PSAE ACT Practice PSAE ACT Practice Test IITest II

Q1Q1

Q2Q2

Q3Q3

Q4Q4

Q5Q5

Q6Q6 Which of the following phrases best Which of the following phrases best describes the major point of difference describes the major point of difference between the 2 scientists’ hypotheses?between the 2 scientists’ hypotheses?

F. The location of the eventF. The location of the event

G. The speed the object was travelingG. The speed the object was traveling

H. The density of Earth’s atmosphereH. The density of Earth’s atmosphere

J. The type of object that entered Earth’s J. The type of object that entered Earth’s atmosphere.atmosphere.

Q7Q7According to Scientist 2’s viewpoint, According to Scientist 2’s viewpoint, compared to the altitude at which a compared to the altitude at which a stony asteroid would have exploded in stony asteroid would have exploded in Earth’s atmosphere, a comet of Earth’s atmosphere, a comet of similar size would most likely have similar size would most likely have exploded at:exploded at:

A.A. The same altitude.The same altitude.

B.B. A higher altitude.A higher altitude.

C.C. A slightly lower altitude.A slightly lower altitude.

D.D. A much lower altitude.A much lower altitude.

Q8Q8Scientist 1’s viewpoint indicates that Scientist 1’s viewpoint indicates that when the materials that compose most when the materials that compose most of a comet are sufficiently heated, they of a comet are sufficiently heated, they change to:change to:

F. SolidsF. Solids

G. GasesG. Gases

H. LiquidsH. Liquids

J. A vacuumJ. A vacuum

Q9Q9Which of the following statements best Which of the following statements best describes how Scientist 2 would explain describes how Scientist 2 would explain why no large, identifiable fragments of the why no large, identifiable fragments of the object have been recovered?object have been recovered?

A.A. Any large, identifiable fragments that Any large, identifiable fragments that reached the ground have been removed reached the ground have been removed from the area by erosion.from the area by erosion.

B.B. Any large, identifiable fragments were Any large, identifiable fragments were thrown hundreds of kilometers from the site.thrown hundreds of kilometers from the site.

C.C. No large, identifiable fragments of the object No large, identifiable fragments of the object reached the ground.reached the ground.

D.D. No large, identifiable fragments of the object No large, identifiable fragments of the object have been recovered due to the soil have been recovered due to the soil conditions in the area.conditions in the area.

Q10Q10

How would the behavior of the asteroid How would the behavior of the asteroid differ from that described in Scientist differ from that described in Scientist 2’s viewpoint if the asteroid had not 2’s viewpoint if the asteroid had not been flattened by the air pressure been flattened by the air pressure difference? difference? The asteroid would:The asteroid would:

F. Not have entered Earth’s atmosphere.F. Not have entered Earth’s atmosphere.G. Have struck another planet in the G. Have struck another planet in the

solar system.solar system.H. Have decelerated more gradually.H. Have decelerated more gradually.J. Have frozen.J. Have frozen.

Q11Q11Which of the following statements would Which of the following statements would

both scientists most likely use to explain both scientists most likely use to explain the damage to the forest caused by the the damage to the forest caused by the object’s explosion? Energy from the object’s explosion? Energy from the explosion:explosion:

A.A. Traveled rapidly down to Earth’s surface.Traveled rapidly down to Earth’s surface.B.B. Dissipated in the upper atmosphere.Dissipated in the upper atmosphere.C.C. Was released less than 1 km above Was released less than 1 km above

Earth’s surface.Earth’s surface.D.D. Was released as the object struck Was released as the object struck

Earth’s surface.Earth’s surface.

Q12Q12Scientist 1’s viewpoint would be Scientist 1’s viewpoint would be weakenedweakened by which of the following by which of the following observations about comets, if true?observations about comets, if true?

F. Comets are composed mainly of frozen F. Comets are composed mainly of frozen materials.materials.

G. Comets are much larger than 100 m in G. Comets are much larger than 100 m in diameter.diameter.

H. Comets often pass close enough to H. Comets often pass close enough to Earth to intersect Earth’s atmosphere.Earth to intersect Earth’s atmosphere.

J. Comets orbit the Sun.J. Comets orbit the Sun.

Q13Q13Based on the results of Based on the results of Study 3, one could Study 3, one could generalize that compared generalize that compared to hand-planting of seeds, to hand-planting of seeds, ant-planting of seeds ant-planting of seeds results in:results in:

A.A. Increased seed Increased seed germinationgermination

B.B. Increased seed production Increased seed production per plantper plant

C.C. Decreased plant survival Decreased plant survival after 1 yearafter 1 year

D.D. Decreased plant survival Decreased plant survival after 2 years.after 2 years.

Q14Q14Which of the following Which of the following

variables was controlled variables was controlled in the design of Study 2?in the design of Study 2?

F. The number of ants in F. The number of ants in each siteeach site

G. The number of seed G. The number of seed dishes placed in each dishes placed in each sitesite

H. The mass of the H. The mass of the elaisome of each seedelaisome of each seed

J. The type of seeds taken J. The type of seeds taken by the ants in each site. by the ants in each site.

This is the only variable that a humancould control for.

Q15Q15

According to the results of the studies, Species A According to the results of the studies, Species A and Species B are most similar in that their:and Species B are most similar in that their:

A.A. Seed mass are the same.Seed mass are the same.B.B. Germination rates on ant waste piles are the Germination rates on ant waste piles are the

samesameC.C. Percentages of elaiosome mass per seed are Percentages of elaiosome mass per seed are

the same.the same.D.D. Rates of production of seeds after 1 year are the Rates of production of seeds after 1 year are the

same.same.

Q16Q16In Study 2, Site 3 was used In Study 2, Site 3 was used

to study the:to study the:

F. F. Preference of a different Preference of a different ant species for the seeds ant species for the seeds of both plant species.of both plant species.

G. Seed preference of ants in G. Seed preference of ants in an area in which both an area in which both plant species were absent.plant species were absent.

H.H. Growth and survival of Growth and survival of both plant species in an both plant species in an area where ants were not area where ants were not present.present.

J. Effects of elaiosome mass J. Effects of elaiosome mass on the seed preference of on the seed preference of ants.ants.

Q17Q17

Which of the following is a weakness of the Which of the following is a weakness of the design of Study 2?design of Study 2?

A.A. Some plants were not present at each site.Some plants were not present at each site.

B.B. Some seeds were not present at each site.Some seeds were not present at each site.

C.C. The seeds may have been removed from the The seeds may have been removed from the dishes by animals other than ants.dishes by animals other than ants.

D.D. The plants may have been eaten by animals The plants may have been eaten by animals other than ants.other than ants.

Q18Q18

The results of Study 2 suggest that which of the The results of Study 2 suggest that which of the following factors most affects the seed following factors most affects the seed preference of ants?preference of ants?

F. F. Seed massSeed massG. G. Elaiosome massElaiosome massH. H. Percentage of seed mass composed of Percentage of seed mass composed of

elaiosomeelaiosomeJ. J. Abundance of a plant in a given areaAbundance of a plant in a given area

Q19Q19As the tape’s width increases, the force required to As the tape’s width increases, the force required to remove the tape from a given wrapping:remove the tape from a given wrapping:

A.A. Increases onlyIncreases only B. decreases onlyB. decreases only

C. Remains constantC. Remains constant D. varies, but no D. varies, but no particular particular

trend.trend.

Q20Q20In Experiment 2, had In Experiment 2, had Brand X tape in 4.0 cm Brand X tape in 4.0 cm width been tested, the width been tested, the force required to remove force required to remove the tape from the plastic the tape from the plastic wrapping would have wrapping would have been closest to: been closest to:

F. 5.0 NF. 5.0 N

G. 7.0 NG. 7.0 N

H. 9.0 NH. 9.0 N

J. 11.0 NJ. 11.0 N4.0

1.6

1.6 + 1.6 = 3.2

3.2 + 1.8 = 5.0

5.0 + 2.0 = 7.07.0

Q21Q21Based on the average Based on the average results of Experiments results of Experiments 1 and 2, which of the 1 and 2, which of the following brands of following brands of tape adhered better to tape adhered better to the paper than to the the paper than to the plastic?plastic?

A.A. Brand XBrand X

B.B. Brand YBrand Y

C.C. Brands X and YBrands X and Y

D.D. Brands Y and ZBrands Y and Z

Q22Q22Which brand(s) of Which brand(s) of tape was/were used tape was/were used at only 2 different at only 2 different widths in both widths in both experiments?experiments?

F. Brand X onlyF. Brand X only

G. Brand Y onlyG. Brand Y only

H. Brand Z onlyH. Brand Z only

J. Brands Y and Z onlyJ. Brands Y and Z only

Q23Q23For the students to For the students to determine the force determine the force required to remove tape required to remove tape from a wrapping, which of from a wrapping, which of the following attractive the following attractive forces had to exceed the forces had to exceed the adhesive force between adhesive force between the tape and the the tape and the wrapping?wrapping?

A.A. The force between the The force between the clamp and the tapeclamp and the tape

B.B. The force between the The force between the clamp and the paper or clamp and the paper or plastic wrapping.plastic wrapping.

C.C. The force between the The force between the Earth and the wrappingEarth and the wrapping

D.D. The force between the The force between the Earth and the tape.Earth and the tape.

Q24Q24The students’ instructor gave The students’ instructor gave them a strip of tape that was them a strip of tape that was 2.5 cm wide and asked them 2.5 cm wide and asked them to identify the brand. The to identify the brand. The students repeated the students repeated the procedures from Experiments procedures from Experiments 1 and 2 using the tape and 1 and 2 using the tape and obtained average forces of obtained average forces of 4.9 N for paper and 4.1 N for 4.9 N for paper and 4.1 N for plastic. Which of the following plastic. Which of the following brands would most likely have brands would most likely have produced these results?produced these results?

F. Brand X onlyF. Brand X onlyG. Brand Y onlyG. Brand Y onlyH. Brands X and Y onlyH. Brands X and Y onlyJ. Brands Y and Z onlyJ. Brands Y and Z only

4.9

4.1

Q25Q25According to the According to the information provided, information provided, heat flowed from the heat flowed from the wall at temperature wall at temperature TT22

to the wall at to the wall at temperature temperature TT11 in in

which trial?which trial?

A.A. Trial 4Trial 4

B.B. Trial 6Trial 6

C.C. Trial 10Trial 10

D.D. Trial 12Trial 12

Q26Q26Insulators Insulators are materials are materials that are poor heat that are poor heat conductors. According to conductors. According to Trials 7 through 10, a Trials 7 through 10, a wall of a given thickness wall of a given thickness built of which of the built of which of the following materials would following materials would provide the best provide the best insulation between a insulation between a room and the outdoors?room and the outdoors?

F. WoodF. WoodG. BrickG. BrickH. ConcreteH. ConcreteJ. SteelJ. Steel

Hint, We’re looking for a LOW Heat flow (J/sec)

Q27Q27The results of Trials 1 and The results of Trials 1 and 5 are consistent with the 5 are consistent with the hypothesis that heat flow hypothesis that heat flow from a hotter wall to a from a hotter wall to a cooler wall is dependent cooler wall is dependent on the: on the:

A.A. Temperature of the hotter Temperature of the hotter wall onlywall only

B.B. Temperature of the cooler Temperature of the cooler wall onlywall only

C.C. Sum of the wall Sum of the wall temperatures.temperatures.

D.D. Difference between the Difference between the wall temperatures.wall temperatures.

The difference between the Wall temperatures in Trial 1And Trial 5 are both 30°C.

50°C - 20°C = 30°C

100°C - 70°C = 30°C

Q28Q28Materials differ in their Materials differ in their thermal thermal conductivities:conductivities: the higher the the higher the thermal conductivity, the greater thermal conductivity, the greater the heat flow through the material. the heat flow through the material. According to Trials 6 through 11, According to Trials 6 through 11, which of the following statements which of the following statements about relative thermal about relative thermal conductivities is NOT true?conductivities is NOT true?

F. Brick has a higher thermal F. Brick has a higher thermal conductivity than glass wool.conductivity than glass wool.

G. Brick has a higher thermal G. Brick has a higher thermal conductivity than wood.conductivity than wood.

H. Steel has a higher thermal H. Steel has a higher thermal conductivity than aluminum.conductivity than aluminum.

J. Steel has a higher thermal J. Steel has a higher thermal conductivity than concrete.conductivity than concrete.

F. brick glass wool

G. Brick wood

H. Steel aluminum

J. Steel concrete

Q29Q29 Trials 1 and 3 provide evidence that heat flow Trials 1 and 3 provide evidence that heat flow depends on which of the following factors?depends on which of the following factors?

A.A. Distance between wallsDistance between wallsB.B. Contact areaContact areaC.C. Temperature of the hotter wallTemperature of the hotter wallD.D. Temperature of the cooler wallTemperature of the cooler wall

Trial 1: Heat flow @ 0.025 J/secIs approx. twice that of Trial 3:Heat flow @ 0.013 J/sec.

Q30Q30Which of the following is the Which of the following is the most likely reason that most likely reason that amounts greater than 0.125 amounts greater than 0.125 mol of NaCl were not tested mol of NaCl were not tested in Experiment 3? The results in Experiment 3? The results showed that:showed that:

F. Adding more NaCl no longer F. Adding more NaCl no longer increased the reaction rate.increased the reaction rate.

G. Adding more NaCl would G. Adding more NaCl would decrease the reaction rate.decrease the reaction rate.

H. The boiling point was H. The boiling point was reached, so no further data reached, so no further data could be gathered with this could be gathered with this procedure.procedure.

J. More Fe would need to be J. More Fe would need to be added for any greater added for any greater increase in temperature to increase in temperature to occur.occur.

After 82°C the solution inExperiment 3 was boiling,So no further testing couldBe performed.

Q31Q31Based on the results of Based on the results of Experiment 3, one can Experiment 3, one can reasonably conclude reasonably conclude that as the amount of that as the amount of NaCl added increased NaCl added increased from 0 mol to 0.100 from 0 mol to 0.100 mol, the maximum rise mol, the maximum rise in temperature within in temperature within 15 min of the start of 15 min of the start of the reaction:the reaction:

A.A. Increased only.Increased only.B.B. Increased, then stayed Increased, then stayed

the same.the same.C.C. Decreased only.Decreased only.D.D. Decreased, then Decreased, then

stayed the same.stayed the same.

As the NaCl added increased from 0 mol to100 mol, the temperature went up.

Temperature °C: 0, 19, 34, 50, 66...

Q32Q32If a trial had been If a trial had been done in Experiment 3 done in Experiment 3 with 0.060 mol of with 0.060 mol of NaCl added, the NaCl added, the maximum maximum temperature increase temperature increase of the mixture that of the mixture that would have occurred would have occurred within 15 min would within 15 min would have been closest to:have been closest to:

F. 34F. 34°C°CG. 42°CG. 42°CH. 50°CH. 50°CJ. 62°CJ. 62°C

0.060 mol of NaC = _____°C

0.060 ?°C

Q33Q33Which of the Which of the following factors following factors affecting the affecting the reaction of Mg and reaction of Mg and HH22O was studied in O was studied in

Experiment 1, but Experiment 1, but not in Experiments not in Experiments 2 or 3?2 or 3?

A.A. Reaction Reaction temperaturetemperature

B.B. Addition of NaClAddition of NaCl

C.C. Addition of FeAddition of Fe

D.D. Surface area of MgSurface area of Mg

Q34Q34An engineer is designing an An engineer is designing an FRH, to be used with 100 mL of FRH, to be used with 100 mL of HH22O, that will most rapidly O, that will most rapidly generate the greatest amount of generate the greatest amount of heat with the heat with the leastleast amount of amount of materials. Based on the results of materials. Based on the results of Experiments 1, 2, and 3, which of Experiments 1, 2, and 3, which of the following specifications the following specifications should she choose?should she choose?

F. 0.50 mol Fe powder, o.125 mol F. 0.50 mol Fe powder, o.125 mol NaCl, and 0.10 mol of Mg NaCl, and 0.10 mol of Mg powder.powder.

G. 0.50 mol Fe powder, 0.125 mol G. 0.50 mol Fe powder, 0.125 mol NaCl, and 0.10 mol Mg ribbonNaCl, and 0.10 mol Mg ribbon

H. 0.70 mol Fe powder, 0.125 mol H. 0.70 mol Fe powder, 0.125 mol NaCl, and 0.10 mol of Mg powderNaCl, and 0.10 mol of Mg powder

J. 0.70 mol Fe powder, o.125 mol J. 0.70 mol Fe powder, o.125 mol NaCl, and 0.10 mol of Mg ribbonNaCl, and 0.10 mol of Mg ribbon

Remember, Fast acting, low cost!

Q35Q35

It has been observed that as Mg and HIt has been observed that as Mg and H22O react, the Mg(OH)O react, the Mg(OH)22 (magnesium hydroxide) that is produced forms an unreactive (magnesium hydroxide) that is produced forms an unreactive coating on the Mg surface. Which of the following models for coating on the Mg surface. Which of the following models for why NaCl speeds up the reaction is most consistent with this why NaCl speeds up the reaction is most consistent with this observation and the results of the experiment?observation and the results of the experiment?

A.A. NaCl absorbs heat produced in the reaction, causing the NaCl absorbs heat produced in the reaction, causing the Mg(OH)Mg(OH)2 2 to melt off of the Mg surface.to melt off of the Mg surface.

B.B. NaCl binds with Fe to inhibit the reaction of Mg with HNaCl binds with Fe to inhibit the reaction of Mg with H22O.O.C.C. NaCl reacts with Mg(OH)NaCl reacts with Mg(OH)2 2 to form a stronger barrier against Hto form a stronger barrier against H22O.O.D.D. NaCl reacts with Mg(OH)NaCl reacts with Mg(OH)2, 2, removing the coating from the Mg, removing the coating from the Mg,

allowing more contact with Hallowing more contact with H22O.O.

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g) + heat

Q36Q36

According to According to Figure 2, Figure 2, Enzyme A has Enzyme A has the fastest rate the fastest rate of reaction at a of reaction at a pH closest to: pH closest to:

F. 5F. 5

G. 6G. 6

H. 8H. 8

J. 9J. 9

A

Q37Q37Based on the Based on the data in Figure 2, data in Figure 2, at which of the at which of the following pHs, if following pHs, if any, do any, do Enzymes A and Enzymes A and B have the B have the same same acceleration acceleration factor?factor?

A.A. At pH 5 onlyAt pH 5 onlyB.B. At pH 6.7 onlyAt pH 6.7 onlyC.C. At all pHs At all pHs

between 2 and between 2 and 1111

D.D. At none of the At none of the pHs shown in pHs shown in the figure.the figure.

Our answer lies where the lines of data intersect forEnzyme A and B. This is shown by the circled area.

Q38Q38A scientist claims that the A scientist claims that the acceleration factor of Enzyme B is acceleration factor of Enzyme B is dependent on both enzyme and dependent on both enzyme and substrate concentration. Do the substrate concentration. Do the data in Figure 3 and 4 support her data in Figure 3 and 4 support her claim?claim?

F. No; the acceleration factor is F. No; the acceleration factor is dependent on enzyme dependent on enzyme concentration, but not on concentration, but not on substrate concentration.substrate concentration.

G. No; the acceleration factor is not G. No; the acceleration factor is not dependent on either enzyme of dependent on either enzyme of substrate concentration.substrate concentration.

H. Yes; the acceleration factor is H. Yes; the acceleration factor is dependent on enzyme dependent on enzyme concentration, but not on concentration, but not on substrate concentration.substrate concentration.

J. Yes; the acceleration factor is J. Yes; the acceleration factor is dependent on both enzyme and dependent on both enzyme and substrate concentration.substrate concentration.

Q39Q39A scientist claims that for the A scientist claims that for the conditions used to obtain the data for conditions used to obtain the data for Figure 4, the acceleration factor of Figure 4, the acceleration factor of Enzyme B at a given concentration will Enzyme B at a given concentration will always be greater than that of Enzyme always be greater than that of Enzyme A at the same concentration. Do the A at the same concentration. Do the data support his conclusion?data support his conclusion?

A.A. No; Enzyme B shows a lower No; Enzyme B shows a lower acceleration factor at all the enzyme acceleration factor at all the enzyme concentrations tested.concentrations tested.

B.B. B. No; Enzyme B shows a lower B. No; Enzyme B shows a lower acceleration factor at all the substrate acceleration factor at all the substrate concentrations tested.concentrations tested.

C.C. Yes; Enzyme B shows a higher Yes; Enzyme B shows a higher acceleration factor at all the enzyme acceleration factor at all the enzyme concentrations tested.concentrations tested.

D.D. Yes; Enzyme B shows a higher Yes; Enzyme B shows a higher acceleration factor at all the substrate acceleration factor at all the substrate concentrations tested.concentrations tested.

Q40Q40The figure below shows the The figure below shows the relative acceleration factors relative acceleration factors for for pepsinpepsin, an enzyme found , an enzyme found in the stomach, and in the stomach, and trypsintrypsin, , an enzyme found in the small an enzyme found in the small intestine.intestine.Based on this figure and Based on this figure and Figure 2, one would best Figure 2, one would best conclude that compared to conclude that compared to the acidity of solutions in the the acidity of solutions in the stomach, the solutions in the stomach, the solutions in the small intestine are:small intestine are:

F. More acidicF. More acidicG. Less acidicG. Less acidicH. Equally acidicH. Equally acidicJ. Less acidic for pepsin, but J. Less acidic for pepsin, but

more acidic for trypsin.more acidic for trypsin.