b- m-K-am-b- sN-Ωp-©n-sam-´-bp-sS-D-b-cw- 1717 ao-‰-dm-Wv.- A-Xn-cp-a-e-(1594ao.-),-B-dp-ap-Jw- Ip-∂v- (1457 ao.-),- tIm-hn¬-tX-cn-a-e- (1313 ao.-)- F-∂n-h-bpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b-`m-K-ß-fm-Wv.- 5.-82 N.-In.-ao.-hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≈-t]-∏m-d- P-e-kw- -c-Wn-bpw- k-t¶-X-Øn-epƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.- 43 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fpw- 233 C-

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 5

\w- ]-£n-I-fpw- 46 C-\w- D-c-K-ß-fpw- I-s≠-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-≈- Cu- k-t¶-X-Øn¬- I-Sp-h,-]p-en,- I-c-Sn,- B-\,- Ip-c-ßv- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv-km-[m-c-W- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- k-kv-X-\-ßƒ.-I-c-a-\-bm-dpw- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-I-fp-am-Wv- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-Øn-\v- P-e-km-∂n-[yw- ]-I-cp-∂-Xv.-

C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bp-sS- h-S-t°-b-‰-Øv- X-an-gv-\m-Sv- A-Xn¿-Øn-tbm-Sv- tN¿-∂p-In-S-°p-∂-Nn-∂m¿- H-cp- a-g-\n-g¬- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv.- 90.-44N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰-dn¬- hym-]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂-h-\-]-tZ-i-ßƒ- 1984 B-K-kv-Xv- 4\m-Wv- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv.- Nn-∂m-dm-Wv- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w.- Nm-º¬- a-e-b-Æm-≥ (Grizzledgiant squirrel) F∂ A]q¿-h-Po-hn- C-hn-S-sØ- ]-tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.- \-£-X- B-a-bm-Wv- a-s‰m-cp- ]-[m-\- Po-hn.- a-bn-ep-Iƒ- C-hn-sS- [m-cm-f-ap-≠v.- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- A-[n-I-`m-K-hpw- C-e-s]m-gn-bpw- h-\-ß-fm-Wv.- C-hn-sS- N-µ-\- a-c-ß-fpw- D-≠v.- ]m-ºm¿- \-Zn- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bn-eq-sS- H-gp-Ip-∂p.- X-an-gv-\m-ń-se- B-\-a-sse- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-hp-am-bn- Nn-∂m¿- k-t¶-Xw- A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂p.- 500 ap-X¬- 2400 ao-‰¿-h-sc- D-b-c-Øn-ep-≈- ]-tZ-i-ßƒ- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv.- 2144 ao-‰¿- D-b-c-ap-≈- tIm-´-sIm-ºp-a-e-bm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b- `m-Kw.-100 an-√n-ao-‰¿-am-Xw- a-g- e-`n-°p-∂- Cu- k-t¶-Xw- a-g-e- y-X-bp-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- kw-ÿm-\-sØ- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]n-∂n-em-Wv.- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- knw-l-`m-K-hpw- ]p¬-ta-Sp-I-fm-Wv.- Nn-e-`m-K-ßƒ-tNm-e- ]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wv.- 34 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fpw- 245 C-\w- ]-£n-I-fpw- C-hn-sS-bp-≠v.-B-\,- ]p-≈n-am-≥,- ]m-¥¿,- l-\p-am-≥ Ip-c-ßv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- Im-Wp-∂- k-kv-X-\-ßƒ.-

sIm-√w- Pn-√-bn-se- G-I- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-am-Wv- ]-Ø-\m-]p-cw- Xm-eq-°n¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- sN-¥p-cp-Wn.- 1984 B-K-kv-Xv-25\v- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 171 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.- Ip-f-Øp-∏p-g- dn-k¿-hv- h-\-Øn-s‚-`m-K-am-b- C-hn-sS- \m-ep-X-cw- Im-Sp-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.- sX-∑-e- A-W-s°-ń-s‚- (]-c-∏m-d-Umw-)- P-e-kw- -c-Wn-bpw- ]-cn-k-c-h-\-ß-fpw-C-Xn-s‚- kw-c-£n-X-ta-J-e-bn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Spw.-sN-¥p-cp-Wn- a-c-ßƒ (Ghuta travancorica)[mcm-f-am-bn- h-f-cp-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv- B- t]-cp- e-`n-®-Xv.- C-hn-sS- tX-°p- h-f-cm-dn-√.- sN-¥p-cp-Wn,- Ip-f-Øp-∏p-g,- I-gp-Xp-cp- n-bm¿- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- Cu- k-t¶-X-Øn-eq-sS- H-gp-Ip-∂- P-e-]-hm-l-ßƒ.- C-h- tbm-Pn-®m-Wv- I-√-S-bm¿- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- 34 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fpw- 245 C-\w- ]-£n-I-fpw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- Cu- ]-tZ-iw- 2600 ap-X¬- 3000 an-√o-ao-‰¿-h-sc- a-g- e-`n-°p-∂p.- 100 ap-X¬- 1550

ao-‰¿-h-sc-bm-Wv- D-b-cw.- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b- `m-K-am-b- B-gv-hm¿-Ip-dn-®n-°v- 1550 ao-‰-dm-Wv- D-b-cw.-

Xr-»q¿- Pn-√-bn-se- ap-Ip-µ-]p-cw- Xm-eq-°n-em-Wv- Nn-Ωn-\n- km-Mv-Nz-dn.- 85.-067 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≈- (ap-ºv- 75)- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- F-®n-∏m-d-bm-Wv.- 1984 B-K-kv-Xv- 25\v-km-Mv-Nz-dn-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- D-jv-W-ta-J-e- \n-Xy-l-cn-X- h-\-ßƒ,- D-jv-W-ta-J-e-A¿-[- -\n-Xy-l-cn-X- h-\-ßƒ,- Cu¿-∏-ap-≈-C-e-s]m-gn-bpw-h-\-ßƒ- F-∂o- aq-∂p-X-cw-h-\-ß-fp-≈- Cu- ta-J-e-bn¬- hn-hn-[-bn-\w-Ip-c-ßp-I-fpw- I-Sp-h,-]p-en- Xp-S-ßn-b- h-\y-Po-hn-I-fpw- [m-cm-f-ap-≠v.- 40 ap-X-¬ 1110ao‰¿hsc DbcØnemWv ]tZißƒ.G‰hpw DbcwIqSnb `mKw ]p≠sImSpapSn (1116 ao.). 2980 an√oao‰dmWvicmicn age`yX. NnΩn\n \Zn°vIpdpsI AWs°´v \n¿an®Xns‚êambn cq]wsIm≠Xpw 10 N.In.ao.hnkvXo¿Wap≈Xpamb Pekw`cWnbpwCu kt¶XØns‚ `mKamWv.

IÆq¿ Pn√bnse Htcsbmcph\yPohn kt¶XamWv Xet»cn- Xm-eq-°n-ep-≈- B-d-fw.- 1984 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 15\m-Wv- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv.- 55 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww.- 650ap-X¬- 1150 ao-‰¿-h-sc- D-b-c-Øn-em-Wv- C-Xv-ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.- 3700 ap-X¬- 5000h-sc-an-√n-ao-‰-dm-Wv- i-cm-i-cn- a-g-e-`y-X.- No-¶-Æn-∏p-g-bm-Wv- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- sX-°p- m-K-sØ-]-[m-\- P-e-tkm-X- .- \-cn-°-S-hv- tXm-Sv,-

hpw- hn-t\m-Z- k-©mcnIsf [mcmfambnChntS°v BI¿jn°p∂p.

tIcfw c≠v _tbmkv^nb¿dnk¿hpIfpsS ]cn[nbn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂p.1986 sk]vXw_¿ H∂n\vbps\kvtImbpsS Man and BiosphereProgramme s‚ `m-K-am-bn- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-\o-e-Kn-cn- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hv- C-¥y-bn-se- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- B-Zy- kw-cw- -am-Wv.-5520.-40 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≈- C-Xv- tI-c-fw,- X-an-gv-\m-Sv,- I¿-Wm-S-Iw-F-∂o- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-em-bn- hym-]n-®p- In-S-°p-∂p.- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°pw- h-b-\m-Sv- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bpw- tI-c-f-Øn-se-a-‰p- Nn-e- h-\-]-tZ-i-ß-fpw- C-Xn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv.- 1455.-40 N.-In.-ao.-]-tZ-i-am-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂v- Cu- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

2001 \-hw-_¿- 12\v- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- A-K-kv-Xy-a-e- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hv- tI-c-f-Øn¬-am-X-am-bn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p.- s\-øm¿,-t]-∏m-d,-sN-¥p-cp-Wn- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-ß-fpw- A-®-≥tIm-hn¬,- sX-∑-e,- tIm-∂n,- ]p-\-eq¿- Xp-S-ßn-b- k-ao-]-sØ- Nn-e- t^m-d-Ãv- Un-hn-j-\p-I-fn-se- h-\-]-tZ-i-ß-fpw- A-K-kv-Xy-a-e- _-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- ]m¿-°pw- C-Xn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Spw.- 1828 N.-In.-ao.- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv- Cu- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

h\yPohnIƒtI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\-ßƒ- \m-\m-hn-[-Øn-

ep-≈- h-\y-Po-hn-I-fm¬- k-º-∂-am-Wv.- C-h-bn¬- ]-[m-\-s∏-´- H-cp- hn-`m-K-am-Wv- k-kv-X-\-ßƒ.- B-\- ap-X¬- ap-b¬-h-sc-bp-≈-k-ky-`p-°p-I-fpw- I-Sp-h- ap-X¬- Im-´p-]q-®-h-sc-bp-≈- amw-k-t`m-Pn-I-fpw- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-ssh-hn-[yw- tI-c-fo-b- h-\-ß-sf- ]-Ir-Xn-\n-co-£¿-°v- B-th-iw- ]-I-cm-≥ ]-cym-]v-X-am-Wv.-

s]-cn-bm¿- ssS-K¿- dn-k¿-hn¬- B-\-°q--ß-sf- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bpw.-

I-c-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- k-kv-X-\-am-Wv-B-\.- `q-ap-J-Øv- C-t∏mƒ- c-≠p-X-cw- B-\-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv- - B-^n-°-≥ B-\-bpw- G-jy-≥ B-\-bpw.- c-≠m-a-tØ-Xm-Wv- C-¥y-bn-ep-≈-Xv.- B-^n-°-≥ B-\-I-fn¬- B-Wn-\pw-s]-Æn-\pw- \o-≠- sIm-ºp-≠v.- B-^n-°-≥ B-Wm-\-bv-°v- s]m-°w- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-Xn-aq-∂v- A-Sn-tbm-fw- h-bv-°m-dp-≠v.-C-¥y-≥ sIm-º-\m-\-bv-°v- ]-Ø-c- A-Sn-bpw.-C-¥y-bn-epw- io-e-¶-bn-epw- sIm-ºn-√m-Ø-B-Wm-\-I-fp-≠v.- C-Xn-s\- tam-g- F-∂m-Wp-]-d-bp-∂-Xv.-

B-sI- \m-ev- ]-√p-I-fm-Wv- B-\-bv-°p-≈-Xv.- B-\-bp-sS- sIm-ºv- A-Xn-s‚- D-fn-∏-√n-\v- cq-]m-¥-c-Ww- kw-`-hn-®-Xm-Wv.- Nn-e-B-\-I-fn¬- sIm-ºv- c-≠-c- ao-‰-tdm-fw- h-f-cm-dp-≠v.- C-Xn-\p-≈n¬- a-÷-bpw- c-‡-[-a-\n-I-fp-a-S-ßn-b- H-cp- hn-S-hp- Im-Wmw.- Cu-hn-S-hv- I-ta-W- t\¿-Øv- sIm-ºn-s‚- A-©n-sem-cp- m-Kw- _m-°n-bn-cn-s°- A-h-km-\n-°p-∂p.- ]n-Sn-bm-\-bp-sS- sIm-ºv- 20 sk-‚o-ao-‰-dn-te-sd- h-f-cm-dn-√.- C-Xn-s\- tX-‰-sb-∂m-Wv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- aq-°pw- ta¬-®p-≠pw- cq-]-]-cn-Wm-a-Øn-\v- hn-t[-b-am-b-Xm-Wv- Xp-ºn-ss°.-

B-^n-°-≥ B-\-bv-°m-Wv- B-bp- v- Iq-Sp-X¬.- B-\-bp-sS- B-bp- v- 70 ap-X¬- 80h¿-jw- h-sc-bm-Wv.- 13 -14 h-b- m-Ip-tºmƒ-]m-b-]q¿-Øn-bm-Ipw.- G-‰-hpw- \o-≠- K¿-`-Im-e-ap-≈- k-kv-X-\w- G-jy-≥ B-\-bm-Wv.-K¿- -Im-ew,- in-ip- B-Wm-bm¬- 22 am-k-hpw-s]-Æm-bm¬- 18 am-k-hp-am-Wv.- a-‰p- \m¬-°m-en-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn- B-\-bp-sS- ap-e-Iƒ- A-Xn-s‚- ap-≥ Im-ep-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-em-Wv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.-

\n-c-h-[n- ]-tXy-I-X-I-fp-≈- Po-hn-bm-Wv-B-\.- I-c-bn-se- ar-K-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- i-

Ip-dp-°-tØm-Sv,- ao-≥ap-ń-tØm-Sv- F-∂n-h- D-Ø-c-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂v- sX-t°m-s´m-gp-In- No-¶-Æn-∏p-g-bn¬- tN-cp-∂p.- hn-hn-[-bn-\w- ]-£n-I-fp-sS- km-∂n-[yw-sIm-≠v- k-º-∂-am-Wv- B-d-fw.- 188 C-\w- ]-£n-Iƒ- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- B-d-f-Øv- 23 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fp-ap-≠v.- B-\,-I-Sp-h,- ]p-≈n-am-≥,- Ip-c-ßv- F-∂n-h-sb- C-hn-sS- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- Im-Wm-≥ km-[n-°pw.-

sIm-®n- \-K-c-Øn-s‚- lr-Z-b- m-K-Øm-Wv-aw-K-f-h-\w- Zzo-]v.- 2004¬- ]-£n- k-t¶-X-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-°-s∏- - C-Xv- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-am-Wv.- 0.-0274 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv- hn-kv-Xr-Xn.-I-≠¬-°m-Sp-I-fpw- a-c-ß-fpw- \n-d-™v- kzm-`m-hn-I- h-\-]-tZ-i-am-bn- am-dn-b- Cu- Zzo-]v-tZ-im-S-\-∏-£n-Iƒ- Dƒ-s∏-sS- hn-hn-[-bn-\w-]-£n-I-fp-sS- A-`-b- k-t¶-X-am-Wv.- h-º-≥hm-h-ep-I-sf-bpw- C-hn-sS- Im-Wmw.- ]-£n-I-sf-°q-Sm-sX- Nn-e-¥n-I-fm-Wv- aw-K-f-h-\-Øn-se- a-s‰m-cp- B-I¿-j-Ww.-

2006 H-Iv-tSm-_-dn¬- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- Ip-dn-™n-a-e- km-Mv-Nz-dn- C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv.-12 h¿-j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬- ]q-°p-∂- \o-e-°p-dn-™n- (kv-sSm-_n-em-¥-kv- Ip-¥n-bm-\-kv-)-I-fp-sS- kw-c-£-Wm¿-Y-am-Wv- km-Mv-Nz-dn-ÿm-]n-®-Xv.- tZ-hn-Ip-fw- Xm-eq-°n-se- sIm-´m-°-ºq¿,-h-´-h-S- hn-t√-Pp-I-fn-se- 32 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

tZ-io-b- ]-£n-bm-b- a-bn-en-s‚- (im-kv-X-\m-aw- ]m-thm- In-Ãm-‰-kv-)- kw-c-£-Wm¿-Yw- 2007¬- ]m-e-°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se- Nq-f-∂q-cn-se- 3.-42 N-Xp-c-i-In-tem-ao-‰¿- ]-tZ-iw- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- a-bn-en-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈- B-Zy- km-Mv-Nz-dn-bm-Wn-Xv.- Nq-f-∂q¿-˛- a-t√-i-aw-K-ew- h-\-ß-fm-Wv-tI-c-f-Øn¬- a-bn-en-s‚- ]-[m-\- B-hm-k-tI-µw.-

tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se- sIm-bn-em-≠n-Xm-eq-°n-se- Nm-°n-´-∏m-d,- Iq-cm-®p-≠v- hn-t√-Pp-I-fn-em-bn- 74.-21 N.-In.-ao.- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- hym-]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂- a-e-_m¿- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw- \o-e-Kn-cn- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿-dn-k¿-hn-s‚-bpw- h-b-\m-Sv- F-en-^-‚ v- dn-k¿-hn-s‚-bpw- `m-K-am-Wv.- 2010˛-em-Wv- k-t¶-Xw-\n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv.- Ip-‰ym-Sn- \-Zn-bp-sS- X-S-]-tZ-i-ßƒ- k-t¶-X-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv.- C-cp-\q-dn-e-[n-Iw- C-\w- Hu-j-[-k-ky-ßƒ- Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈- k-ky-Pm-e-ß-fm¬- k-º-∂-am-b- C-hn-sS- 43 C-\w- k-kv-X-\-ß-fpw- 179 C-\w- ]-£n-I-fpw- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂p.- s]-cp-h-Æm-ap-gn,- I-°-bw- A-W-s°-´p-I-tfm-S-\p-_-‘-am-bn- C-t°m-Sq-dn-kw- ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ- ÿm-]n-®n-´p-≠v.- A-h-bpw- D-c-°p-gn- sh-≈-®m-´-

6 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

‡-\m-W-Xv.- Pn-dm-^v- I-gn-™m¬- I-c-bn-se- Po-hn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sp-X¬-B-\-bv-°m-Wv.- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- sN-hn-bp-≈- Po-hn,- I-c-bn-se- ar-K-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw-Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m¬- D-ev-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- Po-hn- F-∂o- ]-tXy-I-X-I-fpw- B-\-bv-°v- kz-¥-am-Wv.- hn-c-ep-I-fn-s√-¶n-epw- B-\-bv-°v- \-J-ap-≠v.- \m-ep- Im¬-ap-´p-I-fpw- H-tc-t]m-se-a-S-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-∂- G-I- ar-K-hpw- B-\-bm-Wv.- B-\-bp-sS- B-sI- A-ÿn-Iƒ- 288 B-Wv.- B-\-bp-sS- F-√m- A-ÿn-I-fpw- ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn-se- K-hn- ayq-kn-b-Øn¬- ]-Z¿-in-∏n-®n- p-≠v.- B-\- ]-cn-io-e-\- tI-µ-sa-∂- \n-e-bn¬- ]-i-kv-X-am-Wv- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Pn-√-bn-se- tIm-S-\m-Sv.-

s]-cn-bm¿- ssS-K¿- dn-k¿-hn-em-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-Sp-h-I-fp-≈-Xv.- C-c-hn-Ip-fw-\m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°n-epw- ]-d-ºn-°p-fw- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-Øn-epw- I-Sp-h-I-sf- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bpw.- cm-Xo-©-c-\m-b- Cu- Po-hn- ]-I¬- Kp-l-I-fn-tem- \-Zo-Xo-c-ß-fn-tem- hn-i-an-°pw.- H-‰-bm-bn-´m-Wv- k-©m-cw.-

am¿-÷m-c- h¿-K-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Po-hn-bm-Wv- I-Sp-h.- C-h-bn¬- ssk-_o-cn-b-≥ I-Sp-h-bv-°m-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-en-∏w.- C-¥y-bn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- C-\w- tdm-b¬- _w-Kmƒ- ssS-K¿- F-∂- C-\-am-Wv.- ]m-s¥-d- ssS-Kn-kv- F-∂m-Wv- im-kv-X-\m-aw.-C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b-ar-K-am-Wv- I-Sp-h.- 1973˛¬-B-Wv- I-Sp-h-bv-°v- Cu- ]-Z-hn- e-`n-®-Xv.- A-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- B- ÿm-\-Øv- knw-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.-1973˛¬- C-¥ym- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- I-Sp-h-I-fp-sS-kw-c-£-Wm¿-Yw- t]m-P-Iv-Sv- ssS-K¿- F-∂-]-≤-Xn- \-S-∏m-°n.- A-Xp- ]-Im-cw- tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂v- tX-°-Sn- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-sØ- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn.- A-Xn-s\- s]-cn-bm¿- ssS-K¿- dn-k¿-hv- F-∂v- ]p-\¿-\m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xp.-

B- -I-Sp-h-Iƒ-°v- 205 - 221 In-tem-Kmw-`m-c-ap-≠m-Ipw.- s]-¨-I-Sp-h-bp-sS- i-cm-i-cn-Xq-°w- 140 In-tem-bm-Wv.- k-kv-X-\-ß-fn-se-s]m-Xp- \n-b-a-am-Wv- s]-Æn-\v- h-ep-∏w- Ip-d-™n-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv.- ar-K-ß-fp-sS- \o-f-a-f-°p-I- aq-°n-s‚- A-‰w- ap-X¬- hm-en-s‚- A-‰w- h-sc-bm-Wv.- s]m-°w- A-f-°p-I- ap-≥Im-en¬-\n-∂- Np-a¬-h-sc-bpw.- I-Sp-h-bv-°v- 13A-Sn-tbm-fw- \o-f-ap-≠m-Ipw.- 25 h-b- p-h-sc-Po-hn-®n-cn-°m-dp-≠v.-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\-ß-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂- am¿-Pm-c- h¿-K-Øn-se- a-s‰m-cp- Po-hn-bm-Wv- ]p-en.- a-c-Øn¬- I-b-dm-≥ ]p-en-tbm-fw- I-gn-hv-am¿-Pm-c-h¿-K-Øn¬- a-s‰m-cp- Po-hn-°p-an-√.-ap-Xn¿-∂- B-¨-]p-en-°v- c-≠p-ao-‰-dn-te-sd-\o-f-hpw- 70 In-tem-tKm-tam-fw- `m-c-hpw- D-≠m-Ipw.- s]-¨-]p-en-°v- s]m-°-hpw- \o-f-hpw- `m-c-hpw- Ip-d-hm-Wv.- K¿-`-Im-ew- 90 ap-X¬- 105 Zn-h-kw- h-sc-bm-Wv.- c-≠p-ap-X¬-\m-ep-h-sc- Ip-™p-ßƒ- H-cp- ]-k-h-Øn-ep-

≠m-Ipw.-]p-en-sb-bm-Wv- ]p-≈n-∏p-en-sb-∂pw- hn-

fn-°p-∂-Xv.- I-cn-ºp-en-°v- I-dp-Ø- \n-d-am-Wv.- Cu- \n-d-hy-Xym-k-Øn-\p- Im-c-Ww- \n-dw- \¬-Ip-∂- Xz-Iv-K-Ÿn-I-fp-sS- A-`m-h-am-Wv.- A-√m-sX- C-sXm-cp- ]-tXy-I- C-\-a-√.-i-≤n-®p- t\m-°n-bm¬- C-Xn-s‚- ]p-d-Øpw-A¿-[-N-µm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈- I-e-Iƒ- Im-Wmw.-am-X-a-√,- Cu- ]p-en- km-[m-c-W- ]p-en-°v-P-∑w- sIm-Sp-°m-dp-ap-≠v.- a-g- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈-Im-Sp-I-fn-em-Wv- I-cn-ºp-en-I-sf- Im-Wm-dp-≈-Xv.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- sX-∑-e,- C-c-hn-Ip-fw,- ]-d-ºn-°p-fw- `m-K-ß-fn¬- I-cn-ºp-en-Iƒ- D-≠v.-C-h-bv-°v- iu-cyw- Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv.-

]-d-ºn-°p-fw,- s\-øm¿- `m-K-ß-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂- H-cp- an-i-`p-°m-Wv- I-c-Sn- (SlothBear). I-c-Sn-bp-sS h¿-K-°m-c-\m-b- [p-h-°-c-Sn- (t]m-fm¿- _n-b¿-)- I-c-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-∏w- Iq-Sn-b- amw-k-t`m-Pn-bm-Wv.-[p-h-°-c-Sn-bp-sS- \n-dw- sh-fp-∏m-Wv.- kv-tem-Øv- _n-b-dn-\v- I-dp-∏p-\n-d-am-Wv.- c-≠-c-ap-X¬- aq-∂-Sn-tbm-f-am-Wv- I-c-Sn-bp-sS- D-b-cw.- \m-e-c- ap-X¬- A-©v- A-Sn-tbm-fw-\o-f-ap-≠m-Ipw.- `m-cw- 120 ap-X¬- 140h-sc- In-tem-Km-am-Wv.- ]-g-ßƒ,- tX-≥,- ]p-gp-°ƒ,- ]-g-ßƒ,- No-™-amw-kw,- In-g-ßp-Iƒ- C-h-bm-Wv- ]-[m-\- B-lm-cw.- I-c-Sn-bp-sS- K¿-`-Im-ew- G-gp-am-k-am-Wv.- H-cp-]-k-h-Øn¬- c-t≠m- aq-t∂m- Ip-™p-ßƒ-P-\n-°m-dp-≠v.- I-c-Sn- hn-i-an-°p-∂-Xpw-]-k-hn-®p-In-S-°p-∂-Xpw- ]m-d-bn-Sp-°p-I-fn-epw- Kp-l-I-fn-ep-am-Wv.-

tKm-h¿-K-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ar-K-am-Wv- Im-´p-t]m-Øv.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw-Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-´p-t]m-Øp-I-sf- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂-Xv- ]-d-ºn-°p-fw- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-X-Øn-em-Wv- (G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ar-K-ß-sf- \-∂m-bn- A-Sp-Øp-Im-Wm-≥ km-[n-°p-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw- ]-d-ºn-°p-f-am-Wv.- tX-°-Sn-bn¬- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- t_m-ń-en-cp-∂m-W-t√m- h-\y-Po-hn-I-sf- Im-Wp-∂-Xv.- ]-t£,- ]-d-ºn-°p-f-Øv- C-h-bp-sS- k-ao-]w- tam-t´m¿- hm-l-\-ß-fn-tem- \-S-t∂m- t]m-bn- Im-Wm-≥km-[n-°pw-).- ap-Xn¿-∂- B-¨-t]m-Øp-Iƒ-°v- I-dp-∏p-\n-d-hpw- s]-¨-t]m-Øp-Iƒ-°v- X-hn-´p-\n-d-hp-am-Wv.- ap-ń-\p-Xm-sg- h-cp-∂- sh-≈-\n-dw- B-Wn-\pw- s]-Æn-\pw- H-cn-°-epw- am-™p-t]m-In-√.- C-Xn-‚- K¿--Im-e-hpw- a-‰p-sa-√mw- ]-ip-hn-t‚-Xp-t]m-se-

X-s∂.-tI-c-f-Øn¬- am-≥h¿-K-Øn-ep-≈- \m-en-

\w- Po-hn-I-fp-≠v.- am-\n-s\-t∏m-se- I-hn-I-fp-sS- Xq-en-I-bv-°v- ]-tNm-Z-\-am-b- a-s‰m-cp-k-kv-X-\w- D-s≠-∂p- tXm-∂p-∂n-√.- I-e-am-≥ A-Y-hm- av-fm-hv- (kmw-_m¿-)- B-Wv- C-°q-´-Øn-se- G-d-d-hpw- h-ep-∏-ap-≈- C-\w.-]q¿-W-h-f¿-®-sb-Øn-b- B-Wn-\v- 200 ap-X¬-250 In-tem-Kmw- h-sc- Xq-°-ap-≠m-Ipw.- s]m-

°w- H-∂-c- ao-‰-tdm-f-am-Wv.- B-¨-am-\n-\v-H-cp- h¿-jw- ]m-b-am-bm¬- sIm-ºv- ap-f-bv-°pw.- c-t≠m- aq-t∂m- h-b- m-Ip-tºm-tg-°m-Wv- ]m-b-]q¿-Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv.-

am-\p-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- `w-Kn- Iq-Sn-b-Xv- ]p-≈n-am-\m-Wv.- C-h- Iq-´-am-bn-´m-Wv- k-©-cn-°m-dp-≈-Xv.- B-Iv-kn-kv- B-Iv-kn-kv- F-∂v-im-kv-X-\m-a-ap-≈- C-h-bp-sS- ]-[m-\- B-lm-cw- ]p-√m-Wv.- ap-Xn¿-∂- B-¨-am-\n-\v-80 ap-X¬- 90 sk-‚o-ao-‰¿-h-sc- s]m-°-ap-≠m-Ipw.- m-cw- 150 ap-X¬- 170 ]u-≠v- h-sc-bpw.- tI-g-am-≥ (_m¿-°n-Mv- Un-b¿-)- B-Wv-a-s‰m-cn-\w.- C-h- H-cn-°-epw- Iq-´-am-bn- \-S-°m-dn-√.- H-∂p-In¬- H-‰-bv-°v- A-s√-¶n¬-C-W-bp-am-bn.- tI-g-am-\n-\v- 50 ap-X¬- 60sk-‚o-ao-‰¿- s]m-°-hpw- 20 In-tem-Km-tam-fw- Xq-°-hpw- D-≠m-Ipw.- am-\p-I-fn-se- sIm-ºn-√m-Ø- C-\-am-Wv- Iq-c-am-≥ (au-kv- Un-b¿-).-

tI-c-f-Øn¬- Im-Wp-∂- \m-bv-h¿-K-Øn¬-s∏-´- \m-ep-Po-hn-I-fm-Wv- Im-´p-\m-bv- (WildDog), Ipdp°≥ AYhm Duf≥ (Jackal),Ipdp\cn (Fox), sN∂mbv (Wolf)F∂n-h.-\m-ń-se- \m-b-tbm-Sv- km-Zr-iy-ap-≈- Po-hn-bm-Wv- Im-´p-\m-b.- \-Ωp-sS- \m-ń-se- \m-b-Iƒ- Im- p-\m-b-bn¬-\n-∂pw- bq-tdm-∏n-se- \m-bv-°ƒ- sN-∂m-b-bn¬-\n-∂pw- ]-cn-W-an-®p-≠m-b-h-sb-∂m-Wv- hn-izm-kw.- Im- p-\m-b-bp-sS- K¿-`-Im-ew- 70 Zn-h-k-am-Wv.- C-h-bv-°v- 12ap-e-°-Æp-I-fp-≠v.- amw-km-lm-c-am-Wv- ]n-bw.-Ip-dp-°-≥ tIm-gn-sb-bpw- a-‰pw- sIm-∂p-Xn-∂m-dp-≠v. Ip-dp-\-cn-°v- F-en- t]m-ep-≈- sN-dn-b- Pn-hn-Iƒ- a-Xn. c-≠n-\-ß-fpw- Nn-e- ]-g-

ß-fpw- In-g-ßp-I-fpw- Xn-∂m-dp-≠v.- c-≠n-s‚-bpw- B-Ir-Xn- G-Xm-s≠m-cp-hn-[-am-Wv.- Ip-dp-°-\v- m-cw- 8˛-10 In-tem-tbm-fw- h-cpw.- Ip-dp-\-cn-°v- 2˛-3 In-tem-tb- h-cq.- H-tc- Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬-s∏- -h-bm-sW-¶n-epw- \m-b-bpw- Ip-dp-°-\pw- _-≤-i-Xp-°-fm-Wv.- tI-c-f-Øn¬-Ip-dp-°-≥am-sc- A-t]-£n-®v- Ip-dp-\-cn-Iƒ-Ip-d-hm-Wv.-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- Im-Sp-I-fn¬- sh-≈-Øn¬-I-gn-bp-∂- k-kv-X-\-ß-fm-bn- c-≠n-\-ß-tf-bp-≈q-˛- km[mcW \o¿\mbbpw (Com-mon Otter)\Jan√mØ \o¿\mbbpw(Clawless Otter). Pekw-`-c-Wn-I-fn-em-Wv-]-[m-\-am-bpw- \o¿-\m-bv-°ƒ- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw.- ao-\m-Wv- ]-[m-\- B-lm-cw.- \-J-an-√m-Ø- \o¿-\m-b-sb- Im-Wp-∂-Xv- k-ap-Z-\n-c-∏n¬-\n-∂v- B-bn-cw- ao-‰-dn-\p-ta¬- D-b-c-Øn-ep-≈- ÿ-e-ß-fn-se- B-dp-I-fn-epw- P-em-i-b-ß-fp-am-Wv.- \o¿-\m-b-tbm-Sv- A-Sp-Øp-_-‘-ap-≈- Po-hn-bm-Wv- a-c-\m-b- (NilgiriMarter).

hw-i-\m-i-Øn-s‚- h-t°m-f-sa-Øn-b- H-cp- Po-hn-h¿-K-am-Wv- h-c-bm-Sv- (\o-e-Kn-cn- Sm-K-kv-).- C-c-hn-Ip-fw- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-Øn¬- C-h- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- B-Sn-s‚- h¿-K-Øn¬-s∏-´-Xm-Wv- \o-e-Kn-cn- Xm¿- F-∂p-a-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Cu- ar-Kw.- \m-em-bn-cw- A-Sn-

°pw- F-Æm-bn-cw- A-Sn-°pw- C-S-bv-°v- D-b-c-ap-≈- ]-›n-a-L-´w- Ip-∂p-I-fn¬- C-h- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p.- ]p-√m-Wv- ]-[m-\- B-lm-cw.-Ip-™p-ß-sf- a-‰p- ar-K-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- c-£-s]-Sp-Øm-\m-bn- a-‰p-≈- ar-K-ßƒ-°v- sN-∂p-]-‰m-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-I-fn-em-Wv- Cu-B-Sp-Iƒ- ]-k-hn-°m-dp-≈-Xv.- _u-¨-\n-d-ap-≈- C-h- ]m-b-am-Ip-∂-tXm-sS- I-dp-∏p-\n-d-am-Ip-∂p.-

tI-c-f-Øn¬- sh-cp-In-s‚- C-\-Øn¬-s∏-- aq-∂p- Pm-Xn- ar-K-ß-fp-≠v.- a-c-∏- n- (Toddy

cat), sNdpshcpIv (Small Civet), ae_m¿shcpIv (Malabar Civet). IocnIfpwaq∂n\amWp≈Xv km[mcW Iocn (Com-mon Mongose), hcb≥ Iocn (StripeMongose), sN¶ocn (Brown Mongose). sh-cp-Ip-Iƒ- k-kym-lm-cw- Iq-Sp-X¬- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- Io-cn-Iƒ-°v- ap-≥K-W-\- amw-km-lm-c-Øn-\m-Wv.-

A-Æm-≥ h¿-K-Øn¬-s∏-´- aq-∂p- Po-hn-I-fm-Wv- a-e-b-Æ-m≥ (Malabar Squirrel),aq∂p hcbp≈ AÆm≥ (Three StripedSquirrel) , ]d°p∂ AÆm≥ (FlyingSquirrel) F-∂n-h.- C-h- aq-∂pw- \-∂m-bn-C-W-ßp-∂- Po-hn-I-fm-Wv.- tI-c-f-Øn-se-k-kv-X-\-ß-fn¬- sN-Xp-º-ep-≈- G-I- C-\-am-Wv- Cu-\mw-t]-®n - (Indian Pangolin). Nn-X-epw- Nn-X¬-ap-´-I-fp-am-Wv- ]-[m-\- B-lm-cw.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- k-kv-X-\-ß-fn¬- a-c-ß-fn¬- hm¬-Np-‰n- In-S-°m-\p-≈- I-gn-hv- Cu-Po-hn-°p- am-X-ta-bp-≈q.-

t]-cv- ap-≈-≥]-∂n-sb-∂m-sW-¶n-epw- ]-∂n-h¿-K-Øn¬-s∏- - Po-hn-b-√- ap-≈-≥]-∂n.-F-en-bp-sS- h¿-K-Øn¬-s∏-´- C-h-bv-°v- `q-an-Xp-c-°m-≥ F-en-sb-°m-fpw- ssh-Z-Kv-[y-ap-≠v.-tcm-a-ßƒ- cq-]m-¥-cw- ]m-]n-®-Xm-Wv- ap-≈p-Iƒ.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- F-en-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw-h-ep-Xv- s]-cp-®m-gn-bm-W- v (Bandicoot).

tIcfØnse ImSpIfn¬ G‰hpwIqSpXep≈ PohnIfnsem∂mWvIm´p]∂n (Wild Boar). G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-se-Æw- H-cp-an-®p- \-S-°p-∂- C-\-hpw- C-Xm-Wv.- ap-Xn¿-∂- B-¨-Im-´p-]-∂n-°v- aq-∂-Sn-tbm-fw- s]m-°-hpw- 200 In-tem-Km-an-te-sd-`m-c-hpw- D-≠m-Ipw.- C-Xn-s‚- tIm-º-√v- tX-‰-t]m-se- 15 sk-‚o-ao-‰¿- \o-f-Øn-\p-ta¬- ap-I-fn-te-°v- h-f-cm-dp-≠v.- \m-ep-am-k-am-Wv- K¿-`-Im-ew.- H-cp- ]-k-h-Øn¬- \m-ep-ap-X¬-B-dp-h-sc- Ip-ń-Iƒ- P-\n-°m-dp-≠v.-

]-d-°p-∂- k-kv-X-\-ß-fm-b- h-∆m-epw- \-cn-®o-dpw- tI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\-ß-fn-ep-≠v.- ]-£n-Iƒ- Xq-h¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- ]-d-°p-tºmƒ-h-∆m-ep-I-sf- ]-d-°m-≥ k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xv-N¿-a-am-Wv.- Cu- N¿-aw- ssI-hn-c-ep-I-sf-_-‘n-∏n-°p-I-bpw- Im-en-s‚- ap-Iƒ- m-K-Øp-h-®v- A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Im¬-hn-c-ep-Iƒ- kz-X-¥-am-Wv.- h-∆m-en-\v- A-c-In-tem-Km-an-e-[n-Iw- m-c-ap-≠m-Ipw.- Nn-d-Ip-hn-S¿-Øn-bm¬- \o-fw- H-cp- In-tem-ao-‰-dn-e-[n-Iw- D-≠m-Ipw.- \-cn-®o-dn-\v- h-∆m-en-s‚- Im¬-`m-Kw- h-ep-∏w- h-cn-√.-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- Im-Sp-I-fn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- Ip-c-ßp-I-fm-Wv- \m-S-≥ Ip-c-ßv- (sh-≈-°p-c-ßv-),- I-cn-¶p-c-ßv,- knw-l-hm-e-≥Ip-c-ßv- (in-¶-f-≥),- l-\p-am-≥ Ip-c-ßv- (aq-fn-bm-≥)- F-∂n-h.- \m-S-≥ Ip-c-ßv- Im-ń-epw- \m-ń-ep-ap-≠v.- \n-Xy-l-cn-X-h-\-am-Wv-in-¶-f-s‚- B-hm-k-tI-µw.- I-cn-¶p-c-ßv-\n-Xy-l-cn-X-h-\-Øn-epw- C-e-s]m-gn-bpw-Im-Sp-I-fn-ep-ap-≠m-Ipw.- l-\p-am-≥ Ip-c-ßv- h-b-\m-ń-epw- ]-d-ºn-°p-f-Øp-ap-≈- C-e-s]m-gn-bpw- Im-Sp-I-fn-te-bp-≈q.- Ip-c-ßn-t\m-Sv- km-Zr-iy-ap-≈- H-cp- Po-hn-bm-Wv- Ip-ń-tØ-hm-¶v- (tem-dn-kv-).- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Im-Sp-I-fn¬- [m-cm-f-am-bp-≈- H-cp- k-ky-`p-°m-Wv- ap-b¬.- amw-k-`p-°p-Iƒ-°v- C-h-sb- A-\m-bm-kw- th-´-bm-Sm-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂-Xv- ap-b-ep-Iƒ-°v- F-t∏m-gpw- B-bp- n-\v- ò-j-Wn-bm-Wv.-

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 7

1. The Asian country that celebrated 50the anniversary of independance in2015(a) Srilanka (b) Singapore(c) Maldives (d) Myanmar

2. In which country is FukushimaNuclear plant which reopened in2015(a) Russia (b) China(c) South Korea (d) Japan

3. Sundar Pichai has been appointedas the new CEO of(a) Google (b) Lenova(c) Micromax (d) Dell

4. The first woman Tennis player to getKhel Ratna(a) Sania Mirza (b) Ankita Raina(c) Natasha Palha(d) None of these

5. To which sports PR Sreejesh, winnerof Arjuna Award is related(a) Footbal (b) Hockey(c) Cricket (d) Tennis

6. The Deputy Secretary of All IndiaMedical Sciences who gotMagasaysay Award recently(a) Sanjeev Chathurvedi(b) Anshu Gupta(c) Deepak Sharma(d) None of these

7. The new Chairman of TelecomRegulatory Authority of India (TRAI)(a) Rahul Sharma(b) Prabhat Kumar Singh(c) RS Sharma

13. The number cities that are includedin AMRUT project (Atal Mission ofRejuvenation andUrban Transformation Scheme(a) 1000 (b) 750(d) 250 (d) 500

14. The newly appointed head ofNational Security Guards(a) RC Thayal (b) JN Chaudhary(c) Archana Sundarlingam(d) None of these

15. In which fields Charles Correa isfamous ?(a) Architect (b) Social Worker(c) Engineer (d) Doctor

16. To which organisation Sister Nirmalawho passed away recently is related(a) NBA(b) Missionaries of Charity(c) Abhaya (d) SPCA

17. On 10th September 2015 who willbecome the longest reigning femalemonarch in history ?(a) Elizabeth II (b) Elizabeth I(c) Victoria (d) Margaret

18. Who was appointed as the newAmbassador for the Tiger Conserva-tion Project?(a) Sania Mirza(b) Shah Rukh Khan(c) Sachin Tendulkar(d) None of these

19. Which group signed MOU withKerala Government to develop theVizhinjam Port ?

(a) Larson (b) Gaman(c) Adani (d) None of these

20. Ram Nath Kovind is appointed as thenew Governor of(a) Odisha (b) Maharashtra(c) Kerala (d) Bihar

21. First monument in world to havetwitter account(a) Qutbminar (b) Tajmahal(c) Lotus Temple(d) Akshardham Temple

22. To which sports Abhishek Verma isrelated ?(a) Tennis (B) Badminton(c) Hockey (d) Archery

23. The first digital state in India(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala(c) Karnataka (d) Telengana

24. Which bank launched the firstmulticurrency contactless cardservice in India ?(a) Canara (b) SBI(c) AXIS Bank (d) HSBC

25. In 2015 President appointed OmPrakash Rawat as :(a) Director of ITBP(b) RBI Governor(b) Election Commissioner(c) Information Commissioner

Answers1(b) 2(d) 3(a) 4(a) 5(b) 6(a) 7(c) 8(d) 9(a)10(b) 11(b) 12(c) 13(d) 14(a) 15(a) 16(b)17(a) 18(c) 19(c) 20(d) 21(b) 22(d) 23(b)24(c) 25(c)

1. Z£n-tW-¥-y-bnse BZ-ysØ AWp-hn-ap‡ sFkvIow ^mIvSdn Fhn-sS-bmWv Bcw-`n-®-Xv.(F) Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw(_n) ]me-°mSv(kn) Xr»q¿ (Un) sIm√w

2. \n¿Ωn-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ BXn-c-∏≈nPe-ssh-Z-ypX ]≤Xn GXv Pn√-bn-em-Wv.(F) Fd-Wm-Ipfw (_n) ]me-°mSv(kn) Xr»q¿ (Un) IÆq¿

3. Pbn¬∏p-≈n-Isf kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\vA\p-aXn \¬I-W-sa-¶n¬ B[m¿Im¿Uv \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°nb kwÿm\w(F) sXe-¶m\ (_n) B‘-]-tZiv(kn) I¿Wm-SIw (Un) Xan-gv\mSv

4. GXp-kn-\n-a-bn-se- A-`n-\-b-Øn-\m-Wv-kp-tZ-hv- \m-b¿- an-I-®- \-S-\p-≈- 2014se- kw-ÿm-\- A-hm¿-Uv- \n-hn¬- t]m-fn-bp-am-bn ]¶n-´Xv(F) _mw•q¿ sUbvkv(_n) Hcmƒs∏m°w(kn) ssa sse^v ]m¿´v\¿(Un) Hmw im¥n Hmim\

5. P\-]o-Xnbpw Iem-ta-∑-bp-ap≈ Ne-®n-X-Øn-\p≈ kwÿm\ Ahm-¿Un\vA¿l-am-bXv(F) _mw•q¿ sUbvkv(_n) Hmw im¥n Hm-im\(kn) Hcmƒs∏m°w(Un) lu HmƒUv B¿ bp

6. 2014 se kwÿm\ Ne-®nX Ahm¿Uv\n¿Wb kanXn sNb¿am≥(F) tPm¨t]mƒ (_n) cmPohv \mYv(kn) Ia¬ (Un) _me-N-µ-ta-t\m≥

7. C¥y-bp-sS- G-Xv- A-b¬- cm-Py-sØ-bm-Wv- B-dv- s^-U-d¬- bq-Wn-‰p-I-fm-bn- hn-`-Pn-°p-∂- Im-cy--Øn¬- cm-jv-So-b- ]m¿-ń-Iƒ tbmPn-∏n-se-Øn-bXv

(F) `q´m≥ (_n) aym≥am¿(kn) t\∏mƒ (Un) ]mIn-kvXm≥

8. Kq©v F-∂- k-∂-≤- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS- a-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-\m-b-Xv- --(F-)- k-Rv-Po-hv- N-Xp¿-th-Zn- -(_n-)- A-≥jp- Kp-]v-X--(kn-)- Zo-]-Iv- i¿-a- - -(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

9.- -2015 ¬- ]p-d-Øn-b-ßn-b- ssa-tIm-tkm-v-‰v- hn-≥tUm-kv- Hm-∏-td-‰n-ßv- kn-Ã-Øn-

s‚- G-‰-hpw- ]p-Xn-b- - -]-Xn-∏v--(F-)- hn-≥tUm-kv- 8 -(_n-)- hn-≥tUm-kv- 9-(kn-)- hn-≥tUm-kv- 10 -(Un-)- hn-≥tUm-kv- 11

10.- -_-bv-dp- \m-hn-tK-j-≥ km-‰-sse-‰v- kn-Ãw- hn-I-kn-∏n-®- cm-Pyw--(F-)- P-∏m-≥ -(_n-)- ssN-\--(kn-)- C-¥y- -(Un-)- d-jy-

11.- -G-Xv- \-K-c-Øn¬- h-®m-Wv- F.-]n.-sP.- A-_v-Zpƒ- I-emw- A-¥-cn-®-Xv--(F-)- Kp-h-l-Øn- -(_n-)- jn-t√m-ßv--(kn-)- Zn-kv-]q¿- -(Un-)- A-K¿-Ø-e-

12.- -s]-tSm-s\-‰n-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- am-t\-Pn-ßv- U-b-d-Iv-S¿--(F-)- B¿.-F-kv.-i¿-Ω- - -(_n-)- A-tim-Iv- Ip-am¿- _-e--ym≥(kn) ]`m-XvIp-am¿ knßv(Un) Ch-cm-cp-a√

13. Xncp-h-\-\-¥]pcw sSIvt\m-]m¿°ns‚FXmw hm¿jn-I-amWv 2015 ¬ BtLm-jn-®Xv

(F) 50 (_n) 40(kn) 25 (Un) 30

14. GXv sk≥S¬ Pbn-en¬ h®mWvbm°q_v taas\ Xq°n-te-‰n-bXv(F) U¬ln (_n) ]qs\(kn) sNss∂ (Un) \mKv]q¿

15. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ HmW-ddn tUmIvS-td-‰p-Iƒ e`n® C¥-y≥ ]kn-U‚ v(F) ]Xn`m ]mó¬(_n) ]W_v apJ¿Pn(kn) F.-]n.-sP. A_vZpƒ Iemw(Un) Ch-cm-cp-a√

16. temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb sXmgn¬ZmXmhv(F) C¥-y≥ sdbn¬sh(_n) Ata-cn-°≥ ]Xn-tcm[ hIp∏v(kn) hm¿´vam¿´v(Un) CsXm-∂p-a√

17. \mj-W¬ ssIw sdt°m¿Uvkv _yq-tdm-bpsS ]pXnb ta[mhn(F) sP.-sF≥. Nu[cn(_n) A¿®\ cma-kp-µcw(kn) AtimIv Ipam¿(Un) Ch-cm-cp-a√

18. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂v FX \K-c-ß-fmWvAarXv ]ń-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bXv(F) 15 (_n) 16(kn) 17 (Un) 18

19. bq\n-sk^v \S-Ønb temI Zmcn-Zy]T-\-Øn¬ C¥y-bnse G‰hpw Zmcn-Zyw Ipd™ kwÿm\w(F) ]©m_v- (_n) lcn-bm\(kn) tIcfw (Un) Xan-gv\mSv

20. G‰hpw Zcn-Z-amb Z£n-tW-j-y≥cmPyw(F) _w•m-tZiv (_n) t\∏mƒ(kn) ioe¶(Un) A^vKm-\n-ÿm≥

21. Bw\Ãn C‚¿\m-j-W-ens‚ FIvkn-I-yq- ohv Ub-d-IvS-dmbn \nb-an-X-\m-bXv(F) BIm¿ ]t´¬(_n) A¿®\ cma-kp-µcw(kn) B¿.-kn.-Xm-b¬(Un) Ch-cm-cp-a√

22. hngn™w Xpd-apJ Icm-dn¬ kwÿm\k¿°m-cn-\p-th≠n H∏n-´Xv(F) DΩ≥Nm≠n(_n) sI.-Fw.-N-µ-ti-J¿(kn) sPbnwkv h¿§okv(Un) kt¥mjv alm-]mX

23. cmP-ysØ 476 \K-c-ß-fpsS ipNn-Xz\ne-hmcw hne-bn-cpØn-bp≈ ]ń-I-bn¬ H∂mw-ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-bXv(F) ssakqcp (_n) Xncn-®n-d-∏≈n(kn) \hn apss_ (Un) sIm®n

24.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ssh-ss^- ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n--(F-)- B-e-∏p-g- -(_n-)- a-´-∂q¿--(kn-)- a-e-∏p-dw- -(Un-)-s\-øm-‰n-≥I-c-

25.- -tI-c-fw,- X-an-gv-\m-Sv,- am-ln- ]-tZ-i-ß-fp-sS- _m-¶n-ßv- Hmw-_p-Uv-kv-am-\m-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰-Xv--(F-)- D-am-i-¶¿--(_n-)- A¿-®-\m- cm-a-kp-µ-cw--(kn-)- sP.-F-≥.-Nu-[-cn--(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

Answers1(B) 2(C) 3(A) 4(C) 5(B) 6(A) 7(C) 8(B) 9(C)10(B) 11(B) 12(C) 13(C) 14(D) 15(C) 16(B)17(B) 18(D) 19(C) 20(D) 21(A) 22(C) 23(A)24(C) 25(A)

(d) None of these8. While working in which city, Dr.

Sunithi Solomon who passed awayrecently detected thepresence of AIDS virus for the firsttime in India(a) New Delhi (b) Kolkata(c) Mumbai (d) Chennai

9. International Yoga Day(a) June 21 (b) June 122(c) June 23 (d) June 24

10. Ramachandra Guha who gotFukuoka Prize recently famous as a(a) Film Director (b) Historian(c) Bureaucrat (d) Diplomat

11. Which country lifted 2015 Under 20world cup ?(a) Brazil (b) Serbia(c) Cr0atia (d) None of these

12. CNR Rao, who got the highestCivilian Award of Japan recently isfamous as a(a) Historian (b) Administrator(c) Scientist (d) Social Worker

8 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

Practice Questions1

1. What percent of the atmosphere isOxygen?(a) 20.95 (b) 22.1(c) 29.2 (d) 18.2

2. Atomic number of Carbon:(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 5

3. Which is known as ‘Jamaican Pepper’?(a) Cardomom (b) Vanilla(c) All Spice (d) Saffron

4. The organism that eats its mate:(a) Ant (b) Cockroach(c) Crab (d) Spider

5. Which is the useful part of Coffee?(a) Seed (b) Stem(c) Leaf (d) Flower

6. The largest fish:(a)Tuna (b) Whale Shark(c) Mackeral (d) Eel

7. The planet whose poles are faced towardsthe Sun:(a) Jupiter (b) Saturn(c) Uranus (d) Neptune

8. The coldest climatic zone:(a) Tropical zone (b) Frigid zone(c) Temperate zone (d) None of these

9. Which mountain is known as ArakanYoma in Myanmar?(a) Himalayas (b) Andes(c) Alps (d) Rockies

10. The Tirupati Temple is in:(a) Karnataka (b) Andhra Pradesh(c) Goa (d) Tamil Nadu

11. The Indian train that covers the longestdistance:(a)Kerala Express (b) Taj Express(c) Vivek Express(d) Himasagar Express

12. In which river is Kolkata port?(a)Ganga (b) Hoogly(c) Damodar (d) Mahanadi

13. In which state is Chilka?(a)Gujarat (b) Orissa(c) West Bengal (d) Andhra Pradesh

14. Central Rice Research Institute is at:(a)Kanpur (b) Cuttack(c) Nagpur (d) Lucknow

15. In which year India launched OperationVijay in Kargil?(a)1998 (b) 1999 (c) 2000 (d) 2001

16. The Imperial Bank of India was formed in:(a) 1901 (b) 1911 (c) 1921 (d) 1931

17. Who is regarded as the father of IndianCinema?(a)Satyajit Ray(b) Dadasaheb Phalke (c) NG Chitre(d) Ardeshir Irani

18. The slogan “lifeline of the nation” isrelated to:(a) BSNL (b) CBI(c) SBI (d) Indian Railways

19. The state which is known as the ‘Landof thirty six forts’:(a)Chhatisgarh (b) Bihar(c) Jharkhand (d) Uttarakhand

20. Where one can see ‘Amar JawanJyothi’?(a) Red Fort (b) Gateway ofIndia (c) India Gate(d) Jallianwalla Bagh

21. Which is known as ‘the Gateway ofThekkady’?(a)Neriyamangalam (b) Kumily(c) Adimali (d) Munnar

22. The southernmost fresh water lagoon inKerala is:

(a) Veli (b) Akkulam(c) Ashatamudi (d) Vellayani

23. Erumeli famous for religious harmony isin the district of:(a) Idukky (b) Kottayam(c) Ernakulam (d) Alappuzha

24. The oldest European fort in India wasbuilt by(a)The British (b) The French(c) The Portugese (d) The Dutch

25. The Vayalar Award won novel “Ini njanurangatte’ was written by:(a) MK Menon (b) P. K. Balakrishnan(c) Sukumar Azhikode(d) Prof. M. K. Sanu

Answers1(a)2(b)3(c)4(d)5(a)6(b)7(c)8(b)9(a)10(b)11(c)12(b) 13(b)14(b) 15(b) 16(c) 17(b)18(d)19(a) 20(c) 21(b) 22(d) 23(b)24(c)25(b)

21.‘ Tavera’ is the name of a/an:

(a) Mobile phone (b) Cement(c) Television (d) Automobile

2. Santiago is a charactor in:(a) Dr.Zhivago (b) The Wasteland(c) The Old Man and the Sea(d) Tin Drum

3. Which war is depicted in the Greek epic‘Iliad’?(a) Crimean War (b) Punic War(c) Trojan War (d) Hundred Years War

4. Which is related to the study of old age?(a) Gerontology (b) Pathology(c) Gemology (d) Odontology

5. Who invented optical fibre?(a) Carothers (b) Huygens(c) Narinder Kapani (d) Samuel Colt

6. The first rocket launching station inIndia:(a) Sriharikota (b) Thumba(c) Bangalore (d) Chennai

7. Which acid is also known as Muriaticacid?(a) Hydrochloric acid (b) Acetic acid(c) Tannic acid (d) Tartaric acid

8. Which is known as ‘laughing gas’?(a) Sulphur dioxide(b) Hydrogen sulphide(c) Nitrous oxide (d) Ozone

9. Plant that has seeds and no fruits:(a) Plantain (b) Pepper(c) Pinus (d) Rubber

10. The ornamental plant ‘Buddha’s Belly’ isa variety of:(a) Bamboo (b) Coconut(c) Orchid (d) Anthurium

11. The fastest running bird:(a) Hen (b) Ostrich(c) Emu (d) Kiwi

12.The number of bones in skull:(a) 14 (b) 28(c) 33 (d) 22

13. The average density of the earth is.....glcubic cm.

(a) 7.5 (b) 6.5 (c) 5.5(d) 3.5

14. The distance between earth andmoon.... lakh km.(a) 1.49 (b) 3.84(c) 107.3 (d) 3.61

15. Pacific Ocean was discovered by:(a) Vasco Nunez (b) Magallen(c) Captain Cook (d) Vasco da Gama

16. Highest peak in Asia(a) Godwin Austin (b) Everest(c) Kanchenjunga (d) Nandadevi

17.The Mediterranean sea and the Red seaare connected by:(a) Panama canal (b) Suez canal(c) Bosporus (d) Davis strait

18. ‘Kimi ga yo’ is the national anthem of:(a) USA (b) Britain(c) Japan (d) Bangladesh

19.O’Hare airport is in:(a) Paris (b) Chicago(c) New York (d) Rome

20. Magna Carta was signed by King Johnof England in:(a) 1225 (b) 1285 (c) 1215 (d) 1235

21. Which High Court has the largestnumber of judges?(a) Guwahati (b)Delhi(c) Allahabad (d) Kolkata

22. India is .....th largest country in theworld in terms of area:(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 9

23. Constituent Assembly adopted‘Janaganamana’ as the national anthemof India on:

(a) 26th November 1949 (b) 26th January1950 (c) 22nd July 1947(d) 24th January 1950

24. Abhors is a tribe in:(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala(c) North East India (d) Kashmir

25. Which area in India is dominated byalluvial soil?(a) Western area (b) Northern plains(c) Southern area (d) Deccan plateau

Answers1 (d) 2(c) 3 (c) 4 (a) 5(c) 6(b) 7(a) 8(c) 9(c)10(a) 11(b) 12(d) 13(c) 14(b)15(a)16(b)17(b) 18(c) 19(b) 20(c) 21(c) 22(c)23(d) 24 (c) 25(b)

31. The General Insurance Business in India

was nationalized in.......(a) 1950 (b) 1960 (c) 1956 (d) 1972

2. Arunchal Pradesh was formerly known as:(a) NEFA (b) Mizo Hill(c) Kamarupa (d) Kalinga

3. Excavation at Lothal was led by:(a) YD Sharma (b) SR Rao(c) MS Vats (d) DR Sahni

4. Which river was known as ‘Vitasta’during the Vedic age?(a) Jhulum (b) Chenab(c) Ravi (d) Beas

5. The number of Buddhist Councils heldin ancient India:(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

6. Who was responsible for thedestruction of the Khilhji dynasty?(a) Alauddin Khilji (b) Jalaluddin Khilji(c) Malik Kafur (d) Balban

7. The tomb of Humayun is in:(a) Agra (b) Delhi(c) Lahore (d) Kabul

8. The period of Delhi Sultanate:(a) 1206-1556 (b) 1206-1526(c) 1206-1707 (d) 1206-1857

9. Who was the Governor General whenthe administration of British India wastransferred from East India Company tothe British Crown:(a) Dalhousie (b) Mayo

(c) Dufferin (d) Canning10. Mhow ,where Dr. B.R.Ambedkar was

born, is at present in the state of:(a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Orissa

11. The first Indian woman to become thePresident of Indian National Congress:(a) Indira Gandhi (b) Sarojini Naidu(c) Annie Besant (d) Sonia Gandhi

12. In which Round Table ConferenceGandhiji attended?(a) First (b) Second(c) First (d) None of these

13. Who became the first defence ministerof independent India?(a) Sardar Patel (b) Baldev Singh(c) VK Krishna Menon (d) John Mathai

14. Congress ministries came into power inthe provinces of British India in the year:(a) 1935 (b) 1936 (c) 1937 (d) 1938

15. Who wrote ‘India Divided’?(a) Sankar Dayal Sharma(b) V.V. Giri(c) Dr.Zakkir Hussain(d) Rajendraprasad

16. Who elects the deputy chairman ofRajya Sabha:(a) Elected members of Rajya Sabha(b) Members of Parliament(c) All the members of Rajya Sabha(d) Nominated members of RajyaSabha

17. The Nobel Prizes are distributed on.......every year:(a) November 10 (b) October 10(c) December 10 (d) January 10

18. Commonwealth Secretariat is in:(a) London (b) New Delhi(c) Cape Town (d) Cairo

19. Armed Forces Flag Day in India:(a) December 7 (b) January 12(c) January 15 (d) October 8

20. “The Child is father of the man” Whomade this statement?(a) William Wordsworth(b) Shakespeare (c) Bacon(d) Socretes

21. Anamudi, the highest peak in Kerala, isa part of:(a) Eastern Ghats (b) Western Ghats(c)Satpura (d) None of these

22. The southernmost river in India:(a) Neyyar (b) Karamanayar(c) Kallada river (d) Vamanapuramriver

23. Which was formerly known asJayasimhanad or Desinganad?(a) Kozhikode (b) Kochi(c) Thiruvananthapruam(d) Kollam

24. The M.C.Road connectsThiruvanathapuram and ..........(a) Angamali (b) Edappally(c) Walayar (d) Thalappady

25. The year of Attingal revolt, the firstorganised agitation aganist the Britishauthority in India:(a) 1741 (b) 1750(c) 1721 (d) 1758

Answers1(d) 2(a) 3(b) 4(a) 5(c) 6(c) 7(b) 8(b) 9(d)

10(c)11(b) 12(b) 13(b)14(c)1 5(d) 16(c)17(c)18(a) 19(a) 20(a) 21(b) 22(a)23(d)24(a)25(c)

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 9

Whose autobiography is The Test of myLife?Yuvraj Singh

The Maginot Line and the Siegfried Lineare the boundary lines between which twocountries?France & Germany

Name the only person to win an OlympicMedal and a Nobel Prize?

Philip Noel Baker Name the only person to win a Nobel Prize

and an Oscar?George Bernard Shaw

Which country has its map on its nationalflag?Both Kosova and Cyprus

The international airport at Boscobel in Ja-maica was recently renamed after an au-thor. Who is the only English - languagenovelist to be thus honoured?Ian Fleming

In which work of Kalidasa does he men-tion about Kerala?Reghuvamsa

Which adventurer is depicted on the frontside of the New Zealand 5 dollar note?Edmund Hillary

Which river, originating in the EasternSatpuras and running a length of 724km,is named after the daughter of Lord Surya?Tapti

When the ships São Gabriel and SãoRafael reached India,a new history wascreated. Why?These are the ships which carried Vasco

da Gama to India Name the first indigenously developed

weaponised helicopter of India?Rudra

Name the only cricketer to score more than10000 runs and 250 wickets in both Testcricket and ODI?Jacques Kallis

Which day is celebrated as the NationalEducation Day?November 11

Which country makes the Panama Hats?Ecuador

Name the only Jew to become the Viceroyof India?Lord Reading

The novel “Bhaskara Menon” written byAppan Thampuran has also a unique dis-tinction in Malayalam literature. What?First detective story in Malayalam

Who was the only Time magazine Man ofthe year whose picture did not feature onthe cover?Adolf Hitler

Who is the only British prime Minister tobe assassinated?

Spencer Perceval Expand SIMRAN?

Satellite Imaging for Rail Navigation Where is the State Institute of Rural De-

velopment located in our state?Kottarakkara

Which country have its film industry knownto be Nollywood?Nigeria

In which ocean did the Titanic sink?Atlantic Ocean

Which is the only English Alphabet thatdoes not appear in the chemical symbolsof the periodic table of elements?Letter J

Who is the first president of South Sudan?Salva Kiir Mayardit

Who is the director of the film The Dirtypicture?Milan Luthria

In which country do you find the temple werethey worship the teeth of Sri Buddha?Kandy in Srilanka

Name the French award which is equiva-lent to the Oscars?Caesar Award

GOA

1. Goa was formerly a ..... colony:(a) French (b) Dutch(c) Portuguese (d) British

2. Who conquered Goa in 1510?(a) Vasco da Gama (b) Almeida(c) Qutubddin Aibek (d) Albuquerq

3. National Institute of Oceanography is in:

(a) Dabolim (b) Murmugao(c) Dona Paula(d) None of these

4. Goa was liberated from colonial rule inthe year:(a) 1960 (b) 1961(c) 1962 (d) 1963

5. The bird sanctuary in Goa is namedafter:(a) Sanjay Gandhi (b) Rajaji(c) Dr. Salim Ali (d) None of these

6. Which is one of the principal languagesin Goa?(a) Dogri (b) Bodo(c) Sindhi (d) Konkani

7. Number of districts in Goa?(a) 2 (b) 3(c) 4 (d) 5

8. Which state has the least number ofmembers in Legislative Assembly?(a) Manipur (b) Goa(c) Nagaland (d) None of these

9. The Operation which liberated Goa fromforeign rule:(a) Operation Cactus(b) Operation Blue star(c) Operation Vijay(d) Operation Thunderstorm

10. Who called liberation of Goa as ‘Policeaction’?(a) Kandeth(b) Jawaharlal Nehru(c) Sardar Patel

(d) V K Krishnamenon11. The important river in Goa:

(a) Gaghra (b) Mandovi(c) Bhima (d) Vaiga

12. National Centre for Antractic and OceanResearch is in:

(a) Mumbai (b) Panaji(c) Vasco da Gama (d) Dabolim

13. The state with Uniform Civil Code:(a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat(c) Goa (d) Tamil Nadu

14. The first film of Amitabh Bachan wasbased on Goan revolution. Its name is:(a) Dost (b) Sholay(c) Coolie (d) Saath Hindustani

15. The first state in India where electronicvoting machine was used in all theconstituencies for election:(a) Kerala (b) UP(c) MP (d) Goa

16. Dhooth Sagar waterfalls is in ........ river:(a) Zuari (b) Mandovi(c) Kaveri (d) Godavari

17. Thimmayya helped the ......... toconquer Goa from the rulers of Bijapur:(a) British (b) French(c) Dutch (d) Portuguese

Quiz Corner Anubhesh Sudhakaran

Practice Test

18. Goa comes under the jurisdction of .....High Court:(a) Gujarat (b) Bombay(c) Madras (d) Karnataka

19. Goa is the ....th state of India.(a) 23 (b) 24(c) 25 (d) 22

20. Major port in Goa:(a) Panaji (b) Murmugao(c) Dabolim (d) Mandovi

21. The region in India which witnessed thelongest colonial rule:(a) Malabar (b) Goa(c) Delhi (d) Mahe

22. Which state has the highest percentageof urban population as per 2001Census:(a) Maharashtra (b) Kerala(c) Tamil Nadu (d) Goa

23. Terekhol river separates Goa from .......(a) Kerala (b) Karnataka(c) Gujarat (d) Maharashtra

24. Dabolim is famous as a/an......(a) National Park (b) Airport(c) Major port (d) Capital city

25. The main food crop of Goa:(a) Rice (b) Wheat(c) Banana (d) Mango

Answers1 (c) 2(d) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(d) 7(a)8(d-Sikkim (32 MLAs)) 9(c) 10(d) 11(b) 12(c)13(c) 14(d) 15(d) 16(b) 17(d) 18(b) 19(c)20(b) 21(b) 22(d) 23(d) 24(b) 25(a)

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kztZin ]ÿm\wlnµp˛ap…nw- sF-Iy-Øn-s‚- ta¬- ]-Xn-®-t_mw-_v- F-∂m-Wv- kp-tc-µ-\m-Yv- _m-\¿-Pn- _w-Kmƒ- hn-`-P-\-sØ- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.-C-¥y-bn-se- ln-µp-°-fpw- ap-…n-ß-fpw- _w-Kmƒ- hn- -P-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- ]-Xn-tj-[-hp-am-bn- cw-K-sØ-Øn.- _w-Km-fn-se-ºm-Spw- hn-`-P-\-hn-cp-≤-k-a-cw- Xo-h-am-bn.- _n-]n-≥ N-µ-]m¬,- A-c-_n-µ-tLm-jv,-kp-tc-µ-\m-Yv-_m-\¿-Pn- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- ]-t£m-`-Øn-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e- km-c-Yn-Iƒ.- sIm¬-°-Ø- Su-¨- lm-fn¬- 1905 Hm-K-Ãv- G-gn-\v-\-S-∂- h-≥k-tΩ-f-\-tØm-sS-bm-Wv- _w-Kmƒ- hn-cp-≤-k-a-cw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv.- hn-`-P-\-Øn-s\- hn-a¿-in-°p-∂- e-Lp-te-J-Iƒ- _w-Km-fn-se-ßpw- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-ø-s∏-´p.- 1905H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 16˛-\m-Wv- hn-`-P-\w- ]m-_-ey-Øn¬- h-∂-Xv.- B- Zn-\w- _w-Kmƒ- ap-gp-h-≥Zp-:-Jm-N-c-W-Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-®p.- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬- A-∂v- l¿-Øm-em-bn-cp-∂p.- Cu-k-µ¿- -Øn-\m-bn- c-_o-µ-\m-Yv- Sm-tKm¿- B-e-]n-®- Km-\-am-Wv- A-a¿- tkm-Wm¿- _w-•.-sX-cp-hn-eq-sS- \o-ßn-b- P-\w- Cu- Km-\w- B-e-]n-®p- (1971˛-se- hn-tam-N-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw-_w-Kv-fm-tZ-iv- Cu- Km-\-sØ- tZ-io-b- Km-\-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-).- _w-Km-fn-s‚-bpw- _w-Km-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- sF-Iy-Øn-s‚-]-Xo-I-am-b- cm-Jn- ssI-Ø-≠-I-fn¬- ln-µp-°-fpw- ap-…n-ß-fpw- ]-c-kv-]-cw- A-Wn-bn-®p.- l¿-Øm-ep-I-fpw- ]-Wn-ap-S-°p-I-fpw-k¿-h-km-[m-c-W-am-bn- am-dn.- h-tµ-am-X-c-Øn-s‚- B-em-]-\-Øm¬- sIm¬-°-Øm- sX-cp-hp-Iƒ- k-Zm- ap-J-cn-X-am-bn.- kz-tZ-in,- _-ln-jv-I-c-W- ]-ÿm-\-ß-fn-eq-sS- ]-Xn-tj-[w- I-cp-Øm¿-Pn-®p.-hn-tZ-i- \n¿-an-X- km-[-\-ßƒ- H-gn-hm-°n- ]-I-cw- C-¥y-≥ \n¿-an-X- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- D-]-tbm-K-Øn¬- sIm-≠p-h-cn-I- F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- kz-

tZ-in- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- e-£yw.- C-Xn-s‚-`m-K-am-bn- hn-tZ-i- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- _-ln-jv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- \-in-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- kz-tZ-in- ]-ÿm-\w- C-¥y-bn-se- Ip-Sn¬- hy-h-km-b-Øn-\v- ]p-Xn-b- D-W¿-hv- ]-I¿-∂p.- tZ-io-b-X-bn-e-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- km-ln-Xy-kr-jv-Sn-I-fpw- C-°m-e-Øv- D-S-se-Sp-Øp.- H-cp- tZ-io-b- hn-Zym-`ym-k- ]-≤-Xn-bpw- Cu- k-a-bw-cq-]-s∏-´p.- kz-tZ-in- ]-ÿm-\w- h-tµ-am-X-cw- ]-ÿm-\w- F-∂pw- A-dn-b-s∏-´p.-

kmbp-[-tk-\-sb- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- kz-tZ-in-]-ÿm-\-sØ- A-Sn-®-a¿-Øm-≥ _n-ó-jv-k¿-°m¿- i-an-®p.- ]-X-ßƒ-°v- hn-e-°v- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- em-em- e-Pv-]-Xv- dm-bn-bpw- A-Pn-Xv- kn-Mpw- _w-Km-fn¬-\n-∂v- \m-Sp-I-S-Ø-s∏-´p.- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c- Xn-e-I-s\- A-d-Ãv-sN-bv-Xv- B-dp- h¿-j-tØ-°v- X-S-hn-\v- in-£n-®v-_¿-a-bn-se- P-bn-en-te-°v- A-b-®p.-

kz-tZ-in- ]-ÿm-\w- _w-Km-fn-s‚- A-Xn¿-Øn-I-fn¬-am-X-am-bn- H-Xp-ßn-bn-√.- A-Xv- C-¥y-bp-sS- a-‰p- `m-K-ß-fn-te-°pw- hym-]n-®p.-tZ-io-b- ]-ÿm-\-sØ- H-cp- _-lp-P-\-]-ÿm-\-am-°n- am-‰p-∂-Xn¬- kz-tZ-in- ]-ÿm-\w- h-en-sbm-cp- ]-¶m-Wv- h-ln-®-Xv.-

1906˛-se- knw-e- sU-]yp-t´-j-≥1892 -se- Iu- -kn¬- \n-b-aw- C-¥y-°m-

sc- Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-√.- Iq-Sp-X¬- A-[n-Im-c-ßƒ-°p-th-≠n-bp-≈- ap-d-hn-fn- A-h-cn¬-\n-∂v- D-≠m-bn.- cm-jv-So-b- k-Ω¿-±-ß-fp-sS-

-e-am-bn- C-e-Iv-S-d¬- t_m-Un-I-fp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- v- -c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-am-b- t -Z-K-Xn-Iƒ-sIm-≠p-h-cm-≥ _n-ó-jv- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- 1906 Pq-sse- 20˛-\v- C-¥y-bp-sS-Im-cy-ß-fp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- sk-I-´-dn- Hm-^v- tÃ-‰v- B-b- tPm-¨- tam¿-en- _n-ó-jv-

]m¿-e-sa-‚n¬- C-¥y-≥ _-P-‰v- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-sh- se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- Iu-¨-kn-en¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- ko-‰p-Iƒ- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- A-h-bp-sS- A-[n-Im-c-ßƒ- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- K-h- -sa-‚ v- B-K-ln-°p-∂- hn-h-cw- ]-Jym-]n-®p.-

tam¿-en-bp-sS- ]-Jym-]-\w- ap-…n-ß-fn¬-B-i-¶- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚- B-h-iy-]-Im-cw- A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Cu- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-fn-eq-sS- ln-µp- q-cn-]-£-Øm¬- ap-…n-ßƒ- A-Sn-®-a¿-Ø-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v- A-h¿- I-cp-Xn.- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-eq-sS-tbm- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw-h-gn-tbm- C-¥y-≥ ap-…n-ß-fp-sS- B-h-iy-ßƒ- ]-cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sn-s√-∂v- ap-…nw- t\-Xm-°ƒ- hn-e-bn-cp-Øn.- tI-µ-Øn-epw- ]-hn-iy-I-fn-epw- ap-…n-ßƒ-°v- G-Xm-\pw- ko-‰p-Iƒ- A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-S-Ww- F-∂pw- ap-…nw-ko-‰p-Iƒ- kz-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- thm-´p-I-fn-eq-sS-Ø-s∂- \n-I-Ø-s∏-S-Ww- F-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-h-cp-sS- B-h-iy-ßƒ.-

X-ß-fp-sS- hn-hn-[- B-h-iy-ßƒ- D-∂-bn-®p-sIm-≠v- ssh-tkm-bn-°v- ]-cm-Xn- \¬-Im-≥ ap-…nw- t\-Xm-°mƒ- Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- A-Xn-\m-bn- _w-Kmƒ,- ]-©m-_v,- bp.-]n.,-t_mw-s_,- a-Zm-kv,- kn-‘v,- sk-≥S¬- s]m-hn-≥kv- Xp-S-ßn-b- ]-hn-iy-I-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- 35t\-Xm-°ƒ- A-S-ßn-b- H-cp- ]-Xn-\n-[n-kw-Lw- k¿- B-Km-Jm-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- 1906H-Iv-tSm-_¿- H-∂n-\v- knw-e-bn-se-Øn- ssh-tkm-bn- an-t‚m- ]-`p-hn-\v- \n-th-Z-\w- \¬-In.-

ap-…n-ßƒ-°v- ]-tXy-I- \n-tbm-P-I- K-Ww- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I,- tI-µ- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-bn¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- ko-‰p-Iƒ- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I,- kn-hn¬- k¿-ho-kn¬- ap-…n-ßƒ-°v- Izm-´- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I,- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-I-fp-sS-

sk-\-‰n-epw- kn-≥Un-t°-‰n-epw- ap-…n-ßƒ-°v- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw- D-d-∏m-°p-I,- H-cp- ap-…nw-k¿-h-I-em-im-e- B-cw-`n-°m-≥ ap-…n-ßƒ-°v- km-º-Øn-I- k-lm-bw- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I-F-∂n-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p- \n-th-Z-\-Øn-se- ap-Jy-B-h-iy-ßƒ.- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- `-c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn¬- X-\n-°v- ]-¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈n-S-tØm-fw-Im-ew- ap-…n-ß-fp-sS- tZ-io-b- A-h-Im-i-ßƒ-]-cn-c-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW-∂v- ssh-tkm-bn-D-d-∏p-\¬-In.- tZ-io-b-]-ÿm-\-sØ- ]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m-≥ K-h-¨-sa-‚ v-X-s∂- sa-\-s™-Sp-Ø- H-cp- ]-≤-Xn-bm-Wv- knw-e- sU-]yq-t´-j-≥ F-∂pw- `n-∂n-∏n-®v- `-cn-°p-I- F-∂- X-¥-am-Wv- C-Xn-\p-]n-∂n-se-∂pw- tIm-¨-K-kv- A-\p-Iq-e- ]-X-am-b- A-ar-Xv-_-km¿- ]-Xn-I- B-tcm-]n-®p.- sU-]yq-t -j-≥ ap-…n-ß-sf- B-I-am-\w- ]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN-øp-∂n-s√-∂pw- Nn-e- _n-ó-jv- D-tZym-K-ÿ¿- A-Xn-\p-]n-∂n-ep-s≠-∂pw- ]-Xw- I-qńt®¿Øp.

ap…nweoKns‚ cq]hXvIcWwC¥y-≥ cm-jv-So-b- N-I-hm-f-Øn¬- Zq-

c-hym-]-I-am-b- ]-Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ- kr-jv-Sn-®- kw-`-h-am-Wv- 1906˛¬- \-S-∂- ap-…nw-eo-Kn-s‚- cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-Ww.- B-Km-Jm-≥,- \-hm-_v-k-en-ap-≈,- sam-lv-kn-≥ -D¬- -ap¬-°v- F-∂n-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- C-Xn-s‚- ÿm-]-I¿.- 1906 Un-kw-_¿- 30˛-\v- [m-°-bn-em-Wv- kw-L-S-\-]n-d-hn-sIm-≠-Xv.- ap-…nw- eo-Kn-s‚- ÿm-]n-X- e-£yw- C-¥y-bn-se- ap-…n-ß-fp-sS- k¿-h-tXm-≥ap-J-am-b- ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-_n-ó-jv- K-h-¨-sa-‚p-am-bn- \-√- _-‘w- ]p-e¿-Øm-≥ Xp-S-°w-ap-X-te- eo-Kv- i-≤n-®p.-1905˛-se- _w-Kmƒ- hn-`-P-\-tØm-Sv- A-\p-Iq-e- \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv- eo-Kv- ]p-e¿-Øn-b-Xv.-

C-¥y-≥ ap-…n-ß-sf- tZ-io-b- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- ap-Jy-[m-c-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-I-‰m-≥ ap-…nw-eo-Kn-\v- I-gn-™p.- C-¥y-bn¬- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- kw-`-hn-®- h¿-Ko-b- [p-ho-I-c-W-Øn-\pw- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- hn- -P-\-Øn-\pw- eo-Kn-s‚-cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-Ww- Im-c-W-am-bn.-

ap-…nw- eo-Kv- F-∂- t]-cv- \n¿-t±-in-®-Xv-k¿- B-Km- Jm-≥ aq-∂m-a-\m-Wv.- A-t±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-Zy- A-[y-£-≥.- ap-…ow- eo-Kn-s‚- `-c-W-L-S-\- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- 1907˛-se- I-dm-®n- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-em-Wv.- Ko-≥ _p-°v- F-∂m-Wv- `-c-W-L-S-\-A-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv.- au-em-\m- ap-l-Ω-Zv- A-en-bm-Wv- -c-W-L-S-\- F-gp-Xn-Ø-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv.- e-Iv-\u- B-bn-cp-∂p- eo-Kn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w.- N-µ-°-e-bpw- \-£-X-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p- eo-Kn-s‚-Nn-”w- 1913 -em-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Z-en- Pn-∂- eo-Kn¬-tN¿-∂-Xv.- 1942˛¬- eo-Kn-s‚- ap-J-]-X-am-bn-tUm- - ]-Xw- U¬-ln-bn¬-\n-∂v- Pn-∂- B-cw-`n-®p.- 1947 B-K-kv-Xv- 14˛-\v- Hmƒ- C-¥y-ap-…nw- eo-Kn-\v- ]-cn-k-am-]v-Xn-bm-Ip-I-bpw-X¬-ÿm-\-Øv- ap-…nw- eo-Kv- \n-e-hn¬-h-cn-I-bpw- sN-bvXp.

tZ-io-b- ]-ÿm-\-sØ- Zp¿-_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I- F-∂- e-£y-tØm-sS- _n-ó -jp-Im¿- _w-Kmƒ- hn-`-Pn-®p- (1905). - ln-µp-˛-ap-…nw- sF-Iy-Øn-s‚- ta¬- ]-Xn-®- t_mw-_v- F-∂m-Wv- kp-tc-µ-\m-Yv - _m-\¿-Pn- _w-Kmƒ- hn-`-P-\-sØ- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. - C-¥y-bn-se- ln-µp-°-fpw- ap-…n-ß-fpw- _w-Kmƒ- hn-`-P-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- ]-Xn-tj-[-hp-am-bn- cw-K-sØ-Øn.- _w-Km-fn -se-ºm-Spw- hn-`-P-\-hn-cp-≤-k-a-cw- Xo-h-am-bn. - _n-]n-≥ N-µ-]m¬,- A-c-_n-µ-tLm-jv, -kp-tc-µ-\m-Yv - _m-\¿-Pn- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- ]-t£m-`-Øn-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e- km-c-Yn-Iƒ.- sIm¬-°-Ø- Su-¨- lm-fn¬- 1905 Hm-K-Ãv - G-gn-\v - \-S-∂- h-≥k-tΩ-f-\-tØm-sS-bm-Wv- _w-Kmƒ- hn-cp-≤-k-a-cw- B-cw-`n -®-Xv. - hn-`-P-\-Øn-s\- hn-a¿-in-°p-∂- e-Lp-te-J-Iƒ- _w-Km-fn -se-ßpw- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-ø-s∏-´p. - 1905 H-Iv -tSm-_¿- 16˛-\m-Wv- hn-`-P-\w- ]m-_-ey-Øn¬- h-∂-Xv. - B- Zn-\w- _w-Kmƒ- ap-gp-h-≥ Zp-: -Jm-N-c-W-Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-®p. - h-tµ-am-X-c-Øn-s‚- B-em-]-\-Øm¬- sIm¬-°-Øm- sX-cp-hp-Iƒ- k-Zm- ap-J-cn-X-am-bn. - kz-tZ-in, - _-ln-jv -I-c-W- ]-ÿm-\-ß-fn-eq-sS- ]-Xn-tj-[w- I-cp-Øm¿-Pn-®p....... - -B-[p-\n-I- C-¥ym-N-cn -X-Øn-se- kp-]-[m-\-am-b- H-c-[ym-bw.- H-∏w- ]-cn -io-e-\- tNm-Zy -ß-fpw. -

_wKmƒ hn`P\hpw

kztZin ]ÿm-\hpwB[p\nI C¥y- 6

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 11

Selected QuestionsModern India1. ‘Hind Swaraj’ was written by Gandhiji

while:(a) Travelling from England to India by ship(b) In Sabarmati Asharam(c) Travelling from England to SouthAfrica by ship(d) Leading Champaran Satyagraha

2. ‘Sudharak’ was a newspaper by:(a) G.K.Gokhale (b) Gandhiji(c) M.G.Ranade (d) B.G.Tilak

3. “Christianity wins its prosperity bycutting throats of its fellow men”- Whosaid this?(a) Dayanand (b) Vivekananda(c) Ram Krishna Paramhansa(d) Gandhiji

4. “God is of no use to the hungry belly’-Whose words are these?(a) Vivekananda (b) Dayanand(c) Guru Nanak(d) Ram Krishna Paramhansa

5. A leading British Parliamentarian andpolitician admitted that the revolt of1857 was a ‘National Revolt’ not a’Military Mutiny’?(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Canning(c) William Gladstone

(d) Benjamin Disraeli6. After 1857, who among the following

announced at a Durbar at Allahabad,the assumption of the Government ofIndia by the Sovereign of Great Britain?(a) Lord Canning (b) Sir JohnLawrence (c) Lord Mayo(d) Lord Northbrook

7. All India Hindu Maha Sabha was setupin 1915 under the presidentship of:(a) Sahajanand(b) Maharaja of Kasimbazar(c) Lajpath Rai (d) M.M.Malavya

8. An Indian revolutionary who was aprofessor of Sanskrit in the Universitiesof Berkeley and Stanford died inPhiladelphia:(a) Shyamji Krishna Varma(b) Lala Hardayal (c)Taraka Nath Das(d) Bhai Parmanand

9. Baba Ram Chandra Das was a leader of:(a) Taluqdars (b) Liberals(c) Congress (d) Peasants

10. Domingo Paes was a visitor from:

(a) Iran (b) France(c) Russia (d) Portugal

11. During 1940s,Nanasaheb RamchandraPatil founded parallel governmentnamed Prati Sarkar in the 150 villages in:(a) Bengal (b) Bihar(c) Maharashtra (d) Orissa

12. During Quit India movement,Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar (TamrliptaNational Government) was formed in:(a) Maharashtra (b) Bengal(c) Orissa (d) Bihar

13. In 1905, Bhavani Mandir was published by:(a) B.G.Tilak (b) Aurobindo(c) Sachin Sanyal(d) Barindrakumar Ghosh

14. In which city Tipu Sultan planted ‘Treeof Liberty’?(a) Srirangapatnam (b) Mysore(c) Bangalore (d) Halebid

15. Indian Broadcasting Corporation wasrenamed in 1936 as:(a) Akashvani (b) Nabhovani(c) Doorvani (d) All India Radio

16. Mrs.Annie Besant set up Home RuleLeague in September 1916 with its seat at:(a) Pune (b) Kolkata(c) Adayar (d) Delhi

17. Punjab was annexed to British India in1849 by:(a) Lord Canning (b) John Lawrence(c) Lord Dufferin (d) Lord Dalhousie

18. Roa Bharmal, who rose in revolt due tothe interference of British in the internalaffairs of the state, was the ruler of:(a) Kashmir (b) Mysore(c) Cutch (d) Bengal

19. Robert Knight is related to the maga-zine/newspaper?(a) Deenabandhu (b) The Statesman(c) Voice of India (d) Indian Mirror

20. Taluqdari settlement was made in:(a) Bihar (b) Orissa(c) Oudh (d) Madras

21. The background of the Mahar move-ment was:(a) Maharashtra (b) Punjab(c) Bihar (d) Kashmir

22. The background of the Sanyasi Revoltwas:(a) Gujarat (b) Bengal(c) Bombay (d) Madras

23. The British introduced the railways inIndia in order to:(a) promote heavy industries(b) facilitate British commerce andadministrative control(c) move food stuff in case of famine(d) enable Indians to move freelywithin the country

24. The credit of victory of Porto Novo goesto the British General:(a) Eyrecoot (b) Munroe(c) Col.Fraser (d) Col.Bailey

25. The first Indian to join the ICS:(a) SN Bannerjee(b) Manmohan Ghosh (c) S.P.Sinha(d) Satyendranath Tagore

26. The first secretary of Punjab NaujawanSabha was:(a) Ajith Singh (b) Lajpath Rai(c) Bhagat Singh (d) Lahore

27. The last Governor General of East IndiaCompany:(a) William Bentick (b) Dalhousie(c) John Lawrence (d) Canning

28. The Mughal emperor who earned thenick name ‘Rangila’ due to his additionto wine and women:(a) Bahadur Shah I(b) Muhammad Shah (c) Shah Alam(d) Farukh Siyar

29. The newspaper ‘Rast Goftar’ propa-gated the message of an organisationstood for the reforms of:(a) Parsis (b) Sikhs(c) Christians (d) Jews

30. The office of Peshwa became indepen-dent during the reign of:(a) Shivaji (b) Sambhaji(c) Raja Ram (d) Sahu

31. The organiser of ‘Dharma Sabha’:(a) M.G.Ranade(b) Raja Ram Mohun Roy

(c) Radha Kant Deb(d) Vivekananda

32. The policy of ‘Masterly Inactivity’ isassociated with the name of theGovernor General:(a) Dalhousie (b) John Lawrence(c) Canning (d) Warren Hastings

33. The Second Anglo Mysore war wasfought during the Governor Generalship of:(a) Wellesley (b) Warren Hastings(c) Dalhousie (d) Ellenborough

34. The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in:(a) 1765 (b) 1784(c) 1792 (d) 1799

35. The Treaty of Bassein was signedbetween Baji Rao II the last Peshwaand the ____(a) Mughals (b) French(c) Sikhs (d) English

36. The Treaty of Mysore was signedbetween Tipu and the British in:(a) 1784 (b) 1792(c) 1799 (d) 1782

37. The Treaty of Purandhar was signedbetween the English and the Peshwa in:

(a) 1775 (b) 1776(c) 1786 (d) 1796

38. The venue of Kuka revolt led by BabaRam Singh:(a) Bengal (b) Punjab(c) Assam (d) Maharashtra

39. The venue of the first session of the AllIndia Kisan Sabha was:(a) Mumbai (b) Kolkata(c) Kanpur (d) Lucknow

40. The venue of the Tebhaga revolt:(a) Bengal (b) Bihar(c) Maharashtra (d) Punjab

41. The Viceroy of British India whoresigned over the question of Egypt:(a) Curzon (b) Dufferin(c) Ripon (d) Minto II

42. The word ‘National’ was added to thename of Congress during the Nagpursession of:(a) 1891 (b) 1892(c) 1897 (d) 1899

43. The word ‘Swaraj’ was first used in theCongress platform in the 1906 session of:(a) Pune (b) Lucknow(c) Surat (d) Kolkata

44. The year of ‘Black hole’ episode ofCalcutta:(a) 1755 (b) 1756(c) 1757 (d) 1758

45. Ulgulan was a movement of the:(a) Agarias (b) Juangs(c) Mundas (d) Hos

46. What was the real name of BahadurShah I, who emerged victorious in thewar of succession after Aurangazeb?(a) Muazzam (b) Salim(c) Farid (d) Khurram

47. Which modern historian opined that “theso called First National War of Indepen-dence of 1857 isneither First, norNational, nor War of Independence.” ?(a) S.N.Sen (b) Tara Chand(c) R.C.Majumdar (d) K.K.Dutta

48. Which session of the Indian NationalCongress decided to reorganiseProvincial Congress Committees on thebasis of linguistic areas:(a) 1920 Nagpur (b) 1911 Kolkata(c) 1916 Lucknow (d) 1924 Belgaum

49. Which tribal leader was regarded as anincarnation of God and Father of theWorld?(a) Kanhu Santha (b) Rupa Naik(c) Birsa Munda (d) Joria Bhagat

50. Who among the following was theeditor of ‘Deenabandhu’?(a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Jotiba Phule(c) Robert Knight (d) Manmohan Ghosh

Answers1 (c) 2(a) 3 (b) 4 (d) 5(d) 6(a) 7(b) 8(b) 9(d)10(d) 11(c) 12(b) 13(d) 14(a) 15(d) 16(c) 17(d)18(c) 19(b) 20(c)2 1 (a) 22(b) 23 (b) 24 (a)25(d)2 6(c) 27(d) 28(b) 29(a) 30(d) 31(c) 32(b)33(b) 34(a) 35(d)36(a)37(b) 38(b) 39(d) 40(c)41(c) 42 (a) 43(d) 44 (b) 45(c) 46(a) 47 (c)48(a)49(c) 50(b)

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

Pn√-I-fn-eq-sSsIm√w 2

tIcfØns‚ cmjvSo-b- -km-aq-ln-I- -kmw-kvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ F°m-ehpw i‡-amb km∂n-[y-amWv sIm√w Pn√.Ip≠d hnfw-_-chpw IS-bv°¬ ]t£m- hpw tIcf cmjvSo-b-Ønse kw -h-_-lp-e-amb A[ym-b-ß-fm-Wv.

kn.-tI-i-h≥, B¿.-i-¶-¿ XpS-ßn-b-hsc-t∏m-ep≈ ]Kev `c-W-I¿Øm-°-sf tIcf cmjvSo-b-Øn\pwkptc-jvtKm-]n, _me-N-µ-ta-t\m≥, apcfn XpSßnb A`n-\b ]Xn- -Isf ae-bmf kn\n-abv°pw sIm√w Pn√kw`m-h\ sNbvXn´p-≠v. sX∑e Ct°m Sqdn-khpw ]me-cphn sh≈-®m- hpw PSm-bp-∏m-dbpw k©m-cn-Isf

sIm√-tØ-°v BI¿jn-°p-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse BZy sdbn¬th-bpw tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ t]∏¿an√pwsIm√w Pn√-bn-emWv Bcw- n-®-Xv. sIm´m-c-°-c-bn¬ ]ndhn sIm≠ cma\m -Øns‚ ]cn-jvIr-X-cq-]-amb

IY-Ifn tIc-f-Øn\v temI-i≤ t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp. sIm√sØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒ ka-K-ambn ]Tn-°mw.H∏w ]cn-io-e\ tNmZy-ß-fpw.

B¿ kn kptc-jvIp-am¿

]tXyIXIƒ* F≈v- F-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-ev-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-

∂- Pn-√-*- -I-S¬-Øo-c-Øn-s‚- \o-fw- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-

hp-≈- Pn-√-*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-ip-h-≠n- m-Iv-S-dn-

I-fp-≈- Pn√

BZytØXv* C¥ybnse BZy Ct°m˛Sqdnkw

]≤Xn˛ sX∑e* tIcfØnse BZysØ _´¿^vssf

]m¿°v˛ sX∑e* Xncphn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-Zy- sd-bn¬-th-

sse-≥ (1904)-˛- sIm-√w- -Xn-cp-s\¬-th-en- (ap-ºv- ao-‰¿- tK-Pn-em-bn-cp-∂- ]m-X-C-t∏mƒ- t_m-Uv-tK-Pm-°n-bn-´p-≠v-).-

* tIcfØnse BZysØ A_vImcntImSXn˛sIm´mc°c

* tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- t]-∏¿- an¬-˛-]p\eq¿

* e£w-ho-Sv- ]-≤-Xn- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´- ÿ-ew˛NSbawKew (c≠mw- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-a-¥n-k-k- -bn¬- -h-\-\n¿-Ωm-W- h-Ip-∏p-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂- Fw.-F-≥.-tKm-hn-µ-≥ \m-b-cm-Wv- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-)-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Xq-°p]mew˛]p\eq¿

* tIcfØnse BZysØ Ifn -a¨\n¿amW ^mIvS-dn˛ Ip≠d (1940)

* tIcfØn¬ kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnseBZysØ Kh¨sa‚ v FbvUUvF©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pv Sn.-sI.-Fw.(Xßƒ Ip™v apk-eym¿) F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtfPv, sIm√w (1958)

* ]n∂m° kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ (Cu-g-h)\n∂v apJy-a-¥n-]-Z-Øn-se-Ønb BZy

ae-bm-fn˛ kn.-tI-i-h≥ (Xn-cp-sIm-®n)* ]n∂m° kap-Zm -b-Øn¬\n-∂p≈

BZy tIcf apJy-a-¥n˛ B¿.-i-¶¿(1962 -64)- (sIm-√w- Pn-√-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw- A-t±-lw- 1960˛¬- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-am-b-Xv- I-Æq-cn¬-\n-∂m-Wv-).-

*- -Hm-kv-I¿- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm--fn˛ dkq¬ ]q°qń (2009˛¬- dn-eo-km-b- …w- tUm-Kv- an-ey-W¿- F-∂- Nn-X-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- Cu- t\- w- ssI-h-cn-®-Xv-)-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy- kn-\n-am-Xm-c-w˛ sI.-_n. KtW-jvIp-am¿ (]-Ø-\m-]pcw aWvU-e-sØ-bmWv Ct±lwtIcf \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ ]Xn-\n-[m\wsNbvX-Xv).

* Gjy≥ sKbnw-kn¬ kz¿Ww t\SnbBZy ae-bm-fn˛ Sn.-kn. tbml-∂m≥(1974).

* sFIy-cm-jvS-k-`-bn¬ BZy-ambn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]kw-Kn-®-Xv˛ amXm Aar-Xm-\-µ-abn (]q¿hm-i-a-Øn-se- t]-cv-kp-[m-a-Wn.- sIm-√w- Pn-√-bn-se- B-e-∏m-Sv- ]-©m-b-Øn¬- 1953˛¬- P-\n-®p-).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Xo-c-tZ-i- s]m-eo-kv- tÃ-j-≥˛ \o≠-Ic (2009)

* tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ amcnssSwC≥Ãn‰yq´v ˛ \o≠-Ic (2010)

* tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ- tI-c-f-Øn¬- a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n- B¿.-_m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-bm-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- Iq-dp-am-‰- \n-tcm-[-\- \n-b-aw-h-gn- ]p-d-Øm-b- B-Zy- \n-b-a-k- mw-Kw-B¿.-_m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-bm-Wv.-

*- -\q-dp- i-X-am-\w- B-[m¿- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-≥]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b,- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Km-a-am-Wv- ta-en-e.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Xp-Wn-an¬-ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv- sIm-√-Øm-Wv- (1881).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- A-®-Sn-®- B-Zy- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn-sem-∂m-b- "-tUm-Iv-Sn-\- In-Ãw-'- ]p-d-Øp-h-∂-Xv- sIm-√-Øm-Wv- (1578).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- \o-c- πm-‚ v-ÿm-]n-®-Xv- ssI-∏p-g-bn-em-Wv (2014).

kq∏¿te‰ohpIƒ* tIcfØnse G‰hpw NqSpIqSnb

ÿew ˛]p\eq¿ (Xm]\ne G‰hpwIqSnb Pn√ ]me°mSmWv)

* tIcfØnse G‰hpw henbip≤PeXSmIw˛ imkvXmwtIm´ (375slIvSdmWv hnkvXo¿Ww)

* tIcf-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Ip-

d-™--Xm-e-q°v˛ Ip∂Øq¿* tIcf-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- P-e-tk-

N-\- ]-≤Xn˛ I√S* G‰hpw- Ip-d-®v- hn-t√-Pp-I-fp-≈- Xm-eq-

°m-Wv- Ip-∂-Øq¿.- B-ÿm-\w- im-kv-Xmw-tIm-´.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-fn-a-¨- \n-t£-]-ap-≈- ÿ-ew˛ Ip≠d

* tIcf-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- sX-t°-b-‰-sØ-sd-bn¬-th- Pw-Kv-j≥˛ sIm√w (c≠n¬-°q-Sp-X¬- Zn-i-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- K-Xm-K-X-ap-≈- tÃ-j-\p-I-fm-Wv- Pw-Kv-j-\p-Iƒ-).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- Xp-d-ap-Jw˛ sIm√w

* tIc-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Xo-h-≠n-b-]-I-Sw-˛- s]-cp-a-¨- (1988 Pq-sse- 8)-˛-107 t]¿- a-cn-®p.- (_mw-•q-cn¬-\n-∂v- I-\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn-te-°p-≈- sF-e-‚ v- F-Iv-kv-]-km-Wv- A-]-I-S-Øn¬-s∏-´-Xv-)-

*- -tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k- -bp-sS- N-cn-X-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- ]m-b-Øn¬- Aw-K-am-b-hy-‡n˛ B¿._meIrjvW]n≈

* tIc-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bn-te-°v- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- q-cn-]-£-Øn¬- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv- B¿.-F-kv.-]n. t\Xmhv F.F.-A-ko-kv- (C-c-hn-]p-cw-).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- tÃ-‰v- ssl-th-bm-Wv- ]p-\-eq-cn-s\-bpw- aq-hm-‰p-]p-g-tb-bpw- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- 153.-6 In-tem-ao-‰¿- \o-f-ap-≈-sa-bn-≥ Cu-tÃ-¨- ssl-th- (tÃ-‰v-ssl-th-˛-8).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b- sd-bn¬-th- πm-‰v-t^mw- sIm-√-Øm-Wv- (1180.-5ao.-).- C-Xv- C-¥y-bn-se- c-≠m-a-sØ- \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b- sd-bn¬-th- πm-‰v-t^m-am-Wv- (D-Ø¿- ]-tZ-in-se- tKm-c-Jv-]q¿- I-gn-™-m¬).

A]c\maßƒ* sX≥h-©n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- ÿ-

e-w ˛ sIm√w* sIm-√w- Pn-√-bn-se- C-c-´- a-’y-_-‘-\-

Xp-d-ap-J-ß-fm-Wv- \o-≠-I-c-bpw- i-‡n-Ip-f-ß-c-bpw.-

*- -bq-tdm-]y-≥ tc-J-I-fn¬- am¿-Ø- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-c-p∂Xv˛ Icp\mK∏≈n

* sk‚ v- tXm-a-kv- tIm-´- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv- X-¶-t»-cn- tIm-´-bm-Wv.- ]-Xn-\m-dmw-\q-‰m-≠n¬- (1517)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-cm-Wv- C-Xv- \n¿-an-®-Xv.- 1661˛¬- tIm-´- U-®p-Im¿-°v- kz-¥-am-bn.- 1795˛¬- tIm-´-_n-ó-jv- A-[o-\-X-bn-em-bn.- C-t∏mƒ-B¿-°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- k¿-th- Hm-^v- C-¥y-bm-Wv- tIm-´- ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xv.-

*- -tem-I-Øn-s‚- I-ip-h-≠n- X-e-ÿm-\w-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- sIm-√-am-Wv.-

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 13

*- -sX-∑-e- A-W-s°-´m-Wv- ]-c-∏m¿- Umw-F-∂pw- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

*- -tI-c-f- N-cn-X-Øn¬- C-f-bn-S-Øp- kz-cq-]w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- sIm- m-c-°-c- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-am--Wv.

][m\s∏´ hkvXpXIƒ* sIm√w,Xr»q¿ tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-Iƒ- \n-

e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- 1999 ˛¬- B-Wv.-*- -1734¬- sIm-´m-c-°-c- ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Øv- Xn-

cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- e-bn-∏-n®Xv˛ am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-

* am¿Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- sIm-√w- ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv- 1746˛-em-Wv.-

*- -G-Xp- hy-h-km-b-Øn-\p- ]-kn-≤-am-Wv-sIm-√w˛ Iiph≠n

* sIm√w Pn√ \nehn¬ h∂Xv˛ 1949Pqsse H∂v

* X¶t»cn sse‰v lukv \n¿an°s∏´h¿jw˛ 1902

* sIm-√-sØ- X-an-gv-\m-Sp-am-bn- _-‘n-∏n-°p -∂- Np -cw˛ Bcy¶mhv Npcw(sIm√w˛sN-t¶m´ sdbn¬∏mX CuNpc-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p).

* Hm®n-d- ]-c-_-“-t£-X-Øn-se- ]-[m-\- D-’-hw-˛- Hm®n-d-°-fn-bpw- ]-¥-≠p-hn-f-°pw-

* Ifna-¨- hy-h-km-b-Øn-s‚- tI-µw-˛Ip≠d

* Bim-aw- ]n-Iv-\n-Iv- hn-t√-Pv- G-Xv- Im-b-en-\p- k-ao-]-am-Wv˛ AjvSapSn

][m\ hy‡nIƒ* tIcfØnse BZysØ tIm¨Kkv

apJya¥n˛ B¿.i¶¿* cma\m -´ -Øn -s‚- D -] -⁄m-X -mh v˛

sIm´mc°cØºpcm≥ (cma\m-´-am-Wv- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- I-Y-I-fn-bm-bn- cq-]m-¥-c-s∏-´-Xv-).-

*- -B-Zy-sØ- F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-\m-bXv˛ iqc\mSv Ip™≥]n≈

* Iqdpam‰ \ntcm[\ \nbaw A\pkcn®vAtbmKyX I¬]n°s∏´ BZytIcf \nbak`mwKw˛ B¿._me-IrjvW]n≈

* IS-bv°¬ ^mt¶m F∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv˛cmL-h≥]n≈ (1939˛¬- \-S-∂- I-S-bv-°¬- k-a-c-Øn-\v- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv- ^m-t¶m- cm-L-h-≥]n-≈-bm-Wv-)-

*- -kp-P-\m-\-µn-\n- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I- ]-Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛ ]c-hq¿ tIi-h-\m-im≥

* tIi-hobw (a-e-bm-f-Ønse G‰hpwsNdnb alm-Im-hyw) cNn-®-Xv sI.kn.tIi-h-]n≈

* temIvk-`-bn¬ ]Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hmbae-bm-fn˛ kn.-Fw.-Ão-^≥

* ⁄m\-]oTw t\Snb c≠m-asØ ae-bmf Ihn˛ H. -F≥. -hn. Ipdp∏v

(BZytØXv Pn.i¶c°pdp∏v).* tIcf Iuap-Zn-bpsS ÿm]-I≥˛ kn.-

hn. Ip-™p-cm-a≥ (kn.tIihs‚`mcym]nXmhv IqSnbmWnt±lw)

* Nncnbpw Nn¥bpw cNn-®-Xv˛ C.-hn.-Ir-jvW-]n≈ (]-i-kv-X- lm-ky-\-S-\m-bn-cp-∂- A-Sq¿- `m-kn- C-t±-l-Øn-s‚- a-I-\m-Wv-)-

*- -B-Zy-am-bn- kw-hn-[m-\w- sN-bv-X- Nn-X-am-b- ]n-d-hn-bn-eq-sS- an-I-®- \-S-\p-≈- tZ-io-b- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b-Xv jmPn F≥.-I-cp¨

* BZysØ hb-em¿ Ahm¿Uv t\Sn-b-Xv˛ efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿P\w

* HmkvI¿ Ahm¿Un\v \ma-\n¿t±iwsNø-s∏´ BZy ae-bmf NnX-amb

Kpcp kwhn-[m\w sNbvX-Xv˛ cmPohvA©¬

* kam-¥-c-ßƒ- F-∂- Nn-X-Øn-eq-sS- an-I-®- \-S-\p-≈- tZ-io-b- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-\m-b-Xv-(1998)˛ _me-N-µ-ta-t\m≥

* Ifnbm´w F∂ NnX-Øn-eqsS anI®\S-\p≈ tZiob Ahm¿Un-\¿l-\m-b-Xv (1998)˛ kptc-jvtKm]n

* s\bvØp-Im-c≥ F∂ NnX-ØnseA`n-\-b-Øn\v anI® \S-\p≈ tZiobAhm¿Uv t\Sn-bXv (2002)˛ apcfn

* B¥-am-≥ \n-t°m-_m-dn¬- K-h¿-W-dm-b-a-e-bm-fn-bm-Wv- h-°w- ]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥.

][m\ ÿeßƒ* cm-a-\m- w- F-∂- ]m-No-\- I-em-cq-]-Øn-s‚

Cu-‰n-√w- sIm- m-c-°-c (cma\m´Øn-s‚-hn-I-kn-X-cq-]-am-Wv- I-Y-I-fn-)-

*- -Pn-√-bn¬- Zp-tcym-[-\-t£-Xw- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv˛ ae\S

* N´ºn-kzm-an-bp-sS- k-am-[n- F-hn-sS-b-mWv]∑\

* Ct¥m-˛-t\m¿-ho-Pn-b-≥ ^n-j-do-kv- I-Ωyp-Wn-‰n- -t]m-P-Iv-Sv- \-S-∏m-°n-b- ÿ-ew˛ \o≠Ic

* Cf-bn-S-Øp-kz-cq-]-Øn-s‚- B-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp∂Xv˛ sIm´mc°c

*- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.-tbm-K-Øn-s‚- B-ÿm-\-w˛sIm√w

* Fkv.F≥.-Un.-]n.-tbm-K-Øn-s‚- ap-J-]-X-am-Wv- tbm-K-\m-Zw.-

*- -]m-e-cp-hn- sh-≈-®m- w- G-Xp- Pn-√bn¬˛sIm√w (91 ao‰dmWv Db-cw)

* Xncp-ap-√-hm-cw- _o-®v- G-Xp- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv˛ sIm√w

* _n-ó-jp-Im¿-s°-Xn-sc- th-ep-Ø-ºn-Z-f-h- hn-fw-_-cw- \-S-Øn-b- ÿ-e-w˛Ip≠d

* amXm AarXm\µabnbpsS Biaw˛h≈n°mhv

* sIm√w Pn√-bn¬ Bwt•m-˛-C-¥y≥kwkvImcw \ne-\n¬°p∂ ÿew˛X¶-t»cn

* \o≠I-c-bv-°-Sp-Øv- Im-Sp-sh- n-sØ-fn-®v-sX-ßn-≥ tXm-∏m-bn- am-‰n-b- kv-Y-e-Øn-\v- Z-f-hm-]p-cw- F-∂- t]-cp-\¬-In-b-Xv-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- Z-f-h-bm-bn-cp-∂- A-ø-∏-≥ am¿-Øm-Wv-U-≥]n-≈-bp-sS- kv-a-c-W-bv-°m-bn-´m-Wv- (X-an-gv-\m-ń-se- I-\ym-Ip-am-cn- Pn-√-bn-se- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uw- F-∂-ÿ-e-Øn-\v- t]-cp-\¬-In-b-Xpw- C-t±-l-Øn-s‚- Hm¿-a-bv-°m-bn-´mWv).

][m\ kw`hßƒ* sIm√-h¿-jw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-˛- F.-Un.- 825

(sIm-√-h¿-jw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- cm-P-ti-J-c-h¿-a-s‚- Im-e-Øm-sW-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p-).-

*- -am¿-t°m- t]m-tfm- F-∂- C-‰m-en-b-≥ k-©m-cn-bp-sS- sIm-√w- kµ¿i-\w˛ 1293

* sIm√Øv X¶-t»-cn-bn¬ t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ tSUnwKv t]mÃv ÿm]n®h¿jw˛ 1502

* sIm√w, U®p-Im-cpsS A[o-\-X-bn-embh¿jw˛ 1661

* thepØºn Zfh Ip≠d hnfw_cw]pds∏Sphn® h¿jw˛ 1809

][m\ ÿm]\ßƒ* tÃ‰v- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- dq-d¬- U-h-e-

]v-sa-‚ v- F-hn-sS-bmWv˛ sIm´mc°c-(\mj\¬ C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v dqd¬Uh-e-]v-sa-‚ v- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-em-Wv-).-

*- -tI-c-f- sk-dm-an-Iv-kv- en-an-‰-Uv- F-hn-sS-b-mWv˛ Ip≠d

* tIcf an\d¬kv B‚ v sa‰¬kvenan‰Uv FhnsSbmWv˛ Nhd

* C¥y≥ sdb¿ F¿Øv FhnsSbmWv˛Nhd (tIµ- A-Wp-i-‡n- I-Ωn-j-s‚-ta¬-t\m- -Øn¬- tI-c-f-Øn-ep-≈- ÿm-]-\-am-Wv- C-Xv.- C-Xn-s‚- \n¿-am-W-Øn¬-k-l-I-cn-®- cm-Pyw- ^m-≥kv-)-

*- -I-ip-h-≠n- hn-I-k-\- tIm¿-∏-td-j-s‚-B-ÿm--\w˛ sIm√w

* tIcf ]ntam ss]∏v ^mIvS-dn˛ Nhd

Ipg∏n°p∂hkvXpXIƒ

*- -a-e-_m-dn¬- sIm-√w- F-∂- t]-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂- ]-´-W-am-Wv- ]-¥-em-b-\n- sIm-√w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- sIm-√-sØ- Ip-c-t°-Wn- sIm-√w- F-∂m-Wv- hn-fn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -tZ-io-b-]m-X- 744 _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- ÿ-e-ßƒ- sIm-√w-˛- Xn-cp-aw-K-ew.- tZ-io-b-]m-X- 183 _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- sIm-´m-c-°-c-˛-Un-≠n-K¬-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-Ã¬- s]m-eo-kv- tÃ-j-≥ \o-≠-I-c. tI-c-f-Øn-se-B-Zy-sØ- Sq-dn-kw- s]m-eo-kv- tÃ-j-≥ F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Pn-√-bn-se- a-´m-t©cn.

* sIm√sØbpw Xncps\¬thensbbpwBcy-¶m-hv- Np-cw- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂p.- ]m-e-°m-Sn-s\-bpw- tIm-b-º-Øq-cn-s\-bpw- _-

‘n-∏n-°p-∂- Np-c-am-Wv- ]m-e-°m-Sv- Np-cw.-*- -]-kn-≤-am-b- No-\-s°m-´m-cw- sIm-√-

Øm-Wv.- No-\-h-e-bv-°p- ]-kn-≤-am-b-tI-c-f-Øn-se- ÿ-ew- sIm-®n.-

*- -cm-a-\m-´-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv- sIm-´m-c-°-c- X-ºp-cm-\m-Wv.- am-\-th-Z-≥ F-∂-km-aq-Xn-cn- cm-Pm-hm-Wv- Ir-jv-W-\m- -Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv.-

*- -sIm-√-Øv- c-≠v- s]m-eo-kv- Pn-√-I-fp-≠v.-kn-‰n- s]m-eo-kn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- sIm-√-hpw- dq-d¬- s]m-eo-kv- Pn-√-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- sIm-´m-c-°-c--bp-am-Wv.

A]q¿h hkvXpXIƒ* Np‰ºean√mØ t£XamWv Hm®nd

]c_-“-t£-Xw.- C-hn-Sp-sØ- ]-[m-\-B-tLm-j-am-bn- Hm-®n-d-°-fn- A-c-tß-dp-∂-Xv- ]-S-\n-ew- F-∂- ÿ-e-Øm-Wv.-

*- -sIm-√w- Pn-√-bn-se- G-I- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶Xw˛ sN¥pcpWn (tIcfØnseh\yPo-hn- k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬- a-c-Øn-s‚-t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- G-I- k-t¶-Xw-)-

*- -B-im-aw- io-Ir-jv-W-kzm-an- t£-X-Øn¬- sIm-√w- ]q-cw- F-√m- h¿-j-hpw-G-]n-en¬- \-S-°p-∂p.-

*- -sIm-√-Øn-\p- k-ao-]-ap-≈- Im-b-em-Wv-A-jv-S-ap-Sn.- C-Xn¬-h-∂p- tN-cp-∂- ]-[m-\-\-Zn- I-√-S-bm-dm-Wv.- Ip-f-Øp-∏p-g,- sN-¥p-cp-Wn-∏p-g,- I¬-Øp-cp-Øn-∏p-g- F-∂o-aq-∂v- ]-hm-l-ßƒ- tN¿-∂m-Wv- I-√-S-bm-dv- cq-]w- sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.-

*- -A-jv-S-ap-Sn-°m-b-en-s‚- F-´p-im-J-I-fm-Wv- B-im-aw,- Ip-co-∏p-g,- I-√-S,-a-™-∏m-Sw,-ap-°m-S-≥,- s]-cp-a-¨,- I-≠-®n-d,- Im-™n-tcm-´v- F-∂n-h.-

*- -tk-Xp-e-£v-ao-`m-bn-∏m-ew- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- \o-≠-I-c-∏m-e-am-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-I- tZ-io-b- P-e-]m-X-bm-Wv- \m-j-W¬- hm-´¿- th-˛-3.- C-Xv-sIm-√-sØ-bpw- tIm-´-∏p-d-tØ-bpw- X-Ωn¬- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂p.-

*- -]p-\-eq-cn-s\- sN-t¶m-´-bp-am-bn- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- Np-c-am-Wv- B-cy-¶m-hv- Np-cw.-

*- -N-a-b-hn-f-°v- D¬-k-hw- \-S-°p-∂- sIm-‰w-Ip-f-ß-c- `-K-h-Xn- t£-Xw- N-h-d-bn-em-Wv.- ]p-cp-j-≥am¿- a-X-t`-Z-a-t\y- kv-Xo-th-jw-sI-ń- hn-f-s°-Sp-°¬- F-∂-N-S-ßn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- C-hn-Sp-sØ- ]-tXy-I-X.-

*- -_n-ó-jv-Im-e-Øv- \n¿-an-°-s∏-´- ]-Xn-aq-∂v- I-Æ-d-∏m-ew- sIm-√w- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv.-C-Xn-eq-sS- sIm-√w- -sN-t¶m- - sd-bn¬-th-sse-≥ I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.-

*- -ko-X-sb- cm-h-W-≥ A-]-l-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ- c-£-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ i-an-®-P-Sm-bp- F-∂- ]-£n- cm-h-W-s‚- sh-t´-‰v- \n-ew-]-Xn-®- ÿ-e-am-Wv- P-Sm-bp-]m-d-(N-S-b-aw-K-ew-)- F-∂m-Wv- hn-izm-kw.- C-hn-Sw- H-cp- hn-t\m-Z- k-©m-c- tI-µ-am-bn- hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ- ]ptcm-K-an-°p-I-bm-Wv.

NcnX]Yw* sIm√sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- B-

dmw- i-X-I-Øn-se- Ko-°v- hn-tZ-i- k-©m-cn-bm-Wv- tIm-kv-tam-kv- C-≥Un-t°m-πq-Ã-kv.-

*- -a-¨-tdm- Xp-cp-Øn-\v- B- t]-cp- \¬-In-b-Xv- tI-W¬- a- -tdm-bp-sS- kv-a-c-Wm¿-Y-am-Wv.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- d-kn-U-‚ v,-Zn-hm-≥ ]-Z-hn-Iƒ- h-ln-®- _n-ó-jp-Im-c-\m-Wv- a-¨-tdm.-

*- -_n- o-jv- -c-W-Im-e-Øv- X-¶-t»-cn- F-∂-]-tZ-iw- _n- o-jv- C-¥y-bp-sS- t\-cn- p-≈--c-W-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.- Bw-t•m- -C-¥y-≥

sk-‰n¬-sa-‚m-bn-cp-∂- X-¶-t»-cn-,- Xn-cp-s\¬-th-en- Pn-√-bp-sS- `m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p.

14 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

Practice TestKollam

1. The most famous king of the kingdom ofKochi:(a) Marthanda Varma (b) PazhassiRaja (c) SakthanThampuran (d) Manavedan

2. The first to become prime minister ofTravancore in 1948:(a) C.Kesavan(b) Pattom Thanu Pillai(c) A.J. John (d) Panampilly

3. The first woman to become ChiefSecretary in Kerala:(a) Padma Ramachandran(b) Sheela Thomas(c) Neela Gangadharan(d) None of these

4. The founder of the modern Travancore:(a) Swathi Thirunal(b) Marthanda Varma(c) Swathi Thirunal(d) Chithira Thirunal

5. The first woman magistrate of Kerala:(a) Fatima Beevi (b) R.Sreelekha(c) Omanakunjamma (d)K.K. Usha

6. The first chairperson of the Women’sCommission in Kerala:(a) M.Kamalam (b) D.Sreedevi(c) Sugathakumari (d) None of these

7. The second to become Prime Minister inTravancore after independence:

(a) Paravur T.K. Narayana Pillai(b) Pattom Thanu Pillai(c) A.J. John (d) C.Kesavan

8. Who headed the first ministry inTravancore-Cochin:(a) Paravur T.K. Narayana Pillai(b) Pattom Thanu Pillai(c) C.Kesavan (d) AJ John

9. Who became the Chief Minister ofTravancore-Cochin after the firstelection?(a) Pattom Thanu Pillai (b) C.Kesavan(c) Paravur T.K. (d) AJ John

10. The founder of the KeralaKalamandalam:(a) Kumaranasan (b) Vallathol(c) Ulloor (d) Changampuzha

11. The first director of the Kelala LanguageInstitute:(a) Vallathol (b) Sardar KMPanicker (c) Kumaranasan(d) NV Krishnavarier

12. ‘Pathinetara Kavikal’ lived in the court of:(a) Manavedan (b) Manavikraman(c) Swathi Thirunal(d) Marthanda Varma

13. Who sent ‘Chaverpada’ to Mamankom?(a) Marthanda Varma (b) Samoothiri(c) Kolathiri (d) Valluvakonathiri

14. Who founded Prajamandalam in Kochi?

Persons in Kerala History

1. The first eco-tourism in India(a) Panipat (b) Thenmala(c) Mattancheri (c) Punalur

2. Resul Pookkutty got Oscar Award in theyear(a) 2009 (b) 2010(c) 2011 (d) 2012

3. The first Coastal Police Station inKerala(a) Vizhinjam (b) Mattancheri(c) Neendakara (c) Kannur

4. The year of Peruman Tragedy(a) 1987 (b) 1989(c) 1990 (d) 1988

5. Marthanda Varma conquerded Kollam

in the year(a) 1734 (b) 1746(c) 1846 (d) 1834

6. The founder of Kerala Kaumudi(a) C.Kesavan (b) R Sankar(c) C.V. Kunjuraman (d) Dr. Palpu

7. The resting palce of ChattampiSwamikal(a) Panmana (b) Varkala(c) Neendakara (d) Thenmala

8. Who visited Kollam in 1293 ?(a) Ibn Batuta (b) Mahuan(c) Vasco da Gama (d) Marco Polo

9. Where is State Institute of RuralDevelopment ?

(a) Neendakara (b) Kottarakkara(c) Kundara (d) Punalur

10. Where is Kerala Ceramics Limited ?(a) Chavara (b) Punalur(c) Kundara (d) Kottarakkara

11. Which wild life sanctury is situated inKollam district ?(a) Neyyar (b) Aaralam(b) Peppara (d) Shendurney

12. The headquarters of SNDP Yogam(a) Varkala (b) Aruvippuram(b) Chempazhanthi (d) Kollam

13. The exponent of Ramanattom(a) Marthanda Varma(b) Kottarakkara Tampuram(c) Manaveda Zamorin (c) None of these

14. The first textile mill in Kerala wasestablished at(a) Punalur (b) Kundara(c) Kollam (d) Neendakara

15. The first Abkari Court in Kerala wasestablished at(a) Kottarakkara (b) Kollam(c) Chavara (d) Neendakara

16. The year of first railway line inTravancore was established(a) 1894 (b) 1904(c) 1914 (d) 1924

17. The largest fresh water lake in Kerala(a) Vembanad (b) Vellayani(c) Veli (d) Sasthamkotta

18. Which place was known as Martha inEuropean records?

(a) Karunagappally (b) Chavara(c) Neendakara (d) Kollam

19. Which fort in Kerala history is known asSt. Thomas Fort?(a) Pallippuram (b) Kannur(c) Anchengo (d) Thangasseri

20. For which industry Kundara is famous?(a) Clay (b) Glass(c) Textiles (d) Tile

21. The year of Kundara Proclamation(a) 1909 (b) 1809(c) 1819 (d) 1829

22. The seat of Kerala Minerals and MetalsLimited(a) Punalur (b) Kundra(c) Chavara (d) Kottarakkara

23. The exponent of Laksham Veedu Project(a) R.Shankar (b) C. Kesavan(c) M.N.Govindan Nair (d)C.V.Kunjuraman

24. The first butterfly park in Kerala(a) Thenmala (b) Punalur(c) Kundara (d) Kunnathur

25. The Thangasseri Fort was constructedby the(a) British (b) Dutch(c) French (d) Portuguese

Answers1(b) 2(a) 3(c) 4(d) 5(b) 6(c) 7(a)8(d) 9(b) 10(c) 11(d) 12(d) 13(b) 14(c)15(a) 16(b) 17(d) 18(a) 19(d) 20(a) 21(b)22(c) 23(c) 24(a) 25(d)

Selected QuestionsFacts about Kerala(a) VR Krishananezhuthachan(b) Kuroor Nampoothiri(c) Panampilly (d) AG Velayudhan

15. The real name of Pazhassi Raja:(a) Kottayam Keralavarma (b) SakthanThampuran (c) KarthikaThirunal (d) Manavikraman

16. The first elected speaker of Kochi is thefirst elected speaker in a Legislature inIndia. What is his name?(a) L.M. Pylee (b) Panampilly(c) AR Menon (d) AS Menon

17. Who presided over the conferencewhich formed the branch of IndianNational Congress in Travancore?(a) Pattom Thanu Pillai(b) C.V. Kunjuraman(c) Pattabhi Seetharamaiah(d) P.S.Nataraja Pillai

18. Who became the President of India afterholding the post of Governor in Kerala?(a) Zakkir Hussain (b) V.V. Giri(c) Sanjeeva Reddy (d) KR Narayanan

19. Who performed ‘Trippadidanam’:(a) Marthanda Varma(b) Sakthan Thampuran(c) Swathi Thirunal (d) Ayilyam Thirunal

20. The Zamorin king who was the exponentof Krishanattom?(a) Manavikraman (b) Manavedan

(c) Sakthan (d) None of these21. The exponent of ‘Kathakali’:

(a) Kottarakkara Thampuran(b) Dharama Raja(c) Swathi Thirunal (d) None of these

22. Who got the first J.C. Daniel Award?(a) T.E. Vasudevan (b) Krishnan Nair(c) Thikkurissi (d) Yesudas

23. Which is not correctly matched(FirstAward and Recipient) ?(a) Vayalar Award- LalithambikaAntherjanam(b) Vallathol Award- Pala Narayanan Nair(c) Ezhuthachan Award- SooranadKunhan Pillai(d) Basheer Puraskaram- ONV

24. The first Chief Justice of Kerala:(a) K.T. Koshi (b) KK Usha(c) Fatima Beevi (d) None of these

25. The first Malayali to become theChairman of Rajya Sabha:(a) MM Jacob (b) KR Narayanan(c) VV Giri (d) None of these

Answers1 (c) 2(b) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(c) 7(a) 8(a) 9(d)10(b) 11(d) 12(b) 13(d) 14(a) 15(a) 16(a) 17(c)18(b) 19(a) 20(b) 21(a) 22(a) 23(d) 24(a) 25(b)

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 15

C¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ßƒlcn-bm\

BZytØXv* C¥ybnse BZysØ Ct°m Su¨˛

]m\n∏´v* C¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tdm-°v- Km¿-U-

≥ ˛ NWvVn-KVv (CXv cq]Iev]\sNbvXXv t\Iv Nµv)

kq∏¿te‰ohpIƒ* C¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Im¿- \n¿-

am-W- I-º-\n-bm-b- am-cp-Xn-˛-kp-kp-In-bp-sS- ]-[m-\- πm-‚p-Iƒ- Kp-Uv-K-mhv-(Gurgaon), at\-k¿- F-∂o- ÿ-e-ß-fn-em-Wv.-

* lcnbm\bnse G‰hpw henb\KcamWv ^coZm_mZv.

A]c\maßƒ* lcnbm-\- l-cn-t°-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-

S-p∂Xv˛ I]n¬tZhv* C¥y-bp-sS- _yq-ń-^pƒ- kn-‰n- F-∂-dn-

b-s∏-Sp-∂-X-v˛ NWvUnKVv* s\bvØp-Im-cp-sS- \-K-cw- F-∂-dn-b-dn-

b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv˛ ]m\n∏´v

][m\s∏´ hkvXpXIƒ* kp¬Øm≥]q¿ ]£nkt¶Xw GXp

kwkvYm\Øv˛ lcnbm\* KpUvKmhv hyhkmb taJe GXp

kwÿm\Øv˛ lcnbm\* alm`mcX bp≤w \S∂Xv ˛

Ipcpt£XØn¬ (18 Zn-h-kw- \o-≠p-\n-∂p-)-

][m\ hy‡nIƒ* _ln-cm-Im-i-Øp-t]m-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-

≥ hw-i-P˛ I¬]\ Nuf (I¿-Wm-en-em-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv-)-

* HfnºnIvkn¬ hy‡nKX kz¿Wwt\Snb BZy C¥y°mc≥˛ A`n\hv_nµ (2008)

* C¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- kv-]o-

°-¿˛ jmt\mtZhn (1966 Unkw_¿ 6apX¬ 1967 am¿®v 17 hsc)

][m\ ÿeßƒ* lcn-bm-\-bp-sS- X-e-ÿm-\-am-b- B-kq-

Xn-X- \Kcw˛ NWvUoKVv (te- tIm¿-_p -kn -sb - B-Wv - tbm -P -\m -\n¿-am-Xm-hv-)-

][m\ kw`hßƒ* ]m\n∏´p bp≤ßƒ \S∂ h¿jßƒ˛

1526, 1556, 1761* Xmt\iz¿ bp≤ßƒ \S∂

h¿jßƒ˛ 1191, 1192* C¥y≥ B¿anbpsS shtÃ¨

Iam≥Uns‚ Bÿm\wNWvUnaµndnemWv.

][m\ ÿm]\ßƒ* \mjW¬ Ubdn dnk¿®v C≥Ãn‰yq´v

FhnsSbmWv˛ I¿Wm¬* \mjW¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- A-\n-a¬-

sh¬-s^-b¿,- \m-j-W¬- ]-h¿- sS-bn-\nw-Kv- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- F-∂n-h- ^-co-Zm-_m-Zn-em-Wv.-

*- \m-j-W¬- _-bn-≥ dn-k¿-®v- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- a-t\-k-dn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- ^p-Uv- sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn-Kp¿-Km-hn-em-Wv.-

*- -sk-≥S¬- C-≥kv-‰n-‰yq- v- t^m¿- Z- dn-k¿-®v- Hm-¨- _-^-tem-kv- ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂- \-K-c-am-Wv lnkm¿.

Ipg∏n°p∂ hkvXpXIƒ* C¥ybn¬ G‰hpw h\hnkvXrXn

Ipd™ FXmasØ kwÿm\amWvlcnbm\˛ c≠masØ (G‰hpw Ipdhv]©m_n¬)

* H∂mw- Xm-t\-iz¿- bp-≤-Øn¬- (1191)-ap-l-Ω-Zv- tKm-dn-bp-sS- Xp¿-°n-∏-S-sb- U¬-ln- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-b- ]r-Yzn-cm-Pv- Nu-

lm-≥ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn.- c-≠mw- Xm-t\-

iz¿- bp-≤-Øn¬- (1192)-Nu-lm-s\- tKm-

dn- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- U¬-ln-bn¬-

C-…m-an-I- -c-W-Øn-\v- A-Sn-Ø-d-bn-Sp-I-

bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

*- -H-∂mw- ]m-\n-∏- p- bp-≤-Øn¬- (1526)- _m-

_¿,- C-_m-lnw- tem-[n-sb- tXm¬-]n-

®p.- c-≠mw- ]m-\n-∏-´v- bp-≤-Øn¬- (1556)-

ap-Kƒ- tk-\-sb- A-Iv-_¿-°p-th-≠n- \-

bn-®- ss_-dmw- Jm-≥,- B-Zn¬-jm-bp-sS-

]-S-\-bn-®- tl-ap-hn-s\- tXm¬-]n-®p-).- aq-

∂mw- ]m-\n-∏-´p-bp-≤-Øn¬- A-l-Ω-Zv-

jm- A-_v-Zm-en-bp-sS- (A-l-Ω-Zv- jm- Zp-

cm-\n- F-∂pw- A-dn-b-s∏-´p-)- t\-Xr-Xz-

Øn¬- A-^v-Km-≥ ssk-\yw- k-Zm-in-h-

dm-hp-hn-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈- a-dm-Ø-

sc- tXm¬-]n-®p- (1761).

A]q¿h hkvXpXIƒ* chn \Znbnse sXbn≥ AWs°ńs‚

]pXnb t]c v˛ cRvPnXv kmK¿(lcnbm\)

* lcnbm\-bn-se- kn¿-k- B-ÿm-\-am-bp-≈- B-flo-b- kw-L-S-\˛ tZcm k®mkuZ

* L§¿ \Zn HgpIp∂ kwÿm\w˛lcnbm\

* B`y-¥-c- In-°-‰n¬- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬-°-dp-sS- A-h-km-\- a¬-k-cw- l-cn-bm-\-So-an-s\-Xn-sc-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -Xm-t\-iz-c-Øp-\n-∂v- I-\u-Pn-te-°v- (D-Ø¿- ]-tZ-iv-)- X-e-ÿm-\w- am-‰n-b- ]p-jy- q-Xn- hw-i-Øn-se- cmPmhv l¿j≥

*- kao-]Im-eØv- U¬ln-tbm-Sv - tN¿-°s∏´ lcn-bm-\bn-se Pn-√bm-Wv-I¿-Wm¬.-

]tXyIXIƒ* C¥ybpsS ]m¬sØmń (Milk pail of India) F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ kwÿm\w* ]ńIh¿K°m¿ G‰hpw Ipdhp≈ C¥y≥ kwÿm\w* DØtc¥ybn¬ BZyambn hnf C≥jpd≥kv G¿s∏SpØnb kwÿm\w* F√m Kmaßfpw sshZypXoIcn°s∏´ BZy C¥y≥ kwÿm\w* C¥ybn¬ BZyambn en^v‰v CdntKj≥ ]≤Xn \S∏m°nb kwÿm\w* C¥ybn¬ BZyambn aqey h¿[nX \nIpXn (Value Added Tax)G¿s∏SpØnb kwÿm\w* SqdnÃv tImwπIvkpIƒ°v ]£nIfpsS t]cv \¬Inbncn°p∂ kwÿm\w* ssZhØns‚ hmkÿew (Abode of God) F∂v t]cn\¿Yap≈ kwÿm\w* F√m thm´¿am¿°pw Xncn®dnb¬ Im¿Uv hnXcWw sNbvX BZykwÿm\w* C¥ybnemZy-ambn samss_¬ \º¿ t]m¿´-_n-en‰n (tk-h-\-Zm-Xm-hns\am‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kuI-cyw) kwhn-[m\w \ne-hn¬h∂ kwÿm\w (2010 \hw-_¿).* hnIemwK¿ F∂ hm°v \nba]cambn \ntcm[n® BZy kwÿm\amWvlcnbmW.

1.The first satellite freight city in India:(a) Panipat (b) Ambala(c) Chandigarh (d) Gurgaon

2. Haryana is the ....... State whereMobile Portability System waslaunched by Telecom Department:.(a) First (b) Second(c) Third (d) Fourth

3. Bird sanctuary is in Haryana:(a) Ghana (b) Guindy(c) Sultanpur (d) Rangathittu

4. Haryana state was created in:(a) 1956 (b) 1966(c) 1960 (d) 1970

5. Which place is not in Haryana?(a) Kurukshetra (b) Karnal(c) Patiala (d) Faridabad

6. The tourist complexes in Haryana arenamed after......(a) Birds (b) Reptiles(c) Mammals (d) Animals

7. Haryana is the first state in northIndia to implement .....(a) Crop insurance

(b) Large scale lift irrigation(c) Identity cards to all voters(d) All of these

8. Which is known as the ‘beautiful city’in India?(a) Gurgaon (b) Chandigarh(c) Panipat (d) Hissar

9. National Diary Reasearch Institute is in:(a) Chandigarh (b) Karnal(c) Rohtak (d) Sonepat

10. First state to electrify all the villages:(a) Punjab (b) UP(c) Haryana (d) Kerala

11. ....... is a joint venture of Rajastan,Punjab and Haryana:(a) Nathpa Jhakri (b) Baghlihar(c) Sardar Sarovar(d) Bhakra Nangal

12. The main language of Haryana is ......(a) Punjabi (b) Pahari(c) Hindi (d) Gujarati

13. ...... is known as weaver’s city:(a) Panipat (b) Gurgaon(c) Faridabad (d) Karnal

14. Select the year which is not relatedto Battle of Panipat:(a) 1556 (b) 1526(c) 1576 (d) 1761

15. Thein Dam is now known as:(a) Renjith Sagar (b) Gobind Sagar(c) Pant sagar (d) None of these

16. The Indus valley site ...... is inHaryana.(a) Lothal (b) Kalibangan(c) Banawali (d) Ropar

17. The first eco-town in India:(a) Gurgaon (b) Karnal(c) Hissar (d) Panipat

18. The first rock garden in India:(a) Chandigarh (b) Panipat(c) Ambala (d) Mahendragarh

19. Haryana is known as the...... of India.(a) Sugar bowl (b) Rice bowl(c) Frurit basket (d) Milk pail

20. The headquarters of Maruti UdyogLimited is in .....(a) Chandigarh (b) Gurgaon(c) Panipat (d) Karnal

21. Which is not a planned city?(a) New Delhi (b) Chandigarh(c) Gandhinagar (d) Varanasi

22. Chandigarh was designed by ......(a) Edwin Lutyens (b) Herbert Baker(c) Le Coubusier (d) None of these

23. The Tribune is published from......(a) Gurgaon (b) Chandigarh(c) Faridabad (d) Panipat

24. First in the state to link all villageswith all weather roads:(a) Punjab (b) H.P.(c) Haryana (d) UP

25. Who is known as ‘Haryana Hurricane’?(a) Kapil Dev (b) AbhinavBhindra (c) Nek Chand(d) Le Coubusier

Answers1 (d) 2(a) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(a) 7(d) 8(b)9(b) 10(c) 11(d) 12(c) 13(a) 14(b) 15(a)16(c) 17(d) 18(a) 19(d) 20(b) 21(d) 22(c)23(b) 24(c) 25(a)

Practice TestHaryana

6

16 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

CuPn]vXv* B^n-°-bp-sS- h-S-°p-In-g-t°- aq-e-bn-

epw- G-jy-bp-sS- sX-°p- ]-Sn-™m-td- aq-e-bn-ep-am-bn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- cm-Py-am-Wv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv.-

*- -Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\-am-b- sI-bv-tdm-ss\¬-\-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øp-≈- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-K-c-hpw- B-^n-°-≥ h-≥I-c-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-K-c-hp-am-Wv.-

*- -H-cn-°-ep-ap-d-ßm-Ø- \-K-cw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- sI-bv-tdm-bm-Wv.-

*- -ss\¬- \-Zn-bp-sS- Zm-\w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xm-Wv.- N-cn-X-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hm-b- sl-tdm-tUm-´-km-Wv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s\- A-]-Im-cw- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.-

*- -]n-c-an-Up-I-fp-sS- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xm-Wv.- ]m-No-\- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- i-h-Ip-So-c-ß-fm-Wv- C-h.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- \m-i-\-sØ- A-Xn-Po-hn-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- \n¿-an-Xn-bm-Wv- ]n-c-an-Up-Iƒ.- Kn-k- ]n-c-an-Un-\p- k-ao-]-am-Wv-kv-^n-≥Iv-kv.-

*- -sa-Un-‰-td-\n-b-s\-bpw- sN-¶-S-en-s\-bpw-_-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- kq-b-kv- I-\m-en-s‚- \n¿-am-Ww- 1869˛¬- ]q¿-Øn-bm-bn.- s^¿-Un-\m-≥Uv- se-k-]v-kv- F-∂- ^-©v- F-©n-\o-b-dm-Wv- C-Xv- cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xv.-]-th-i-\-®m¬- Dƒ-s∏-sS- kq-b-kv- I-\m-

en-\v- 193.-3 In-tem-ao-‰¿- \o-f-ap-≠v- (]-[m-\- I-\m-en-s‚- \o-fw- 162 In.-ao-).- Cu-Pn-]v-jy-≥ ]-kn-U-‚m-bn-cp-∂- \m-k¿-1956˛¬- kq-b-kv- I-\m¬- tZ-i-km-Xv-I-cn-®p.-

*- -Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s‚- G-jy-≥ `m-K-am-Wv- kn-\m-bv- D-]-Zzo-]v.-

*- -_n.-kn.- 322˛¬- A-e-Iv-km-≠¿- N-I-h¿-Øn-bm-Wv- A-e-Iv-km-≠n-b- Xp-d-ap-Jw-ÿm-]n-®-Xv.-

*- -ss\¬- \-Zn-bn¬- D-Ø-c- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬-\n¿-an-®n-cn-°p-∂- A-W-s°- m-Wv- A-kzm-≥ Umw.-

*- -Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- kn-\m-bv- ]¿-h-Xw- Pq-X-≥am¿,- ap-…n-ßƒ,- In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ- F-∂n-h¿- hn-ip-≤-am-bn- I-W-°m-°p-∂p.-

*- -]p-cm-X-\- Cu-Pn-]v-jy-≥ P-\-X-bp-sS- en-

1. Who called Egypt ‘the gift of the Nile’?(a) Hippocrates (b) Cicero(c) Herodotus (d) Ptolemy

2. The capital of Egypt:(a) Khartoum (b) Cairo(c) Bamako (d) Cape Town

3. Egypt is the ....... most populouscountry in the continent of Africa.(a) Fourth (b) Third(c) second (d) Fifth

4. Egypt is known as:(a) Land of Cakes (b) Land of Lilies(c) Land of Maple (d) Land of Pyramid

5. The Suez Canal was opened in .........(a) 1869 (b) 1879(c) 1889 (d) 1909

6. The Suez Canal connects Mediterra-nean Sea and .........(a) Atlantic Ocean (b) Red Sea(c) Pacific Ocean (d) Black Sea

7. The Suez Canal was nationalised in.......(a) 1955 (b) 1957(c) 1956 (d) 1958

8. The Egyptian president who nationalised

Suez Canal:(a) Hozni Mubarak (b) Anwar Sadat(c) Abdul Nasser (d) Ferdinand deLesseps

9. The architect of Suez canal is .........(a) Gustav Eiffel (b) Ferdinand deLesseps (c) Bartholdi(d) Courbusier

10. The nationality of Ferdinand deLesseps:(a) Egypt (b) USA(c) Switzerland (d) France

11. The length of Suez Canal is now .......kms(a) 192 (b) 292(c) 392 (d) 492

12. ......... is the Asian part of Egypt.(a) Gaza (b) Sinai Peninsula(c) Anatolia (d) Asia Minor

13. T he city of Alexandria was founded by...... in B.C.332.(a) Caesar (b) Cleopatra(c) Alexander the Great (d) Ptolemy

14. .......was the script of ancient Egyptians.

(a) Hieroglyphics (b) Cuneiform(c) Pictographic (d) Devanagari

15. Ancient Egyptians worshipped ........(a) Rats (b) Cats(c) Tiger (d) Elephant

16. Who among the following was thequeen of Egypt?(a) Sheba (b) Victoria(c) Cleopatra (d) None of these

17. The first woman ruler in the worldhistory is ........ of Egypt, a womanFaroa.(a) Hathshepsut (b) Sheba(c) Helen (d) Cleopatra

18. Which of the following is in Egypt?(a) Colossium (b) Hagia Sofia(c) Sphinx (d) Machu Pichu

19. In which country is Giza pyramid?(a) Mexico (b) Egypt(c) Sudan (d) Congo

20. Who ruled Egypt in ancient times?(a) Caesar (b) Nizam(c) Pharaoh (d) Kaizer

21. Which is developed for the first time by

]n-bm-Wv- lo-tdm-•n-^n-Iv-kv.- C-h¿- ]q-®-sb- B-cm-[n-®n-cp-∂p.-

*- -¢n-tbm-]m-S- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- cm-⁄n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -ku-c- ]-©mw-Kw- hn-I-kn-∏n-®-Xv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xp-Im-cm-Wv.-

*- -sN-ºv- B-Zy-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xp-Im-cm-Wv.-

*- -tem-I-N-cn-X-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-Wv- lm-Xv-tj-]v-kp-Xv-F-∂- h-\n-Xm- ^-tdm-h.-

*- -_m-°v- kv-tSm-°v- \o-¥¬- I-≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xp-Im-cm-Wv.-

*- -]p-cm-X-\-Im-e-sØ- k-]v-Xm-Zv- p-X-ß-fn¬-C-t∏m-gpw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xv- Kn-k-bn-se-]n-c-an-Uv- am-X-am-Wv.-

*- -Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]n-c-an-Um-Wv- Kn-k-bn-se- ]n-c-an-Uv.-

*- -H-cp- Zn-h-k-sØ- B-Zy-am-bn- 24 a-Wn-°q-dm-bn- `m-Kn-®-Xv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xp-Im-c-mWv.

F¬ km¬h-tUm¿* a[y- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-

Ww- Ip-d-™-Xpw- G-‰-hpw- P-\-km-µ-X-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am-b- cm-Py-am-Wv- F¬- km¬-h-tUm¿.-

*- -km-≥ km¬-h-tUm¿- B-Wv- X-e-ÿm-\w.- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- m-j- Im-Ãn-en-b-≥.- bq-Wn-‰-dn- ]-kn-U-≥jy¬- tIm-¨-Ãn-‰yq-j-W¬- dn-∏-ªn-°m-Wv- Cu- cm-Pyw.-

*- -A-Xv-em-‚n-Iv- k-ap-Z-hp-am-bn- A-Xn¿-Øn-bn-√m-Ø- G-I- a-[y- A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Py-

am-Wn-Xv.-*- -tb-ip- In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- t]-cn¬- \m-a-I-c-

Ww- sN-ø-s∏-´- tem-I-Øn-se- G-I- cm-Py-am-Wv- F¬- km¬-h-tUm¿.-

*- -kv-]m-\n-jv- A-[n-\n-th-i-Øn-\p-ap-ºv-F¬- km¬-h-tUm¿- A-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-t]-cm-Wv- I-kv-Im-‰v-em-≥.-

*- -2001 h-sc- sIm-tfm-¨- B-bn-cp-∂p- \m-W-bw.- C-t∏mƒ- bp.-F-kv.-tUm-f-dm-Wv- \m-W-bw.-

*- -cm-Py-sØ- ]-[m-\- hw-io-b- hn- m-K-am-Wv-sa-Ãn-tkm.- td-ma≥ ItØmen°cmWvapJy aXhn`mKw.

CIzn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Kn\nb* B^n-°-bp-sS- tIm-¨-k-¨-tS-j-≥

Iym-ºv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-Py-am-Wv- a-[y- B-^n-°-bn-se- H-cp- sN-dp-cm-Py-am-

b- C-Izn-t‰m-dn-b¬- Kn-\n-b.-*- -a-em-t_m- B-Wv- X-e-ÿm-\w.- sk-≥S¬-

B-^n-°-≥ ^m-¶v- B-Wv- \m-W-bw.-In-kv-Xp-a-X-am-Wv- cm-Py-sØ- ]-[m-\- a-Xw.-

*- -`q-a-[y-tc-J- Cu- cm-Py-Øp-Iq-Sn- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.- 1968˛¬- kv-s]-bn-\n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- kzm-X-¥yw- t\-Sn-b-Xv.-

*- -tem-I-Øv- kv-]m-\n-jv- m-j- kw-km-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- cm-Py-am-Wv- C-Izn-t‰m-dn-b¬- Kn-\n-b.-

*- -B-^n-°-≥ h-≥I-c-bn¬- kv-]m-\n-jv- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- m-j-bm-b- G-I- cm-Py-am-Wv- C-Izn-t‰m-dn-b¬- Kn-\n-b.- ^-©n-\pw- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- `-mjm ]Zhnbp≠v.

Practice Test

temI-Pm-eIw 4

the Egyptians?(a) Compas (b) Paper(c) Solar Calendar (d) Gun powder

22. Which Dam is in Egypt?(a) Three Gorges (b) Aswan(c) Tehri (d) Hoover

23. Which mountain in Egypt is holy forJews, Christians and Muslims?(a) Ararat (b) Table Mount(c) Sinai (d) Calvary

24. ....... was used for the first time by theEgyptians.(a) Copper (b) Gold(c) Iron (d) Silver

25. Lake Nasser is formed in the river......(a) Orange (b) Congo(c) Niger (d) Nile

Answers1 (c) 2(b) 3 (b) 4 (d) 5(a) 6(b) 7(c) 8(c) 9(b)10(d) 11(a) 12(b) 13(c) 14(a) 15(b) 16(c)17(a) 18(c) 19(b) 20(c) 21(c) 22(b) 23(c)24(a) 25(d)

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 17

Indian Economy

* cq]bp-sS- ap-≥Km-an- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- dp-∏n-b- F-∂- \m-W-bw- C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- C-d-°n-b- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- tj¿-jm- kq-cn-(1486˛-1545)-bm-Wv.- sh-≈n- F-∂¿-Y-ap-≈- du-]y-Iw- F-∂- kw-kv-Ir-X- hm-°n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- C-Xv- D-Zv-`-hn-®-Xv.-

*- -11.-54 Kmw- Xq-°-ap-≈- sh-≈n- \m-W-b-am-bn-cp-∂p- dp-∏n-b.- _n-ó-jv- Io-cp-sS- k-a-b-Øpw- sh-≈n- \m-W-bw- Xp-S¿-∂p.-

*- -1815 h-sc- a-Zm-kv- ]-kn-U-≥kn-bn¬- -Ww- A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈- I-d-≥kn-bm-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- 12 ^-Ww- H-cp- cq-]-bv-°v- Xp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -I-d-≥kn- t\m-´p-Iƒ- C-d-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw- k¿-°m-cn¬- \n-£n-]v-X-am-°n-b-\n-b-a-am-Wv- 1861 -se- t]-∏¿- I-d-≥kn- B-Iv-Sv.-

*- -_n-ó-jp-Im¿- C-¥y-bn¬- 1862˛¬- C-d-°n-b- \m-W-b-Øn¬- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- dm-Wn-bp-sS- Nn-X-ß-fm-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -1861˛¬- B-Zy-am-bn- ]-Øp-cq-]- t\m-´v-]p-d-Øn-d-°n.- 1864˛¬- 20 cq-]-t\m-´pw-1875˛¬- A-©p-cq-]- t\m-´pw- 1900˛¬- 100cq-]m-t\m-´pw- 1905˛¬- 50 cq-]m- t\m-´pw-

1907˛¬- 500 cq-]m- t\m-´pw- 1909˛¬- 1000cq-]m- t\m-´pw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´p.-

*- -dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- t\m-´v- A-®-Sn-°m-≥ B-cw- n-®-Xv- 1938 -em-Wv.- 2,-5,-10,-100,- 1000,- 10000 aq-ey-ap-≈- t\m- p-I-fm-Wv-C-d-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- H-cp- cq-]m- t\m- v- tI-µ-k¿-°m-cm-Wv- C-d-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -1949˛¬- 5000,- 10000 F-∂o- aq-ey-ap-≈- t\m-´p-Iƒ- dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n.- 20 cq-],- 50 cq-]- t\m-´p-Iƒ- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b-Xv- 1970I-fn-em-Wv.-

*- -A-W- k-º-Zm-b-Øn-se- \m-W-b-ßƒ- C-¥y-bn¬- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- 1950 Hm-K-Ãv-15˛-\m-Wv.- H-cp- cq-]- 16 A-W-bv-°v- k-a-am-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- Z-imw-i- \m-W-b- k-º-Zm-bw-G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- 1957 G-]n¬- H-∂n-\m-Wv. H-cp- cq-]m-sb-∂m¬- 100 \-bm-ss]-k-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- 1964˛¬- \-bm- ss]-k- F-∂- ]-tbm-Kw- \n¿-Ø-em-°n.-

*- -100 cq-]-bv-°v- ap-I-fn¬- aq-ey-ap-≈- t\m-´p-Iƒ- 1978˛¬- \n¿-Ø-em-°n.- 1987˛¬-500 cq-]m- t\m-´pw- 2000˛¬- B-bn-cw- cq-]m- t\m-´pw- \n-e-hn¬- h-∂p.- 1996˛¬- a-lm-flm-Km-‘n- ko-co-kv- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´p.-

*- -kz-X-¥- C-¥y-bn-se- \m-W-b-ßƒ- Ip-t]m-˛-\n-°¬- \n¿-an-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.- 1988˛-em-Wv- sÃ-bn-≥se- v- Ão¬- \m-W-b-ßƒ- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv.-

*- -2010˛-em-Wv- C-¥y-≥ cq-]-bp-sS- ]-Xo-Iw- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv.- X-an-gv-\m-Sv- kz-tZ-in- Un.-D-Z-b-Ip-am-dm-Wv- A-Xv- cq-]-I-ev-

]-\- sN-bv-X-Xv.-*- -A-©p-cq-]m- t\m-ń¬- Sm-Iv-S-dn-s‚- Nn-X-

am-Wp-≈-Xv.- C-Xn-\v- ]-®- \n-d-am-Wv.-*- -]-Øp-cq-]m- t\m-ń¬- B-\-bpw- I-Sp-h-

bpw- Im-≠-ar-K-hpw- Nn-Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.- C-Xn-\v- Hm-d-©v-˛-h-b-e-‰v- \n-d-am-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-hr-£-am-Wv- 20 cq-]m- t\m-ń-se- Nn-Xw.- C-Xn-\v- Np-h-∏v-˛-Hm-d-©v- \n-d-am-Wv.-

*- -A-º-Xp-cq-]m- t\m- n¬- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-s‚- Nn-X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.- C-Xn-\v- h-b-e-‰v- \n-d-am-Wv.-

*- -ln-am-e-b- ]¿-h-X-Øn-s‚- Nn-X-am-Wv- 100cq-]m- t\m-ń-ep-≈-Xv.- C-Xn-s‚- \n-dw- \o-e-˛-]-®-bm-Wv.-

*- -Km-‘n-Pn-bp-sS- Z-Wv-Un- am¿-®v- Nn-Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- 500 cq-]m- t\m- n-em-Wv.- H-

en-hv- -a-™- \n-d-am-Wv- 500 cq-]m- t\m- v.-*- -C-¥y-≥ k-º-Zv- hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- 1000 cq-

]-bp-sS- t\m- n-se- ]-ta-bw.- Bw-_¿- sd-Uv- B-Wv- t\m-ń-s‚- \n-dw.-

*- -\n¿-Ø-em-°n-b- c-≠p- cq-]m- t\m-ń¬- I-Sp-h-bp-sS- Nn-X-am-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ I-d-≥kn-bn¬- Nn-Xw- A-®-Sn-°-

s∏-´- G-I- hy-‡n- a-lm-flm- Km-‘n-bm-Wv.- 1996 -em-Wv- a-lm-fl-Km-‘n- ko-co-kv-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv.-

*- -kz-X-¥- C-¥y-bp-sS- \m-W-b-Øn¬- ]-Xy-£-s∏- - B-Zy- hy-‡n- P-hm-l¿-em¬-s\-lp-hm-Wv.-

*- -_n- o-jn-¥y-bn-se- I-d-≥kn-bn¬- Nn-Xw-A-®-Sn-°-s∏- - A-h-km-\-sØ- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- tPm¿-Pv- B-dm-a-≥ cm-Pm-hm-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- t\m-´p- _m-¶p-Iƒ- ÿm-]n-®n-cn -°p-∂- ÿ-e-ß-fm-Wv- \m-kn-Iv - (a-lm-cm-jv -S-), - tZ-hm-kv- (a-[y-]-tZ-iv -), - km¬-t_m-Wn- (]-›n-a- _w-Kmƒ-),- ssa-kq¿- (I¿-Wm-S-Iw-)- F-∂n-h.- hm-´¿-am¿-°v- t]-∏¿- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- a-[y-]-tZ-in-se- tlm-jw-Km-_m-Zn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- \m-W-b-a-Sn-°p-∂- an-‚p-Iƒ-ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂- ÿ-e-ß-fm-Wv- apw-ss_,-sIm¬-°-Ø,- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv,- t\m-bn-U- F-∂n-h.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ I-d-≥kn-bn¬- 17 m-j-I-fn¬- aq-eyw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- C-Xn¬- 15F-Æw- emw-tKz-Pv- ]m-\-en-em-Wv.- Iq-Sm-sX- Cw-•o-jn-epw- ln-µn-bn-epw- aq-eyw- A-®-Sn-®n- p-≠v.- emw-tKz-Pv- ]m-\-en¬- a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- A-®-Sn-®n-°p-∂-Xv- G-gm-a-Xm-bn-´m-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ I-d-≥kn-bn¬- H-∏n-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv-dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v- K-h¿-W-dm-Wv-˛-Cw-•o-jn-epw- ln-µn-bn-epw.-

*- -hm- ¿-am¿-°n-se- Nn-Xw- a-lm-flm-Km-‘n-bp-tS-XmWv.

1. The headquarters of Allahabad bank is in:(a) Lucknow (b) New Delhi(c) Allahabad (d) Kolkata

2. The return on debentures is called:(a) Dividend (b) Interest(c) Profit (d) None of these

3. A speculator in stock markets who buysstocks anticipating that prices will go upis called:(a) Bull (b) Bear(c) Stag (d) Cow

4. Which of the following taxes is notlevied by Union Government?(a) Excise duty (b) Income tax(c) Profession tax (d) Wealth Tax

5. Which is known as the ‘controller ofcredit’?(a) NABARD (b) State Bank ofIndia (c) Reserve Bankof India (d) Indian Bank

6. In which date general budget presentsin India?(a) Last working day of February (b)April 1 (c) March 31(d) February 28

7. The back bone of Indian Economy:(a) Industry (b) Agriculture(c) Transport (d) Insurance

8. Monetary policy is regulated by:(a)Government policy (b) Centralbank(c) Private enterpreneurs(d) Money lenders

9. Deflation is:(a) Deficit budget (b) Reduction intaxation (c) Increase in publicexpenditure(d) Reverse of inflation

10. Mixed economy approach was adoptedthrough the Industrial Policy statement of:(a) 1948 (b) 1956(c) 1977 (d) 1991

11. Deficit financing is spending:(a) by borrowing from abroad(b) in excess of revenue(c) less than what is needed(d) by getting foreign aid

12. The official rate of interest charged bythe Central bank of a country:(a) Bank rate (b) Debenture(c) Equity shares (d) Reverse repo

13. Estimates of National Income in Indiaare prepared by:(a) Planning Commission(b) Reserve Bank of India(c) Central Statistical Organisation(d) Ministry of Finance

14. A Rolling Plan is a plan for:(a) Five years (b) Three years(c) on year to year basis(d) None of these

15. What is Procurement Price for anagricultural commodity?(a) Subsidy paid by the governmentover market price(b) The floor price below which it

cannot be sold(c) Money paid to farmers during drought(d) The minimum price at whichGovernment is ready to buy

16. Mixed Economy is the co-existence of:(a) Heavy Industry& Small Industry(b) Private Sector & Public Sector(c) Industry and Agriculture(d) Domestic and Foreign Industries

17. When was the New LiberalizedIndustrial Policy was announced inIndia?(a) 1989 (b) 1990(c) 1991 (d) 1992

18. Protectionism in the international tradestands for:(a) Free trade policy(b) Semi-restricted trade(c) Restricted trade (d) All of these

19. A multinational is:(a) A company established with foreignhelp(b) A company operating in manycountries(c) An international body to helpdeveloping countries(d) A person who has different types ofindustries within the countries

20. Repo rate:(a) The rate at which RBI sells securities

in Commercial Bank (b) The rate atwhich RBI buying securities from the

Commercial Banks(c) Sells securities by the RBI in theopen market(d) Sells securities by the CommercialBanks in the open market

21. Economic growth is usually coupled with:(a) Deflation (b) Inflation(c) Stagflation (d) Hyperinflation

22. Which one of the following is anindirect tax?(a) Excise duty (b) Capital gainstax (c) Wealth tax (d) Corporation tax

23. Annual growth rate of National Incomewas recorded lowest during:(a) Second plan (b) Third plan(c) Fifth plan (d) Sixth plan

24. Compensatory and ContingencyFinancing Facility is a fund for helpingmember countries and is maintained by:(a) ADB (b) World Bank(c) European Community (d) IMF

25. NAFED is connected with:(a) Animal husbandry (b)

Conservation of fuels(c) Agricultural marketing(d) Agricultural implements

Answers1 (d) 2(b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5(c) 6(a) 7(b) 8(a) 9(d )10(a) 11(b) 12(a) 13(c) 14(c) 15(d) 16(b) 17(c)18(c) 19(b) 20(a) 21(b) 22(a) 23(c) 24(d) 25(c)

cq]

Controller of credit Selected Questions

18 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

Biology

t]m-j-I-L-S-I-ß-fp-sS- D-]-N-b-Øn-s‚- ^-e-am-

bn- i-co-c-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂- B-h-iy-an-√m-Ø- ]-Zm¿-Y-

ß-sf- ]p-d-¥-≈m-\p-≈- kw-hn-[m-\w- i-co-c-Øn¬- H-

cp-°n-bn-´p-≠v.-

[m-\y-I-hpw- sIm-gp-∏pw- hn-L-Sn-®v- Im¿-_-¨- U-

tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv,- P-ew,- Du¿-Pw- F-∂n-h-bm-Ip-∂p.-

amw-ky-Øn-s‚- hn-L-S-\-^-e-am-bn- A-an-t\m- B-

kn-Up-Iƒ- cq-]-s∏-Spw.- Xp-S¿-∂p-\-S-°p-∂- cm-k-]-h¿-

Ø-\-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- A-tam-Wn-b- cq-]-s∏-Spw.- C-Xv- i-

co-c-Øn-\v- lm-\n-I-c-am-Wv.- A-Xv- c-‡-Øn-eq-sS- I-c-

fn-se-Øpw.- A-hn-sS-h-®v- Im¿-_-¨- U-tbm-Iv-ssk-

Uv,- P-ew- F-∂n-h-bp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-®v- bq-dn-b-bm-bn-am-

dpw.- C-Xn-s\- aq-X-Øn-eq-sS- ]p-d-¥-≈pw.-

hr-°-Iƒ-hr-°-I-fp-sS- [¿-aw- c-‡-sØ- ip-≤o-I-cn-®v- aq-X-

Øn-eq-sS- ]p-d-¥-≈p-I- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- D-Z-cm-i-b-Øn-s‚-

]n-≥`m-K-Øv- \-s´-√n-t\m-Sv- tN¿-∂m-Wv- hr-°-I-fp-sS-

ÿm-\w.- H-cp- hr-°-bv-°v- G-I-tZ-iw- 150 Kmw- `m-cw- h-

cpw.-

H-cp- an-\n-ń¬- hr-°-bn-eq-sS- 1100 an-√n-en-‰¿- c-‡w-

I-S-∂p-t]m-Ipw.-

hr-°-I-fp-sS- Po-h-[¿-a-]-c-am-b- A-Sn-ÿm-\- L-S-

I-am-Wv- s\-t^m-Wp-Iƒ.- hr-°-bn-se- kq-£v-a- A-cn-

∏-I-fm-Wv- C-h.-

Hm-tcm- hr-°-bn-epw- 12 e-£-tØm-fw- s\-t^m-Wp-

I-fp-≠v.-

a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-se- A-cn-∏- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-

hr-°-bm-Wv.-

aq-X-Øn-s‚- 95˛-96 i-X-am-\-hpw- P-e-am-Wv.- c-≠p-

i-X-am-\w- bq-dn-b-bpw- _m-°n- e-h-W-ß-fp-am-Wv.- hn-

k¿-Pn-°p-∂- aq-X-Øn-s‚- A-f-hv- 2.-5 en-‰-dn¬- Iq-Sp-X-

em-sW-¶n¬- B- A-h-ÿ-sb- t]m-fn-bq-dn-b- F-∂pw-

400 an-√n-en-‰-dn¬- Ip-d-hm-sW-¶n¬- H-en-Kp-dn-b- F-∂pw-

hnk¿P\ hyhÿ(Excretory System)

1. The nearest ancestor of man is:(a) Peking man (b) Java Man(c) Cro-Magnon man(d) Neaderthal man

2. H1N1 Virus is associated with:(a) Chikunguniya (b) Swine Flu(c) Avian Flu (d) Dengue Fever

3. Birds can able to recognize their homethrough:(a) Memory (b) Smell(c) Eye sight(d) Orientation of Magnetic field

4. World Wild Life Week is observed on:(a) First week of Septermber

(b) ) First week of October(c) ) First week of November(d) ) First week of July

5. Red Data Book provides data on:(a) Red flowered plants(b) Red coloured fish(c) Endangered plants and animals(d) Red coloured insects

6. Ailurophobia is the unnecessary fear of:(a) Rat (b) Insects(c) Cat (d) Dog

7. Pasteurisation of milk is:(a) Heating to 62 degree C

(b) Heating to 100 degree C(c) Cooling to -4 degree C(d) Cooling to 0 degree C

8. Which of the following is a biologicallyincompatible marriage?(a) Rh+man and Rh- woman(b) Rh-man and Rh+ woman(c) Rh+man and Rh+ woman(d) Rh-man and Rh- woman

9. Who is called as ‘the father of first aid’?(a) Pravas (b) Hippocrates(c) Lug Mongier (d) Dr.Ismark

10. AIDS virus has:(a) Single stranded DNA(b) Double stranded DNA(c) Single stranded RNA(d) Double stranded RNA

11. Colour blindness can be removed byusing:(a) Convex lens (b) Concave lens(c) Cylindrical lens (d) None of these

12. The vector that transmits Chikunguniya:(a) Anopheles (b) Aedes aegypti(c) Mansonoides (d) None of these

13. The scientist who discovered the viruscausing Chikun Guniya:

(a) Louis Pasteur (b) William Kirk(c) Christian Bernard(d) W.H.R. Lumsden

14. World AIDS Day has been observedsince:(a) 1991 (b) 1986(c) 1982 (d) 1988

15. Which of the following is a degenerativedisease?(a) Arthritis (b) Heart attack(c) Diabetes Melitus (d) All of these

16. The hormone insulin is a:(a) Peptide (b) Fatty acid(c) Glycolipid (d) Sterol

17. Which among the following cells lackthe property of division?(a) Neuron (b) Muscle cell(c) Epithelial cell (d) Nephron

18. Which converts milk into curd?(a) Bacteria (b) Yeast(c) Virus (d) Fungus

19. Which is a bone in human leg?(a) Radius (b) Tibia(c) Ulna (d) Sternum

20. Which organism reproduces throughbudding?

(a) Earth worm (b) Planaria(c) Tape worm (d) Hydra

21. ‘Rajapalayam’ is related to:(a) Banana (b) Horse(c) Cow (d) Dog

22. The fear of bees:(a) Alekrophobia (b) Apiphobia(c) Bathophobia (d) Ailurophobia

23. The branch of clinical study related tohearing, taste and smell is:(a) Osteology (b) Otolaryngology(c) Ophthalmology (d) Dermatology

24. The disease not transmitted by housefly:(a) Cholera (b) Enteric Fever(c) Dengue Fever (d) Dysentry

25. Which animal has the normal gestationperiod of 22-24 months?(a) Tiger (b) Goat(c) Rhinoceros (d) Elephant

Answers1 (d) 2(b) 3 (d) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(c) 7(a) 8(a) 9(d)10(c) 11(d) 12(b) 13(d) 14(d) 15(d) 16(a) 17(a)18(a) 19(b) 20(d) 21(d) 22(b) 23(b) 24(c) 25(d)

‘ the father of first aid’ Selected Questions

∂- A-h-b-h-am-Wv- hr-°.-

aq-X-Øn¬- c-‡w- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv-

lo-a-‰p-dn-b.-

hr-°-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv- s\-t^m-f-Pn.- hr-

°-tcm-K-Øn-\v- Nn-In-’n-°p-∂- n-j-Kz-c-\m-Wv- s\-t^m-

f-Pn-Ãv.-

sd-\n-≥ F-∂- tlm¿-tam-¨- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv-

hr-°-bm-Wv.-

A-Un-\¬- K-Ÿn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv- hr-°-bp-sS-

ap-Iƒ- `m-K-Øm-Wv.-

i-co-c-sØ- ip-Nn-bm-°p-∂- sI-an-°¬- em-_v-

F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- hr-°-bm-Wv.-

B-Zy-am-bn- i-kv-X-In-b-bn-eq-sS- am-‰n-sh-®- a-\p-

jym-h-b-h-am-Wv- hr-°.- B-Zy-am-bn- hr-°- am-‰n-h-bv-

°¬- i-kv-X-In-b- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- B¿.-F-®v.- em-e¿-

B-Wv.-

Iq-Sp-X¬- A-f-hn¬- F-Y-t\mƒ- (a-Zyw-)- I-gn-®m¬-

tI-Sp-h-cp-∂- A-h-b-hw- hr-°-bm-Wv.-

C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- hr-°- am-‰-i-kv-X-In-b- \-S-Øn-

b- B-kv-]-Xn-bm-Wv- kn.-Fw.-kn.-sh-√q¿.-

A-W-en- hn-jw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- _m-[n-°p-∂-

A-h-b-hw- hr-°-bm-Wv.-

hr-°-bp-sS- B-h-c-W-am-Wv- s]-cn-t´m-Wn-bw.-

hr-°-bp-sS- ]p-d-ta-bp-≈- `m-Kw- tIm¿-´-Iv-kv.-

hr°Isf _m[n°p∂ tcmKamWv

s\ss^‰nkv. hr°w \o°w sNøem-Wv- s\-^-Iv-

S-an.-

Im¬-kyw- Hm-Iv-k-te-‰v,- Im¬-kyw- t^m-kv-t^-‰v-

F-∂n-h- X-cn-I-fm-bn- hr-°-bn-epw- aq-X-hm-ln-\n-bn-epw-

A-Sn-™p-Iq-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv- aq-X-Øn¬- I-√v.-

C-cp-hr-°-I-fpw- ]-h¿-Ø-\-c-ln-X-am-Ip-∂- A-h-

ÿ-bn¬- k-¶o¿-W-am-b- b-¥-kw-hn-[m-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn-

®v- c-‡w- ip-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂- ]-In-b-bm-Wv- U-bm-en-

kn-kv.-

hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

ap-Xn¿-∂-cn¬- Zn-h-tk-\- H-cp- en-‰¿- ap-X¬- c-≠p- en-‰¿-

h-sc- aq-Xw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- aq-X-Øn-s‚- a-™-

\n-d-Øn-\p- Im-c-W-am-b- ]-Zm¿-Y-am-Wv- bq-tdm-tImw.-

a-\p-jy-aq-X-Øn-s‚- km-[m-c-W- ]n.-F-®v.-aq-eyw- 6 B-

Wv.- i-co-c-Øn-se- ]n.-F-®v.- I-ao-I-cn-°m-≥ k-lm-bn-°p-

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 19

_p[≥ (sa¿°pdn)*- -G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- K-l-am-Wv- _p-[-

≥(hym-kw- 4,-800 In.-ao.-)- .- C-Xv- B-Im-i-Øn-se- a-dp-X- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- k-a-bw-sIm-≠v- kq-cy-s\- ]-Z-£n-Ww- sN-øp-∂- K-l-am-Wn-Xv.- `q-an-bn-se- 88 Zn-h-k-ßƒ-sIm-≠m-Wv- _p-[-≥ H-cp- ]m-h-iyw- kq-cy-s\- Np-‰p-∂-Xv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- th-K-Øn¬- ]-Z-£n-Ww- sN-øp-∂- K-l-hpw- _p-[-\m-Wv.-

*- -_p-[-\v- D-]-K-l-an-√.- C-tX- ]-tXy-I-X-bp-≈- a-s‰m-cp- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.-

*- -]-Z-£n-W-]-Y-Øn-\v- hr-Øm-Ir-Xn- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- D-]-K-l-am-Wv- _p-[-≥( 0.-21).-

*- -G-‰-hpw- km-µ-X- Iq-Sn-b- c-≠m-a-sØ-K-l-am-Wv- sa¿-°p-dn- .-

*- -kq-cy-t\m-Sv- G-‰-hpw- A-Sp-Øp- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- K-l-am-Wv- _p-[-≥.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Xm-]-hy-Xn-bm-\w-A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂- K-l-am-Wv- _p-[-≥.- ]-I¬- _p-[-s‚- Xm-]-\n-e- 400Un-Kn- sk¬-jy-kv- h-sc- D-b-cp-I-bpw- cm-Xn-bn¬- ssa-\-kv- 180 Un-Kn-sk¬-jy-kv- h-sc- Xm-gp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-

*- -]-em-b-\- ]-th-Kw- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™-K-l-am-Wv- _p-[-≥.-

*- -_p-[-s\-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°m-≥ \m-k- 2004 -B-K-kv-Xn¬- hn-t£-]n-®- Zu-Xy-am-Wv-sa -k -©¿ (MErcury Surface

SpaceENvironment GEochemistryand Ranging).

*- -tdm-a-≥ an-tXm-f-Pn-bn-se- k-tµ-i- hm-l-I- tZ-h-\m-Wv- sa¿-°p-dn.- C-Xn-\p-k-am-\-am-b- Ko-°v- tZ-h-\m-Wv- sl¿-an-kv.-

*- 58.-65 Zn-h-kw-sIm-≠v- kz-bw- `-a-W-hpw- 87.-97 Zn-h-kw- sIm-≠v- ]-Z-£n-W-hpw- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-∂- K-l-am-Wv-_p-[-≥

ipI≥ (ho\kv)* ]`mX \-£-Xw,- ]-tZm-j- \-£-Xw-

F-∂o- A-]-c-\m-a-ß-fp-≈- K-l-am-Wv-ip-I-≥.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Nq-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- K-lw- ip-I-\m-Wv.-C-Xn-\p-Im-c-Ww- I- n-Iq-Sn-b- A-¥-co-£-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂- l-cn-X-Kr-l- hm-X-I- ]-`m-h-am-Wv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- hr-Øm-Im-c-am-b- ]-Z-£n-W-]-Z-ap-≈- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.- e-c-c-en-tr-i-c-i-ty- bp-sS- \n-c-°v- C-]-Im-c-am-Wv-˛-_p-[-≥:- 0.-21,- sNm-∆-:- 0.-093,-i-\n- 0.-056,-hym-gw- 0.-048,-bp-dm-\-kv- 0.-047,- q-an- 0.-017,-s\-]v-‰yq-¨- 0.-0086,- ip-I-≥ 0.-0068.-

*- -kq-cy-]-Im-i-sØ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂- K-l-hpw- ip-I-\m-Wv.-

*- - q-an-bp-tS-Xn-\p- k-am-\-am-b- h-en-∏-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬- (hym-kw- 12,-107 In.-ao.-)- q-an-bp-sS- C-c-´,- `q-an-bp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c- K-lw-F-∂o- A-]-c-\m-a-ß-fn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.-

*- -`q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- t\m-°p-tºmƒ- N-µ-≥I-gn-™m¬- G-‰-hpw- Xn-f-°-ap-≈- B-Im-i-tKm-fw- ip-I-\m-Wv.-

*- -`q-an-bp-sS- G-‰-hpw- A-Sp-Øp-≈- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.-

*- -]-W-b-Øn-s‚-bpw- ku-µ-cy-Øn-s‚-bpw-

tdm-a-≥ tZ-h-X-bm-b- ho-\-kn-s‚- t]-cn¬-A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- K-l-am-Wn-Xv.- C-Xn-\p-k-am-\-am-b- Ko-°p- tZ-h-X-bm-Wv- A-s^m-ssU-‰v.-

*- -h-\n-Xm- \m-a-ap-≈- G-I- K-l-am-Wv- ho-\-kv.-

*- -kq-cy-≥ ]-Sn-™m-dp-Zn-®v- In-g-°v- A-kv-X-an-°p-∂- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.- a-‰p- K-l-ßƒ- ]-Z-£n-Ww- sN-øp-∂-Xn-s‚- hn-]-co-X- Zn-i-bn¬- k-©-cn-°p-∂- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.-

*- -sS-e-kv-tIm-∏n¬- ]q¿-W-]-cm-P-bw- F-∂p- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.-

*- -kq-cy-s\- ]-Z-£n-Ww- sN-øp-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ- (224.-7 Zn-h-kw-)-k-a-bw- kz-bw- `-a-W-Øn-\v- (243Zn-h-kw-)- B-h-iy-am-b- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.- a-s‰-c¿-∞-Øn¬-]-d-™m¬- h¿-j-sØ-°mƒ- Zn-h-k-Øn-\v-ssZ¿-Ly-ap-≈- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.- G-‰-hpw- ssZ¿-Lyw- Iq-Sn-b- Zn-\-cm-X-ß-fp-≈- K-l-am-Wv- ip-I-≥.-

*- -tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-≥ hn-t\-d- t]-S-I-ßƒ- hn-t£-]n-®-Xv- ip-I-s\-°p-dn-®v-]-Tn-°m-\m-Wv.- hn-t\-d-˛-1 B-Wv- ip-I-s‚- A-cn-In-eq-sS- ]-d-∂- B-Zy-sØ- a-\p-jy-\n¿-an-X- t]-S-Iw.-

*- -a-s‰m-cp- K-l-Øn-en-d-ßn-b- B-Zy-sØ-_-ln-cm-Im-i- t]-S-I-am-Wv- hn-t\-d-˛-7

*- -e-£v-an- πm-\w- F-∂- ]o-T-`q-an- ip-I-\n-e-mWv.

* ipIs‚ A¥co£Øn¬ G‰hpwIqSpXep≈ hmXIw Im¿_ÜtbmIvsskUmWv.

1. The only planet with the name offemale Roman mythological charecter:(a) Earth (b) Venus(c) Jupiter (d) Neptune

2. The only planet whose English namedoes not have any connection withGreek and Roman mythology:(a) Mercury (b) Earth(c) Saturn (d) Uranus

3. The only planet which takes more timeto complete a rotation than a revolu-tion?(a) Venus (b) Mercury(c) Mars (d) Jupiter

4. Which country launched Vinera-1 to

study about Venus?(a) USA (b) Soviet Union(c) France (d) China

5. Which is in Venus?(a) Great Red Spot (b) Great Dark Spot(c) Lakshmi Planum(d) Olympus Mons

6. Which is the largest among the innerplanets?(a) Mercury (b) Venus(c) Earth (d) Mars

7. Earth is also known as:(a) Helios (b) Sol(c) Ferra (d) Terra

8. Which planet has the highest density?(a) Saturn (b) Jupiter(c) Earth (d) Mercury

9. Which planet has the lowest density?(a) Earth (b) Saturn(c) Jupiter (d) Mars

10. Earth is called:(a) Yellow planet (b) Red Planet(c) Green Planet (d) Blue Planet

11. Mars is the Roman God of:(a) Agriculture (b) War(c) Trade (d) Love

12. The Greek equivalent of Mars:(a) Ares (b) Poseidon(c) Helios (d) Zeus

13. Mars is known as:(a) Blue Planet (b) Red Planet(c) Green Planet (d) Yellow Planet

14. Which is known as ‘black moon’?(a) Mars (b) Deimos(c) Phobos (d) Nereid

15. What imparts red colour to Mars?(a) Silicon (b) Copper(c) Iron (d) Silver

16. Which is the highest peak in solarsystem?(a) Chimbarazo (b) Everest

(c) Valis Marineris (d) Olympus Mons17. Which planet has almost same period

of rotation that of earth?(a) Venus (b) Mars(c) Mercury (d) Jupiter

18. Which was sent by NASA to studyabout Mars?(a) Messenger (b) Vinera(c) Path Finder (d) Galileo

The highest peak in solar system

World Geography_p[\pw ipI\pw

Selected Questions

19. Which is the farthest inner planet?(a) Mercury (b) Venus(c) Earth (d) Mars

20. The largest member in the solar system:(a) Earth (b) Jupiter(c) Saturn (d) Sun

21. The largest planet in the solar system:(a) Jupiter (b) Saturn(c) Uranus (d) Neptune

22. The fifth largest body in the solarsystem:(a) Saturn (b) Earth(c) Neptune (d) Uranus

23. The fifth largest planet in the solarsystem:(a) Earth (b) Neptune(c) Venus (d) Uranus

24. Which planet has the shortest period ofrotation?(a) Mercury (b) Venus(c) Jupiter (d) Mars

25. Jupiter completes one revolution in .......earth years:(a) 12 (b) 14(c) 16 (d) 18

Answers1 (b) 2(b) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(c) 7(d) 8(c) 9(b)10(d) 11(b) 12(a) 13(b) 14(c) 15(c) 16(d)17(b) 18(c) 19(d) 20(d) 21(a) 22(d) 23(a)24(c) 25(a)

20 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

A`n\h tIcfhpw ]_p≤tIc-fhpw1. a\pjy-s\- _-ln-cm-Im-i-Øv- F-Øn-®-

B-Zy- cm-Py-am-Wv- d-jy.- F-∂m¬,- a-\p-jy-s\- B-Zy-am-bn- N-µ-\n¬- F-Øn-®-Xv- bp.-F-kv.-F.-

2.- -A-`n-\-h- _p-≤-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv- Aw-t_-Zv-I¿.- Pn.-i-¶-c-°p-dp-∏v- c-≠mw- _p-

≤-≥ F-∂p- hn-fn-®-Xv- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s\-bm-Wv.-

3.- -A-`n-\-h- tI-c-fw- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-cw- n-®-Xv- hm-Kv- -Sm-\-µ-≥.- ]-_p-≤-tI-c-fw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- kzm-an- B-K-am-\-µ-≥.-

4.- -a-Zm-kv- \-K-c-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥ ^m-≥kn-kv- tU- B-Wv.- ^m-≥kn-kv- am¿-ń-≥ B-Wv- t]m-≠n-t®-cn- (]p-Xp-t®-cn-)-ÿm-]n-®-Xv.-

5.- -a-Zm-kv- kw-kv-Ym-\-Øn-s≥d- t]-cv- X-an-gv-\m-Sv- F-∂m-°n-am-‰n-b- h¿-j-am-Wv- 1969.-F-∂m¬,- ssa-kq¿- kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚-t]-cv- I¿-Wm-S-Iw- F-∂p-am-‰n-b-Xv- 1973˛-em-Wv.-

6.- -A-¥m-cm-jv-S- [m-c-W-bv-°p-≈- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- A-hm¿-Uv- B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv- bp- Xm-‚ v- B-Wv.- A-¥m-cm-jv-S-[m-c-W-bv-°p-≈- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- A-hm¿-Uv- B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv- bm-k¿- A-dm-^-Øv.-

7.- -a-ßn-b- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- Im-Wm-≥ k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xv- tdm-Up- tIm-i-ß-fm-Wv.- C-Xn¬- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂- h¿-W-I-am-Wv-tdm-tUm-]v-kn-≥.- F-∂m¬,- \n-d-ßƒ- Im-Wm-≥ k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xv- tIm-¨- tIm-i-ß-fm-Wv.- C-Xn¬- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h¿-W-I-am-Wv- t^m-t´m-]v-kn-≥.-

8.- -A-©mw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- H-Sp-hn-ep-≠m-b-lq-W-≥am-cp-sS- B-I-a-W-am-Wv- X-£-in-e- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- X-I¿-®-bv-°v- Im-c-W-am-b-Xv.- \m-f-µ- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- X-I¿-®-bv-°v- Im-c-W-am-b-Xv-]-¥-≠mw- \q-‰m-≠n-ep-≠m-b- ap-…nw- B-I-a-W-am-Wv.-

9.- -a-Æn-√m-sX- sh-≈w- am-Xw- B-h-iy-ap-≈- Ir-jn-bm-Wv- ssl-tUm-t]m-Wn-Iv-kv-. F-∂m¬,- a-tÆm- sh-≈-tam- C-√m-sX-bp-≈- Ir-jn-co-Xn-bm-Wv- F-bv-tdm-t]m-Wn-Iv-kv.-

10.- -a-Æn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv- s]-tUm-f-Pn.- A-[ym-]-\- im-kv-X-am-Wv- s]-U-tKm-Kn.-

11.- -a-∂-hpw- B¿.-i-¶-dpw- tN¿-∂v- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®- ]m¿-ń-bm-Wv- sU-tam-Im-‰n-Iv-tIm-¨-K-kv- ]m¿-ń-.- F-≥F-kv-F-kv- cq-]w- \¬-In-b- cm-„o-b- ]-ÿm-\-am-Wv-\m-j-W¬- sU-tam-Im-‰n-Iv- ]m¿-ń- (F-≥.-Un.-]n-).-

12.- -A-an-X-am-bn- P-ew- aq-X-Øn-eq-sS- ]p-d-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-∂- A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- U-b-_-

‰n-kv- C-≥kn-∏n-U-kv.- F-∂m¬,- aq-X-Øn-eq-sS- •q-t°m-kv- ]p-d-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-∂-A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- U-b-_-‰n-kv- sa-en-‰-kv.-

13.- -a-™p- Xn-∂p-∂-h-≥ F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-ap-≈- ]m-tZ-in-I- hm-X-am-Wv- Nn-\q-Iv.-tUm-Iv-S¿- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-ap-≈- ]m-tZ-in-I- hm-Xw- l¿-a-‰-¨.-

14.- -Aƒ-Po-cn-b-bm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- A-d-_v- cm-Pyw.- A-Xp- I-gn-™m¬- G-‰-hpw-h-en-b- A-d-_v- cm-Pyw- ku-Zn- A-td-_y-bm-Wv.- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Kƒ-^v- cm-Py-am-Wn-Xv.-

15.- -A-ar-’¿- \-K-c-Øn-\v- A-Sn-Ø-d-bn- - kn-Jv- Kp-cp-hm-Wv- cmw- Zm-kv.- F-∂m¬,- A-hn-sS- kp-h¿-W- t£-Xw- \n¿-an-®-Xv- A¿-P-≥ tZ-hv.-

16.- -A-d-bv-°¬- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se- ]p-cp-j- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- B-en- cm-P-sb-∂pw-kv-Xo-bm-sW-¶n¬- A-d-bv-°¬- _o-hn-F-∂p-am-Wv- A-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.-

17.- -a-dm-Ø- am-Iy-sh-√n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- -Xv- \m-\m- ^-Uv-\m-hn-kv.- a-dm-Ø- tI-k-cn-sb-∂p- hn-fn-®-Xv- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c- Xn-e-I-s\-bm-Wv.-

18.- -A-e-°p-Im-cw- cm-k-]-c-am-bn- tkm-Un-bw- Im¿-_-tW-‰m-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- A-∏-°m-cw- tkm-Un-bw- ss_-Im¿-_-tW-‰m-Wv.-

19.- -a-e-bm-f- ]-X-cw-K-Øv- Hm-^v-sk-‰v- kw-hn-[m-\w- \-S-∏m-°n-b- B-Zy-]-Xw- tZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpw- (1979)- m-Iv-kn-an-en-(H-cp- bq-Wn-‰n¬-\n-∂v- a-s‰m-cp- bq-Wn-‰n-te-°v- t]-Pp-Iƒ- Sm-≥kv-an-‰v- sN-bv-Xv- A-®-Sn-°p-∂- co-Xn-)- kw-hn-[m-\w- B-cw-`n-®- B-Zy- ]-Xw- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-bpw- (1986)-B-Wv.-

20.- -a-e-bm-fa-t\m-c-a- I-º-\n- kv-Ym-]n-X-am-b-Xv- 1888˛¬.- ]-Xw- B-cw- n-®-Xv- 1890˛¬.-

21.- -A-h-km-\-sØ- A-Øm-gw- (em-Ãv- k-∏¿-)- F-∂- s]-bn-‚nw-Kv- h-c-®-Xv- en-bm-

\m¿-tUm- Um-hn-©n-bm-Wv.- ssa-°-em-©-tem-bm-Wv- A-¥y-hn-[n- (em-Ãv- P-Uv-Pv-sa-‚ v-)- c-Nn-®-Xv.-

22.- -A-jv-S-ap-Sn-°m-b¬- A-d-_n-°-S-ep-am-bn-tbm-Pn-°p-∂n-S-Øm-Wv- \o-≠-I-c- A-gn.-th-º-\m-Sv- Im-b¬- A-d-_n-°-S-ep-am-bn-tbm-Pn-°p-∂n-S-Øm-Wv- A-‘-Im-c-\-gn.-

23.- -A-jv-S-Zzn-§n-P-ßƒ- A-e-¶-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b-cp-sS- k-Z- n-s\-bm-Wv.-A-jv-S-]-[m-≥ in-h-Pn-bp-sS- a-¥n-k-an-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

24.- -a-K-√-≥ sIm-√-s∏- -Xv- n-en-ss∏-≥kn¬-h-®m-Wv.- Iym-]v-‰-≥ Ip-°v- h-[n-°-s∏-´-Xv- l-hm-bv- Zzo-]n¬- h-®m-Wv.-

25.- -A-k-an-s‚- Zp-:-Jw- _-“-]p-X.- _o-lm-dn-s‚- Zp-:-Jw- tIm-kn.-

26.- -a-lm-cm-jv-S-bn¬- s]-\n-sk-en-≥ m-Iv-

S-dn- ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- ]nw-]n-bn-em-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Un¬- C-Xv-E-jn-tI-in-em-Wv.-

27.- -a-lm-cm-jv-S-bn-se- tkm-I-ó-kv- F-∂-

dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W-tKm-J-se.- Pm-´v- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- tπ-t‰m- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv- kq-c-Pv-a¬.-

28.- -a-lm-flm-Km-‘n-bp-sS- \n¿-t±-i-]-Im-cw-ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-lw- \n-co-£n-°m-≥tI-c-f-Øn-se-Øn-b- t\-Xm-hm-Wv- B-Nm-cy- hn-t\m-_- m-sh.- X-an-gv-\m-ń¬-\n-s∂-Øn- ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv- C.-hn.-cm-a-kzm-an- \m-bv-°¿.-

29.- -a-lm-t_m-[n-t£-Xw- _o-lm-dn-se-t_m-[v-K-b-bn-em-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- ]-cn-\n¿-hm-W-t£-Xw- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-in-se- Ip-in-\-K-c-Øn-em-Wv.-

30.- -am-[-hn-°p-ń-bpw- A-\p-P-Øn- kp-tem-N-\-bpw- tN¿-s∂-gp-Xn-b- t\m-h-em-Wv- I-hm-Sw.- am-[-hn-°p-ń-bpw- sI.-F¬.- tam-l-\-h¿-a-bpw- tN¿-s∂-gp-Xn-b- t\m-h-em-Wv- A-am-hm-kn.-

31.- -am-\m-©n-d- ssa-Xm-\w- tIm-gn-t°m- m-Wv.-F-∂m¬,- ]p-Ø-cn-°-≠w- ssa-Xm-\w- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øm-Wv.-

32.- -am-\-th-Z-≥ F-∂- km-aq-Xn-cn- cm-Pm-hm-Wv- Ir-jv-W-\m-´-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv.- cm-a-\m- -Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv- sIm-´m-c-°-c- X-ºp-cm-\m-Wv.-

33.- -am-º-g-ß-fn¬- cm-Pm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- C-\w- A¬-t^m-≥tkm-bpw- am-º-g-ß-fn-se- dm-Wn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- a¬-tKm-h-bp-am-Wv.-

34.- -an-I-®- N-e-®n-X- \-S-\pw- \-Sn-°pw- A-hm¿-Uv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- 1968em-Wv.-_w-Km-fn- \-S-≥ D-Øw-Ip-am-dm-Wv- ]-Y-a- A-hm¿-Uv- tP-Xm-hv.- an-I-®- \-Sn-°p-≈- A-hm¿-Un-\v- B-Zy-am-bn- A¿-l-bm-b-Xv- \¿-Ko-kv- Z-Øm-Wv.-

35.- -an-I-®- Nn-X-Øn-\v- s_¿-en-≥ N-e-®n-tXm-’-h-Øn¬- \¬-Ip-∂- ]p-c-kvIm-c-amWv Golden Bear. ^m≥knseIm≥ (Cannes) s^Ãn-hen¬ anI®NnX-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ ]pc-kvIm-c-amWvGolden Palm.

36. aocm- dn-®m¿-Uv- A-c-hn-µ-tLm-jn-s‚- in-jy-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ao-cm- s_-lv-≥ Km-‘n-in-jy-bpw.-

37.- -ap-¥n-cn-bp-sS- \-K-cw- \m-kn-Iv-,- Hm-d-©p-I-fp-sS- \-K-cw- \m-Kv-]q¿.-

38.- -ap-…n-ßƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- cm-Pyw-C-≥tUm-\n-jy-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- ap-…nw-cm-Py-a-√m-Ø-h-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-ap-…n-ß-fp-≈- cm-Pyw- C-¥y-bm-Wv.-

39.- -ap-Kƒ- s]-bn-‚nw-Kn-s‚- kp-h¿-W-Im-ew-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- P-lmw-Ko-dn-s‚- `-c-W-Im-e-am-Wv.- ap-Kƒ- hm-kv-Xp-hn-Zy-bp-

sS- kp-h¿-W-Im-ew- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- jm-P-lm-s‚- Im-e-am-Wv.-

40.- -ap-l-Ω-Z-≥ en-‰-d-dn- skm-ssk-‰n-bp-sS-ÿm-]-I-≥ \-hm-_v- A-_v-Zpƒ- e-Øo-^v.- ap-l-Ω-Z-≥ Bw-t•m- Hm-dn-b-‚¬-tIm-tf-Pv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- k¿- k-ø-Zv- A-l-Ω-Zv- Jm-≥.-

41.- -aq-∂m-dn¬- kw-K-an-°p-∂- \-Zn-Iƒ- ap-Xn-c-∏p-g,- \-√-X-Æn,- Ip-≠-f.- aq-hm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬- kw-K-an-°p-∂-h- sXm-Sp-]p-g,- Im-fn-bm¿,- tIm-X-aw-K-ew.-

42.- -aq-∂v- a-lm-k-ap-Z-ß-fp-am-bn- A-Xn¿-Øn-]-¶n-Sp-∂- c-≠v- cm-Py-ß-tf- tem-I-Øp-≈p-˛- Im-\-U-bpw- bp-F-kv-F-bpw.- A-Xv-em-‚n-Iv,- ]-k-^n-Iv,- B¿-ń-Iv- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- B- k-ap-Z-ßƒ.-

43.- -aq-∂v- X-e-ÿm-\-ß-fp-≈- G-I- cm-Py-am-Wv- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°.- ]n-t´m-dn-b- (`-c-Ww-),- tI-]v-Su-¨- (\n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww-),-tªmw-t^m-t≠-≥ (\o-Xn-\ym-bw-)- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- aq-∂v- X-e-ÿm-\- \-K-c-ßƒ.-F-∂m¬,- cm-Py-sØ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-K-cw- tPm-l-∂-kv-s_¿-Km-Wv.-

44.- -ar-X-i-co-c-ßƒ- tI-Sp-Iq-Sm-sX- kq-£n-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hm-Wv- t^m¿-am¬-Un-ssl-Uv.- c-‡-_m-¶p-I-fn¬- c-‡w- tI-Sp-Iq-Sm-sX- kq-£n-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-tkm-Un-bw- kn-tS-‰v.-

45.- -A-Sn-b-¥-c- tlm¿-tam-Wm-Wv- A-Un-\m-en-≥.- F-∂m¬,- bp-h-Xz- tlm¿-tam-Wm-Wv- ssX-tam-kn-≥.-

46.- -A-Sp-°-f-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-c-ß-tØ-°v- c-Nn-®-Xv- hn.-Sn.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- B-Wv.- A-Sp-°-f-bn¬-\n-∂v- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-te-°v- c-Nn-®-Xv- `m-c-Xn- D-Z-b-`m-\p- B-Wv.-

47.- -A-Sp-Øp-≈- h-kv-Xp-°-sf- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- A-I-se-bp-≈-Xn-s\-Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xp-am-b- Im-gv-N-ssh-I-ey-am-Wv- l-kz-Zr-jv-Sn- (a-tbm-∏n-b-).-F-∂m¬,- A-I-se-bp-≈-Xn-s\- hy-‡-am-bn- Im-Wp-I-bpw- A-Sp-Øp-≈-Xn-s\-Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xp-am-b- Im-gv-N-ssh-I-ey-am-Wv- Zo¿-L-Zr-jv-Sn- (ssl-∏¿-sa-tSm-∏n-b-).-

48.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚n-s‚- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- hn-am-\w- F-b¿-t^m-gv-kv- h-¨- F-∂pw- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- sl-en-tIm-]v-‰¿- a-ssd-≥ h-¨- F-∂pw- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

49.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ hn-π-h-hpw- ^-©v- hn-π-h-hpw- \-S-∂-Xv- ]-Xn-s\-´mw- \q-‰m-≠n-em-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- ssN-\o-kv,- d-jy-≥ hn-π-h-ßƒ- \-S-∂-Xv- C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-em-Wv.-

50.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ kzm-X-¥y- ]-Jym-]-\w- X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv- tXm-a-kv- sP-t^-gv-k-¨.-A-ta-cn-°-≥ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv-sP-bnw-kv- am-Un-k-¨.-

Confusing Facts

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 21

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\

BapJwC¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- k-hn-ti-j-

X-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv- B-ap-Jw.- sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k-`-bp-sS- B-ap-J-Øn¬-\n-∂v- ]-tNm-Z-\w-Dƒ-s°m-≠p-sIm-≠v- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-hm-Wv- B-ap-Jw- X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv.-

tkm-jy-en-kw,- a-tX-X-c-Xzw,- A-J-Wv-U-X- F-∂o- B-i-b-ßƒ- kz-c-¨-kn-Mv- I-Ωn-‰n-bp-sS- ip-]m¿-i-bp-sS- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- 1976˛-se- 42˛mw-t`-Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- Iq-ń-t®¿-Ø-Xv.-

C-¥y- H-cp- ]-c-am-[n-Im-c- tkm-jy-en-Ãv-a-tX-X-c- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- B-sW-∂v-B-ap-J-Øn¬- ]-Jym-]n-°p-∂p.-

km-aq-ln-I-hpw- km-º-Øn-I-hpw- cm-jv-So-b-hp-am-b- \o-Xn,- Nn-¥n-°p-hm-\pw- B-cm-[n-°m-\p-ap-≈ kzm-X-¥yw,- Xp-ey-]-Z-hn,- A-h-k-c- k-a-Xzw- F-∂n-h- D-d-∏m-°p-I-;- hy-‡n-bp-sS- A-¥- pw- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- sF-Iy-hpw-Im-Øp-kq-£n-®p-sIm-≠v- km-tlm-Z-cyw- h-f¿-Øp-I- C-h-bm-Wv- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- e-£y-sa-∂v- B-ap-Jw- hy-‡-am°p∂p.

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, havingsolemnly resolved to constitute India into aSOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMO-CRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all itscitizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY, of thought, expression, belief,faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;and to promote among them allFRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the

individual and the unity and integrity of theNation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYthis twenty-sixth day of November,1949,DO HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT ANDGIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITU-TION.

(`mcXØnse P\ßfmb \mw`mcXsØ Hcp ]cam[nImc ÿnXnkaXz- a-tX-X-c- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- dn-∏-ªn-°m-bn- kw-hn-[m-\w- sN-øm-\pw- A-Xn-se- ]u-c-≥am¿-s°-√mw-:-

km-aq-ln-I-hpw- km-º-Øn-I-hpw- cm-jv-So-b-hpw- B-b- \o-Xn-bpw-;-

Nn-¥-bv-°pw- B-i-b-]-I-S-\-Øn-\pw-hn-izm-k-Øn-\pw- a-X-\n-jv-T-bv-°pw- B-cm-[-\-bv-°pw- D-≈- kzm-X-¥y-hpw-;-

]-Z-hn-bn-epw- A-h-k-c-Øn-epw- k-a-Xz-hpw-;-A-h¿-s°-√m-an-S-bn¬- hy-‡n-bp-sS-

A-¥- pw- cm-jv-S-Øn-s‚- sF-Iy-hpw- A-J-Wv-U-X-bpw- D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øn-s°m-≠v- km-tlm-Z-cyw- ]p-e¿-Øm-\pw-

k-Ku-c-hw- Xo-cp-am-\n-®n-cn-°-bm¬-\-Ωp-sS- `-c-W-L-S-\- \n¿-Ωm-W-k-`-

bn¬- Cu- \-hw-_¿- 26˛mw- Xo-b-Xn- C-Xn-\m¬- Cu- `-c-W-L-S-\-sb- kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- \n-b-a-am-°p-I-bpw- \-ap-°p-X-s∂-]-Zm-\w- sN-øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-)-

A\p_‘ hnhcßƒBapJw \nehn¬h∂Xv 1950 P\phcn

26˛\mWv.C¥y≥ `cWLS\bpsS BapJw

Htcsbmcp ]mhiyamWv t`ZKXnsNbvXn´p≈Xv (1976).

`cWLS\bn¬ ]cma¿in°p∂ GIXobXnbmb 1949 \hw_¿ 26

BapJØns‚ `mKamWv.Bap-Jw- Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈- -c-W-L-S-\m-

`m-K-ßƒ- t`-Z-K-Xn- sN-øm-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-\v- A-[n-Im-cw- \¬-In-b-Xv- 24˛mw- `-c-W-L-S-\m- t`-Z-K-Xn-bm-Wv.-

Bap-J-Øn-se- kzm-X-¥yw,- k-a-Xzw,-km-tlm-Z-cy-w (Liberty,Equality, Fraternity)F∂o- B-i-b-ßƒ-°v- ^-©v- hn-π-hw- ]-tNm-Z-\-ta-In-bn-´p-≠v.-

C-¥y-bp-sS- cm-jv-So-b-Pm-X-Iw- F-∂p-hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- -c-W-L-S-\m- m-K-am-Wv- B-ap-Jw.- sI.-Fw.-ap-≥jn-bm-Wv- Cu- ]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄-mXmhv.

The Preamble is the most precious partof the Constitution. It is the soul of the Con-stitution. It is the key to the Constitution.Xm°q¿Zmkv m¿KhbpsS hm°pIfmWnh.

C¥y-≥ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- X-Øz-im-kv-X-hpw- B-Z¿-i-ßfpw (philosophy andideals)]Xn -en-°p-∂- m-K-am-Wv- B-ap-Jw.-

C-¥y-≥ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-ap-J-Øn-\v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- km-Zr-iy-ap-≈- a-s‰m-cp- -c-W-L-S-\m- B-ap-Jw- A-b¿-e-≥Un-te-Xm-Wv.-

]-c-am-[n-Im-c- cm-jv-Ssa∂m¬ (Sover-eign State) A¿Yam-°p-∂-Xv- m-c-X- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- B-`y-¥-c,- _m-ly-\-b-ß-fn¬- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬- a-s‰m-cp- A-[n-Im-c-tI-µ-Øn-s‚-bpw- kzm-[o-\-an-√- F-∂m-Wv.-

1. The number of members in theestimate committee of Parliament:(a) 22 (b) 30(c) 15 (d) 7

2. ‘Right to equal opportunity for justiceand free legal aid was added toDirective Principles through .....amendment.(a) 44 (b) 35(c) 26 (d) 42

3. Who makes law with respect toElections for State Legislature—

(a) Parliament (b) Judiciary(c) Government (d) ElectionCommission

4. The Constitutional amendmentgranted a position of primacy to allDirective Principles over FundamentalRights:(a) 24 (b) 25(c) 36 (d) 42

5. A Money Bill passsed by the LokSabha is deemed to have beenpassed by the Rajya Sabha also whenno action is taken by the Upper Housewithin—(a) 10 days (b) 14 days(c) 20 days (d) 30 days

6. The maximum number of members inthe Subordinate LegislationCommittee:(a) 15 (b) 20(c) 22 (d) 30

7. Chief Election Commissioner cannotbe removed except by whichprocess—(a) Resignation (b) Presidential Order(c) Impeachment (d) JudicialDecision

8. The number of members from RajyaSabha to the Public AccountsCommittee:(a) 22 (b) 7(c) 15 (d) 10

9. Parliament enjoys the exclusive right tolegislate on the subjects contained in—(a) The Union List (b) The ConcurrentList (c) The State List(d) Both (a) and (b)

10. The number of members in the PublicAccounts Committee of Parliament:(a) 30 (b) 22(c) 15 (d) 25

11. The 84th amendment of theConstitution in 2000 created ......states.(a) 4 (b) 3(c) 2 (d) 5

12. Censure motion in Parliament shouldbe supported by atleast ...... members.(a) 50 (b) 55(c) 25 (d) 100

13. Who is legally competent under theIndian Constitution to declare war orconclude peace ?(a) The President (b) The PrimeMinister (c) The Council of Ministers(d) The Parliament

14. What was the exact constitutionalposition of the Indian Republic whenthe Constitution was brought into forcewith effect from January 26, 1950 ?(a) A Democratic Republic(b) A Sovereign Democratic Republic(c) A Sovereign Secular DemocraticRepublic(d) A Sovereign Secular SocialistDemocratic Republic

15. The number of members from LokSabha to the Public AccountsCommittee:(a) 15 (b) 7(c) 22 (d) 10

16. Which writ is issued by a High Court orthe Supreme Court to compel anauthority to perform a function that itwas not performing ?(a) Writ of Certiorari(b) Writ of Habeas Corpus(c) Writ of Mandamus(d) Writ of Quo Warranto

17. In which case did the Supreme Court ofIndia determine that the Parliament haspower to make amendment infundamental rights, but it cannot makeany change in the basic structure of theConstitution ?(a) Golak Nath case(b) Keshavanand Bharati case(c) Both (a) and (b)(d) Neither (a) nor (b)

18. In an election, electioneering has to bestopped in a Constituency—(a) 24 hours before the poll commences(b) 24 hours before the closing hour ofpolling(c) 48 hours before the hour ofcommencement of polling(d) 48 hours before the closing hour ofpolling

19. Which of the following exercised themost profound influence in framing theIndian Constitution ?(a) British Constitution(b) U.S. Constitution(c) Irish Constitution(d) The Government of India Act, 1935

20. Full statehood was granted toArunachal Pradesh by .....amendment.(a) 45 (b) 55(c) 53 (d) 57

21. Who among the following is/are notappointed by the President of India ?(a) Governors of the States(b) Chief Justice and Judges of theHigh Courts(c) Vice-President (d) Chief Justiceand Judges of the Supreme Court

22. Which Amendment provided for anauthoritative text of the Constitution inHindi?(a) 58th (b) 52nd(c) 61st (d) 73rd

23. Under the Indian Constitution, whatdoes ‘Adult Suffrage’ signify—(a) Children(b) Persons(c) Any Indiancitizen who is of the age of 18 yearsand above(d) None of these

24. The number of members in thePrevilege Committee of Parliament:(a) 30 (b) 22(c) 15 (d) 25

25. Who decides allotment of symbols toPolitical Parties—(a) Political Party leader(b) Political Party GoverningCommittees(c) Election Committee of Political Party(d) Election Commission

Answers1 (b) 2(d) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5(b) 6(a) 7(c) 8(b) 9(a)10(a) 11(b) 12(a) 13(a) 14(b) 15(a) 16(c)17(b) 18(d) 19(d) 20(b) 21(c) 22(a) 23(c)24(c) 25(d)

Selected QuestionsIndian Polity

sI.-Fw.-ap-≥jn-

22 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 1

][m\ Zn\ßƒ

C¥y≥ Zn\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´hy‡n-Iƒ/kw`hßƒ

]hmkn `mc-Xob Zn\w (P-\p-hcn 9): ]hmkPohnXw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v Km‘nPn C¥y-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Ønb Znh-kw.

1893-˛¬ Km‘nPn Z£n-Wm-^n-°-bn-te°v ZmZmA_vZp≈ F∂ hym]m-cn-bpsS tIkp-hm-Zn-°m-≥t]mbn. XpS¿∂v 21 h¿jw AhnsS hnhn[ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \SØn. 1914-˛¬ Z£n-Wm-^n-°≥ PohnXwAh-km-\n-∏n®v aS-ßm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. e≠-\n-te-°mWv t]mb-sX-¶nepw Ahn-sS-h®v Akp-J-_m-[n-X-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ C¥y-bn-te°v aS-ßn. 1915 P\p-hcn9˛\v apwss_ Xpd-ap-JØv I∏-en-d-ßn.

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS- cm-jv-So-b- ]-co-£-W-im-e- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°-bm-Wv.-

tZ-io-b- bp-h-P-\-Zn-\w- (P-\p-h-cn- 12)-:- kzm-an- hn-th-Im-\-µ-s‚- P-∑-Zn-\w.-

C-¥y-≥ tZ-io-b- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- B-flo-b- ]n-Xm-hv-F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Cu- tbm-K-n-h-cy≥ Xs‚]kn-≤-amb Nn°mtKm ]kw-K-Øn-eqsS (1893) mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ IcpØv ]m›m-Xysct_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn. 39 h¿j-amWv At±lw Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv (1863-˛1902). AIm-e-Øn¬ s]m-en-™- Cu-]-Xn-`m-im-en-bm-Wv- C-¥y- F-s‚- cm-Py-am-Wv- F-∂p-Xp-S-ßp-∂- tZ-io-b- ]-Xn-⁄-bp-sS- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv.-

C-¥y-≥ I-c-tk-\m-Zn-\w- (P-\p-h-cn- 15)-:- sI.-Fw.- I-cn-b-∏- I-am-≥U¿- C-≥ No-^m-b- Zn-\w.-

C¥ybv°v- kzm-X-¥yw- e- n-°p-tºmƒ- I-am-≥U¿- C-

1. National Voter’s Day:(a) January 25 (b) January 26(c) January 27 (d) January 28

2. National Newspaper’s Day:(a) January 26 (b) January 29(c) January 30 (d) January 31

3. Census Day in India:(a) February 19 (b) February 10(c) February 9 (d) February 17

4. World Tuberculosis Day:(a) January 30 (b) March 24(c) March 26 (d) March 30

5. Which day is held on third Friday ofMarch?(a) World Sleep day(b) World Malaria Day(c) World Coconut Day(d) World Rabies Day

6. World Parkinson’s Day is observed on:(a) April 1 (b) April 18(c) April 17 (d) April 11

7. World Coconut day is observed on:(a) September 1 (b) September 22(c) September 2 (d) October 2

8. World Green Consumer Day:(a) September 27 (b) September 18(c) September 5 (d) September 28

9. World Polio Day:(a) November 20 (b) September 23(c) October 24 (d) September 30

10. World Television Day:(a) November 21 (b) October 24(c) November 19 (d) August 15

11. National Minorities Rights Day:(a) December 10 (b) December 18(c) December 28 (d) December 31

12. World Mental Health Day is on:(a) October 1 (b) October 10(c) September 10 (d) November 10

13. World Oceans Day is observed on:(a) June 5 (b) June 6(c) July 11 (d) June 8

14. World Computer Literacy day:(a) December 2 (b) December 1(c) December 10 (d) December 22

15. Hindi Day is observed on:(a) September 26 (b) October 2(c) September 14 (d) November 14

16. The Asian country that gotindependence on 15th August 1971:(a) Bangladesh (b) Bahrain(c) Myanmar (d) South Korea

17. Name the African country whoseIndependence Day falls on August 15:(a) Ghana (b) Nigeria(c) Republic of Congo (d) Sudan

18. Name the country other than Indiawhose Independence Day falls onAugust 15:(a) Bangladesh (b) Pakistan(c) Sri Lanka (d) South Korea

19. January 26 is observed as RepublicDay in India. It is observed as theNational Day in:(a) China (b) USA(c) Australia (d) Japa

20. On whose birth anniversary NationalRemote Sensing Day is observed?(a) Vikram Sarabhai (b) Homi Bhabha(c) C.V. Raman (d) MeghnathSaha

21. Ambedkar Day is observed on:

(a) Birth Anniversrsary(b) Death Anniversary (c) Day onwhich he accepted Buddhism(d) Day on which he become theChairman of Constituent Assembly

22. World Day for Men:(a) March 8 (b) November 15(c) November 29 (d) November 19

23. National Remote Sensing Day:(a) October 4 (b) August 12(c) August 22 (d) November 14

24. Nurses Day is observed on:(a) July 1 (b) May 17(c) May 12 (d) May 22

25. World Wetlands Day:(a) February 9 (b) February 12(c) February 10 (d) February 2

Answers1 (a) 2(b) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5(a) 6(d) 7(c) 8(d) 9(c)10(a) 11(b) 12(b) 13(d) 14(a) 15(c) 16(b)17(c) 18(d) 19(c) 20(a) 21(b) 22(d) 23(b)24(c) 25(d)

Selected QuestionsImportant Days

≥ No-^v- B-bn-cp- P-\-d¬- k¿- tdm-bv- _p-®-dn¬-\n-∂vv-1949 P-\-h-cn- 15˛-\m-Wv- I-cn-b-∏- ]-Z-hn- G-s‰-Sp-Ø-Xv.-P-\-h-cn- 15 I-c-tk-\m-Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.- In-∏¿-F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-Øn¬- A-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂- I-cn-b-∏-bm-Wv- C-¥y-bn¬- o¬-Uv- am¿-j¬- ]-Z-hn- e-`n-®- c-≠m-a-sØ- hy-‡n-(1983).- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ô¬-Uv- am¿-j¬- F-kv.-F-®v.-F-^v.-sP.- a-t\-£m- B-Wv.-1973em-Wv- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- Cu- ]-Z-hn- e-`n-®-Xv.-

1955˛¬- I-am-≥U¿- C-≥ No- v- F-∂- ]-Z-hn- A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-I-bpw- No- v- Hm- v- Zn- B¿-an- Ãm- v- F-∂-]-Z-hn- \n-e-hn¬-h-cn-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- I-c-tk-\-bp-sS-B-Zy-sØ- No- v- Hm- v- B¿-an- Ãm- v- P-\-d¬- Fw.-cm-tP-µ-knw-Kv- BWv.

tZivt]w Znhkv (P-\p-hcn 23): t\XmPn kp`mjvNµ-t_m-kns‚ P∑-Zn\w.

1897-¬ I´-°n-emWv t\Xm-Pn-bpsS P\-\w.Ct∏mƒ Cu ÿew Hdo-k-bn-em-sW-¶nepw A∂v_wKm-fns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p.

C¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- B¿-an-°v- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In.-A-`n-hm-Zy-Øn-\v- P-bv- ln-µv- B-Zy-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p.-cm-Py-kv-t\-ln-I-fn¬- cm-P-Ip-am-c-≥ F-∂v- a-lm-flm-Km-‘n- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®p.- cm-jv-S-]n-Xm-hv- F-∂v- Km-‘n-Pn-sb- B-Zyw- hn-fn-®-Xv- t_m-km-Wv.- X-bv-hm-≥ a-e-\n-c-I-fn¬- hn-am-\w- X-I¿-∂v- A-¥-cn-®p-sh-∂p- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂- t_m-kn-s‚- ù-Xn-Im-h-in-jv-Sw- P-∏m-\n-se-c-t¶m-Pn- t£-X-Øn-em-Wv- kq-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

P\p-hcn 26 C¥y≥ dn∏-ªnIv Zn\w: C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨K-kns‚ B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ BZy kzmX-¥y-Zn\w BtLm-jn-®Xv 1930 P\p-hcn 26-˛-\m-Wv.B Znh-k-Øns‚ kvacW \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mWvkzmX-¥ym-\-¥cw C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ \ne-hn¬hcp∂-Xn-\p≈ Xob-Xn-bmbn P\p-hcn 26 Xnc-s™-Sp-°pIbpw B Znhkw F√m h¿jhpw dn∏-ªnIv Zn\-ambn BN-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ cmjvS-Ø-eh\p≈ `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\amWv dn∏-ªn-Iv.

C¥y≥ \yqkvt]∏¿Zn\w (P\hcn 29): sPbnw-kv- A-K-kv-X-kv- ln-°n- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-X-am-b- _w-Kmƒ- K-k-‰v- B-cw-`n-®- Xo-b-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv- (1780).-

_w-Kmƒ- K-k-‰v- A-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂- a-‰p- t]-cp-I-fm-Wv-I¬-°- - P-\-d¬- A-sUz¿-ss -k¿,- lo-°o-kv- K-k-‰v- F-∂n-h.-

c‡-km£n Zn\w (P-\p-hcn 30): Km‘nPn h[n-°-s∏´ Znhkw.

]m¿Y-\m-tbm-K-Øn-\p-t]m-Ith 1948 P\p-hcn 30-˛\v \yqU¬ln-bn¬ _n¿fm-a-µn-c-Øn-\p-k-ao-]-Øp-h®v \mYpdmw hn\m-bIv tKmUvsk-bpsS shSn-tb‰v

Km‘nPn sIm√-s∏-´p.

Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ HutZym-KnI ]Z-hn-I-sfm∂pwhln-°mØ Hcp hy‡n-bpsS \ncym-W-Øn¬ A\p-tim-Nn-°m≥ sFIy-cm-jvS-k` AXns‚ Ncn-X-Øn-em-Zy-ambn ]XmI ]IpXn XmgvØn-s°- nbXv Km‘n-Pn-bpsS \ncym-W-th-f-bn-em-Wv.

Km‘n-h-[-t°-kn¬ in£ hn[n-®Xv PÃnkvBfl-N-c¨ AK¿hm-fm-Wv. tKmUvsk-bvs°m∏w\mcm-b¨ B]vsX-sbbpw 1949 \hw-_¿ 15\vAw_mem Pbn-en¬ Xq°n-te-‰n.

]©m-bØv Zn\w (s -_p-hcn 19): s_¬h-¥vdmbntaØ-bpsS P∑-Zn\w

C¥y-bnse ]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚]nXmhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ _¬h-¥vdmbn taØ ]©m-bØv cmPv kw_-‘n®v ip]m¿i-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°m≥tIµ-k¿°m¿ \ntbm-Kn® kan-Xn-bpsS Xe-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. XnXe ]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m-\-amWvs_¬h¥v dmbn taØ IΩn‰n ip]m¿i sNbvX-Xv.

2015 sk]v-Xw-_¿ 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 23

Test of Arithmetic and Mental AbilityTest of Arithmetic and

Mental Ability-11. A man riding a bicycle, completes one

lap of a square field along its perimeterat the speed of 39.6 km/hr in oneminute 20 seconds. What is the area ofthe field?(a)52900 (b) 48400(c) 44100 (d) Cannot bedetermined

2. Which is different from others?(a)Vaseline (b) Quinine(c) Rubber (d) Resin

3. Rajesh incurred a loss of 45% onselling an article for Rs.3740. Whatwas the cost price of the article?(a)Rs.5080 (b) Rs.6250(c) 6800 (d) 6400

4. Earth: Saturn:: Rohini:?(a)Comet (b) Moon (c) Sun(d) Aryabhatta

5. The diameter of a wheel is 70 cm.What will be the distance covered in350 revolutions?(a)77m (b) 770m(c) 570m (d) 970m

6. A clock gains five minutes every hour.What will be the angle traversed by thesecond hand in one minute?(a)360 (b) 360.5(c) 390 (d) 380

7. 20 litres of a mixture contains 20%alcohol and the rest water. If 5 litres ofwater be mixed in it, the percentage ofalcohol in the new mixture will be:(a) 18 (b) 18(c) 15 (d) 16

8. If LOSE is coded as 1357 and GAIN iscoded as 2468, what do the figures84615 stand for?(a)NAILS (b) SNAIL(c) LANES (d) SLAIN

9. A group of 7 children has an averageage of 12 years. One of them aged 6leaves the group. What would be theage of the rest of the members after 2years?(a)12 years (b) 13 years(c) 14.5 years (d) 15 years

10. Sty: Pig:: Byre: ?(a)Eagle (b) Cow(c) Tiger (d) Hen

11. Marked price of an article is 25 percentabove cost price. What will be gainpercent after allowing a discount of12% to the customer?(a)10 (b) 15(c) 8 (d) 20

12. ACEG: SUWY:: BDFH:?(a) TVZX (b) RTZV(c) TVXZ (d) RTVZ

13. On what sum of money will thedifference between compound interest

and simple interest for 2 years at 5percent is Rs.5?(a)4000 (b) 2500(c) 2000 (d) 3500

14. Which number is wrong in the givenseries 126,98,70,41,14(a)98 (b) 70(c) 126 (d) 41

15. A number is as much greater than 19 asis less than 59. Find that number:(a) 39 (b) 47(c) 37 (d) 29

16. Only one meaningful word can beformed by rearranging the letters of thegiven jumbled word. Find out that word:MUSPOPAPOTIH(a)METAMORPHIC(b) PHILANTHROPIST(c) HIPPOPOTAMUS(d) HIPPOCAMPUS

17. The length, breadth and height of aschool auditorium are 10m,30m and10m respectively. The density of the airis 1.3 kg per cubic metre. The mass ofthe air inside the auditorium is:(a)39 kg (b) 390 kg(c) 3900 kg (d) 39000 kg

18. M is the son of P. Q is the granddaughter of O who is the husband of P.How is M related to O?(a)Son (b) Father(c) Daughter (d) Mother

19. The profit earned after selling an articlefor Rs.878 is the same as loss incurredafter selling the price for Rs.636. Whatis the cost price of the article?(a)Rs.797 (b) Rs.787(c) Rs.767 (d) Rs.757

20. Choose the correct alternative from thegiven ones that will complete theseries: 8,24,12,__,18,54(a)28 (b) 36(c) 46 (d) 38

21. 12 men can do a piece of work in 10days. How many men would berequired to do the same work in 8days?(a)14 (b) 18(c) 15 (d) 16

22. Nagative: Positive:: Odd:?(a)Prime (b) Composite(c) Common (d) Even

23. In a hotel there is provision for food for200 men for 30 days. After 10 days, 50more men join them. The remainingfood will last for:(a)16 days (b) 20 days(c) 12 days (d) 15 days

24. Which is different from others?(a)Truck (b) Cart(c) Sledge (d) Bicycle

25. A 480m long train crosses a platform in140 seconds. What is the speed of thetrain?

(a)5m/s (b) 7m/s(c) 4.5 m/s (d) Cannot be determined

Answers1 (b) 2(a) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5(b) 6(c) 7(d) 8(a) 9(d)10(b) 11(a) 12(c) 13(b) 14(d) 15(a) 16(c) 17(c)18(a) 19(d) 20(b) 21(c) 22(d) 23(a) 24(c) 25(d)

Test of Arithmetic andMental Ability-2

1. Architect: Building:: Sculptor:?(a)Museum (b) Stone(c) Chisel (d) Statue

2. The average height of 21 girls wasrecorded as 148 cms. If the teacher’sheight was added, the averageincreased by one. What was theteacher’s height?(a) 156cms (b) 168 cms(c) 170 cms (d) 162 cms

3. Select the one which is different fromothers:(a)Heat (b) Light(c) Bulb (d) Electricity

4. Find a number whose fourth partincreased by 5 is equal to its third partdiminished by 5.(a)120 (b) 132(c) 108 (d) 96

5. Choose the correct alternative from thegiven ones that will complete the series:3,4,7,11,18,29,?(a)31 (b) 39(c) 43 (d) 47

6. 20 percent of a number when added to20 becomes the number itself. What isthe number?(a)20 (b) 25(c) 50 (d) 100

7. Activeness: Idleness:: Motion:?(a)Rest (b) Speed(c) Acceleration (d) Retardation

8. The average marks obtained by a groupof 20 students is 40. If 2 marks areadded to each, the new average will be:(a)40 (b) 50(c) 80 (d) 42

9. Which is the odd one?(a)BF (b) EH(c) JM (d) LO

10. A sphere whose diameter is 6 cm, ismelted and drawn into a wire of radius1 mm. What is the length of the wire?(a)20m (b) 30m(c) 36m (d) 40 m

11. If 24 is related to 60, in the same way120 is related to:(a)160 (b) 220(c) 108 (d) 300

12. Two girls caught fish. Sita caught twiceas many as Radha. How many fishSita caught?(a)6 (b) 14(c) 9 (d) 10

13. BDFH: JLNP :: ?: KMOQ

(a)HIJK (b) EGJL(c) CFGI (d) CEGI

14. Two cars are both approcaching eachother at a speed of 40kmph. If thedistance between them is 160 km, howlong will they take to meet each ofthem?(a)4 hours (b) 3 hours(c) 2 hours (d) 6 hours

15. Select the one which is different fromothers:(a)515-103 (b) 635-127(c) 745-149 (d) 856-214

16. The time of starting a funtion was 10.00a.m. However, the chief guest arrived40 minutes late. The function hadalready started 5 minutes before. Atwhat time did the function start?(a)10:20 a.m. (b) 10:30 a.m.(c) 10:35 a.m. (d) 10:38 a.m.

17. In a row of trees, one tree is the 7th fromeither end of the row. How many treesare there in the row?(a)11 (b) 13(c) 14 (d) 15

18. The difference between 20% of 272 and372:(a)50 (b) 40(c) 20 (d) 15

19. Select the meaningful order 1.Lung2.Nostrils 3. Windpipe 4.Blood(a)1,2,3,4 (b) 2,3,1,4(c) 4,3,2,1 (d) 1,3,4,2

20. The surface area of a cube is 54 sq. m.Find its edge:(a)9m (b) 6m(c) 4m (d) 3m

21. Which sequence of mathematicalsymbols can replace * in the givenequation? 8*5*9*31(a)- x = (b) - = x(c) = x - (d) x - =

22. After deduction of 10% from a certainsum, and then 20% from the remainder,there are Rs.360 left. What was theoriginal sum?(a)Rs.500 (b) Rs.600(c) Rs.550 (d) Rs.450

23. Select the one which is different fromothers:(a)25,36 (b) 144,169(c) 100,121 (d) 9,64

24. 100 oranges are distributed amongfriends equally. Had there been fivemore friends, each would have receivedone orange less. How many were they?(a)50 (b) 25(c) 20 (d) 10

25. MKQO: LNPR:: ? :XVTZ(a)YSUW (b) SVWY(c) VTWY (d) WYTS

Answers1 (d) 2(c) 3 (c) 4 (a) 5(d) 6(b) 7(a) 8(d) 9(a)10(c) 11(d) 12(b) 13(d) 14(c) 15(d) 16(c)17(b) 18(c) 19(b) 20(d) 21(d) 22(a) 23(d)24(c) 25(a)

PSC BULLETINFortnightly

1. R.N. 44588/86 Reg. No. KL/TV (N)34/2015-172. Licence No. for posting without pre payment - KL/TV(N)/WPP/165/2015-17

Rupees 5.00September 1, 2015

Views and ideas expressed in the articles published in PSC Bulletin are not, necessarily, those of the Commission. Edited and Published by Saju George, SecretaryKerala Public Service Commission on behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and Printed by him at P. Krishna Pillai Memorial Printing & Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram.

lotdm- ssk-°nƒ- ÿm-]-I-≥Hmw- ]-Im-iv- ap-™m¬-

A-¥-cn-®p-ssk-°nƒ- \n¿-am-Xm-°-fm-b- lo-tdm-

ssk-°nƒ-kn-s‚- ÿm-]-I- sN-b¿-am-≥Hmw- ]-Im-iv- ap-™m¬- A-¥-cn-®p.

C-¥y-bn-se- ssk-°nƒ-hy-h-km-b- hn-π-h-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-sh-∂m-Wv- ap-™m¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

kzm-Xn-bv-°v- sh-≈n-G-jy-≥ h-\n-X- t_m-Iv-kn-Mn¬- C-¥y-

bp-sS- kzm-Xn- _q-d-bv-°v- sh-≈n.- 81 In-tem-Kmw- hn-`m-K-Øn¬- ssN-\-bp-sS- bm-lv- jn-

hn-Jym-X- Nn-X-Im-c-≥]n-°m-tkm-bp-sS- tam-j-Ww- t]m-b- -em- tIm-bn-^yq-kv- F-∂- Nn-Xw- A-ta-cn-°- ^m-≥kn-\v- ssI-am-dn.- 1.-5 tIm-Sn- tUm-f¿-(97 tIm-Sn- cq-]-)- hn-e-a-Xn-°p-∂- Cu- Nn-Xw- H-º-Xv-am-k-ßƒ-°p-ap -ºm-Wv -s_¬-Pn-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v -ho-s≠-Sp-Ø-Xv.-

Icmdmbn; C\n hngn™whngn™w Xp-d-ap-J-]-≤-Xn-°v- I-cm-dm-bn.-

kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- m-hn-hn-I-k-\-Øn-\v- \-¶q-c-am-bn- am-dp-∂- hn-gn-™w- ]-≤-Xn-°m-Wv- a-e-bm-f-h¿-j-Øn-s‚- B-Zy- Zn-h-kw- I-cm-dm-

b-Xv.- ap-Jy-a-¥n- D-Ω-≥Nm-≠n-bp-sS-bpw- Xp-d-ap-J-\n¿-am-W- I-º-\n-bm-b- A-Zm-\n- t]m¿-Sv-kv- D-S-a- Ku-Xw- A-Zm-\n-bp-sS-bpw-km-∂n-[y-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p- I-cm¿-H-∏n-S¬.-

\-hw-_¿- H-∂n-\v- tI-c-f-∏n-d-hn-Zn-\-Øn¬- ]-≤-Xn-°v- B-Zy-I-√v- ho-gpw.- \m-ev- h¿-j-am-Wv-\n¿-am-W- Im-e-b-f-sh-¶n-epw-1000 Zn-h-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬- Xp-d-ap-J-Øv- I-∏-e-Sp-°p-sa-∂v- Ku-Xw-A-Zm-\n- ]-d-™p.- C-tXm-sS- kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- ap-t∂m-´p-≈- Ip-Xn-∏n-\v- Cu- Xp-d-ap-Jw- ]p-Xn-b-Nm -ep -Iƒ- Io -dp -sa -∂m -Wv -]Xo£.

bm-en-tbm-Sv- ss^-\-en¬- tXm-‰-tXm-sS-bm-Wv- kzm-Xn-bp-sS- t\-´w- sh-≈n-bn-sem-Xp-ßn-b-Xv.- Nm-ºy-≥jn-∏n¬- C-¥y-bp-sS- sa-U¬- t\-´w- H-cp- sh-≈n-bpw- A-©v- sh-¶-e-hp-am-bn.-

Iym-s®-Sp-Øv-c-lm-s\-bv-°v- sd-t°m-Uv-io-e-¶-bv-s°-Xn-cm-b- H-∂mw- In-°-‰v- sS-

Ãn¬- ô¬-Un-ßn¬- C-¥y-≥ Xm-cw- A-Pn-≥Iy- c-lm-s\- c-Nn-®-Xv- N-cn-Xw.- c-≠v- C-∂n-Mv-kp-I-fn-em-bn- F- v- e-¶-≥ _m-‰v-kv-am-∑m-sc-bm-Wv- c-lm-s\- Iym-s®-Sp-Øv- ]p-d-Øm-°n-b-Xv.- hn-°-‰v- Io-∏-d-√m-sX- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Iym-s®-Sp-°p-∂- I-fn-°m-c-s\-∂- tem-I-sd-t°m-Um-Wv- C-tXm-sS- C-¥y-≥ Xm-c-Øn-s‚- t]-cn-em-b-Xv.- hn-°-‰v- Io-∏¿-am-cn¬- 11t]-sc- H-cp- sS-Ãn¬- ]p-d-Øm-°n-b- Cw-•-≠n-s‚- Pm-Iv- d- -en-s‚-bpw- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°-bp-

sS- F.-_n.- Un-hn-√n-tb-gv-kn-s‚-bpw- t]-cn-em-Wv- sd-t°m-Uv.- G-gv- Iym-s®-Sp-Øn-cp-∂- sK-bv-Kv- Nm-∏¬- (Hm-kv-tS-en-b-),- bp-th-µ-kn-Mv-(C-¥y-),- l¿-j-≥ Xn-e-I-c-Xv-s\- (io-e-¶-),-Ão- -≥ v-sf-an-Mv- (\yq-ko-e-≥Uv-),- am-Xyp-sl-bv-U-≥ (Hm-kv-tS-en-b-)- F-∂n-h-cp-sS- t]-cn-em-bn-cp-∂p- \n-e-hn-se- sd-t°m-Uv.-

tam-Zn-°v- bp.-F.-C.-bn¬-D-÷z-e- kzo-I-c-Ww-

bp.-F.-C.-bn-se-Øn-b- C-¥y-≥ ]-[m-\-a-¥n- \-tc-µ-tam-Zn-°v- cm-P-Io-b- h-c-th¬-∏v.- ap-∏-Øn-\m-ev- h¿-j-Øn-\p- ti-j-am-Wv-H-cp- C-¥y-≥ ]-[m-\-a-¥n- bp.-F.-C- k-µ¿-in-°p-∂-Xv.-

A-_p-Zm-_n-bn-se-Øn-b- tam-Zn-sb- kzo-I-cn-°m-≥ t]m-t´m-tImƒ- am-‰n-sh-®v- A-_p-Zm-_n- In-co-Sm-h-Im-in- ssi-Jv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- _n-≥ km-bn-Zv- A¬- \-lym-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fpw- \-b-X-¥-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpw- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-Øn-se-Øn.-tk-\- Km¿-Uv- Hm-^v- Hm-W¿- \¬-In.-

ap-≥ thm-fn- Xm-cw-Sn.-]n.- ]-Zv-a-\m- -≥ \m-b¿-°v-

[ym-≥N-µv- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw-ap-≥ tZ-io-b- thm-fn-t_mƒ- Xm-cw- Sn.-

]n.- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥ \m-b¿- [ym-≥N-µv- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-bn.- thm-fn-t_mƒ- cw-K-sØ- k-a-K- kw-`m-h-\-bv-°m-Wv- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- e-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- k-a-K- kw-`m-h-\-bv-°v- C-¥y-≥ Im-bn-I-cw-K-sØ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-am-Wn-Xv.- tI-µ- Im-bn-I-a-¥m-e-b-am-Wv- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- ]-Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- ap-≥ tlm-°n- Xm-cw- k-^¿- C-Iv-_m¬- A-[y-£-\m-b- k-an-Xn-bm-Wv- ]p-c-kv-Im-c- tP-Xm-hn-s\- Xn-c-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv.- P-

°m¿-Ø- G-jy-≥ sK-bnw-kn¬- sh-≈n-sa-U¬- t\-Sn-b- C-¥y-≥ thm-fn-t_mƒ- So-an-s‚- \m-b-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p- Sn.-]n.-]n.- \m-b¿.-

kn-bm¬- tem-I-Øn-se-B-Zy- k-ºq¿-W- ku-tcm¿-P-

hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw-tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k-ºq¿-W- ku-

tcm¿-P- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-sa-∂- s]-cp-a- C-\n- sIm-®n- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-Øn-\v- kz-¥w.- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-Øn-s‚- Du¿-Pm-h-iy-ßƒ- ap-gp-h-\pw- \n¿-h-ln-°m-≥ D-X-Ip-∂- X-c-Øn¬- ÿm-]n-®n-´p-≈- 12 sa-Km-hm- v- ku-tcm¿-P- πm-‚ v- ap-Jy-a-¥n- D-Ω-≥ Nm-≠n- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xp.-

cm-„-]-Xn-]-W-_v- ap-J¿-Pn-bp-sS- `m-cy-kp-hv-dm- ap-J¿-Pn- A-¥-cn-®p-

cm-„-]-Xn- ]-W-_v- ap-J¿-Pn-bp-sS- `m-cy- kp-hv-dm- ap-J¿-Pn- (74)- A-¥-cn-®p.- Ip-d-®p-Im-e-am-bn- Nn-In-’-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.- izm-k-X-S- w- A-\p- -h-s∏- -Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂v- B-K-kv-Xv- G-gn-\m-Wv- B¿-an- dn-k¿-®v- B-≥Uv-d-^-d¬- B-ip-]-Xn-bn¬- ]-th-in-∏n-®-Xv.

ssk-\- t\-hm-fn-\v- sh-≈ntem-I- _m-Uv-an-‚- - Nm-ºy-≥jn-∏n-s‚-

h-\n-Xm- knw-Knƒ-kn¬- C-¥y-bp-sS- ssk-\- t\-hm-fn-\v- sh-≈n.- ss^-\-en¬- kv-?-]m-\n-jv- Xm-cw- I-tcm-fn-\- am-cn-≥ ssk-\-sb-t\-cn- p-≈- sK-bn-ap-I-fn¬- (2116,- 2119)- tXm¬-∏n-®p.- tem-I- _m-Uv-an-‚-¨- Nm-ºy-≥jn-∏n¬- H-cp- C-¥y-≥ Xm-c-Øn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- t\-´-hpw- C-¥y-bp-sS- A-©mw- sa-U-ep-am-Wn-Xv.- Cu- h¿-jw- \-S-∂- Hmƒ- Cw-•-≠v- ss^-\-en-epw- am-cn-≥ ssk-\-sb-tXm¬-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.- ]p-cp-j- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-ssN-\-bp-sS- sN-≥ tem-Mv- In-co-Sw- \n-e-\n¿-

Øn.- ss^-\-en¬- a-te-jy-bp-sS- eo- tNm-Mv- sh-sø- Io-g-S-°n- (2114,- 2117).--

io-e-¶-bn¬- -c-W-I-£n-°v-P-bw-;- cm-P-]-Iv-sk-bv-°v-

tXm¬-hn-io-e-¶-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-te-°v- \-S-∂- Xn-

c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- `-c-W-I-£n-bm-b- bp-ssW-‰-Uv- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-ń-°v- (bp.-F-≥.-]n.-)- P-bw.- ap-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v- a-ln-µ- cm-P-]-Iv-sk-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈- bp-ssW-‰-Uv- ]o-∏nƒ-kv- ô-Uw- A-e-b-≥kv- (bp.-]n.-F-^v.-F.-)- tXm¬-hn- k-Ω-Xn-®p.- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-se-225 ko-‰n¬- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- d-\n¬- hn-I-a-knw-sK- \-bn-°p-∂- bp.-F-≥.-]n.- 106 ko-‰n¬-(45.-7 i-X-am-\w- thm-´v-)- hn-P-bn-®p.-

]-d-hq¿- -c-X-≥ A-¥-cn-®p-a-e-bm-f- kn-\n-a-bn-se- A-`n-\-b-Øn-s‚-

Im-c-W-h¿- ]-d-hq¿- `-c-X-≥ A-¥-cn-®p.- B-dv- ]-Xn-‰m-≠v- \n-d-™- A-`n-\-b- an-I-hn¬-B-bn-c-tØm-fw- kn-\n-a-I-fn-epw- 500 \m-S-I-ß-fn-ep-am-bn- H-t´-sd- A-hn-kv-a-c-Wo-b- I-Ym-]m-X-ßƒ-°v- A-t±-lw- Po-h-t\-In.-

t]w-\-ko-dn-s‚- B-Zy-Nn-Xw- "-a-cp-a-Iƒ-'-]-d-hq¿- -c-X-s‚- aq-∂m-a-sØ- kn-\n-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- sN-Ωo-≥,- \-J-ßƒ,- a-dp-\m-S-≥ a-e-bm-fn,- cm-P-lw-kw,- sX-Ωm-Sn- th-e-∏-≥,- A-Sn-a-Iƒ,- d-Ãv- lu-kv,- ]-©-h-≥Im-Sv,- a-≠-≥am¿- e-≠-\n¬,- I-dp-Ø- ssI,- Im-°-s∏m-∂v,- tKm-Uv-^m-Z¿,- C-≥ l-cn-l¿- \-K¿,- A-c-a-\-ho-Spw- A-™q-td-°-dpw,- a-g-hn¬-°m-h-Sn- F-∂n-h- A-`n-\-bn-®- i-t≤-b-am-b- Nn-X-ß-fm-Wv. -"-N-ßm-Xn-°q-´w-'- B-Wv- A-h-

km-\w- A-`n-\-bn-®- Nn-Xw.- G-Xm-\pw- h¿-jw- ap-ºv- Nn-e- Sn.-hn.- ko-cn-b-ep-I-fn-epw- C-t±-lw- A-`n-\-bn-®p.-

t]w-Pn- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw,- _-l-Zq¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw,- i-¶-cm-Sn- A-hm¿-Uv,- tP-kn- u-t≠-j-≥ A-hm¿-Uv-,- '-am-Xr-`q-an-'- N-e-®n-X- k-]-cy- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- F-∂n-h- Dƒ-s∏-sS- H-´-\-h-[n- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-ß-fpw- B-Z-c-ß-fpw- e-`n-®n-´p-≠v.-

]n-°m-tkm-bp-sS- 97 tIm-Sn-bp-sS- Nn-Xw-A-ta-cn-°- ^m-≥kn-\v- ssI-am-dn-

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PSC November 15...Vol. 27 Issue 1 Fortnightly September 1, 2015 Page 24 ` 5 PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission SINCE 1985 website: E-mail: kpsc.psc@kerala…