PRT 2008PRT 2008

Lecture 5Lecture 5

Use of new clone/variety and Use of new clone/variety and chemicalchemical

High yielding clonesHigh yielding clones

• To increase yield we need new breed and quality seedlingsTo increase yield we need new breed and quality seedlings

• These breeds are obtained from research (biotechnology), These breeds are obtained from research (biotechnology),

• Examples: paddy (MR 219, MR 220), rice (MRQ 50, MRQ 74), oil Examples: paddy (MR 219, MR 220), rice (MRQ 50, MRQ 74), oil palm, rubber, maize, fruits and vegetablespalm, rubber, maize, fruits and vegetables

• New varieties are capable of producing high yield, prevent New varieties are capable of producing high yield, prevent diseases and use less fertilizers and pesticidesdiseases and use less fertilizers and pesticides

• Tissue culture technique – does not require seedlings. Can use Tissue culture technique – does not require seedlings. Can use leaf, stem or root as source, e.g. orchid, herb (tongkat Ali, leaf, stem or root as source, e.g. orchid, herb (tongkat Ali, pegaga, etc.pegaga, etc.

• Genetic engineering – produce plant that can withstand disease Genetic engineering – produce plant that can withstand disease attack, e.g. papaya can prevent virus attack (papaya spot attack, e.g. papaya can prevent virus attack (papaya spot virus). Tomato – DNA of cultured tomato mixed with the wild virus). Tomato – DNA of cultured tomato mixed with the wild one. Tapioca (bigger and more sugar) – use of E. coli.one. Tapioca (bigger and more sugar) – use of E. coli.

Use of chemicalsUse of chemicals

• The government advocates quality product and environment-The government advocates quality product and environment-friendly agriculture productionfriendly agriculture production

• GAP – good agricultural practiceGAP – good agricultural practice

• GMP – good manufacturing practiceGMP – good manufacturing practice

• GFM – good farm practiceGFM – good farm practice

• Use chemical according to accepted procedures and practiceUse chemical according to accepted procedures and practice

• Use effective micro-organisms to enhance growthUse effective micro-organisms to enhance growth

• Biological control – ants in cocoa. Trichoderma prevent the Biological control – ants in cocoa. Trichoderma prevent the attack of Fusarium. Owl (burung pungguk) control mice in attack of Fusarium. Owl (burung pungguk) control mice in paddy field.paddy field.

• Sustainable agriculture – use correct amount of fertilizers, Sustainable agriculture – use correct amount of fertilizers, organic matter and natural resourcesorganic matter and natural resources

Precision agriculturePrecision agriculture

Site-specific nutrient Site-specific nutrient managementmanagement

MechanizationMechanization

• Use of modern machinery to reduce production Use of modern machinery to reduce production cost and better product quality, e.g. for land cost and better product quality, e.g. for land preparation, fertilizer application, pesticide, preparation, fertilizer application, pesticide, harvesting harvesting

• HydroponicsHydroponics

• AquacultureAquaculture

• DairyDairy

• Post-harvestPost-harvest

• Equipment to process foodEquipment to process food

Food biotechnologyFood biotechnology

• Improvement of products to satisfy the Improvement of products to satisfy the requirement of consumersrequirement of consumers

• Lipase, an enzyme produced from palm oil Lipase, an enzyme produced from palm oil mill effluent is frequently used in mill effluent is frequently used in biotechnologybiotechnology

• Extraction of antioxidant from plants for Extraction of antioxidant from plants for cosmetic as well as health foodcosmetic as well as health food

• Health drinkHealth drink

ExportExport

• Increase in export to overseas Increase in export to overseas market, e.g. durian, papaya, flowers market, e.g. durian, papaya, flowers ornamental plants. Fruit export in ornamental plants. Fruit export in 2002 was RM 298 m. Flower – RM 2002 was RM 298 m. Flower – RM 100 m. 100 m.

• Our target is for a surplus of RM 904 Our target is for a surplus of RM 904 million by 2010.million by 2010.