PS Training D1_L

7/18/2019 PS Training D1_L

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WBS elements are the structure elements of the work breakdown structure. A

WBS element describes a task or a partial task that can be divided. Use

operative indicators to define the characteristics of a controlling element, and

to specify what tasks will be performed by the WBS element when the project

is being eecuted as follows!

" WBS elements for which you want to plan costs are set as #planningelements$.

" WBS elements to which you want to post actual costs are set as #account

assignment elements$.

" WBS elements for which you want to plan or post revenues are set as

#billing elements$.

%ther indicators for functions used by WBS elements while reali&ing a project

are the statistical indicator and the grouping WBS element . 'he statistical



(f you want to edit large projects and you need to create numerous WBS

elements with comple project numbers, the system can help you to derive

the project hierarchy. 'o be able to derive the hierarchy from the keys defined

for the WBS elements, you must have defined an appropriate project codingmask in )ustomi&ing. After you have defined a project coding mask, you can

create WBS elements in a project one after the other without worrying about

the correct hierarchy level. *ou can enter all WBS elements in level +. 'he

system then derives the individual levels of the WBS elements from the

project coding mask.

'he WBS element with the shortest number is created on level +. 'he

remaining WBS elements are arranged in the lower hierarchy levels

depending upon their numbers and the number of special characters.

(f you do not want to derive the hierarchy structure, enter the reuired level in

*ou can change the operative indicators for individual WBS elements uickly

and easily in the hierarchy graphic. 'o do this, double-click on the

corresponding fields below the name of a WBS element. *ou can change the

project hierarchy by separating WBS elements or sub-trees from the project

hierarchy and arranging them in the project hierarchy again, or moving sub-

trees within the project hierarchy. *ou can also delete WBS elements in thehierarchy graphic.



ilestones are events that are of particular significance or interest to the

project flow. 'hey are assigned to individual WBS elements or activities.

ilestones can be used in both operative WBSs and standard WBSs.

ilestones are created either manually or by copying from a standardmilestone. (f you wish, you can also include a group of milestones. A

milestone group is made up of several standard milestones. (t is created in

)ustomi&ing for /roject System, and individual standard milestones are

assigned to the group. Standard milestones can be used only to copy from

0that is, they cannot be used in the operative process1. 'he milestones you

created for WBS elements have various tasks.

'he Sales Document Date indicator gives you the option of linking a milestone

with a date in the billing plan. When you reach a milestone, the system

transfers the actual date of the milestone to the billing plan.



When you define standard structures, you have the option of standardi&ing

your project management so that you can use empirical values from earlier

projects in new projects. Standard work breakdown structures can be used as

templates to copy from 0this saves time1. Another advantage of standardi&ingproject structures is that projects become more transparent and you can

compare them more easily, which enables more effective project controlling.

When you create an operating work breakdown structure, you can use a

complete standard work breakdown structure as a template or just copy parts

of it. (f you already have an operating work breakdown structure, you can copy

parts of it into the eisting project structure. (n this case, you can also Add

WBS elements.

*ou use standard work breakdown structures as templates for operative work

breakdown structures. *ou can use standard work breakdown structures to

plan the structure in advance, that is, the WBS hierarchy, organi&ational

assignments, control data, and project documentation 0long tets, /S tets1. (t

is not possible to plan operative data with standard work breakdown

structures. 2or eample, you cannot use a standard WBS for cost planning or time scheduling purposes. *ou also cannot maintain settlement rules in

standard WBS elements. Unlike operative work breakdown structures,

standard work breakdown structures do not have user statuses. (n the

standard work breakdown structure, only the definition has a status. 'he WBS

elements have no status, but you can already assign them a user status

profile. 'he status of the definition is )reated 0standard WBS1 0)34S1,

3eleased 0standard WBS1 0345S1 or )losed 0standard WBS1 0)5%S1. (f the



When activities are assigned to WBS elements, the date and costs defined in

the individual activities are aggregated at the WBS level, and can be

evaluated. Activity funds already assigned are checked against the budgets

of the WBS elements. )onversely, status, date information, or settlementrules, for eample, can be transferred from WBS elements to the assigned

activities.

A network represents the course of a project by describing the time seuence

and dependencies of events and activities in a project. A network consists of

two fundamental elements 6 activities and relationships. 7etworks and their

activities form the basis for planning, analy&ing, and controlling a project.

7etworks include information about the dates, costs, personnel, capacity,

materials, resources, and services that are reuired for carrying out a project



'he activities in a project describe the various steps and the work involved in

them. (n the /roject Builder, you can create activities for WBS elements,

meaning that the activities are assigned to the WBS elements and that the

planned and actual data for the activities 0dates, costs, and payment data1 canbe aggregated at the WBS element level.

7etworks can be header-assigned or activity-assigned, depending on order

type or plant. 7ormally, activity-assigned networks are used where costs are

gathered in each activity. 8eader-assigned networks are only significant for

the assignment of networks to sales orders 0without WBS1.

Use the activities in the network to plan resources, including labor, capacities,

materials, tools, and services, that you reuire for your project.



/roject structure tets are user-definable tets that are managed in a project

structure tet catalog. 'he tets are classified into different tet types. *ou can

assign project structure tets to one or more WBS elements or activities.

4nter project structure tets in SA/ 43/, SA/script, or icrosoft Word. 'heSA/ 43/ database stores the files in uestion.

Use the SA/ 9ocument anagement System 0SA/ 9S1 in the project

structure to assign document info records to WBS elements and activities.

(n the 9S, assign original 0eternal1 documents in various formats 04cel,

Word, //', B/, '(22, and )A9 formats1 to an 0internal SA/ 43/1 document

info record.

(n the project information system, you can display the document info records

and the corresponding original documents online. *ou can also display the

original documents using the (nternet.

Using the /roject Builder and the transaction )reate 7etwork, you can createnetworks manually, or using operative networks or standard networks as templates,without having to access them via a WBS. (f you want to create networks for aWBS, you can use the project planning board or structure planning. (f you work withsimulation versions, you can also create networks for a WBS. By transferring thesimulation version to an operative project, you create an operative network. (f you

use standard structures as templates, you can decide whether assigned networksshould be created when you create a WBS using an indicator. Assembly processingalso reuires standard networks as templates for creating networks.(n the SA/ system the network is a special kind of work order, which uses acommon structure with production or maintenance orders, for eample. 4achnetwork has a uniue identification that is assigned either automatically by thesystem depending upon the network type 0internal number assignment1 or by theuser when he or she creates the network 0eternal number assignment1.'he network header of a network contains default organi&ational assignment data



7ormally activities are not organi&ed in a random order in a network. 'here

are usually technical or content-stipulated dependencies between the

activities. 3elationships determine the chronological seuence of the

individual activities in a network 0or standard network1 or different networks.*ou can enter additional data 0such as a time interval of the relationship or

reference to a particular factory calendar1 in the detail screen for each

relationship. 'he type of relationship defines how the individual activities are

linked to each other.

Activities are given detail by activity elements. 2or eample, it is possible to

complement an activity, which describes the transport of a material, with a

cost element, which describes the insurance for that transport process. *ou

can also assign an eternal element to an internally processed activity for

design services, if, for eample, a specific detail design should be carried out

by an eternal provider. Activity elements have almost the same functionalityas activities. 'ypes of activity elements include internal processing elements,

eternal processing elements, and general costs elements. All activity

elements have a date reference to the activity to which they are assigned. (n

this way you are sure that each activity element can be planned

independently, while remaining bound by time to a superior activity. 'he

activity elements themselves do not affect scheduling. 2or this reason, they do

not have any relationships or durations. aterials and relationships are



(f you use templates that are assigned to each other 0that is, if you use

standard networks that are assigned to standard WBSs1, there are two ways

in which you can proceed. Both options 0+ and :1 are displayed in the figure.

*ou begin by creating an operative network 0with a template1 0+a1. (n thiscase, a WBS will be assigned when you save the network 0+b1. 'his is used

mainly for assembly processing and variant configuration with networks.

Alternatively, you can start by creating an operative WBS 0by copying a

template and all its activities1; in this case, the activities will be included right

from the start. (n the latter case, you can use the /roject Builder, project

planning board, or structure planning transactions 0:1.

'he assignment between standard networks and standard work breakdown

structures is carried out in the header and activities of the standard network.

'here are different ways to create project structures. (n the figure, these

options are presented schematically.

As well as being able to create work breakdown structures and<or networks

manually, you can also use eisting project structures as templates. *ou can

create a project by copying other operative projects, standard structures, or

simulation versions. Assembly processing is another indirect method of generating a network or, if necessary, a WBS from a sales order, for eample.



When you create a work breakdown structure based on a template, you can

use a checkbo to decide where the data for the new project will come from.

*ou can transfer the data from the profile of the template project, from the

template project itself, or from another profile you enter for the new project. Aproject profile must be entered when a work breakdown structure is created. (t

is a mandatory field in the project.

)oding masks serve as a display option for comple project numbers. 'hey canalso be used to derive the hierarchy of a work breakdown structure from thenumbers of their WBS elements. (n the /roject )oding ask table in )ustomi&ing,you define the appearance of the coding masks in the /roject System. 'he way it isset up depends on the first characters of the project number. 'hese charactersserve as keys for coding projects. *ou can create a mask for each key you want to

use when coding a project. 'he following characters are available for editing andstructuring project numbers 6 = for alphanumeric characters, and > for numericcharacters and special characters. (n addition, you can maintain blockingcheckboes for standard structures 05kS1 and operative structures 05ck1. (t is notpossible to create new projects with this coding key if you maintain a blockingcheckbo.(n the Special Characters table, you specify the possible special characters for usein editing masks, and you also specify the following for the project coding 6 whether coding must be used, how long the key should be, and whether this length is



*ou must create a status profile for certain types of objects. (n the /roject

System, these objects include project definition, WBS element, network

header, and network activity. ake the settings reuired for defining the user

status within the status profile using the following actions!+. 9efine the descriptions of user statuses and document their functions

using a corresponding long tet.

:. 9efine the order in which user statuses can be set using a status number.

?. 9efine the initial status that is set automatically when you create an

object.

@. 9efine that the system automatically sets the corresponding user status

when carrying out specific business transactions.

. /ermit or prohibit certain transactions if a certain user status is active.

'he control key of an activity stipulates the activity type 0internal processing,

eternal processing, service, and general costs activity1. 'he control key also

determines how an activity is handled during calculation, scheduling, capacity

planning, and shop paper printing.



'he control key of an activity stipulates the activity type 0internal processing,

eternal processing, service, and general costs activity1. 'he control key also

determines how an activity is handled during calculation, scheduling, capacity

planning, and shop paper printing.

'he system determines the parameters for the network type according to the plantand the network type.

" 'he Strategy field defines a key for determining settlement rules for activities." 'he Default rule is a settlement rule that can be used in the above strategy." 'he Reduction strategy describes how the duration of an activity can be

reduced automatically in the case of deadline pressure." 'he CstgVariantPlan and CstgVariantActl fields describe how planned costs

and actual costs are to be determined." 'he Plan Cost Calc. checkbo specifies when and how costing is to be carried

out." Selecting the Wrkflw P Chg. checkbo activates the workflow for changing

purchase order uantities and dates." Using the Acti!ity"Acct Assignment checkbo, you determine whether an

activity-assigned or header-assigned network is generated." 'he #et rder Price checkbo controls whether the net price is transferred

unchanged from the purchase re$uisition %PRe$& to the purchase order."



'he attributes of activities are defined by the Control 'ey .

Using Scheduling( Det. Cap. With Re$. and Costing , you can control whether

an activity is relevant for scheduling, determining capacity reuirements, andnetwork costing. (f the Schedule checkbo is not selected, the system uses a

duration of > when scheduling the activity, regardless of the value in the

Duration field in the activity.

'he Costs. act ., Ser!ice , and )*ternally proc. act. checkboes define the

activity category. When you schedule eternally processed activities, you can

use the Sched. )*t. Act. checkbo to define whether the planned delivery time

or the Duration field are used for scheduling.

Using the Confirmation field, you define whether confirmations for an activity

are planned or possible, but not necessary, or whether they should not be

Along with activity elements, /S tets, documents, and material components,

you can assign milestones to activities. (f you want to use particular

milestones several times in project planning, you should create standard

milestones, and use these as templates to copy from. ilestones assigned to

activities or WBS elements are used in the SA/ /roject System for the

following tasks and functions!" (nformation and reporting purposes in the information system and in the

project planning board

" ilestone trend analyses

" ilestone dates in billing plans and milestone billing

" 9efined milestone functions in activities 0only for activity milestones1

8int! (t is possible to use the milestones more than once.



*ou can trigger a milestone function automatically, when you change the

system status or user status in the activity, or manually, if an actual date is

defined in the milestone.

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PS Training D1_L