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JLlilae,*u^
l,//l",t//l*NW-* JJ.lr W" Sbt
The Taxonomic Study ofPraying Mantids (Mantodea)
of Sindh
By
N^]\ezd/\4. Soo'ynro-
Department ofZoology,University ofSindh,
Jamshoro.2000
ThoTrndcSerSofPngrytld3(Xrrtefiq)
of Slrd,
Ey
Nrbt M. Soerlo
Trdr|l.l.rl b $. U*'te* orgbal h|tdil!dDocbrd II-ItsIl.ccnLr2n
Te fit PdierltyUlltttouen' me'by tlw* eunnplz
d\at lealniAg, it d,Wlaig,eldzanor.
CERTIFICATE
Cqrifcd drt Mr!. lil|bod M. Soffio bs cirid ou th! rcs.drch
\rqt b thir tt.sir €ditLd *It To(o!@ic Stdy of PrlyirS f,tdi&(M,dod..) of Sildh" urd6 Ey lrperaili@ ed gul&oca Ttc wkEFied ir cigi4l ed adtabk tu sut|trilrid tu rw.rd of pb"D. d.gr!c.
(Dr. Moh&nrud Sa.ed Wag&)Prot aor,Dep.rtd.ot ofzoolo$/,Univ.rlig of SiDdh,&rilhoro.
ACKNOWLEDGtrMENT
I acknowledee with deep sense of gnrirude my indebredness to Dr.
Muhammad Sa€ed Wagan who has been ny reacher, guide and menlor. He
is the fountainhead ofleamins fiom which I imbib€d a little. I hotd him ;n
high esleem. I am no lcss rhankful to Dr. K.D. pitafi for his consrant hetp
and €ncoumgement wilhoul which it would have not b€en easy for me loa@omplish this rask. I arn also thar*tuI ro Dr. Reinhard Ehnann (Cemany)
for his h€lp in confimarion of some of rhe sp€cies. I extend my thanks to alt
the seniors and colleagues in the Departm€nt for lheir kind corporation and
moral encoumgement. Th€y have extend€d me hetD whenever I needed ir.
Finally I am thanktul to my fanily espe.ially my husband Mehmood
Soomro lor his ungrudSing hetp forbearance and my son Bilal Soomro forhelpins me in tF;ngand compilins lny ph.D. thesis.
CONTENTS
Tide
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
REVIf,W OT LITERATURE
MATf, RIALS AI{D METIIODS
SIJB.ORDER MANTODEA
KEY TO ITIE FAMILIES OF STJB-ORDERMANTODEA OCCURING IN SINDH
FAI\{ILY EREMIAPHILIDAE
KEY M THE SINDH GENRA OFEREMIAPHILIDAE
GENUS ftaopoDprla cislo-Tos
1he opo npula s ind h ica n.+.
CENUS Ercniaphilia lafdtwe
KEY TO THE SINDH SPEC]ES OFCEI{IS beniaphilia
Ercniaphiria heyalrons W sfov
P.g. No.
I
4
5
l7
18
l9
20
2l
72
24
25
26
E re n iaph i I i a ar ab ica Sauss.
CENUS lt@6eh,?//a Sa*s.
H / n b e 4 ie I a i nd ic a Sarss.
TAMILY EMPUSIDAE
KEY TO TTiE SINDH SUB-FAMILIESOF EMPUSIDAE
GENUS tupda Illger
Et 1ptsa unicornis (L.)
OENUS T/e/raropsir Gglo-Tos
Elepharcpsis nendica F .)
FAMILY MANTIDAE
KEY TO THE SINDH SUB.FAMILIESOF MANTIDAE
KEY TO'TTIE SINDH CENERA OFRIVETINAE
CENUS nt'"r'e Beland-Choppard
KEY TO TIIE SINDH SPECIES OFGENUS,RDelira
R i y e n na 16 c i a I o (Tr:.tli:,.,
R iv e t i na ras heedi n.sp.
GENUS ffiicrorir"spir W€mer
KEY TO THE SINDH SPECIES OFGEI.JUS Mictothapil
Mi c ro I he s p i s dm i tr ier i W emel
Microth es p i s s i nfl' ens i s n.sp.
GENUS,Aet,rlocrroa Wood-Mason
A e ha I oc hr o a afr nio W ood-l\laj€r
GENUS 1ru Sauss.
2a
30
3l
33
34
36
39
40
42
43
44
43
46
(l49
5l
53
58
59
6l
KEY To THE SINDH SPECIES OFGENUS /f/J
lris splendida Uy^to\
KEY TO TTIE SINDH CENERA OFMANTINAE
GENUS Spnodlorarttr Slal
Spho&o nant is t rant c aucas ic a (Br.W,
CENUS le,odela Burmeistcr
KEY TO T1IE SINDH SPECIES OFGEl.lVS Tenoderu
Te noden ate nuata (Stoll\
Tenoturu aidtlolia alidtJolia Stnll
CENUS }/ief odlia Bm€ister
H i e rod. I a c @ da ta (S ^!ss.,
GENUS Mantiir L.
KEY TO THE SINDH SPECIES OFCENUS Ma"tu
Mant is rc ligiM rcligiosa L.
llantis rcligiosa akbari nsub.sp-
GENUS Sta,tlia St lStatilb oce atauvalov
DtscttssloN
REFERENCES
TABLES
62
63
61
69
10
1l74
75
76
7a
EO
8l84
8:t
86
89
9l
94
100
l03
CHECK LIST OF MANTODtrA IO7OT SINDH
PLATf,S
MAPS
t09
t33
IIST OF TABLES
&NO CAPIX)!{ PAGEM).
TAELD I Sborirf lh. dffidio{.f D.rd& b ll}3v..bur dH.! of sbdl.
IAILE tr SLonhC .t d., 6dr f.h! .nl laar.ocr{r{f&.I rGdtt .,
TABLE m thowirg tL !!nh.r.d pd!.|age of 105x!d& |taordd b Strdl b tddn iodft ..d ry.ogrof i..l qlora
s.No.
Plate I
LIST OF PLATES
CAPTION PAGE NO.
Protottn ot., TheopMptla sindhicn a.sp, lmb) Humbedi. a indica .)Ermiaphitio
ll0
ltl
tt2
lr3
4
5
Plat€ 2
Plrt€ 3
Plste 4
Plate 5
Plate 6
Eren'iaphilia atubica Sarss., mate
Hhfiettie t indica S^u3s-,feniale
Enauro nico.nis (Lr, mat
Akpho|opsis nendica lF.)'fem te
Rivetina fasciata (Thun.), tem t
Riw.ina rchedi asp. !) erlarged he3d aDdprcrotum b) edlrg€d rbdonetr showiDg
Copuhtory'pprratus of Rtteritr tasrsedt
t) Micto['espis indhensis ntle holoqpeb, prolnon.'n ol Micto.hespit sindhensis
Copulatory apprr.tus of Mtctalrrsptlrsirdrsrstu male holotyope
Aethalochna alli"it t ood-Mtson, fem!|.
Irk Wlendida U!^ror, ntte
Copufaory apparutrs of ntle lris splenrli.la
Plrte 7 B
Plat€ 8 A
Phte 8 B
ll6
tt7
lt8
Plste 9
Plate lo A
Pllte 10 B
119
120
Phte ll
Phle 12 A
Phte 12 B
Ph& 13
Phte 14
Phle 15
Plrt€ 16
Pht€ l7 A
Phte l7 B
Phte
Plrt€
/tir rddnlrr Uvrrov, fcorle
bis ototuna (L.r, mrte 123
t24
123
126
128
129
130
184
l8B
Tenoden ottenutt (Saolr\' n le
Tenodem ondilolia andtortu (Soll)' fe'nrle
,Iietutuh coodat' (s,,r!{-t, n't
Mntk rcligiosa o*nui n bhotoiyp.
Copulrtory appsrrt||s ofMdr,is rcligiosd akbaim.le holotype
Stutitit ocetl@ U$rfl,m*
Copufitory sppslrtu! of m^le Sr,,lillo ocellatt
l3l
t32
Sphodmr'ra"tis tr.trc,,rcasi@ (Br.wI ntl€
LIST OF MAPS
s.No. CAPTION
MAP I Sho*ing the surveyed dtutricts of Sidh
PAGE NO.
l0
MAP2 Loc ritiBol Ercniaphilia lae|ifrons, E. anbico' 133Hunbedie a indica ,ad Theoponpulo sindhica
MAP 3 ln 3.line.ol Enq/uso ui@'nis.td Btephuopsb r34
MAP 4 Localiriesof Rivennalarcioto'R nthe.di 135MicrothesDis dnibievi. M. si tdhensis aadAethotochona alrnis
MAP5 Locslinf.ol Irir sple ida,Iris rudions tad 136
Iit oratnia
MAP6 Loc \n6 oI Sphodnntntis ha6ctrcasica and r37IIierc.lulo coo ata
MAP? l-l,calitiffof Tenoden atte uatoa!,d 138
T, sridifotia o dilo|ia
MAP8 L.rc tiriB d Mantis religiow rcligiow t[d r39M. r.ligioso akbafi
MAP 9 Locrlitis oI Statilia ocels,a 140
ABSTRACT
PrayinS mantids aE fabulous insects b€cause of rheir morpholosy,
colour and behaviour. BeinS pr€datory in nature they are v€ry imporrant for
the studies conc€ming rhe biotogicat control. The lir@ture shows that no
attempt has b€en made to study mand& of Sindtr since Pakisian bccarn€ an
independent country in 194?.
The mantids were collected fiorn various disaicb of Sindh. The
collections were made fron open groundq grasses, bushes and bark ofthetre€s accordina !o standard enromological collection merhods .nd pr€pared
for laboratory examination.
The collect€d material was loned out into rwenty-one species, ofthese
four b€long !o family Eremiaphilidae, two to Empusidae, and fineen !o
Martidae.
During the pr€senl study tht@ species rl]inety Theoponpta sikdhica,
Rivetina rciheedi, Microthespis sindhensis and one sub-sp€cies Mad!-rcligi^a akbali Ne descnbed new ro science. The rnates of lris sptendida
Uvarov sr,d Statilia ocellora Uvarcv ar€ describ€d for the first iime. The
following species nan:€ly E niaphitia teyilrons Ularcy, Hunbeftie ar'nd,ca Sauss. of the family Eremiaphilidae and Rrrer,a fascbta (Thr\n.),
hb splendida Uvarov, ri' radians tJ\^tov, Irt orutoria (L.\,
Spho&oMntis trunscaucasica BiW, Tenodzta a(enuata (S!oll) and S/arrtd
oce ata Uyarcv of lrc family Man idae are recorded for ti€ first rim€ from
Besides, th€ distriburions of ihe previously recorded species have
been extended to new localities. Aparr from this the copularory appdarus ofsorn€ of the mantids werc srudied and were lound 10 be of hxonomic
imporlace. Further more the Laxonomic keys for the identification of rhe
fmilies, sub-families, genera and species of mantids occurrinS Sindh is
Furth€r nore the biogeography of praying manrids has been studied.
Of the total mantids fauna of Sindh therc a.e more species ty?icat of the
Paleanic Region (33.33%) thd of rhe Oriental Reeion (28.57%). About14.28% ofihe fauna are of African orjgin. Mardr is the only gtobal genus,
whch has species in most continenb it conslitutes abour 4.76%. Sindh has a
r;ch fauna ofendemic sp€cies t9.04%.
Apan from the abov€ informarion, the academrc value
study rhat includes identification and construcrion ofkeys may
addition 0o already existinS r,?€ studies. Anorh€r advanlage
would b€ fo. turure r€searchen who ;ntend ro $udy Biology,
B€hadour of Mantids.
of lhis study
Ecology and
The connercial valu€ (economic value) of the prcs€,t study ofhanlids of Sindh: since rhe rdonomy of manrids is welt documented, thiswill certainly provide a firm basis for studies teading ro a .arher more
promising field - rfie biotogbat corrrol of ins.ct pesrs (the insects which
.feed on agiicultuml crops). present invesrigarions include widely disrribuEdspecies ofmantids which may b€ used as an important bio-control agents.
INTRODUCTION
Pakistan is an asricultural counrry. Due to favorsble climatic
condilions of th€ ountry, lhe insect population mulripties quickly and
causes considerable darnase h agricultural crcps, which are the backbone ofour economy. The pesticides, which arc used to conrol insect pestr, have
helped us to ;ncreas€ our food yield and !o fiehl inf€ctious diseases but on
the other hand d|ey le-ave r€sidues which have ha".rdous efi€ct on many
non-!$g€l animls including human b€ings. Many of rhese chemical
pesticides have long lasdng efTec! lhe rrc€s enr€r lhe food chain ddultirnately end up accumuladng in the celts end rissues of hunan body
causins in€parable damas€ to health.
Mantids are ambush predaroc, feeding mainty on variery of insects.
The laxononic study allhough empirical bur c€rtainly makes the basis fortuture study of mantids as poteolial predatoN-an int€grat pan of biological
The work on the pEying manrids of Sindh is very limited. Therefore
an attempt has been made to study the praying manrids of Sindh and a
sirnplified taxonomic key based on the easily recosnizable characte.s is
prcpared. Besides, the newly d€scnbed species are welt supported by rheir
copulatory appamtus. Further more lhe disrriburions of the previousty
rccorded species have b€en €xrended ro new localhies.
Mantids belons to relatively small suborder Manbdea containjng only
Accordins to Beier (1964, 1968), Vickery and Kevan (1983) dd Ken
Preston-Mafham (t990) suborder Man.odea is divided inro eighr famili€s
namely: Chaereissidae, Meiall)licidae, Manloididae, EremiaDhilidae.
Amorphoscelididae. Hymenopodidae, Enpusidae and Mantidae. Of these
Ereniaphilidae, Empusidae and Mdtidae occur jn Sindh.
Mantids are comnonly of large size, how€ver rhere ar€ onty twospeci€s, which are of t0 mm jn siz€. In app€arance, these insects arc
€xtrenely striling including sone of tlle mosr picturesqu€ and bizlre forrnsof ins€ct life. The fofm and colour is crypric, designed to produce aresemblance to natuml objecrs in rh€ir suroundings, which is exhEmely
ma*ed. Many are sricklike, etongare, cotoured in lone ofbrown and blackas is a dry twig: in these, the atitude assists the dece!,rion, rhe crearure
posing itself on irs posterior tegs and swaying tiShtly tiom sid€ ro side as ifmoved by the breeze. OtheB dnt live in grass ar€ sl€nder and 8re€ncoloured, ei$er 'dry gmss gr€en', geen or green wifi anteinae and cercicoloured like $€ d./ rips of withered gess. Oh€rs are teaf gre.n, tjvinsamonS lhe leaves of rhe bush€s or are the cotou. of bark and arc found ontree trunks. In gene.il rhe cryptic form and colour serves the doubte objectof protecting the insect from foes and alowing it to b€ mvisibt€ ro otleriNects which ir captures when $ey come within reeh. Mantids e€ verypugna.ious, f€ncing wilh their swo.d-like limbs, the targ€r liequenrlydaouring the smaltq and lh€ females the mates. ft€y arc alt predatory,
nostly on other insecrs, alrhough some ofthe larger ones take srnalt refliles,amphibids ed even n€srling of smalt bjrds. lt js an old clinchi rhat rheyshould be called .'p.eying'
nor ..praying" mantids, that larer apptying only to
th€ir pEyerlike posture which dey assume while waiting for their vicrims:
for€legs h€ld folded againsr rhe plorhorax suggesr an aritude of prayer.
hobably no other ins€.t has b€en the subject of so nany and such
wide spr€ad legends and sup€rslitions as the cormon paying melis.Mantis rcligiosa L. The nc;ent Cr€ek endow€d witfi sup€manr.at pow.rs(a divin€t; rhe Turks and Arabs hotd rhat it pmys cons&nrly wilh irs face
tumed towards Mecca, the provencah call it prega_Diou, and rhe SoulhAfrican buslfien revere hantids as manifestation of th€ supr€me dciry, IL:aggen (misnam€d .,Hott€'tof. god). In Sindh, rhey are known ,s ..Bibi joGhoro"- the horse of Bibi Fatima, May cod bc pleased with her. For lheAsmat tribe of New Cuinea, th€ pnying mantis is rhe rolemic emblem ofmen. Why? Nor only because it resenbtes th€ figur€ of a nan, bur atso
because the Asmars, unril recenlly, were cannibais, prEymg on men as tlemantis do€s on insecr!. It is inGresting thar, in th€ orieniat marrial ad ofKung Fu, nanrids' posturing is overtly imitat€d. Unlike nany orher cultures,th€ Chinese corrcctly regard manlids as symbols of slrength, ferocity andcourag€, not of piery, prophecy or pathf,nding.
RIVIEW OF LITERATURE
Th€re @ v€ry f€w references on fte pEyins mrids of Sindh. Yet
none olthese ale entiEly deloted b Sindhprovince.
The tust siSnificant information was Fovided by Wood-Malon
(1889) who desc.ib€d thr€€ new species nal.rlety: Aethatocboa afrni'lethal@hoa spinirys and TatodqoTxis taurus. Mwtay (1880) recorded
rwo species Teko.leru aidifolia lstoll\ and Madt retigiosa L. bomunkno*n locilities Wood-Mason (1891) r€cord€d Hieroduta coa ata(Sarss.), Rlephuopsis nandica (F.) and Enwa sp. from Sukkur and
Ercniophilia arubica (Sauss.) from nonhwest Sindh. cigteTos (t922)studied the praying manaids ofthe wortd and m€nrioned a few locatiries ofSindh. Nothing ftnher was pubtished untit Uvarcv (1931) r€corded
Mtcrorhespis dnitrEvi rlt ef1ler (19'08) ftom Kanchi
Since then no work has been cuied out on rhe prayine manrids ofSindh and to dare no faunal sufley ofmanlids ofpakistsn exisrs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Malerial wai collected ftom the vadous districts of Sindh (Map l).Manlids were found upon bushes, in gnsses, on the bark of tees end ar
night th.y were attract€d towdds ligha. Th€ nurnb€r ofmantids was foud itthe bag wh€n it was us€d to sweep insectr on grass. These iBects could nor
be includ€d with others in the bottle or box while alive. either thev had to be
confined s€pamtely or killed.
The mantids were collet€d wid rlle helD of rraditional insect hand-
net. They were then kill€d by chloroform or by means of porassium cyanide
in standard entomological killing botlles. The sp€cimens could not be Ieft
too long in cyanide least the colour changed particularly thar of green
sp€cimens. To kill the specimens as quick as possible, fr€sh cyanide bonl€s
w€re us€d. Pinning of the specimens was made wilhin few hours. As the
specimens w€E fl€xible there was a tittle dang€r of loosing any pad thmugh
the necessary manipulalion. firther the pans could b€ sr€rched as desircd.
The ins€ct pins were ins€ned through rhe right wing cjse or prothorrx. Th€
sp€cinens w€re th€n slr€tched on the str€rchhg board. Th€ l€ft wings were
set with the long axis of the body nearly at right angle to ttle pin and the
head was direcred slightly dos,nwards. The posterior l€gs were benr ben€ath
the body to minimize the possibility of brcakaSe and to Gcupy rhe leasr
amount ofslorage space. Th€ abdomen w,3 so set that it droop€d b€low the
wings and not obscur€d by the hjnd legs as several raxonomrc cnamcteni arc
found on rhe reminal end and these werc nor io be hidde'. Ti the
sp€cinens were thorcughly dry, rhe body pafs had ro be suppoded wilh€xtra pins so that they drl in the desired position and atso special attention
was paid to the antennae, wings and l€gs in order ro display impo&nt
taxonomic cha.acte6. Dust and other exhan€oN matter was removed wilh
the help of a dry cam€l hairbrush. The tully dried specim€ns were removed
from stretching boards and were stored in insect boxes with labels showing
Iocality, date and collector's name. Naphthal€ne balls wer€ placed ;n boxes
to prevent iN€cl attack. Sp€cimss wer€ thoroughly examincd udqst€reoscopicdissectinSbinoculdmicroscope underdifferent magnificafioG.
For the study of male genitalia the sp€cinens were rclaxed in a
desiccator for 24 hours. The supm-anal plate of th€ specimen was raised
with a ne€dle, cut laterally and the whole phallic complex was tak€n ou1,
The phallic complex was lh€n immersed in l0% potassium hydroxide
solution for 4 10 l0 hours. Furthe. trearm€nr consis&d ofremoving nuscle
tissues dd tEcheae, and w.sbing in water. ARer exanination, geniralia
prepantion wer€ placed in 70% alcohol with a little glycerin contained in a
microvial with a rubb€r slopp€r piMed ro rhe appropnab insecr specimen.
Identification oflhe sp€cinen w{s carded out under rhe srer€os.opic
binoculd microscop€. The diagrans presented here wer€ mainly done I
lhe help of"ocular squee micromerer". All fte measurements are Siven in
m;llimet€r and were made with vemier caliper.
The schene ofmeasurements used in ihis work is as follows:
Lenglh of bodyr measured as ilt€ distance from the aderior end of the head
to the ap€x of th€ subgenilal plares both in mal€ ddf€male.
Lerglh of tegtr|€!: measur€d fi oln the point of attachment to the apex of fie
L.|8al dlmrdr: @udd@gtteE dec.d!.-W f dp|!rdr: ercda t6 hrod.drtt-Llgtofr ftrlrt !C.-i..0h: G.urd d@g th..od.(nrl &cc.!
the haxirnun lrlrgt! n!@ b.!. to .p€x.
7
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF SINDH
Sindh province is lo@ted in th€ southeast region of Pakistan and I'es
between 23"and 2giorth latitudes and between 67ind 7l"ea!t longitudes. lts
area coincides with the physiographic divhions called lower Indus basin.
To lhe we$ of Sindh are Xninhar Mountains and rhe nonhwesr€m
areas adjoining the Kalat divisions are dry dd did, wirl rhe rlace ofPalearctic lopography. The eas&m region coffhts ofthe sand bek $r€tching
ftom boarder of Bahalwalpur (Punjab) io the Runn of Kutch and is a pan ofRajistan desen called Thar. To the wesr of the Thar desert lies the delraic
ares, wirh rich alluvial soil crossed by numerous riv€r cha.nets. Th'ls the
thiEe differcnt geoSraphical areas of Sindh ars mountainous, desen and
irigated plains (Pithawata 1959)
CLIMATE
The climar of Sindh includes mos. of the characrerisdc of aridity,
except rn coastal arcas, wbich have noderate remp€ralwe and tow rainfalt.
The mosl srriking featues of the climare are high summer rempemiure, lowraiDfall and considerable variabiliry in amounl and time ofminfalt. Norma y
rainfall occurs in summ€r sealon bur the amounl and time vary to rhe extent
lhar during sorr€ years th€ rainfall doubles the average while in orhels it
During the summer, lhe days are hot and rhe 'ighb
coot with avemge
diumal ranges 22 F. The tempemture b€gins ro nse in April ud remains
high unlil October, which is r€garded as a summer season. The beginning of
the summer seasn is marked with abrupt chanSe in t€mp€rature ftom
February to March, which is ulually considered as spring senson. The
temperature .emain! fairly coNtlrt during summer, with May and June as
the hottest months. The daily maximum temp€ratE tuging fiom I 05: I I 5"F
is not uncommon. Dusty winds blow in sutuner and droughr conditions
preva;l in dry se6ons.
Dfins the month of july drouSh mid September. the main daily
tempentu.e is about 97'F, higher hurnidity, reduced evapomtion and
consid€rable increase in clouds cove. the coastal areas. Thh season is called
"Monsoon S€ason" which is in essenc€ a modification of the tIue Monsoon
system over sourh Asia.
During Novemb€r t€mpemture falls mpidly md lhus marks dte
beginning of winter season. Thh season prevails fion Nov€mber until
FebnEry wiih remperature ranging from 5dto 65"F. widr January the coolesr
nonth (Rehman Mushtaqur 1975).
4aa
z
RANN OF I(IITCH
Map | . Showins the surv€y€d districts of Sindh.
4o,
A-RABIAN SEA
l0
GENf,RAL STRUCTURE
The following genemlized ac€ount for the nantids is given for rhose
who have limited knowl€dge for this group of insecrs and in order to
facilitate lhe use of keys and desfiiptions.
Size modemte to large, mrely snnll; head mud€d ro conical,
hypognathous with promin€nt, usually globular ey€s which may, however,
be .cutely conicd anreriorly or each may belr a promin€nt, median, thom-or
spin+like process, oute. convexiries of eyes projecring beyond lateral
margins of pronotum, excepr when latrer is foliarly expended; cervicat
region narrow a.d flexible, enabling th€ head to mraie; antemae usualty
whiskerlike (not excelsively long) or bristletike, occAiona y pectinatei
pronotum typically elongare! sorne tines more or less quadmtq occasionally
broadly rhomboid on accounr of the pr€sence of wide lateral €xponsions:
Aont legs raptorial, coxse and f€mora elongale, the latrer usually, bur not
invariably, heavily spined on v€nual (posle o, nargins, tibiae strongty
spined apically ud usually ventrally, folding upwards asainsl rhe femoia
and with larerally articulaling tarsi; mid and hind legs ambulatory,
comparal'vely long od slender; wings tu y dev€loped variousty reduced or
absent, fom and / or degree of developn€nr often differing markedty
between sexes; fore wings, ifpresent, rericutat€ and norma y in the form oflcath€ry tegmina, ftough somerimes, if tully developed, rather mor€
menbmnous, typically wirh anrer;or fi€ld denser rhan rest ofrhe wing and
somewhal b€nl downwards along sides of rhe abdomen when at rest lhough
'nain part of fore wings and the hind wings folded morc or less horizonrally
over dorsuq laner pai. when develop€d broad with a wid€ anat tobe; cerci
l1
fairly long with numercus s€gn€nis, usually rathcr slenitcr dd pointed bul
occasionally flat and foliacous, al least apically; oviposiior shon, more o.
less concealed by !nl{€€d 7s abdominal stemun (sub-gcnitat pl6te); nrles
with aMominal styles w€ll d€veloFd, copulatory structurcs distinctly
alymmetrical and well sclerotized; true stridulatory nechanism not
develoFd alhough a rustling sound msy be produced by vibntion of hind
wings whicb may strik€ igainst raised tegrnina; some spe.ies, when in a
'dulrt€ningl' position lllry rdrs€ thc abdomen and bend it fo ard so lhat the
cerci stikc lhe t€gminal veins and make an idsmitient chirping sound.
l2
li
TERMINIOLOGY
The tenns used in this wolk for th€ classification of mantids e€ as
AnbulstorJ , walking leg .
Ableom ( pl. sDletrme ) , the paired segmented sensory organs pr€senl
B.cilliforD I rod shaped -
Brrcbypterous , short wings .
Bipeclimte , comb-like projections atong borh sides.
Callow . being th;ckened dd usualty hard€n.d.
Csrina , keel or keel-like ridge.
Cercus (pl cerci ), an appendage, usually paired of the lod
aMominsl segment ; usua y segnented and stender.
Conpound eye I an eye made up of many sepamt€ vjsual uniB
( ommitidia ) .
CoD€ , small projection on the vert€x.
CoIs , basal s€gm€nt of the leg.
Cwp , a pointed end or point.
Frcirl clypeN , the facial area of craniun just above the tabrum .
Facial shi.ld , rhe facial area of the craf,ium just above rhe ctDeus.
Fenu. , pan of a leg betw€en trochdt€r and tibia.
Horn , projection on the ven€x.
Met{zoo. , p6rt of pronotlm posterior to taBverse sulcus.
Occiput , the hinder part oflhe head b€tween the verrex and the ne€k.
Ocenos ( pl oc.lli ) , the sinple ey€.
Prorotum , dorsal shi€ld of prothorax.
Pmrolrl dilolior , .xp€nded area fiom th€ sides of pronotum .
Prozona , pad of pronotum anterior to transverse sul€us.
R.ptoli.l lcg , gasping tlpc of Ieg .
Setaceou! , brislle like.
Spim , a stiff shary p.ocess.
Spitrule , small spines .
Sub-g.trirl plate , 76 abdominal stemum.
Suprs rml plste , the last abdoninal tergite covering anus from
Tegmina , fore wing.
Tibh , pan of leg L€tween femur dd tar$s.
Truncat€ , having end squar€ or blunt .
Tub€rcl., sinall out groMh or lump.
Tunid, swollen or dist€nded .
It
Vener , the top of lhe cran;um b€tween and beh;nd the compound
SU&ORDER MANTODEA
Disro-:ft.r. at! .hole wiA | rcLdyEbr bg., mbile !..d! wittr
Folrri!€nt cyc. &d uually dllt. oc.lli Fonofre much long€r
t|{n \ri& (c,rc.pa in som. €xolic ftiDr), nor c@ling dr.hc.d $oE; fiod Lgr l{8. |od r.Forisl nid |trd hi.d Lg!!L.dd; E*r uarlly ftlly lri!9.4 hdc oe.o b.lcqrE.tq|ror wir|gka!; abdo@lo 6Lm ragoadfied ,!d baarr a p.ir ofcargi !€€r ils tiD.
l7
2.
L
I(EY TO TEE FAMILTES OF SUB.ORDERMAIITODEA OCCURING IN SINDH
Size usually small ; pronorum more o. less
quadrat€ (Pl. 2) ................. f,r€mispbilidrc
Siz€ uually nedium to large ; pronoturn usually
elongated........................... 2
Intemal margin of forc f€mora with rhr€€ or
fow small reeth bctw.en the large, on€s;
vcrlex wiih protubmnc€ ; mienrle bip€.timre
inrnale(Pl.4) ................... Empusidce
Intemal margin of forE Gmora wirh attcrnately
piaced t€e$, ode large and onc slnal; verrex
without prorubrance ; anrenna never bipcc_
tnate ............................. Mrnridac
l8
TAMILY ERENIIAPBIIIDAD
DLgua.lltid( s.4 hldlrpteu|., rhs.t ud icdi rtlGr !p.cr6;F$car. mrl 6 lc.r qurd q fu! tibi.r rrugly ,pimc;bid rod hfud Lgr lag, 3lodd; td..l sogndt{id Jt 5: 5 or
l9
KEY TO TIIE SINDH GEI\TERA OFEREMIAPHILIDAE
2.
L Size very small (10.15 mm); Fonotum almost
rcunded (Pl. r, fis. a) .. . . . . . . ....... Theopon?ula
Size mdiun ( 13.G30.0 nm ) ; pronotun
sub-$adrate........................2
Wings shon and broad ; pronotun broaderrhan
long with smooth prozona (Pl,l, fig, c)
... Ercniatthilio
Wings eloryate j pronotum longer lhrn broad with
Cadnifonn ndges on prozona (Pl.l, fi8. b)
20
C'cilw?Irgpory,lLGtbTor
Dirg&-lSiz. y.ry @[ b legq h€.d teyr* .Dd koaA occlli
didinct hn rdh.. .ddl nodd|bly el6ve4 mdd aonclhE
tdv€.!a; clili F@iocol hioad d ovda; elcdD&
sh..on{ Fudlm h,odlf &l qudtr, fo! ffigi! bm.dly
ecude l|tdE 4 hiod n rgi! koadly rounde4 t aiE .dwiog! wrU dcv.lop.4 rurpqiqg 6e .po( of tbe rbdo6;c.Fblic c@ Eod.rtdy rcbun
2l
Theopo mp ula s indh ica n.sp.Pl. l, fig. a Map 2
Descdption ofmale holot}le: Si"! snall; head broad; eyes prominent,
outer margin of the eyes project b€yond pronotum; pronotum as wide as
long, lateral margins curved downwads; wings exced well beyond the
abdomen; fore coxa broad and elongate4 armed with six median spines,
coxa of mid and hind lirnb thick and broad; fore femora with twelve intemal
spines and six €xtemal spinules where as fore tibia with nin€ int€mal spines
and ten extemal spinul€si cerci short; styli flat, uns€gmented.
Colouration: Bmran; Iegs rnottied; ldg€ dark brown longiludinal band on the
intemal face of fore femorai first three larsal segments dark brown; abdomen
Diagnosisr It is relai€d
ta p rc b e n oru n W ood-Masot\ and
these by b€ing very small€r in
ro Theoponpula ocziafir (Sauss.), rT. assinulata Wond-Mason but diffcr from
siz. Possibly .he smallest speci$ in thc
HolorypeMal€10.1502.1009.8002.t702.240r.40
dark bro\h: wings light brown.
Measurements (mm)
Len$h of MyLenglh ofpronotumLength oftegmina
Length of forc femurLength offore tibia
22
Md.iiil rxetin64 f,bwS.hdl l3-IV-199 (M.S, Xt go) I mla
Btynololy: Tbis lrry lp€ct r ir n oed rn . th. Sid& Fovincc ofP.tis.rl
Rrp6iioqr: It tlTe E t itl ir dQoftd in lf,. @!€{D, Dpt ofZoolo$r, UDnrunfty of Sbdh,
Gerus Eremiap h ilb Lefebv re
Di.gloir:Size small; rob'i!t; h.!d brold not broadcr that pronotum; eyes
round; facial cb?€u! conve4 ocellar area s.arcely concave;
vcnex smooth wiih lateral and int€rm€dist€ furrows; pronotum
mor€ or l$s qugtlret€, for€ margin convex in tlle middle,
bisinuate latemlly, lat.ral margin convex, hind ma€in conver"
upPer surface smoolh u,ilh a lr6nsvcrs€ oval gibbositi€s at for€
nsrgin and posteriorly; tcgmina distinctly coria€o|ls, lorEer
th.n broa4 widcly rcunded antcriorly and at the ap€x; wings
b.osder lh.t long with hind margin acu0e, rounded apically; legs
long and sl€nder; fenale sub-genital plate provided with a pair
ofspines.
24
KEY TO SNDE SPECIES OT'GENUSErc.fulillit
l. Bl*k {otcrb ledlr !id. of tb. cgdlr. virit L
ftmrbor€..................,..,. r.rrth{r lrys,ov
- BI.ak rpot on ti. ul(h si& ofthc t gninr noi
viitble fron.bovc ............ dtlo. S.ur&
u
Distribution: Pakistanand Muscat.
Female: size sndl; robust; brachyprerou$ ey€s round; h€ad as broad
as pronotum; facial €l}?eus smoorh, dislincdy convex; ocellar ar€a slightly
concave, transverse funow fe€bly developed delimit this eea fiom venex;
vertex snooth with distinct lat€ral nmows; pronotum as broad anteriorly as
it is long, distinctly nanowed posterio.ly, upper surface smooth with a
tmnsvers€ oval gibbosity al th€ fore margin and two smaller gibbosities
posteriorly; tegrnina coriscmus wilh raised wings, longer than broad, widely
rounded antcrio.ly and .t lhe ap€x, hind margin almost straiSht; wings
broader than long, ap€x rowd; for€ femora and tibia amed with fou spines
outwa.rdly; sub-genital plate wilh two spines.
Coloumtion: clay yellow; head and ventral surface whilish the und€r sid€ oftegmina with a sub-apical oblique b-dnsverse blu€-black band not reaching
the apex and wilh a not sharply defn€n dark board€r, bolh the band and dark
boarder w€ll visible on the upper sid€ of tegmina as well; wings
unicolourous brcwnish widt lighi boaider; legs whitish ben€ath and clay-
gray with scarcely perceptible transvers€ bands on th€ upp€r side.
E rc mioph ilia lsetilrons UvarovMap 2
Ercniaphilia l@ifrow Uyarov, 1922. J. Bom. Nat. Hisi. Soc.28r719-720.
Male: simild lo fcmal€ except snall€r in siz€.
?76
26
-/1 ) /; / 1bs?-
M.alttrceenb (nn)
L€agh ofbodyL,.ngib ofpond|DL.ogth oftlgeinrL.bgb ofbl! ftdrrL,.ogrh of tur rilia
[email protected](5.513.5gt.0tx.0
Mdot'.505,011,0ft.503.5
Mei.l qeiD& DrdL !.Dddo +VItr-1992 N-rr. S0610) Iftorlq ssr de ht &VI-199{, I mala
E rcmip hilia qrqbic o S^nss,Pt.2 Map 2
Ereniphilia arubka Sauss.: acco'ding toGigto-Tos, t922. Orth. Mur.: j4
Disribution: Arabia. wesr Sindh and Afghanistan.
Fcmale: size smalt; head as bmd as pronorum: faciat ctypeusdislin€tly convex witho( trace of upper carina, smooth, spanely itrrprEsscpunctale; ocellar area slightly concave; tmnsverse furrow delimiring this area
from vertex feebly developed; verex smooth, with lar€ml turrows distincl,but shallo% while int€m€diale tunows arc scarcety developed; pronotuin ashoad artedorly as it is long; dhtinctly narmw€d posreriorly; for€ marginconvex iD the middle, bisinuale laterally; Iatenl inargins disrincrly convex;hind margin convex; upper surface smooth with a rransvese ovat gibbosityat th€ fore rnaryin and two smaller gibbosities posteriorlyj reghina distinctlycoriaceuos, with rais€d veins, iong€r then broad, widely rounded anteriorlyand at tbe ap€x, with hhd margin almosr srraight, stightly excavale beyondth€ middle; wings broader than tong, rounded apicalty; fore fenora and tibiawith forc and six spines on lll€ outer side respecrively; sutsgenirat plate wiih
Colouration: bro{,n; h@d and underside *hirish; le8rnna beneath wirh asub-apical oblique rEnsvers€ blue-black band, not r€aching the fore margiathe band well visible on the upper side of t€grnina; hind wings unicotourisbrownish, with dlrker apicat boarder.
Male: similar to femat€.
28
M.osurm.fr (nD)
L.oelt ofbodyL.og6 ofFoooumIr.gd of teglb&Langt!offc. coxaLoSbofft..er ,rL.r|g|h oftibis
Ilc.iid aoEi!!*
Faorl€(F4)
ld.€[ Regcnfi $,o- 25s05.50 05.0- 06.00925 (D.0- 10.004.75 (X.0 - 05.00525 04.0- 06.003.75 03,0 - 04.0
M.lt(FD
19.005.008505.005.0
Dilti€i5:
Ihda J.ln$o.o, +X1992 (NM, Soo@o} I @lq I f€o.l€.
liffrFdd.q I 1.ry-193 (lr.S. V.gm), I ftorle,UEtot,27-VItr-196 (l[Il 8@r] I fto.le.Thd,3GVItr.l996 MIf Soodro), I ftinab,
D
GellrEtntudz/IaSplrlp,.
Dl{ldbrSize Do&raq i€d trmsvlire, ho4 @|! i.t oor$ cFs
routr4 F6imC Fmoom t(ed with wcl.F@ourcd
lurft.. rculp
Humbe iella indica S^trss.PLi Map2
Hunberne a ikdica Sa\$s.: Giglo-Tos, 1927, Mantidac ofth€ world | 621.
- -.
wem€r, 1933. Proc. Zoot. [email protected]: 897.
- -
Relm, l949.Trans. Amer. Ent. So€.,74 : 188.
Distributionr Pakisran, Ind;a ad Sri Lank.
Femaler size moderat€; brachlpterouq head broad; antenna selaceous;
eyes round, outer convexities ofthe eyes proj€cting beyond lateral rnargin ofpronotuni pronotum broad, surfac€ sculptue well pronounc€d with carini-
form ridges on the prozona and snterior part ofnetazon. two tuberctes at
lhe poste.ior nargin of pronotum; la@Ill expansion of pronontrn more or
les quadratei mid and hind leg robust; fore femora have median line of
tubercl€s on the extemal facei coastal area of for€ wings cross€d by parallel
Colouration: b.ow4 facial shield black; black elonSated longitudinal band
on the e{emal face of fore femoc and transverse prc-apical blackish band
on th€ vartral side; regmina wirh black patch near the proximal re8ion of the
an.l margin; hind wing with pale brown bas€ and apex.
Measurements (mm)
L€ngth ofbodyLength ofpronoturnLenglh oftegminaLength ofhind wing
Length of forc tibia
30.006.013.0I 1.0
05.006.0
ll
Material exmined: Mirpurkhas, 24-X- t 996 (M.H. Soomro), I femate.
J2
FAMILY EMPUSIDAE
Dtrg.-rlr.dirb to hgr, |'ar d 16.! 6ho8.6., o6.a biza|e ft.nr;l,llt x with Fs$.iecq aEDe of nlL biF.{i!d6; irD.rvEotr l spis of ft.a tibie dt€d!.ly [email protected] to 6ur$o$ nmirg leg. oe.o wi6 l6f-lite hb.. d Oc ftutr .
KEY TO IEP SBIDS SI'B.X'AMILIDSOF EIIFUSIDAE
l. Vr.!n plodc.d ido o log hm ; F@tun
lcg !d ffDw; d@ bipcdDe in mlc
(n.4) ....'., ......'. .. . ........8rr-..- v.dax Fodbd iito s ahod oooa; Fod@t&
lhdt .!d t'rd; antdl- trelr. bbcc'rfb
(Pl. 5) ..........-......,....,.,.....D|?broftr
v
G€trIr err.ac ng.r
DiDodr:Siz! DdEa.ly l&ga; sLod..; .t!s mdd hn mr d alFmiolot b..d c..ic.l ystq prc&c.d iro r !m8 hd;nr,.n "r li!..ti!-. in Ddq Fotun ,r..y ,ro,,rh odd€od.r, srya co'€l oeoio rbply cdlttrcb4 a liDgbfolieur hba at tte {Ex of .d of thG rnid @d iird &@0(|;t gninr .od sirys {,rrl d.i/.lA.d; .bddnd t!.g. dod&dEgly eto.cngLd.
l5
Empusa unicomis (L.\Pl.4 Map 3
Enp8a unicomir (L.). \tlcnd-Malon, 1878. TEns. Ent. Sc. part 4: 259-
270.
- -.
Tinkhan, 1937. Ling. Sci. Jour. Vol. 16, No. 4 | 5?0.
Dislributionr Pakisran, India and China.
Male: size modemt ; eyes round; anrenna€ bip€ctinat€; head crnicallyrostrate; vertex produced inlo an ocutar hor4 regularly lapering disrally bulrvilh two €ncircling and spac€d linear coistrictions one placed
approxinately halfthe distance from rh€ €yes ro rhe apex of the proc€ss and
oth€r at the distal end, the later being longiludina y quiet d€eply and
nanowly cleft v€nFally which resutrs in pair€d shaQ poinrs; faciat shieldwith a medio-longirudinat carina which reaches proximad to rh€ oceli; facialclypeus with medio-tonSitudinal keet; pronotM very etongate and slender,
of the characl€ristic €mpusoid type, the grearest breadth afoss th€ supra
coxal dilariory lateral margin of neraz]]na srraighr; pronotum wedenticulat€i eierior and posteno. rnorgnls broadly round€d; &grnina and
whgs exceed well beyond lhe aMomen; abdoinen of usuat empusoid
pahem, mo$ of de t€rSites being srrongty disto-lalerad, the saine ofstemiEs but les, decidedty d€veloped and have venicat medio-longitudinal
sublamellare keel, ultimar€ r€rA;res with the dislolateral productions very
much smaller and less produced then thos€ ofnore proximal tergites; cerci
lona, Lapering at the apex.
l6
Colouration: light green; head and venaal side ofFonotum ochraceous-buff;
legs with gr€en aod pale yellow altemare bandsi venaal side of fo.e copoEnS€ anterio.ly and black posteriorlyi regmina and wings cled hyaline to
sub hyaline, excepl dle marginal fi€ld oft€grnina opaque green, th€ rip oflhewings slighdy bufiy.
Female: similar to fie male except olennae s€taceous; terminal paired
constructions of ocular hom more prominent than rhat of malei spines on
pronolum rarge.
Colo'rElion: sam€ as male exceF tlle tegs without altemate band! ofg€en
Me{surcments (mn)
Female Male(n=26) (n=10)
M€_an Rang€ M€_an RangeLength ofbody 55.25 50.0-61.0 52.0 40.0-64.0L€ngth ofocularhom 06.37 05.0-07.5 04.66 04.0-06.0Length ofpronorum 23.50 21.0-29.0 23.33 t7.O-2t.0Length oftegnina 32.50 3t.O-3j.0 32.00 24.0-34.0Length offorc coxa 13.50 12.0-14.0 13.00 09.0-16.0Length offore femur 13.50 12.0-14.0 13.00 09.0_16.0Lengh offore tibia 06.75 06.0-07.0 06.33 04.0-07.0
Malerial examined:
Districts:
Mirpukhas, 3-VIII-1992 (N.M. Soomlo), I mdq 2 femates; same dala, but
28-VII-2000, I f€male.
Knairpuf, 25-VI-1994 (M.S. Wagan),2 f€nales.
Karachi, Clifron, 28-VIl- 1995 (N.M. Soomro), I female; Defense,
17
26-VI-2000 (A. Soomro), 2 femates.
Thara, K€njhar, 22-VIl- 199s (A. Somro), I male, I fenate.
Badin, l5-X-1995 (M.H. Soomm), t female.
Dadu, Jmshoro, | 3-XIl-1996 (N.M. Soomro), I male; 6IX-2t00 (Uaa), I
Umarkoi, 29lV-196 (M.H. Soomo), 2 nales.
Nusharofercz, Moro, 3-lll-1997 (M.H. Soomro), I male, I female.
Lark6na, I l-II-1997 (N.M. Soomro),3 females; l5J[-199? (8. Soolnlo), I
female.
Sanghar, l7-VII-1997 (N.M. Soomro) I femate; 20-V -1997 (M.H.
Soomo), I female.
Nawabshah, I l-XI-1997 (M.S. Wasan) r feinat€, I mate; s3rn€ dar4 but
2-VI-2000, I femalc.
Tfiar. Chachro. l-v-1998 (M.H. Soomm). I femate.
Cholki, l7-V-1998 (M.H. Soonro), I mal€,2 femates.
Sukkur, I ev- | 998 (N.M. Soomm), I femate.
Shakarpur, 2l -VI- 1998 (N. Meinon), I female.
Jacobabad, 27JII-20[10 (Naushaba), I femate.
Hyd€rabad, Site arer, l6-x-1998 (Fahe€n), I femalei viltag€ Oderlat,
Mitiary, 201-2000 (N.A. Shah), I mst€.
l8
Gorlr rtqloqrdr Glgb-Tor
DLgr.b:Siz. L(g.; .y.6 rcuad h! td Fooj.ld; vdt x Fodrccd inio
a reaU cqa; firi.l ahl{d AlFairlrl Foo.nle lho(! lat !3ldilrtid ofpa@oth nor! o Iors .ndoi4 bgnin! &d wings
v,rll d6vd@ .nEodil8 well beyord lh. tip ofdF abdo.o;body c.vl..d silh h.ir.
3'
Blepharcpsis mendica (F ;)Pl. 5 Map 3
Btepharcps is nendica (F .): Uvtov, t922. J. Bom. Nar. Hist. So.. 28 : 725.
Ver. Valerl. Naturk. Wunemperg.
Haft. Stuftganr 75.
-
: Beier, I 956. Jh.
III Jahrang. E6t.
Distribution: widely disrributed, it exiendj from the Canariesthrouehout Nonh Ailica, Syria, Arabi4 pakisran and rndia.
Fenale: size la€e; eyes round; venex with a sroul conical rooth (j.5mm wjde at rhe base and 4.0 mm high), a longirudinal deep cleft on theventral suface; faciat clpeus trapezoidal with mideo_tsleral keel; facialshield with median point ofirs dorsal nar8in produced and curving dolso_
cephalad, in cephalic asp€4 ir i! rougNy trigonal, with ils v€ntrat breadthsub equal b its median depth, rhe ventral margin rransverse runcat€, ilsdorsal one acute-angulate to fte apex of the median produclion; pronotmshon wifi laGral expansion wirh more fringed up 10 halfofrhe merazona,pronotum well denticulate; teginina and wings well devetoped; medianfemora with four spines on the lobe, rwo large spines at 1ne apex and a rowofspinules on the ventral ridge; head, pronotum and legs covered with hair.ColoDmtion: head and pronoom yelow; abdomen da* brown; distal sides
of supm-coxal dilation of pronotum dark green; regmina ha! a membranouspattem of mesh pale green, except for the costal area which has alt€rnare
light and dsrk bands of yellow; wings hyaline ex@pt fo. a small apicalportion, which ha! a pale sr€en mesh pauem; veins moslty dark geen ed
40
M.u|rlrnldb (d[)
L.mgb ofbodyLagh of Fo.dtDl,ang& ofl[oldaLaghofDohrL,aSthoft gDb.Logt! offt|G oor.L.lrgth offt|! ftMLcmgA offtrc tibie
6,O18.006.012.0,f5.015.0t0,0(l)-0
M.r!trid .[@io.rl ILh, Jm|hoq +Xt994 (N, M@dr), Ifu.16,
1l
FAMILY MANTIDAE
DirgDo6i!:
Small to l&ge forms of variable facies; venex wirhout
protubeEnc€; anlcnna. ncver bipectinate; pronorurn distincrly
long€r than wid€; anterior tibiae with a double row of ventral
spines, thos€ ofouier row more or lcss .r€cr and sepamred froneach oth€r (occasionally redlced) nor $rongly inclined and very
close togcth€r; anterior f€non ventratly witi spines of inner
row mor€ or l€ss altemat€ly long and shon, that is, interval
betw€en longer spin€s with only one, not 3-4 short spines;
ncver with bicoloured mdking on tcsnina-
42
KEY TO IEE SINDf, 8I'B TAMILIDSOF MANTIDAE
l. S'As.!.Ipl& s6sly 6log.e
...IEvrairao
Supcr ,td Ca. !hs! ............ 2
E)'6 Fotircd rbov. ido sD.[
hotn litc knobr, Fmoo!! ddrLr
6l6gic4cfti bng,.,......... V.&..l.Id ebor,! o6bhdiE of d|ard..s
... 3
siDer uqdly highy color.d @d
lvitb& eyE {|ot ......,........,.-lllr.|tLre
MDgr urroly h/aliDc a drL
naal &i@.............,......... Mrrfrae
3.
13
XEYTO TEE SINDE GENERAOF RIVEIINAE
l. Sir. lI8q Ftilotm Lt rrlt dadfouh.
...Hrfu- Sir. rDr& Fcc'tn wioorl d.dilio
... fti.'ofr4b
KEY IO ITE SINI'H SPECIES OFGD,NUS fvy.tht
l. Size (65.0en), wing with r diainci
€yc lpot d &e d.fl ..d of ti. coial
nargia(P1.6)........................./bdd ( Ttur!.)
- Sizc (7}.0nI!); *iD8 si6out an qlr
sFi (P|.7) ......,.,.,..........,... rrrt rd h.ry.
15
Geua6 fi 1rcrbc n€hrd4hopprtd
D||g!6to:Sizc lrgr; hr.d t o.4 q!3 ru{4 pimio.oq Fqdtn&.ticul&; lrsaosl pld. *uely d-g!.; !$fr.i!.lpl&Fsvild wirt r Fir of qirrs (F€r.d itr G 3o( @ly).
:16
Nvetina fasciata (Thtn.)PL6 Map 4
Rivetina f^ciata ThtrntErg, I 815 (according to Kaltenbach l9?6).
Rivetina baeticaRmbtt,1838. Fauna Ent. Andat.2: l9-20.
Riwtino tasciata (Thun.)t Ra]rllme, 1951. Mini. Zool. Mug Be.tin,27:325.
Ri.r'etinafasciata(Th\n.):Kambag, 1958. Ankda Univ. Fen. Fa.k. yay.
8l: 10.
Rivetina baetba (Ra'lilb|jf): K.altenbach, 1976. Orrh. Eurp. Vol. ItI, The
Hug€.: 160.
Rivetinaf6ciatu (mum.\ Den'iloy, t 9?7. Ezlrum, Ataturk Un. yay. No.
499 :47.
Rivetina f^ciata (TlLun.): Ciplak & Deniroy, 1997. J. Onh. Res. 6 : t08.
Disldbution: Circum-M€direnanean, ext€nding duough Nonh Africa,South Euop€, West Asia and pakisran.
Fenale: size laeei brachyptemuq €y€s round; facial shietd twice a!broad as high, upp€r ma4in arched; faciat ciypeus trapezoidat, nedio_transversry convex, two sligh! d€pr€$ions on the tower side; p|onotm welldenticulate, anterior ftaqin nanowty .ounded where as losrenor margm
broadly rounded; regmina and wings we| developed, tegmina nalmw, wingsbroadly rounded; fore leSs well armed; sub-genihl plste p.ovided wirh a pai.of spines; supra anal plale elongat€.
Colouation: body mohed; yellowish while wiih dark bro\an spots; spines onpronolum dark brownj intemai spin€s of for€ coxa whit€ while thrt on the
exremal face dark bro\rn; spines of forc Gmora end tibia with dark brown
tips; t€gnina beneath wirh three transverse
lhe upper sid€ and a dark brown patch at
hind wirgs dark brown with a larg€ €y€
coslal margin,
dark brown bands well visible on
the basal region of anal margin;
spot donS tne dbtal end of lhe
65.02t.025.013.017.008.0
M€asuem€nrs (mm)
rf,ngth ofbodyL-€ngtl ofpronorurnLength oftegninaLengih offore coxaLengtft of for€ ferurt€ngdr of forc tibia
Malerial exrminedl
Districts:
Sukhr, 5-III-1996 (N.M. Soonro), I female.
Gho*i, 20-vln-197 (M.S. wasan), I female.
Jac.babad, I7-vII-1999(M.H. Soomo), I fcmale.
48
Rivetina nsheedi n.sp.Pl.7A&B Map4
Diagnosis: r€lated lo rRl'er',a/arckra (Thun.) €xcepr rhat ir is large.
in size; wings withour eye spors and rhe copulatory appdaru! is differenr.
D€scription of male fiotoryper siz4 large; antennae loog, stender; head
broad, v€nex firh a distinct trenchanl edge; eyes pmmin€nl, round€di
prozona of pronotum denticulated Isrerally, nerlzona indistinctty so, wilhparallel margins; wings not rcaching rhe apex of rhe aMomen; anrerior coxa
shorter than pronotum wirh seven spines along the front nargin and six toseven short spinul€s behind; anterior libia with seven spines exlenally and
twelve spin€s inr€ndly; supm anat plare rap€zoidal in shape wilh welldefin€d keel in the middle and tria.gularly incised bchind; sub_genirat plateprovided with a pair ofspines; cerci shoner than supE anar p€Ie.
ColouEtion: brcwn; dl the larse spines offionr femom dark bro*n apicalty;pro$emum wirh rwo r.ansveEe btuds, rhe hind one with two ocular spors;
costal maryin of Egmina ye owish whire, anat membran€ btackish witiwhitjsh veins ard pale base; hind wings dark brc*n wirh a tight brown parch
before lhe apex offie costalmarg;n.
Measuren€nts (mm)
Length ofbodyLength ofpronotum
L€ngrh ofregmina
L€ng$ offore femur
HolotypeMale73.O
| 9.004.544.0t4.o15.0
49
l,tuqirl .r€DitrGd D.dq JalDltdo, l7-IX-lB4 N"fr. Sooo.o), I
Btymlory: thn D.'w +.ciqr It ddcd ilr fu tdorrr of ploftr.r Dr.Rr$ccd A, Sh.h, Vico Cbllor, Ubiv.lity of Sbd, ft. bi! gr€{co@ihtlioa to {r€ prcoodon of Scicdifc R€lledr .t Ulivrsity ofsi!,ft,Jafirhorc.
R.poditofy: tle t]tc Ededal ir dapositod i! &. &,lr€{rE, D€p.rtn stofzooloor, Untv.oity of sidh.
50
KEY TO IEE SINDE SPECIES OFGENUS rl&ot*epnr
l. Pro6ue wilh Ua.t tsiti* bod itrtldofit! ldddlo !d s l.196.loDgdod bls.k lpd h
fiw of hrd ugh...,.......,djLtJ WdDar
- Pronofin wlth b..rt shrpod Urd( Sot
... rt dasrt trrp.
5l
G€rr' Mrcrutrqpir Worner
lrtg!allSiz! sDdl, shd.r; n6d .bo|t hrlf .s brod .! Oe Fdn iniE nitfut poitho; ey!! nod.ddy Fdinld; ncial rhi.ldltqcaidru Fa.dn w ttou dlotiii@; ruFe-ed pbto
storuly cld|gsb4 lub.gcoihl plde u!.rD.d; ftr|.tebt&h)"taour.
n
M ic ro I h espis d mi ft ieei W er\erMap 4
Micrcthespis dnitioi Wemer, tm8. Sr. Pere6burg Ann. Mus. Zoot. ll :
108-128.
-:
Uvarov, 1922. J. Bom. Nat. Hisr. Soc. 28 | 723.
-
i Uvarov, l93l. Ann. & Mag. Nal. Hisr. Ser. 10,
Vol.8:428-419.
Distdbulion: Pakislan and Aftica.
Maler slnall, slender; anr€n@ long, slender; ey€s round, prominent;
head boad; facial shield trap€zoidal, rwice as b.o.d a! hieh, sudace nat,
upp€r maryin arched; prcnotun with nerazona twice.he lenglh of prozona,
proznm nanowed forwdd, poslerior two third of merazona more or tess
parall€l sided; ant€rior naryin oflhe pronotum parabolic; tegmina and wings
tully developd reachinS the apex ofth€ aMomen; supr"-mat plate elongare,
tonSu€ shap€d with lh€ sides concave; cerci long€r rhrn rhe ptale.
Colouration: buffgrayi prolt€mum wirh black ransverse band in fronr of irsmiddle and a lalge black spoi in front oflhe hind nargin; costat hargin oflegmina unicolourous; anal menbmnc blackish except al th€ base.
Femaler it g€nerally agrees with rh€ male cxcept it is bmchlpterous
and its sub-geniul plate is unamed.
5l
fr.8lrn.tnd (nb)
L€ogft ofbodyLlrSlt of pr@(,]|lnL[glh oficlnhaLcoge of fuE co:oL€nge offrrc ftaurLcnge offoE libir
lr.L30.008.0m.005.005.004.0
Fs.l€28.508,008.004.004.003.s
lri&risl €xrnio€d. KsE hi, ls-D(-lg1 N.fr. Sooom), I nalq!.mc drt , ht ?-X[-199, I ftoah.
s
Microth espis s indhensis t.sp.Pl.8A&B MaD4.
Diagnosis: related to Microttuspi.s dnibieyi Werl|Let ar:d M. eeahsi
Uvarov except that the prosremum ha! hean shape bla€k spot wher€ as in Mdmitrieyi Weme( ttg pro*emum is with black trsnsveFe band in ftont of irs
niddle and a large €longated black spot in Ronr ofrhe hind margin white in
il rvarri Uvarov prcslernum is without black patteh.
Descriprion of mal€ holoryper small and slender; antennae long,
slender; head broad; eyes round and prominenr; facial shield trapezoidal,
twice as broad as high, wirh upper margin strongty arched; surface flat;
pronotum wrrh merazona t$ce lhe length of prczona, prczona nanowed
forwa.d with ap€x panbolic, the expansion h half as \ride again as rhe
mrrowest part of me6zona, which is parallel sid€d in its poslerior twethirds; anterior coxa short€. d|ar pronotum with rwo short spinules along the
fronl margin; anterior tibia with nine spines q&malty and ren spines
inlemally; supm anal plate clongate, longue shap€d with the sides concave;
cerci somewhat long€r than plaie.
Colouration: brown; all the larg€ spin€s offronr femom and ribia dark brown
apically; prosrenum w;$ heart shaped black spor; costal margin of legmina
unacolourousi anal membrane btackish with pate narsin; hind wing dark
brown with an eye spor at the apex.
Description of femal€ allott?€: it generally asrees
except ;t is brachypt€rousi anlerior coxa with rhree $onwith the male
55
tibia widr €iehl spines extemally as well as inleft|ally; suEg€niial plale
Colouradon: bro',n; hind wins dark b.o*r wilh laree blackish eyespot and
Paratype: aSre€s wirh holoilpe and alloryp€.
M€asurem€nrs (nft)
a (trd) t (!=r)
26.0
7.0
15.0
5.05,0
25,5
8,0
1,0
c06.04,0
25,0.211 263
6.G7.0 6.5
15.0-l&0 16.2
5.M.0 5540-5.0 4.74.0!45 4,1
26,0
E,0
8.0
6.06.04,0
Ma&rial examined:
Disticls:
Dadu, JeDshoro, 30-XI- 1992 (M.H. Soomro), 2 mate, I fenalei sarne dat4but I5-VIII-1994, I male; Jamshoro, l9-txl95 (N.M. Soomro), I
male, I female.
Hyderabad, 20lll- 1996 (M.S. wagan),2 males;same dat4 bu2j-Vnr-1998, I mal€.
Etymologyr .his new sp€cies is named after the Sindh province ofPakislar.
56
Repository: the type narerial is deposited in rhe museum, D€panmeni
of Z@loe)/, Unive6iry ofSindh.
57
G en|trs Aethalochrca Wood-Masotr
Dilgno€is:
Body Sreatly elongated, bacilliform; head of mod€mr€ sre nor
wider than th€ lateral dihnon of pronotunj eyes high€r rhan
broa4 stongly prominulous tumid and ffmished ar lhe upp.r
and outer angle, or at fie junciion of the upper ald the laienlparu of $eir contour, with a conical non-frceted s?ine or ar
least with a minute round flat smooth tuterclc; pFnoEun
gready elongate; tegnina and wings wh€n closed hardty
extending b€yond rhe apcx of rhc finh abdominal seghent;
cerci broadly foliaceous, sparulat€, round€d oi truncate-rounded
58
A eth o loch rco alrtnk Wood-MasonPL9 Mrp4.
Aethalochr@ afwtu \tt ood-Mason, I 889. J. Asiai. So.. Bensal 58 : 3 13.
Distribution: Pakisran.
Malei body grea.ly elongared, baciltifom, head naEow, not wid€| that
the dilation offte pronotum; occiput concave; ey€s with a sharp rcgularly
conical non-faceted comeal spine; pronotum gready narrow and elongated,
m€tazona steeply roof-shaped, labml margin finety denticulate, urerior and
posterior margins widely rounded; fore femora irirh upper margin concave,
crisra& at the apex; out€r edge anred with five spjnes of which rhe firstthree are longer and the last two shoner, on the inner €dge with 12_14
altemately shoftr and longer, of which the lasr two ale small and on the
disk; fore dbia witl four spines outsid€ and seven spine! inside; pos&rior
legs cre$€d with spines on rhe cresq @8mina and wings tully devetoped, bulshort ext€nding up to rhe fifth abdominat s€gmeDti cerci long, tubular,
laperiig at the apex.
Colourationr light gr€en; regmina and wings hyatine, cosral nurgin white.
Measur€meds (lhm )
Length of body
Lengrh oflegmina
Lenglh of fore femurLeneth offore dbia
87.032.506.026.531.5t4.017.0
03.0
59
Marerial examined: Hyderabad, Heenbad 20-Vt-1997 (N.M.
Genus lris S{uss.
Di.groab:
Size moderare; robust; h€ad traruv€rs€; eyes oval, promin€nr;
pronotum miher thick; wings well develop€d; female
6l
KEY TO TIIE SINI'E SPtsCIESOF GENUS IrtJ
l. Eyr lpot Fls€d ar wiog'....2
- Elc leot qD.rdly ib€.d(Pl. l0A)
...$ltr&t Uvarcv
2. Eyc apol o@pl€t ly fill! tha wtol6 dilc
of wiDgs(Pl" lD ....,...,.,..- r!&r UvIw
xf|!g, with Lrg. blr.L ov.l 4d d tu
aF(eL 12A).................. o,srr& ( L.)
a,
Ifis oratoria (L.)Pl.l2 A& B Map 5.
Maktis oritoriE Lir'] eus. | 758. Sysl. Nat. Ed. I0. I : 426 (according to
Karabag 1958).
Uvarov, 1922. J. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc.,28 | 723.
Rainme, 1951. Mitt. Zool. Mus Be.lin,27 :328.
Kambag, 1958. ArlarE Univ. Fcn Fak. Yay. 8l: 9.
Kaltenbach. |976. Oni. Eurp. vol. ll|, The HuSe| I55.
Demirsoy, 1977. Erzurum, Ataturk Un. Yay. No. 499 :
37-38.
: Salman, 1978. Erarum, Ataturk Un. Yay. No.490: I16.
: Ciplak & Demirsoy, | 997. J. Orth. R€s- 6 : | 08.
Disldbution: Pakistan ed Medilermnean region.
Mal€: size node.ate, slender; anrennae thin, sclaceous; head
transvers€, Mce as broad as pronoral dilation; €yes conical; facial shield
lwic€ as broad as high wilh four sinall tubcrcles in the middte and on€ in
each com€r ofrhe sNeldj fscial clFeus twic€ a! broad a! high with stighl
depression in the middle; occiput distjnctly convex; pronotun more or less
parallel sid€d, metazona more than rwic€ as long as prozona, forc nargin
pambolic ,nd hind margin widely munded; tegmim exlending bur a linte
beyond thc apex ofthe abdomen! about tlrec times as long a! they ar€ in rhe
broadest pan wide; wings shoner th€n t€grnina, hind narSin almosl straight;
foE coxa with eidl spjnules on fte exrenal surface and 8-9 on the jnremal
6l
surfacq c€rc; lon8, rounded and rarher thick; supra-anal plate poinred at
apex; sub-genital plate with hind margin rarher broad, slightly conv€x.
Colouration: lisht green; prcnotum wilh brownish o.ange band at the sid€s;
wings wilh bluish black spots ar rhe base; spines of fore femom bla€k and
that offorc tibia with blackrips.
Fenale: sarne as male except bmch)?lerous; pronotum denriculate;
supra anal plat€ nanowly rounded.
Colouration: in colouradon it generally agiees with male excepl l€gmtua
with brcwn band at the upper margi4 costal dd enal area of wings brownj
fi$t five abdominal segmenb blackish.
Measuremenrs (mm)Male F€inale
( n=4) ( n_-l)Mean Range
Length ofbody 36.97 36.50-37.0 37.OLength ofprorotum 10.87 10.50- ll.0 )1.0L€Dgth oftegrniDa 21.05 27.00 -27.0 07.0Lenglh of fore coxa 07 .a7 07.50 - 08.0 07.0Length offor€ femur 07.87 07.50 - 08.0 08.0
MaErial examinedl
Disrdcrs:
Dadu, Jarnshom, 3-lV- 1992 (M.H. Soomo), 2 males.
Hydenbad, cymkhan4 8-IV-1994 (N.M, Soomrc), 2 males.
MirpukrEs, 5-XI-l99s (N.M. soonro), I f€male.
Iris splendida UysrovPl.l0A&B Map 5.
lris splend"la Uvan\, 1922. J. Bom. Nar. Hisr. Soc. 28 : 721-724.
Male: size nodelatej h€3d b.oade. than tne hkml dilation of the
pronotum; eyes oval; cl)?€us almost twice as broad as hieh, sliShtly concave
wilh pmlifention in the niddle; facial shield trap€zridal, twice as broad as
high, upper margin slronSly arched, flat wilh two small rubercles in its
middle; vertex with two lateml funows nanow bur very dhtinct; pronotum
more or less parallel, m€tazona twice as long as prozons, fore inargin scmi
circ'rlar wherc as th€ hind maryin widely rounded, pmnotal maryin wilhour
denticulation; l€gmina ex@nds to the end of the abdolne4 exr,emal carina ofanterior coxa armed with eight spircs, upper surface slightly convex,
intend surface wilh a single row of 8-9 callous drb€rcl€s on the ouler sidei
fore femora and tibiae with and armor typical for the genusi supra-anal plate
narrowly rcunded; cerci shorl, thick and pointed at the apex.
Colouration: greenish-yellow; spines of fore fenora and tibia€ brownish,
darker !o*"rd tle tips; fore tibiae orangish red beneath, fore meia-tarsi black
on inside except the apices; wings pinkish at the base and alremale bands ofblack and sulfiu yellow extended fron the bas€ of the wings lo rh€ distal
ftarain.
DisFiburion: PakiiaD and Afshanistan.
65
Iuerluralraots (nn)
l,agth of bodyL,crgtl ofliodnlrrgth oft gmilsLangth of fora co€Lcoglh of fut tour
Itdldal flnin d:
Mr!.( n=a)
M.o Rqc43.@ 43.0-{4.513.16 13.G13.530.50 30.G31.010,t6 lo,Gt0510.50 10.5-1r.0
Dittsical
IhdD, Jddq 3-V-199 (I\, {. So@oI I dL: r.De dd, btr 26X-1995,2 Dd.a
Hyd€.rb6d, Irtiftbs4 IGX-1994 (N"lL Soomio), I D.le.
Iris tsdians AvarovPl.l I Map 5.
lris rudians Uyarov: Bei$, 1956. Jh. Ver. Vaterl. Nanuft. Wuh€nberg IIIJahmg. Erst. Haft. Stuttgan: 7 | -72.
Dstibution: Pakistan ,nd lrarl
Fenale: size medium; brachypterous; head rlansvelsc, broad€r than
pronotal dilatioq cyes round; facial cl'"eus trap€zoidati with lonSirudinal
median fmowi fronEl shi€ld trapezoidal wirh rwo sma tubercles;
pronotun mther thick; prozona with round€d ap€x; metazona more than
twrce as porzona, more or less parallel side4 slighrly d€nticulat€, broadly
rounded posteriorly; hind wings wirh pambotic apex; supm-anal platc
round€4 c€rci shon, thick and pojnted.
Colouration: light green; hind wings wirh large btackish btue spot atmost
coverang the €nrire wing.
Measuemenrs (ftn)Fehat€(n=l)
Mein RanSeLength ofbody 36.66 35.0-40.0Length ofpronorun 10.83 10.0-12.0Length oftegmina 16.00 13.5-18.0t €ngth of fore coxa 07.66 07.0-08.0Lengrh offor€ femur 07.66 07.0-08.0Length offorc tibia 05.33 05.0-06.0
67
Marerial exanined:
Disticts:
Larkan4 lslv-l994 (M.H. Soomro), I f€mate.
Ghotki, 7-III-199 (M.S. lvagan), 1 female.
Jalobaba4 25-X-1999 (M.S. Wagan), I fcmal€.
68
KEY TO THE SINDH GENERAOF MANTINAE
l. honotum sfticircularly rounded
(Pl. l3) .......-............._.....SphodmDu"et
Pronotum norc or less para el sided
(Pl. l4) ...........................2
2. Pronotrm al,out th€ s€mc size as forc f€Nnon
Pronoturn considerably longer lhan forc
femoB .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ... .. . . ... .... T.nod.n
L Spots on for€ coxa and forc femur
.., 4
ForE c.xa and for€ fedur {/ithout
spors.............,................ Ei.todula
4. A largc spor on tle inl€mat face of fore
cora . .. .. .. .. .. . . _, . .... .. .... . -... lvont*
Black spots on the intcmd face of both
fore coxa snd for€ femom , rhe posterior
one on dtc for€ fenon with omnge
ce er,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,...,,,.,.,.... SrrnTit
69
Gerlr
DLgldl*Siz. Edium to hS6; body bm€d ed helvy; .t s gbbul.e;
aDlamua satec€orB; lifint m ho{d ad hlavy, abotrt tha aaiD6
l€ogth aB fqr f.6o.; co)ol e|trlsgdr.dt tonrdly osod€d ddpl.6.d w.[ fol{ [d o thr Fffilo; id.r6l &c. of 6rc co)(a
lDd fq! lilia iDEauliq wi09 JlFsrbg llE +.x ofabd@!|r; oolor v&iar to glrn to brow!.
m
Sphodromantis tronscoucasica (Br,W 1Pl.13 Map 6.
Hielodula truBcauc^ica Br.w:Bei.., 1953. Vidensk. Medd_ Fra Dansk.
naturh. Foren., bd. 115 | l7l .
B€i€r, 1956. Jh. Ver. Vared. Naturk. Wunemb€rg.
III Jahrane. Elsr Haft. Stungrn:72.Sphodtunnntis trMcaue^ica (Br.W)r Bder, 1962. Nar. Hist. Mus.
wien. I I12.
Distriburion: Pakislan, AfShanisbn, China and tndia.
Mal€: size mod€rate ro large; fairty robusq head broad; eyes gtobulaa
facial shi€ld neady as b.oad as high with two longitudinaj ma€ini upper
margin stronSly arched; facial cllpeus trap€zoidat with the medio
longitudinsl ridg€, slightly convex; pronotum srnall, almdt aboul the same
length offore femora, coxal e argem€nr ofthe pronolum roundly cxpanded
and placed well forward on dl€ pronotum, lar€mt margin of prozona
d€nticulate, met 2ona twic€ 3s long a! prozon4 fore marSin of ponotun
nanowly rounded where as hind maryin btu.tly rounded, pronottlrn wilhlaGral expansioni tegmina and wings tully developed suQassing the ap€x ofth€ abdomen; apices of tegmina narowty round€d; fore legs stoutj lowerkeel of fore coxa with dr€e tdaneular kel-like cusps with ihr€e to four or
five sftall tub€rcl€s in th€ middle; fore femora wilh four extemat and fiieenintemal spines and fore tibia with eleven exlemat and fifteen sDines: cerci
long, &pering at the apex.
'tl
Colouration: green; pronorum unicolourous with whire outlinei cost l
margin oftegnina white, a whit€ triangulff spot wirh thin black ourline n.ar
lhe apex of lh€ tegnina; extenal spines of rhe fore feno|a and ribia wilh
black tips whereas int€mal spin€s dek brcM wirh btack rips.
Female: similar to male.
Measurenenrs ('nm)Mal€ F€male
(n=la) (n=23)Mean RanSe Me3n Range
L€ngft ofbody 49.25 45.0-55.0 52.4 47.0-62.0Lengh ofpmnotum t6.00 15.0-t7.0 17.8 t6.0-20.0Length oftegmina 36.00 33.0-37.0 40.3 35.0-48.0Length offorc coxa I1.25 t0.0-12.0 12.2 lt.0-t4.0LenSlh offore femur 13.75 13.Gt4.0 16.2 15.0-18.0Length offor€ tibia 07.00 6.0- 8.0 07.8 07.0-{)9.0
Ma&rial exmined :
Dstricrs :
Kamchi , Gulsh$ Iqbal , 7-IV-1993 ( N.M. Soomro ) 2 mates ; same dar! ,but 2?lV-1993, I mal€ .
Dadu , Sehwan , I6-VII- 1993 ( M.H. Soomro ) I fcmale ; Janshoro ,
Il-[I-2000 ( N. Gill ) I male;Jamshoro 2 V-2000(Uana),Inale; Janshoro, I9-VII-2000 ( B. Soomlo ) I nate.
Hyderabad , Latifabad , 2-V- 1994 ( N.M. Soomro ) I mal€ ; sam€ dsta , but
27-V-l995,2fenilates.
Badin, 7-III-1996( M.H. Soomro ), I male.
Umerkot, 25lV-1996 ( M.H. Soomro) , I inate .
Khairpu, 26lV-1997 (N.M. Soorrc ),2 femates
Thatta, Kenjhar Lake , l7-VIII-199? ( A. Soomro ) , I fenale .
72
Iartma, 1r-E-198, ( N"Ir,l So@ro ), I fto.lc, I mL; @ rb, h!23-Itr199,3 tu le.;21-V-f9!D ( An|. So@ro ),2 ftDah!.
1l|.r, Mi6i, 3-V-198( B. somrc), I tu lc.Sul&n , l4-V-1998 ( N. thaitt ) 4 faruLt .Nulherozalz,I'loro,3-Itr-l9t (MIf So@o), I fGN!.L.
Sbil(lcFn, ZM-198 ( N.l'icdo ), I fiDde.Gbdd, t?-Un-198 ( B. Soonio),2n lc; !.D€ rtrla, hr llvn-1990!
I d.h, I fto.l€ .
Sogt€r , l-Itr-1990 ( Mtl So6ro ) I ftodc .
Jacob€b.d, l3-IlLZno (N. sbdlh ), 1 db.Mipurlh.s,2&VII-2000 ( NM Soodo ),2&o.h3.
GeutE Tenoderu B\rmeiEaer
Di.grosis:
Size mlhcr to very large; elongate, bui r.th€r robulrly built;
facisl ficld about twie rs brcld as high; promturll moderarely
long but quite stout in the commonest sp€cie!, only feebly
broadened ai the transverse sulcus; lateml pronoral nargins offemales fm€ly serrat€; t€gmina and hind widgs fully d€velop€d,
tiF sub-€cute; forE legs slout, lower haryin of coxa srongly
tooth€d; niddlc and hind femora earh with an apical spinc;
Green colouation of 0egmina sharply limited ro snterior area;
for€ coxa without black-ringed spot).
74
KEY TO TEE SINDE SPECIES OFGENUS Taiotba
l. Prrtrbd@lylogdrrroe(Pl. 14)
...e- (sbl)
- Pr6d|n hag. ed robus (PL It... ri{DL dltred, (S!oll)
75
Tenoderu stten ustq (Stoll)Pl.l4 Map 7.
Tenodera atten@ta (Stoll). Tinkham, 1 937. Ling. Sci. Jour. Vol. 16,No. 4 : 558.
DislributioD: Pakistan, India and China.
Msle: size very long, slenderi eyes round; he{d twice as broad as
pronotm; facial cl)?eus trapez.idali facid shield twice as broad as high
with anlerior margin arched; Fonotum exrrem€ly long and narrow;
bicarinate with well defined carinae granulose in font of transverse sulcus
and stongly carinate behind; fore legs stout, laleml margin ofcoxa with row
of altemate small and large tub€rcles; mid-dd hind-femoE each with two
apical spines; t€gtnina and winSs fully developed but abbreviated ddshoner ihan the abdomen; tegmina nanow; c€rci long, slout; styli short.
Colouration: brorh; hind wings much pal€r.
Femaler similar to male.
M€asurenenrs (mm)
Lengh ofbody
Lenglh ofregminaLenglh of fofe coxatEngth of fore femurLength of fore tibia
Male79.O,78.530.5, 29.004.0, 04.052.0, 51.014.0, 14.0r8.0, 18.008.0, 08.0
78.O30.004.054.016.0
19.008.0
76
Material examined:
Distdcts:
Dadu, Jamshom, 23lV-1995 (M.H Sooturc), I f€malq S€hwan, Lalbagh,
5lx-2000 (8. Bushio), I rnale
Hyderabad, Qasimabad, l5-VlI-1997 (N. Menon), t male.
77
Tenoderu oi.lifolis atidifolia (Stoll)Pl.ls Map 7.
Mantis oiditolia Sroll. lall. Specrres, Mantes, etc.: 65-Sedill€, I 839.
Ins. Orth: I 78.
,wuet:rre., 1838. Handb. Ent.II: 535
Saussurc, I 869. Mitiheil. schweiz. Ent. Ges€lls. III| 69
I Saussurc. 1871. Mem. Soc. Phys. HisL NaL ceneve,
XXI 27.
: Rehn, 1903. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phjladelphia: 705
Tehod"ru atidilolia : AiA]F-Tos, lqll. Bull. Soc. Enr.ltal. Xl,lll rJ7.
-r
Giglo-Tos, I914. R€€ord In. Mus. Vol. VIII: 416.
Tenoderu atidilotil edifolia: TinktErn, 1937. Lins. Sci. Jour. Vol. 16, No.
4.557.
Distribution: Pakistan, India and China.
Female: laqe, robust; h€ad broad; ey€s roun4 antennae selac€ous;
facial shield strongly arch€d wiih two loDgitudinal nargiis; facial ctyp€us
trap€zoidal with median longitudinal marein, slighrly conv€x in rh€ middle;
pronotum $out, almost pamllel in th€ middle, lateral margins finely senare,
pronotu strongly €arinatc behhd rransverse sulcus, f€ebly bicarinate in
ftont with few (2-l) carinae Sr.nulose; fore coxa wirh nurhemus tubercles on
intemal and extemal lndgiq tegnina snd wi'gs tully developed, regmina
Colouration: brown; extemal spines on fore femom and tibia wit! black tips
wherea intemal large ones black and smaller on€s with black tips.
7a
Measur€ments (mm)
Lcneth ofbody
(n=10)
Lengthofpronoturn 27.0Length oftegmina 54.3Length of for€ coxa 16.0Length offor. femur 2r.0Lenglh offorc tibia 09.0
78.6R ng€
70.0.84.026.0-27.045.0-56.015.0-16.020.o-22.O08.0- 9.0
Material ex8minedl
Districts
Hyde.abs4 3-VII-192 ( M. H. Soono ), I ftmalc; san€ dat4 bur
21VJ993, I female .
Nawabshah. 2-lV-1993 { M. S. Wagan ).2 females .
Dadu, Janshom, 3l-VI-1994 ( N. Memon ), I femrle; sane d.ra, but
23lV-1995, I fenale .
Nusharoferoa I 5-V- I 995 ( M. S. Wagan ). I female .
Mirpu*has, ls-ull-1997 ( M. S. wasan ), 1 female .
SanShar, l9-VI-1998 ( N. M. Soomro ), I femde .
KaBchi, 7-VIll-1999 ( N. M. Soomro ), I fem.l€ .
n
Gcuu Eicrudrdl Eurucfutcr
Ix.grd:Sir. ood.r& to L(!q had hcA .J6 prdinrat 6,0@l
shi.ld lr h q witbout spioifda t$.(cL; prmdi'tl nor. cs
I.ss Ddsllcl sid, d.rtio de; sin8. €{Eidi4 sdl bq.rdtbc !bd@!o-
t0
Hierodula coa ala (Sanss.\PI.16 Map6.
P a rc h i e / o du l a c o aft ata S Nss,nrc la69.
Hiercdula coa atasaua3lnq 1871. in Mt. Schweiz. Ent. Ces., V.I :6?.
- -
Saussur€, 1883. Mem. Soc. c€neva, V. 21 : 85.
- -
Bon€, 1889. in Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgirque V.27r 81.
- -
W€st Wood, | 897. Revis. Mantid : 14.
- -.
Bolivar, 1904. in Anr. Soc. Ent. France V.60:310.
- -
Knby, 1912. Cat. Orth. Brir. Mus. V.t r24.
Paruhiercdula coa.tata: Gieto-'tos, t97 | . n Bul. Soc. Enr. Ita. V. 43 j I 24.
o-Tos, 1927. Orth. Maridae | 459.
Distributionr Pakistan, India and China.
Female: size modemre; head broad; eyes roundj fronrat shield flat,
upper margin arched; facial clypeus lrapezoidal; pmnorum more or less
parallel sided, lareral dilation d€nriculale excepr for one third parr ofmerazona postenorly, anrerjor nargin nanowty rounded, posterior narginwidely round€d, pmnotum about rh€ sam€ tength as fore femo.a; ca osiri€s
on the posterior half of fore coxa; reSmina dd wings wel d€v€loped,
surpassing well b€yond rhe ap€x ofabdoinen.
Coloumtion: gre€n or bm*n form; verrex with oragnish transvetse band;
callositi€s of foE coxa white; for€ f€mord spines on the inlernal side €ntire
black and black tipped alremarely ananged.
8l
Measurements (nln)Felnale(n=34)
Mean RangeL€nglh ofbody 56.50 55.0-58.0Length ofFonotum 17.50 17.0-18.0Length oftegmina 41.00 4O.U42.5Lenglh offore coxa 13.00 l2.O-14.0Length offore tibia 17.25 16.5-18.0
Mat€rial examined I
Dstricts:
Nawabshah, 3-I[- 1989 ( M.S. Wagan ), 3 females; sam€ data but
l-VII-I992,2 f€males.
Dadu, Jamshom, 2lV-1992 ( N.M. Soomm ), 2 fenales; sam€ data but
16-v-1999, I f€malq Jamshoro, l0-VI-2000 (A.M. Soo o),I
Mirpurklns, I-VII-1992 ( N.M. Soornm ) 2 fenaler.
Keachi, Clifton,2-V-1994 ( B. Soomo ), I femal€; same da|!, but
27-V-1995,1female.
Hyderabad, Heeraba4 I llll-195 ( A. Soonm ), I female; t atifab3d,
ll-xl-1999(N. Shaikh )2 f€male$ same datqbut l9"xI-1999, I
Umerkol, 29-IV-1996 ( M.H. Soomro ), I fenale.
Badin, 7-IV- 1996 (M.S. Wagan ), I female.
filAna, I7-VIII-1996 ( N.M. Soomm ), I female.
Sukkur, l6-X-1997 ( M.S. Wagan ), I female.
Khaipur, 25-VI- 1997 ( M.S. Wagan ),2 fenales;same dau, bl4
20-VI-1999,2 f€males.
Thar, Chachro, 3-V- 1998 ( M.H. Sooinro ), I fenalF
a2
CborLi l5-V-198 ( M.Ir S@o ), r tub,Lart(rn.' 22.IV-r998 ( B. Somlo ),2 f@dcs.
thifrei., 2GVI-1998 ( N. IrL.no ), 1 tulaNudramtuoa 30-X-198 ( MIl So@m ), 2 ftd.Lr,Sugbr, l-E-1999 ( fr.II. So@ro ), 2 tu lc&
Jrcob.br4 l3-N-2(m ( N, Gill ), I ftodc.
t3
Gents Manis L.
Diagrodi!:
Size mediun Iarg€; head broad; 6,onral area above cb?€us(faciel shield) not nore than twicc as broad as high; r%mina
and wings ftlly dev€lopd in borh sexes; hind wings if d.rklypigm€nt€4 not strongly so and confined to base; tegmina mther
broad with antedor margin convex and apex rounded; niddl€and hind femon without apicsl spines; Gre€n, or sometimes
brown, colounrion of tegmina nor sh$ply linir€d @ anenor;fore coxa€ each with a largc black-ringed spot near bas.).
u
KEY TO THE SINDE SPECIT-S OFGENUSrfftrdg
l. A larse bklk cpoi on the iht6rnrl ftc. of
ft[! coxr......,,................,.r'4|L! rdldfi, L.
- A lEg. wiit +ot d th, idcrrl fi.. of
fo|! coxa.........................n qsht' dito, ub.rp.
t5
Mantis religiosu religiosa L.Map 8.
Mntis reliAiosa Lilm.us, t758. Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, I : 426 ( according to
KambaS 1958 ): Ramme, l95l. Min. Zoot. Mus. Bertin, 2? : 329.
: Kdabag, 1958. Ank'ra Univ. Fen Fak. yay.8l : 9.
I Kalienbach, I 976. Die Orth. Eurp. Vot. rII , W. Jur&The Huge. : 152.
: Demirsoy, 1977. Erzurum, Aratu* Un. yay. No. 490:
I t7.
: Ciptak& Demjrsoy, 1997. J. Orrh. Res.6:
Disrribution: wortdwide.
Maler medium to large, slend€r; facial shield some what less thsnlwice as broad as high; pronolum rather long an nanow, broadest wel beforemiddle, finely senated latenlty anrerior 10 lh€ dorsat transvelse sulcusi tu ywinged; legrnina extended to or surpassing apex of aMomen; sub-g€nitalplate small.
Colourarion: body and t€gs usuafly green or gre€nish ye ow (some
sp€.rmens entirely patc brosn); in g€€n form l€gmina pale grE€n, sometimes hyaline wirl narow border; wings rmnsparent or pate gr€en; innerface ofcoxa wilh large btack spot.
86
Female: same as nale excepr more elongate; pronolal margins finety
dd densely s€Fat€d far nore than half the length; sub-genital plale larger
Measurements (rm)
Male Femte(n=14) (n=23)
Mean Rang€ Mean R ngeLen$h ofbody 44.60 43.046.0 49.00 4s.0-j0.0Lensth ofpronorum 13.50 13.0-14.0 15.16 14.5-t6.0Length oftegnina 31.00 30.0-32.0 33.83 33.0a4.sLength offor€ coxa t0.00 10.0-10.0 10.50 10.5-11.0lrngtfi offor€ femw t0.66 10.5-ll.O 12.33 ll.0-13.0
Material examincd:
Distdctsl
Dadu, Jamshorc, I8-III-1992 (M.S. Wagan), I mdq 2 females; Sehwan
Lalbash, 2-V-2000 (B. Bwhio), I mate.
Hyd€nbad, Qasimabad, l3-tv-1994 (N. Memon), I femate; Latifabad
27-VII-1995 (N.M. Soomro), I female; same dal! bur 6_VI-1996, Ifeinale.
Katachi. culshan lqbal 7-V-t995 (N.M. Soomro), I femate; D€fens€,
23-V-1996 (A. Soomro), I femat€; Clifton, 22-V_2000
(8. Soorhro), I female.
Nawabshah, 24-V- 1995 (M.S. Wagan), r mate, I ftmalq su€ data, bul
2-M999,2 femates.
Khai.pur, 26-lV-1996 (N.M. Soomro), 3 felllales.
Thatr, l7-VI[-1996 (A.M. Soonro), I femate.
Larkana, l+II-1997 (A.M. Soomro), 2 males.
Thar,5-V-1997 (M.H. Soomro), I female.
87
Badin, 27-Xl-1997 (M.H. Soomm), I f€ftale.
Gholli. 7-xll- 1997 {N. Shaikh), 2 males, 2 females.
Nushamf€rlz, 21-l[-1998 (M.H. Soomro), 2 nal€s.
Jacob€bad, 27-Vl- 1998 (M.H. Soonro), I nalc; same dala, but 2-vlft-1998
Sanghd, GVI-1998 (M.S. Waaan), I mate; sane d.t& but 29-VrI-1999 2
fernales.
Shikarp'n, 2-)flI-1998 (M.S, Wagan), I fcmale.
Umerkot, 6-IV-1999 (N. M€mon), 1 fcmale.
Mirpurkhas, 28-VI- 1999 (A.M. Soomro), I mate;28-\,I-lB9 (M.H.
Soomro), 1 male, I f€male.
SuH(ur, 5-1'I-1999 (M.H Soornro), I mat€, I femal.; lS-V-2000 (tvt S.
Wsgantlnste,tfetule.
8E
Mantis rcligioso akboli tr,sub.sp.Pl.l7 A& B Map 8.
Diagnosis: this sF.i€s is closely relat€d to M reli?,bra L. but diffe.
by having white spot instead of black on imer face of fore coxa.
Descripiion of mal€ holotype: medium large; facial shi€ld somewhal
l€ss than twice as broad as higb pmnotun mther lonS and nano*, broad€sr
well b€fo.e middle, finely s€rared laremlly anterior !o th€ dorsal transvers€
sulcus; tully wing€d, tegnina exlending to aFx of aMomen; sub-genilal
platesmall.
Colouration: soft green; fore coxs wirh large white spot at the base and small
white ocella. spots scattered on the inner side; femora wirh white spor in rhe
middle; p.ostemum with four while spots nea. lh. posterior margin.
Allolype female: generally agees with nale hotot}?e.
PMrype: agrees wirh $e holorype and altoDc in ever) rcspect.
Measur€nent (mm)
Holoryp€ Allotlpe pamb?€rnale feDale male f€nate
LenFh ofbody 43.0 49.0 46.0 48.0Lenglh ofpronolum 13.0 15.0 t4.0 l4.sLength oflegnina 30.0 34.0 32.0 33.0Lensth offore coxa t0.0 10.0 10.0 10.5Lenglh offore tibia 10.5 13.0 ll.0 ll.0
89
!d.t ri.l .x.&i!.dDiltict!:Drdr, J|mlbdq 5-Vn-1989 (M,S. W.ge), I ndq Jddo, l7-VJ99
(NJt So@o), I &@slq r@ddq 2&VItr-Zno N. OilD I osleIl}d€trba4 r dfirlrr, 9x-l99a (M.II So@oI I tu ta
EgdolofDr: lhir Dery $b-rpecie ir m.d b tb. hdot! of pto&r.o.
Dr. S.S. Al6c.
Rtpcilorla the typ. nidid i! dcpdi!6rt b tha nu!m, D€pa@ofZodogr.
90
Genur Slcdlir Stel
DLglo*:Siz. ncriird; b€d brc.4 c)Es gbhrla, Fjcd[g welb.ydd ee lel augid of lruoo4; Fudlo mr€ q l.€s
pdalol dd.4 rbd! tt! .@6 hqth as ftr. ftDo.q oot.l
obagmt lai FEioG t{..t eot o ti. ie|Nrl ftc. o,f
bo(h fu! cqs d fur G@d€.
9t
Stalilia ocellata UyarcvPl.l8 A & B Map 9.
Stotilia ocelldh U\arc!.1922. J. 8om. Hist. Soc., 28; ?2t.
-
B€ier, 1953 Bidenst. Medd. Dansk. Nannh. Foren.
l15:170
Dislribution: Pakistan.
Male: siz moderate; head broad; eyes globular, ouier convexiti€s of
the eyes projecting well beyond the lateral margin of th€ pronotum; frontal
shield twice as broad a! high, upper msrSin strongly a.ched, surface nat;
facial clyp€us with lransverse ridge in the middle and two slight depressions
on lhe low€r side; ocellar area slightly convex, lmosvers€ firrow delimiting
this area from venex; pronotal dilation naEower, more or less panllel sided
with spircs on lateral margin, fore margin semi,circulai and hind margin
widely rounded, th€ length of pronotum is almost the same as fore fanora;
fore coxa amed with ssv€n spines; tegniha as lonS as sbdonent cerci long.
Colourationr brown; p.ostemum with black Fansverce band on anterior side
ad two whitish ocellar spots encircl€d by black on the poslerior sid€; fore
coxa wilh blek spors on idemal face; fore femora with two black spots,
post€rior on€ with otuge center.
Female: it geneElly agr€es with male excepl tegmina exceed *ellb€yond lhe apex ofabdomen. Spines on prozona are more prominent.
92
Mca$rtdldt (rtrn)
L@gth ofbodyL.oSth ofFudrDLagb oft gbiirLangttr offolr co'(6L.oglh offfi! ftourLcog6 of fuc tthr
Itlcrid dhi.dl
Fdda4&0,52.015.5,l8t)35.0,1(I014,0, I3.0t4-5 ,16,0{x.0,05.0
Mdc,l8.017.032.O14.0la.5043
Di*lct!:Drdr, J@ihm, $vln-1989 (fr.S. V.gE) I nErb Jedm, 3-X-199A
(MJf So@D) I Dt .
Hyda!b.4 S.ds, lcm-1997 (N. St.it!} r ftd€la
9:l
DISCUSSION
As there is no univ€rcally acc€prei systcm of classificarion ofMantodea (Roy 198?). In this work the schenc of classitication followed isthat ofBeier(1964,1968). A tor.al of2l species were @lleded, ofthese four
belong to family Ereniaphilida€, rwo 10 Empusidae (one each in Enpus;nae
and Blepharodinae) and fifteen ro MaJridae (one of sub-family Rivetinae,
on€ ofvarinae, three ofPhoroininae and sev€n ofMantinae).
Th€ family Eremiaphilidae is reprcsDred by four sp€cies, namely
Ercniaphilia arubi@, beniaphilia laditon , Hmbetie a indica ndTheoponpula sihdhica n.sp. Wood-Mason (lSS9) reported the species of Eaabica ftom nonhwest part of Sindh, bur Ciglo-Tos (1927) was of the
opinion ftat this sp€cies does nor oc.ur in Sindh. The pres€nr findingconfimed that E. arabica occurs in Sindh. t /"er,y'oa, is rccorded for th€
firsl time ftom Sindh and genera y agrees wirh the d€sciption giv€n byUvarov (1922) excepl rhar lhe btack spot on lhe under side of legnina is
Hunbeftie a indica is atso recorded fton Sindh for rh€ first rime. hgenerally agrees wirh the d€scnpdon by Saussure except it is smalter in size
and the fore coxa is wilhour rraruverse pr€-apical btackish coltar.
Theoponpula sindhica is described as new sp€cies. Ir is probably th€
smallest known speci€s in tle world. trs size approaches to rtg si2g of Botbe
Plamae4 (C.f Crasshopper and Manrids of rhe Wortd by Ken pr€ston-
Malham, 1990). Irs small size atone wmanrs a! a new sp@ics in the genus
94
Theoponpula. Tl\e ^ddltion
of neoponpula sihdhica nakes a roral of fourspe.ieshrhe gerus Theoponp a.
Of the wo speci€s of famity Enpusidae a fanly hrge dumber
sryir,].ens of Enpue unicozir wer€ studid. In one female specimen
spines on the lat€ml margin ofpronotum we.e much prominent but ir willI.tional !o create I sp@ies or sutsspecies on the size ofpronotal spin€s.
The family Manridae is repres€nted by fifte€n species, of these twospe.res namely l?,)er'r, rar heedi artd Microthespis sindhensir, and one sub-
species Montis r"hgiosa ak a'i are described newro science.
The senus.arn is rcprcs€nred by three sp€cies nan.ly. Iis uatoria,Irb splendida 8nd Ins radians. Iris sptendida was esaltished by Uvarov(1922) baled on s singte f€male fiom Afghanisran. We have matc of thissp€cies pr€viously underqib€d. Il has siftil chamders as tbose descriHby Uwrov (1922) except it is smaler in size, lhe margin ofpronotun notdenticulate, tegmina excnds !o the end of rh€ abdomen and wings lack ablack ov3l spot at th€ ap€x. In cotountion it g€neralty agrees with rhe rypeexcept wnas are pinkish at the base ed the alternat€ bands of btack andsulfir yellow extend from the base ofthe wings ro rhe distal nargin. Duringthe present finding four male specimens of iris sptendida, rhre9 ferll tesp€cimens of ,ir .adirru and fou males and one femate of t^ orutoria
The speci.s Statitia oce ata was estsbtished by Uvarov (1922) on thebasis ofsingle f€male coltected Gom eu€tia, Baluchis.an. The male ofthisspec'es
's rc@dd fo. the first tim€ fron Sindh. Ir geneElty agr€es wirh lhe
95
description given by Uvarov (1922) exc?t lhat tt'e spines on rhe prozona arc
less promrnenl as comD4ed to female.
wemer (1908) from Dibonti and Harrar on rhe Somalia coas. ofAfrica €stlblished the genus Microthespb w\th a snry,te species Microthespis
dztflsri. Its s€cond species natnely MiclothTpis eea6t \ras describ€d by
Uvarov (t931) from Quetta, Baluchisia. presenr,y we have described new
EEies Microthdpis sindhen is. This makes the lolat number of tttree
The species Aethalochroo afinis and Aerhatocht@ spna6 wqe€stablished by wood-Mason (1889) from Sindh. Ciglo_Tos (192?) was
dubious aboul th€ validity ofthes€ species. Dudng the pres€nt srudy we have
.ollecred Aethalochrca afrna from Hyderabad tbus confirmed rhe presence
ofthis sp€cies.
Mantis rcligiasa .eligiosa ;s a wortd wide distribured sp€cies. rt isdivided inlo a number ofsub-species. presently w€ hav€ added a new sub-
speci$ Mantis religiosa akbari, which is characreriz€d by lhe pr€s€nc€ ofwhite spot on ih€ inl€mat face offore coxa, inslead ofbtack.
In this area dle most dely disrribur€d and dominanr species ar€
Enpuw uni@rkis, Manus ,etigiosa retigiosa, Hieroduta coartah and
Sphodrcnantis trawcaucasr'ca The nost pronounced cotour variation was
rccoded in Spho*onMtis E@tcaucasica and M@tis rcliSiosa rcligiNa,green and brown phases.
96
Apad ftom trxonomy sone work ha! be€n done on lhe bioe€oeraphy
of praying mantids of Sindh.
Of rhc rotal spcci€s recordd fio'm Sirld,.,, Enpusa, his orcto a and
Rivetina f6.iata are cncum Meditenanean g€nen. Their speci€s extend
lhrough North Afiica, South Europe dd Wesl Asia. Marr,t is the onty
global senus, which has sp€{i€s in nost conrinenrs. Iri, splendiaa, Irisrudians, Heridula c@tata ar:d SphodronantX tanscarc4s,ba are pale3rtic
genera where as Teaodera attanwta, Tenodera a dlfotia a d{otia,Rlepha.opsis nendica, Aethalochrca afrinis, Statitia ocettata NdHutbenie a indica Ne Orientat, although the genus Hunbertie a is at|orecorded from Afica. The q?ical eremian fons beniaphitia spe'.jies
ranges into Arabia and W€slem Aliica.
Theoponpula sindhica, Micrcthespis sindhensis, Rivetina rasheedi
And Mantis rcligiosa akbari are €ndemic sp€cies where s Aethatochroaqfinb, Rlepharcpsd nedica, Enpusa, Ercnhphitia arubica, Hiercdxtacoartatu, Mbrothzspis dnitievi, Mantis retigiosa ard Tenodqa a diloliaarc alrcady known for this resion.
Of the lolal mantid fauna of Sindh there arE more sp€cies rypical ofPaleirtic reeion (13.33%) rtlan of Ori€nral (2s.57y0) and A turcut (14.28%)
r€gions. Sindh has a rich fauna of endenic species, which constirde about
19.o40/".
This is $€ first tine ftat a fair nurnber of praying manrids have been
coll€cted and srudied since the research slarted on praying mantids of Sindh
sbout a hundred years aAo.
97
Murray in 1880 recorded two sryies Tenodera a difola (Stoll) and
Mantb rcligiosa L. ftm u*noylr, localitis of Sindh. Wood-Mason in I 889
described thre€ new species nainelyr Aethalochrca afinh, Aethatochroa
spinirys nd Tdodercpsis radr fiom Kamchi and in l89t record€d
Hie.odula coaftata (Sanss.), Bkpharcpsis nandie (F.) a d Enp6a sp.
ftorn S'rklur and ,,,ed'i,pil,a a|,6tca (Sauss.) fiom nonhwest Sindh. And
Uvdov in f93t rc@tded Micrcthespb dDi./tevi wemer (1908) froin
Kdachi.
Presently I have recorded twenty-one sp€cies. Of thes€ there are three
new sp€cies, one new sub-sp€cies, nine new records and the nales of two
speci€s record€d for the first time in rhe world. Besides, the newty descnHspeci€s are well supponed by rheir copulatory apparatus. These find;n8s
show lhal the mal€ copularory appararus is a good taonomic chamct€r.
(Br€mon and Peinado(1991,193); ciplak s Demitsoy (t997) rnd
Lambardo (1997)).
The com€rcial value (economic value) of the pres€nr srudy ofndtids of Sindh: sinc€ $e raxonomy of namids is wetl docm€nt€d, this
will certainly provide a firin balis for studies leading to a ralher more
promising field - the biological coDhol of insect pesrs (lhe insects which
f€ed on asricultural crcps). Present investisarions include widely distribut€d
md of course id€ntified species in Sindh ftat is Ma,ri rclisiosa relisiosa,
Hierodula cootata, Sphodromntis baBcau.asico $d Tehodaa afidifotia
,rtdy'olib which can be us€d as imporrant biological control agents.
Recently in China some of the mantid spedes- Mattis rctigiosa
religiosd, Tenoderu siae8is, T. dhgustipesnis, T. braicottis, Hietu.tuto
patellifera a\d Statilb n@ulata havc bd succrssivety usd as a bie
98
oootrol ag.d for colodr crcp. (Wrng & Ji& 195. J. o'dr. Rrs. 4 : Itl gS).
l\lJni1,[email protected])d.m 6'qoha $r.rsn rnd to [email protected] in hrlprcdtain sp.ci6. of mdids|fc b6l4 lold c@n€reirlly !s biologic.l cdiljolag.nt! (Vi*.ry & Kevr\ 1983),
I
REFERENCES
Beier M. 1953. Mandd€n ( Insecta ) aus Afghanistan. The fiird Danishexpedation ,o cenhl Asia /id"a k. Me.1d. Dansk Naturh. Forqll5:169-172.
B€ier M. 1956. Mantid€n aus Iran Jh. V€r. Varerl. Naturk. Wunenb€rg IIIJalrrag. Erst. Haft. Stuttgart: 68-74.
Beier M. 1962. Mantiden aus Afghanistan. ar flrrt. Mar.lyien | |1-tl4.
BeierM. 1964. Ordnus Mantod€a BunneisEr 1838, Bronns &arr O/l/Tieft. . Leipzig 53 (6 ):a49-970.
Beier M. 1968. Manlodea, Eine Naturgh €s chichte der Sramme desTierreiches, Hand buck der Zoologie IV, Bdd 2 | l-25.
Ciplak B. dd Demirsoy A., 1997. Mantodea ( Inscta ) FaunaofMalatyaVicinity ( Tufk€y ) and Som€ Remarks on the Manrises ofAnatolia. J.O h. Res.6:105-11t.
Ciglo-Tos E. 1912. MantidiEsorici. Estira. Dal. Bu . De a. Soc. Ent. Itd.Ann. 43 | 30-66.
Giglo-Tos E. 1914. Mdtidae Er Ph6mide, Rea 1, M,s. Vot. V I,partV,No. 3l :415-417.
Ciglo-Tos E. 1927. Dd tiieneich. Otlhopteru, Mantidae- Liet. SO :707-W.4 fie.
Ken P-M, 1990. Grasshopp€$ and Mantids ofthe wortd. Impnm ofcassell,Lond. rl2-14.
Lombardo F, 1997. N€w and Litrle Known Mnatodea ftom East€m andCenHl Soutlern Afiici- J. Orlt ier. o I 09-81.
M]Imy JA. laSO-.4 Hand-Roo* to the Galogl Botany, and Zoolog ofSir4 a"ac,, Prcs Kunachee.
100
Pilhawala M. 1959. A Phlsical and Emnomic ceography ofsind. Sindhi,Adbi. Boar4 Hydembad, Sindh. pakistan.
R€hEan M. 1975. A Geography ofsindh provinc€, pakistan. The KamchiGeographers Association, Kar&hi: 204.
Descriptions of Onhopten frorn S.W.Soc. 28 :719-725.
Rehn James A.c. 1949. D€scriprion ofNcw and Criticaj Notes onPrcviously Krown Species ofAfrican Manteidae ( Orrhoptera ). r/ad.Anei Ent. Soc. ,LX)<IV : t\t-224.
Roy R. 1987. Gen€ral Obsewation on th€ Systenatic ofManbdeq 1, : BBaceni ( ed.t. Evolutiohary Diotos ofo hoptercid Insds ElisHorwood Lrd. . Chichster,6t2
SaE de Bremond MC and peinado, MV. t 99 L Esrudio compararivo detagenitalia femenina de ciuEo esp€ries ib€ricns de Manridos (Manrodea;Vantidae. Fmpusaidee,. \auv. Revue tnr. N.S.r, T. 8 fasc. 4 ;147_362.
Sau de Brenond MC and peinado, MV. 1993. Contribucion alconocimiento delos rnanridos deta p€ninsuta tb€rica: D€scripcion delahembm. y redescripcion de pr eudoye5inia pni tBotiya- t8,ir 1 1rn*cr.,Monrode). Bot. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nar. {Sec. pridr.89 (t-4)t t2i-t34.
Tinl}wn E- R. lq]7. Srudies in Chinese Manrida { Orfioprem ).2,,& Scr:Jo,r Vol. 16, No. 3 r48l-a99.
t'"*J):}l:i i?11;::xrjainchin€se
r,{antidae ( orrh opten r. Lin& sci
Uvarov B.P. i 922. R€cords andAsia. l. Rohbay. NaL Hist.
Uvamv B.P. 193 L A New Mantid fromBaltlchistan. Ann. Mag. Nar. HisL(10)8:418-419.
Vicker) vR. Kevan DK Mc E. I 98 I. A Monogaph of $e OntopLeroid
'nsecB or (jamda and AdjrcenrRegions. Lrnan Enton Mu' Ahd
f"r. lat M€moir No. 13 : 2lc2l7
t0l
wang T-Q and Jin X-B, 1995. Rece Advances on the Bi6,slenarics ofMantodea from China. J. Or,th. Res. 4 | t9i-198.
Wemer F. 1908. Die Mantode€n Ab€ssyniens. Nach. dem Marerial Des S!Petersturber akademischen M$erm. St. peteftburg, Ann. M$. Zaot.ll:108-128.
Weme. F. I93 l Furth€r Notes on rndian Mandds or prayins tnsects. pfod.Zool. Soa Part 4 : 1329-t335.
Wems F. I 931. Third Contribution to the Krowtedge of Indian Mantis orPrayinglnsecb. Proc. Zool. S@. pan 4 : 897-901.
Wood-Mason J. 1878. On New and Linle Known Mami dae. pr@. Zoot.Lond. | 580-597 .
Wood-Mason J. 1889. Th€ Ethiopian and Orienral Represeniative oftheMantod€an Subfamily Vari dae. J. As iat. Soc. Bengat 5a | 306_326,
Wood-Mason J. 1891. A cablogue ofM.ntoid€a, No. 2. I Woo.t-cut prnxedby ord€r ofthe Trust€es oflhe Indian Mus€um, Catcuna: 49_66.
Westwood. JoH. oB. I 889, Revisio tnsecrorum Families Manridarum.Gumey and Jackson, I , patemosrer Roq L-ondor, i-iii: J-53.
102
Tiblc I: Sho$/irg th. Dilaribdior of Mintidr i! Vadom Dist.icb ofSindh,
DISTRICTS
-
I
+l-:L-_
l-
:
t_
-
r-
:
.
l
!
l-
+.
i
;
: )--
:t-.t.
- )+:,L _
tl+i
L-fl+
-
+
l
I
i;+-l:_t- - lJ
Jl+i+-lfl_t_'_l -
_-t- t+rf l-
indicates rhc presence ofthe species_indicates thar $e species are not rccorded.
l0l
Table Ili Showing sp€ci6, their hrbitrts xnd{Ilioities
Zoogeographical
Hrbitrt
E, laeviftont Uyalov
Eumbedielo ildieaSa,rss.
Theoponpula sluthanrp.
EMPUSAIDAE
Bleph otopsb ntadica (F.)
E npas. u'ticomir (L.)
EREMIAPHILIDAE
Ercniaphilit otubicaSauss.
MANTIDAE
Aaholochtoa otinbWood-t{ason
(sauss.)
Bdk ofgFpes Fce
crounds
Ba* ofthc rees
Bushes
Bushes
Grounds
Cr&sses
Bushes & crops
This genus ranges inroArabia, wesrem Afiica& weslem part ofsind
Dno
Oriental
Orientd
Circurn Mediterranean
Oriental
Zoog.ogrrpbic.lAfliritie!
104
H!bitat
Mantis relbiosa a*hrrin.sp.
M a nt is t el igio sn rc A N os aL.
Micro.hespb dtfiitieiWemer
Mic t oth espis s i nd h m s i sn.sp.
Rivetina fssciqto (Ttlun.)
Nvetina nsheedi n.sp.
bonscoucosica (Br.w .)
Srttilid ocdhtt Uvanv
a ifotio (sto[)
Bush€s
Bush€s
Bushes
€ring fields &
fields & pastures &cuftivated plains
crass€s
Gmsses
Bushes
Bushe!
Herbs and shrub6;
ground & lowgrowinS planh
fie€ly 10 light.
Cm$€q bushes &al light.
ZoogcographicrlAlliniti€!
World w'de disrribution
Pal€artic
n-sp,
Afiican
Circum M€ditenanean
n.sp.
Circun Medilerranean
Orien!al
Oricnlal (irs disrribulion
Oriental
TrtL IIL Stor'Dt b. ||d.r .d p.|,c{fig. of rrlg. r..ordd irSidf || rdci.| to tlift.t a 'ooaIFpLLr r'donr
R.OoD}.tro. oflpeirs
ncod.d i!Sirdh
Prt..nt.
Frlc*dc
Ori.dl
Aiiosr
Wodd Wid€
Endcoic
7
3
I
1
3333%
25.57
n.ze/r
1-76Vo
t9J}!'r'o
106
Checklist ofMatrtoder of Sindh
Frmily Erenirphilid|e
Entniaphilia lat barr. la35E@iaphilia anbi@ Seit\jlre, 1869
Eemiaphilia laeritons Wrov, t922
Hulrbc,t Ula S.t*ncr, tt69Hunbqtielh indica Sa]Ufisurc, tB69
Theoponpula cl$o-T(F,, r9r7
neoponpla sindica r"g{,.
Frnily Empusidre
Blcph@opsk ciglo-T.x,, t9t1Rlepharcpsis nendi.a (F abdcitts, t7 63)
Ehp6e lllg.r, tTnEnpusa unicornis eixill,aeus, tt'j,
Frmily Mrntidae
Act h al o c h mo W ofd-M.*n, ltnlethal@hre afrnis Wood-Mason, 1889
' Aethalochnn rpinipe* Wood-Mason, 1889
Hi.mdu!, Burmettt r,t8t,3Hierodala @artata (Saussure, 1869)
lni Srmrur., t869
t01
Itu oratdia (Li]tr::.eus, |TSB)
Ins mdiad Uv'do\, t94B
Iris splendida Uvaroe, 1922
,4crr,rr Linnreus, I75E
Mantis rcligiosa aIt&i n.sp.
Mantb rcligiosa religiosa Linna.us, I 758
Microth?lfiswe ci$$lelicrcthqpis dnit ievi Wcrn€r, l9O8
itfrcrcth*pis sindhensi, n q.Ri€rt rd Betrntchopprrd, rq2Ri,etina fatciata Ghunb€rg, I Sl5)
Rivelj,a rushzeti n.sp.
Sphodtorrnttds Satt, ttnSphodrcnantis tanscaucarica (Brunner, I 878)
SrrrTrir St lt, l8?Statilia o@ttata tl.vatov, lg22
ftrod"r,prrir Wood-Mrsotr, 1889* Taxodercpsis tamtt Wood-M.$on, | 889
Te nodcro B|Ir b.itter, l8N3
Tenodqa a ifotia oidihtia (tno ,lst3)Tenodera a$enuata (Srofi, lA17)
NOTE.* Sp€cies not rccrrded during thc present study, but oc.ur in Sindh.
108
'')-!";;
t4i
Pl.t l : Protr,n$ ofi a, @,V'Ia tNtu n4b) Elttboltcua tnAicacrWrdisotl'ia
\ u \- -,-
109
Plare L Erenophlia arabica SsL,ssure, male.
]l0
Plats 3t Hwbetic t indka SaussurE, f€male.
lll
Pl^re 4: Eap6a uni.onts lL innaeusr, male
ll2
PlatE 5t Rlqh@oFttk ,Endrca €abiciu5.), fqDale
ltl
Plate 6: Rhetiia ta..:.]otfhunbcrg), remat€
Plare 7 k Rive.iM rasheedi n.sp.
a) .nlarSed head and pronotumb) €nlarged abdonen showing supra-anal plate
lt5
PInc 78: CoFddory ,Fp.r!tr! ofli'rsrrha dardl E6L bolotyp.
b.Lcft don l phallom.trRight do.!d phdlomVontnl phrtloElcr
ll5
Plare 8* fte. ^)
Mieothesp,r rudnea,r, male holorype.b) Prosremum olMalorr€vrr s,ndre,.r,
ll7
Pbtc 88: Copul.tory rppir.tu! ot Microth.sptt ti"dttttlttt n',ehol(fflE
a- Lte&i3at ph.[oo.rb. Rigbt rbsd [email protected]. vcnral rhdlomcr
llE
Plae 9: Aetholachroa afikis Wood-Mason, female.
9
Pl8!c | 0A: tir rpretrdtlda Uvarov, male.
120
Plrtc l0B: Copi{ddy afDrtaets olrrrle bh splad;dalJ,t tov
a. Lci dodd phrllom.rb. Righ ddr.l ph.Ilod.rc. VcolEl ph6tlomcr
r2l
Plate I I: 1ra 'ad,iaar
Uvarov, female.
t22
Pl'ne l2A lris arutoria (Linnaeus), male.
t2J
Plal€ l2B: hb orctotio (Lirf.taeus), female.
t24
Plare 13: Sphodronahtk tru6.al?r6,ica (Burnner), male.
D5
Plare I a: Tenodetu afteauata \Stoll, n le.
t26
Plarc | \: T.andet a at id ;Jal ir at idiJal ir \Stolt ). tenate.
\27
Pla,e 16. Hieroduta coartata (Saussure), male.
128
b.
Plde l7B: CoFddcyrpFqd|r 6lbd, rdlgtoraorfuiE Lholotl,pc
r Irft do.!d pbrlloodb, Ri8ltr doG.l ph.[o|D.sc. ]/cotsd lb.llota.r
r,ll
Plate I8A:&arilh treral4 Uvarov, male.
lll
Pl^t l7A: MMtis religioil alrai mal. holotvpc.
129
Pld. l8B: CoFddory ry(it! of or!. &drlb ocdbe t viov
L.t da!.IClllotuRightbdpb.[GVqtnl phdlo$cr
132
M.q 2t lotAilj.5 ot E&iqhitb lazvifto,.,lW ci(cb), E oabba pFw [ffii:,:*' to,-, q;uet M n'eozo"wt;'
ll3
l,'tp l: localitie of E qp8r. l!,tico.ld' (Wn .irc]f.) d Btqtn ogri,ncrrdrca (op.a Frlnatc).
134
Map 4 | Iocalides ofirtenna fasciata (open circte\, R rusheedi (openntande), Microthespis dnbiai (open square), M ridreffiir (closedcncb) and Aethalachorca ailJinis (closed triasle).
Map 5: lo.aliti.s of trir splerlidd (oFd circlc), lru,adn?$ (opc' tdangle)and 1r,i ora.onb (opcn square).
B5
M4 6: localitiB of.&rad"rads r-ucaucarrra (op.o circlc) .ndHi.rodt Ia codata (orff.ltrl'fndtc).
137
M.p 7: loqliti€s of foo&ra eo@a(o{€r.&deratr o:6oltaafllihlia (w,xirrdle\.
l3E
MrD 8: lo.rliti.3 ofllartl, rdtgbta r.ngtota (oP.lrt dtcL\ rt M r'nglosa' at df, (oPcn tianele)
t39
Mrp 9r lGlitic. of5&dr:hr ocdlda (opea ciftfe}
140
