Proyecto Ingles Campeche

Tourist Guide from Campeche City

History about Campeche

Campeche is located in southeastern Mexico and is part of the Yucatan Peninsula. It was also home to the great Mayan culture along with the states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatan and Quintana Roo and Central American countries of Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras.

Campeche's name comes from the Mayan language, but its meaning has given rise to various interpretations, where the most accepted is the "Can" = snake and "Pech" = tick, or "Place of Serpents and Ticks, "the coincides with the sculpture found in one of his temples formed by a large snake with a tick on his head.

The Mayans are one of the most important pre-Hispanic cultures of Latin America through its cultural and scientific advances, excelling in the areas of architecture, astronomy, hydraulics and mathematics. The Mayan ruins are still in Campeche have provided a better understanding of how this advanced society, such as archaeological sites of Calakmul, Chicanna, Becan, Edzná, Xpujil, Hormiguero, Balamku, El Tigre, among many others.

In 1517, when the Spanish arrived in the Campeche coast, Mayan society was controlled by the estates of Acalan, Ah Kin Pech, Ah Champotón and Canul. The local leader Moch Couoh defeated the invaders on several occasions, until his death and thanks to the separation of powers of the Indian territory, gained control, officially named as Villa de San Francisco de Campeche by Francisco de Montejo "El Mozo " In the year 1540.

The process of evangelization, which the Spanish were launched throughout the country was particularly difficult in the Maya area, as the polytheistic religion of this civilization controlled all aspects of their lives. The advantageous position holds port was used by the new government, resulting in a boom in commercial activity. Salt, precious wood and logwood (wood of a tree called ink as it can get colors like blue and violet) were sent abroad through its port. But that was attractive not only to the conquerors installed there, but also to European pirates in the seventeenth century were devoted to attacking the Campeche population. Until in 1704 it completed construction of a walled octagonal shape with 4 defenses (forts located at the point where two stretches of


wall), which penetrated to the port forcing boats wanted aground in the same should enter the fort.

At the end of the War of Independence (1821), political conflicts began the new sovereign country between liberals and conservatives, between federalist and centralist. And in the Yucatan peninsula (made Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo) launched the Indian rebellion known as the Caste War, in which the Maya revolted the government of the "white" in an attempt to regain control their land.

Also, the peninsula was one of the areas that rejected the imposition of a federal government in the country. And if this were not enough, inside, Campeche and Yucatan also kept many economic disputes, until May 3, 1858 signed the separation of Campeche Yucatan territory. Which was not officially acknowledged until 1863 when its sovereignty was ratified by then President Benito Juárez.

From the time of Porfirio Diaz, the free and sovereign state of Campeche has maintained an economy based on exports of woods and salt, and the interior, agriculture, corn, sugarcane and sisal were the main activities. But until 1975 it was strongly stimulated by the discovery of rich oil deposits in the seabed of the Gulf which is in its territory.


Walls and Baluarts

The walls of Campeche

The state of Campeche is located in the southwestern part of the Yucatan Peninsula, bordered to the north and northwest by the state of Yucatan, east to the state of Quintana Roo and Belize to the south by the Republic of Guatemala and the state of Tabasco Tabasco and west and the Gulf of Mexico.

The first Spanish incursions took place in 1517. By 1531, the first settlement was called Salamanca and in 1540 it changed its name to Villa de San Francisco de Campeche, in the year of 1777 received the status of city.

During the colonial era, Campeche was the category of port of call in commercial maritime traffic due to its geographical location between the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, the extensive trade with Veracruz made its economy was very prosperous, so there was the need for shipyards for boat manufacturing.

In colonial times, Campeche Campeche produced the stick or stick Dye came to have great demand in Europe. Textile manufacturers were willing to buy at prices of gold through the beauty of its red color. This was one reason why pirates or buccaneers made their appearance in the Bay of Campeche. On this occasion, commerce and life, not only of Campeche, but the other major Gulf ports, were under constant threat of these vandals of the sea.

The folksy not frightened in such a terrible threat, and built ships and sailors were trained to implement the most vigorous defense. Because the danger was increasing, the hearty forced the Spanish government to raise the defense of its ports.

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries began the fortification of San Francisco de Campeche, the first permanent defense was certainly had the turret, which later became the Fort of San Benito and the course was in the San Roman. In 1597, thence defended Captain Antonio de Alcalá pirate attack William Park.


San Carlos

His name was given in honor of King Charles II. This fortress is located on the seaward side and was the first to be built. In the late eighteenth century, was demolished the original ramp that extended perpendicular to the fortress and had a drawbridge. The rooms were used as body guards with small barracks, without windows or ventilation., Another room was used as a prison. Also had a well and a silo (storage of food) known as "Purguero."

It is known that in the early 70's of last century was used as accommodation for troops. In recent times it was used as tourist offices, exhibition hall, local handicrafts sales regional tourist information center and lately as "Museum of the City" where there is a graphical display of historical and cultural development of Campeche by the City Council of Campeche, is on the street 8. Access to the Baluart de San Carlos is via a steep ramp that leads to its original gate, made of wood jabin, which serves as the entrance to the bastion. Inside there is another ramp that provides access to the terrace or embankment (upstairs) which is equipped with battlements and sentry at its vertices, and one of them is a small bell. The esplanade, at the top, is in stone masonry (stone carved and cut), and the battlements and sidewalks on one side and on its flanks. In their rooms, dome-shaped, some have lost their wooden ceiling beams, and may be even a kind of basement with an opening covered by a slab, which they called "purguero", which says prisoners locked up .

Nuestra Señora de la Soledad

The third fortress was built to Our Lady of Solitude. Designed to support the Sea Gate, was built next to the office around 1690, with an area of two thousand square 344 meters made it the largest of the strongholds which formed the wall. Consisted of two levels. On the ground floor rooms were located on duty staff, the warehouse for the storage of weapons and gunpowder, and the open chapel, the second level was the embankment surrounded by battlements and embrasures at the front, the yen stood the vertices sentry. In the second half of the nineteenth century the stronghold was occupied as a warehouse, later was taken into account the possibility it was demolished to widen the street 8. In 1929 he was assigned to the War Department to serve as a family room for the troops, which caused use later became neighborhood. In the thirties


was remodeled its center from adding a bell tower and a house of two bodies with signs maritime mast had been removed. On March 10, 1945 adjustments were made to install the Archaeological Museum. In 1984 some parts were demolished the wall to mark the extension of the streets of Iturbide, Independence and Zaragoza. On the façade can read the following inscription: This fortress was built in the seventeenth century, was given the name of Our Lady of Soledad in honor of the Virgen de la Soledad patron of sailors because it was built on the edge the sea. It is the largest of the eight bastions of the walls of the former Villa de San Francisco de Campeche. During the second half of the eighteenth century engineer Juan José de León planned and carried out the construction of the provisional Customs in your neighborhood, from the early twentieth century until 1929, was used as military barracks, then occupied by the Secretary of War serving the family room and troop clerkship. In the period of government of Dr. Hector Pérez Martínez opened. Is this bastion Archaeological and Historical Museum of Campeche. The renovation was led by the National Institute of Anthropology and History and the State Government. Now houses the Museum of Stella. The building is located facing the sea on the northeastern side walls. It has a sloping angle to walls, topped by a series of battlements on a thick ledge. In two of the edges exhibits sentry. In one of its sides was cut on the canvas of the wall that was linked to the Puerta del Mar. In the southeastern side portico opens access to arcades on pilasters quarry. Within a few bays form a square, one of the bays has transverse arches that support the decks, the other has an opening framed in stone with effusion and splayed that provides access to a small room covered by a barrel vault. On the other side, under a ramp leading to the roof, there are three arches. In this section there is another small room with access voussoired framed in stone while the interior is covered with a barrel vault. Currently occupied by the Museum of Roman Pina Chan Doctor Stelae in the enclosure is a permanent exhibition of Mayan stelae found in the state. In December 1986 he was included in the decree of Historic Monuments Zone published in the Official Journal of the Federation. Is also integrated into the list of World Heritage Sites for the Historic Fortified Town of Campeche.

Santiago

This fortress was demolished, rebuilt in 1953. Was similar to that of San Carlos. It was filling. Access was achieved via a ramp that ran parallel to the wall. Its esplanade was concrete. The face looked towards the sea had a parapet, ie completely smooth a small wall, to shoot fire ground. Lodging did not have more


than 3 vaulting arches. Served as a store bullets and the other two to wrap body guards. The infantry barracks castle was in front of the fortress and shut the bastion walls.After its destruction, the local government in the fifties became aware of the importance of both ideological, economic and political strongholds could be a symbol of state identity and decided to revive this fortification. Although the technique was not correct there is now a shell of stone houses inside a botanical garden "Xmuch-Haltún Botanical Garden" "The Frog Sarteneja" under the Secretary of Tourism of the State. It is located on the street circuit 8 and Flagship.

San Pedro

Located at the opposite end of San Carlos, access is achieved through a door that leads to a patio or gorget closed, which begins a steep ramp. Bulwark door is topped by a papal coat, the symbol of San Pedro: 2 keys of heaven and the papal tiara.Underneath the ramp is a room covered by a canopy of small size, dedicated to the gunpowder and munitions depot. Waterfront access is another larger than was the old barracks. In the middle of the gorge is the cistern that was used for the supply of water going up the ramp will reach the square, made of concrete, which rise the battlements and seating benches.Was used as accommodation for troops and housing. At one time was fitted as a warehouse and research center INAH In 1984 it became the center of cultural exhibitions and sales of handicrafts based regional State DIF. There is now a tourist information module in charge of the Secretariat of Tourism of the State. Located on Calle 49, next to the church of San Juan de Dios.

San Francisco

It is located on the opposite side to the Baluarte de la Soledad. This work was second in terms of size of 8 bulwarks, his name is in honor of the Order of St. Francis of Assisi.His gorge was closed with the line extended from the wall and its courtyard came a ramp similar to that of loneliness, but of smaller dimensions. This ramp was supported by 3 vaults that were the headquarters, warehouse and the guard.This stronghold was almost destroyed in 1889. Later used as housing for poor people. It was later abandoned. Currently a part is used as a library archeology "Gustavo Martinez Alomía" INAH and the other part is an integral area of La Puerta de Tierra. Located on Calle 18 and Circuit Presidia 57.


San Juan

The architecture of this foundation is very similar to Santa Rosa, but smaller. His name is in honor of the religious order Juaninos, has a closed gorge which starts a ramp supported by arches leading to the esplanade, very unlike the above is made of concrete. The sidewalks are of masonry. Has on the sides of the door 2 / 4 long and narrow, which were used as a store of ammunition and supplies.This fortress was used as a room and was integrated into the door of earth through the restoration of the way round, held in 1990. He is currently an atmosphere of seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which is used as part of the representation of the "pirate spirit" of the sound and light show ground gate. This bastion is under the responsibility of the Secretariat of Tourism of the State. Located on Calle 18 and is part of the Presidium Circuit.

Santa Rosa

First strength in artillery, was the second to be completed in the 8 planned for the fortress ramparts. Was placed under the patronage of the first American sanctified, Rose of Lima, Peru.The inner courtyard called gorge is closed by a wall with a door has a ramp with high arches hanging over the esplanade leading to superior. The ramp, the battlements and sidewalks are stalls, their rooms had wood-beamed ceiling that was the guard; The other rooms were removed from the thickness of the ramp and were used as a store of gunpowder and ammunition, also has a well.Was used as housing for poor people, such as archaeological cellar and library "Juan Sanchez Azcona. He was also qualified as exhibition and sale of handicrafts, tourism information module of the State Tourism Department. It is located opposite the district of San Román. Restored and guarded by the City of Campeche, on the inside is a photo exhibition area, a permanent form of tourist information, as well as the offices of the Municipal Tourism Coordination.


Forts

San Miguel

The first reports of its construction date of 1776 by Governor Oliver. It is said that Mr. Juan José de León led to the upgrading of the redoubt in 1781, by appending a small bastions sticking in the ground side. In 1801 Lt. Col. Don Leandro People completed the refurbishment of the redoubt.Among its features we can see its two bridges, The Sleeping built of masonry and The Hanging built with wood, the guardhouse and officers' rooms, storage, kitchen, the depot and water tank, bathrooms with pipes that emptied into the ditch "common ", parapets, concourses and checkpoints.For a long time was restored as a museum of weapons. Is now fully restored and fitted out as Campeche Museum of Archaeology.Located south of the city, toward the town of Lerma, on Scenic Avenue, is the largest of all the fortifications of the city. It hosts an art exhibition of Mayan culture and a panoramic view of the port of Campeche.

San José el Alto

Overlooking a small natural elevation north of the city, formerly called "Cerro de la Vigia Old" and today "Bellavista", stands this beautiful building which was built in the late eighteenth century. Its strategic location provided support to the batteries of St. Matthias and St. Luke who were on the coast. A moat and a rampart around the set and clear out the entrance, which is resolved in a winding passage that served to avoid a frontal attack of the enemy. After you enter the exhibition hall through a door with a small drawbridge. The fort is a quadrangular with three sentry in the corners, in your yard are the remains of the rim of an old well. Around the courtyard are a few rooms and an access ramp to the roof, where you get excellent views of the sea, the city and the remnants of the old battery of San Matias in the low, close to the beach. The redoubt was built by Lt. D. King Known José Vargas, who concluded it in 1792. Is a clear example of the military outposts. Is smaller than San Miguel, has no defenses, has a moat and a central courtyard with its well and bays around, a little snake-shaped entrance. A sleeper and a bascule bridge. It also observed the


hall with his bodyguard and the fourth commander, jabin door with metal reinforcement, has a magazine, store, kitchen and quarters for the troops. It is located north of the city on the hill of Bellavista, is smaller than San Miguel, built in the eighteenth century. Inside is an exhibition of weapons and replicas of pirate ships.


Bastions

San Lucas

His role was to support the stronghold of San Jose. It was built by Agustín Crame. Semicircular shape is irregular, has a plaza with capacity of 8 guns, had a ramp attached to the center and two rooms.Its construction lasted 6 months and was completed in 1792. It was restored in the 70's and became a roundabout.San Matías battery .- Covering 432.16m2 this battery was built by the sea to supplement the strong San Jose, high. Built in the same direction, on the mountains. It was completed in conjunction with San Jose on August 29, 1792.

San Matías

Junto con la batería de San Lucas defendían posibles desembarcos hacia barlovento, se encontraba en la costa a las faldas del reducto de San José. Aun conserva la rampa que nos conduce a la parte superior de su sólida estructura. En períodos de marea alta solía quedar rodeada por el mar.


Sea Door & Land Door

Sea Door

He was one of the 4 accesses the system had walled villa. O was required for those using the only means at that time, with telling the Yucatan Peninsula to communicate with the rest of the world navigation.It is located between the defenses of San Carlos and La Soledad, which had the function of protecting it. The original door and the guard were demolished in 1893. This door had no custody, no gap or bridge, or Rebellin, and gave way to the pier that was short and narrow. It was a good building, and on top was a "saratana or matacaspa. " On its left was a small guard for 4 or 5 soldiers.In 1802 it was rebuilt a new body guard who had 2 rooms, one for the commander and the other for the troops. He had a runner 10m x 6m. The current sea door is a reproduction of the original. It was built in 1957.The wall that joins the bulwark of our Lady of Solitude, is a recent reconstruction, with the objective of enabling the transition from round to the door of Campeche sea and turn into a city-museum.

Land Door

Is connected to the Baluarte de San Juan, is the only original entries of the defensive system that the City maintains. Its importance was that output was the main land of the former Villa de San Francisco de Campeche. It was built in 1732 by Don Antonio de Figueroa y Silva. It lies between the bastion of San Francisco and San Juan. It has a huge vault with two rooms for the guard and the fourth official. On the vault is a small parade with 8 gunboats. At the top of the door we see a matacaspa or saratana. For the defense of the door with grenades and gunfire, has a space for the descent and ascent of the rake. The door is jabin wood with iron bands. On the front is a masonry ravelin is protected by a small ditch 3 m deep. Originally had a drawbridge with portcullis. He is currently in the custody of the Ministry of Tourism. There is a small showroom where we can see replicas of Spanish arms, and a large bronze cannon from France found on the coast of the town of Lerma. The whole gate area of land and stretches of wall that bind with the bastion of San Francisco and San Juan, is used to make a sound and light show called "The Place of the Sun."


Cathedral and Churches

Purisima Concepcion

On December 8, 1526 Emperor Charles V granted to Don Francisco de Montejo the authority to conquer and settle the province of Yucatan. To commemorate this fact, in 1540 Francisco de Montejo son had built in the modern city of Campeche a small church in honor of the Immaculate Conception. This construction was made from lime and stone, with thatched roofs. Around 1650 began the first work on the extension of the parish later on 4 August 1758, at the initiative of the priest Manuel Jose Najera, was enlarged and remodeled the church again, ending on October 22, 1760 with the construction of the chapel Jesus of Nazareth and the tower overlooking the sea, "the Spanish way, where he placed the first public clock and a Spanish coat of arms carved in stone that occupied the center, it was ordered destroyed after the independence of Mexico. In 1833 the bishop of Yucatan, Don José María Guerra consecrated the parish, and in 1895 Pope Leo XIII erected the bishopric in Campeche, raising the status of the parish church of Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion Cathedral. Between 1849 and 1850 he built the tower of the land side, known as "Campeche." The clock of 4 covers light which is still operating in this tower, was installed in 1916.

Description The Cathedral of Campeche has a cruciform plan with a nave divided into six sections by stone arches. In the last arc of the enclosure is formed octagonal dome cruising in the back of it is the presbytery, and in it, the main altar in the form of cypress wood oil painting in white with some gold accents. At the other end, on the front door, the choir is composed of a wooden balcony, at the bottom near the door, is the small chapel of the baptistry, the thickness of the wall removed. The floors are white marble and black and the front of the platform of the sanctuary, and the baseboard from the walls are covered with tiles of the city of Puebla. The main facade, made from carved stone well, presents a portal flanked by two bell towers, tall and slender. This cover consists of two bodies framed by two fluted pilasters on pedestals and ends with a single shot with a wriggler curved in the shaft and on the pilasters. The first body is the main door with a hatch Ferrando, two pillars and sides paired with niches containing sculptures of San Pedro and San Pablo. In the axis of the second body is the bow window of the choir and a


small sculpture lobed, also framed by two small pilasters and niches with statues of saints. Between the pillars and windows are two portholes and below them wriggler means against the wall. In the middle of the auction is seen a shield with the papal insignia. The towers consist of three bodies square and flat walls, separated only by a simple ergot; on them are two more bodies, one square and one octagonal, both with fluted pilasters and arches to house the bells, finished in a bulbous cupola with a stone cross. The dome is simple, with four double flying buttresses. The atrium of the Cathedral is a platform of 1.30 mts. high, with brick and marble floor, surrounded by a lattice of iron. In the courtyard is the chapel of Jesus of Nazareth, which consists of a single nave with a barrel vault, whose interior houses a small choir in a barrel. In its facade has a belfry with three arches, with a curved top wriggler the shaft. To the right of the church building is located on Bishop, whose facade is composed of an arched portal giving access to the atrium.

Location The Cathedral is located next to the main square on Calle 55 between Calle 8 and 10 in the Historic Center of Campeche City.

San Román

It was during the year 1562 or 1563 that struck the Yucatan province a plague of locusts, causing damage that fell most dramatically on Campeche. As a result, the natives of the place, dedicated to agriculture, they decided to adopt a patron saint to protect them against the vicissitudes of nature, thus choosing to San Roman Martyr as tutelary spirit, so they built a shrine to place the image of saint who gave name to the chapel, and to date known as a district of San Román. The chapel was placed under the patronage of San Roman Martyr in 1563, which probably occurred in August of that year, because in that month they celebrate the festivities of the image. At first, he was humble mansion San Roman Martyr and, of course, the Black Christ, which the hearty deposited there in 1565, following custom made and Coca Cano Juan Gaitán, who was brought from Alvarado, Veracruz, and which was carved in Civitavecchia, Italy. With the passage of time, the modest chapel located to the west of the port grew steadily, to become the temple of the aspects presented today. The work had been completed possibly in the last third of the sixteenth century,


around 1570 or 1580, although, based on data transcribed from the book "Value Ecclesiastical History" of the author Francisco de Cárdenas y Valencia, the conclusion of the church with the proportions must be achieved now saved only until mid or late seventeenth century, since 1639, the year in which the author said he wrote his book, San Roman was still in his own words, a "small church built on the outskirts of that town" .

Description The church consists of nave roof and floor beams in the form of a Latin cross, surrounded by several rooms. Its main facade resembles a small medieval fortress graced by a slender tower of two bodies which has arched openings canopiales and crowned with a fluted dome. Its cover features access to arch on which is the stocky choir window with balcony and iron railing. The façade ends with a shot mixtilineal with oculus. In its side walls and gargoyles can be seen in the rear, auctions pyramidal belfry of a vain, as well as a Latin cross of stone. In the front left side has finials decorated with reliefs plant vases. The central nave is crossed by arches that uproots on pilasters. It houses six retablos, five side and one main end of the nave, carved mahogany with floral motifs in gold, in which central niche is the Black Christ placed on a thin silver cross, flanked by pairs of fluted columns of the Doric capital. The altar topped with a curved pediment whose center is decorated in gold. Other high value items are the finely wrought silver altar that is placed only during the festivities of San Román, in September, and the chancel rail wood carving. There are two side chapels with altarpieces simulated and one of them, a relief cord San Francisco. The walls are decorated with stained glass windows depicting the life of saints. Also highlights a baptismal font made of stone carved with plant motifs and shells.

Location It is located on the space formed by the Bravo Calle 10-B and 12, opposite the park in the San Roman, in the city of Campeche.

San Francisco:

Se localiza sobre la esquina formada por la avenida Miguel Alemán con la calle Mariano Escobedo, en el barrio de San Francisco, antes conocido como “Campechuelo”.Misioneros franciscanos fundaron en terrenos del pueblo indio de Kin Pech, a una


milla de la Villa de San Francisco de Campeche, el primer convento franciscano en el año de 1546, en el mismo lugar donde se oficiara la primera misa en el actual territorio mexicano hacia 1517.En este convento tuvieron lugar hechos históricos significativos, como el haber brindado hospitalidad a la esposa de Martín Cortés –hijo del conquistador de México-, quien dio a luz ahí el 31 de Octubre de 1562 a un barón llamado Jerónimo, bautizado en aquel lugar por el obispo Don Francisco de Toral y teniendo como padrino a don Francisco de Montejo.

San Francisquito

A mid-seventeenth century the convent of San Francisco was largely destroyed, so that residents of the village asked Juan de la Torre, Commissioner General of the Order of San Francisco's visit to the port 1634, the construction of a new convent in the town, which was closest to the plaza. In 1654, under the supervision of Father Francisco Bueno, work began on building the temple and monastery were placed under the patronage of San Roque, although the people of the village would start calling him "San Francisquito" related to the first Franciscan monastery, which name is known to date. He was also known as the Third Order, having been founded by the Franciscans. This worked temporarily as a convent school where the Franciscan Fathers taught children to read and write. He also moved to a hospice where pilgrims were welcomed and the poor and also took refuge for abandoned children, this work was through donations made by the residents of the village. In 1724, the convent was already completed and in service to the community. In 1832 had serious economic problems are likely to have stopped working in 1854 when it enacted the confiscation of church property and passed to the government of the province of Yucatan. In 1861, he settled in the parish house primary school called Clerical College of Jesus, "and later the building was occupied by H. State Legislature, being abandoned by 1960. In the mid 70's, the State Government under the administration of Rafael Rodriguez Barrera, rescued the property installed in the area of the cloister the Instituto de Cultura de Campeche.

Description The cloister of the monastery with a courtyard surrounded by corridors with arches, the center is located a well. The northeast side communicates with the temple and its other three sides are located the rooms that served as shelter for members of


religious orders, among which should be the chapter house, the Profundis hall, refectory, kitchen, cellar , cells and other services. The entire building is roofed by a lattice of wooden beams in the rear houses a small courtyard that might work as a garden. The facade of this building has on its cover an access pad framed by two pilasters supported by high pedestal, connected by a simple cornice, are crowned by the emblem of the Order of San Francisco, all this set forms a cover that is based on in a large arch. The temple building is a solid, sober, single-nave slate roof with wooden beams and roof, the walls are reinforced by buttresses and the whole body of the church is surrounded on top by battlements and its belfry. As a special feature, the church has another little steeple that looks inside the convent, which probably functioned as a bell. The facade is composed of the access bay window of the choir and the belfry. The temple has four sides and a central altar, which is the baroque style and Stipe Solomon. For many years the church was neglected until a meeting of neighbors undertook the task of rescuing abandoned building, restoring their altars.

Location It is located on the corner of streets 12 and 59 in the historic city center of Campeche.

San Juan de Dios

In the seventeenth century, trade and economic boom of the town and port of Campeche, and the steady migration by the arrival of ships and sick, necessitated the creation of a hospital to take in charge patients as much of the town of those who came in ships. In 1626, upon application made by the villagers to the Governor of Yucatan, Don Diego de Cárdenas and the Bishop Fray Gonzalo de Salazar, came four religious of the Order of St John of God, led by Fray Bartolome de la Cruz, with to establish and manage a home hospital. Shortly after his arrival, with donations from neighbors, sailors and soldiers, began the construction of rooms for the sick and the temple for worship, which was initially placed under the patronage of Our Lady of Remedies , and subsequently filed for protection of the patron saint of the Johannine, San Juan de Dios. The construction of the hospital and temple was interrupted several times by pirates. Years later the work was continued by Don Diego de Zapata governor of Yucatán, who of his own money bought a lot attached to the church to expand the building was built on this site on the staff and premises


for other hospital services . A mid-seventeenth century, in 1655, concluding the hospital and until 1675, when the church is completed, thanks to the efforts of prior Trillanes and donations from the residents of Campeche. In addition to hospital and church, the building served as a refuge for the people when in the late seventeenth century, the pirate Lorencillo campechanas hit the coasts. By provision of the Spanish court, the Johannine left the church administration and the hospital, being in the hands of secular clergy in 1821. By this time the hospital had only one brother who follow the custom of their ancestors left the convent to beg in public places, homes and depositing all that was given in a "basket" (small basket of palm) which was called of Capechen, hence affectionately nicknamed in Campeche Capechen Friars. " Later, the City Council took over the building by providing the necessary assistance. In 1865, receives a visit from the Empress Carlota who donated money for the construction of an amphitheater, a water tank and the purchase of a local assistant to create a mad house that the city did not have the need. The nineteenth century marked the decline and later its transformation into General Hospital, later, in 1890, the City Council ordered that it be called "Manuel Campos." During the government of Mr. Ortiz Avila, in the early 60's, the hospital was demolished, leaving only the church standing, which continues to provide religious services to the community.

Description The temple consists of a single nave with barrel vault roof without beams, supported by large stone walls supported by thick buttresses. Architectural projects from your better half dome, topped by a lantern supported by eight pillars, which is reached by a ladder of 18 tracks (steps). On each side of the ship, at the height of the center, located two doors, one that connected to the hospital and the other side was the entrance, on which you can see the shield of the Johannine. The facade is made up of two horizontally. The first is the front door which is an arch made of quarry and thin flanked by fluted columns, the second body, which ends in a double cornice on which stand two slots, you can appreciate the two windows chorus topped by small triangles, among which there is an inscription and a date: 1675, year of completion of the work. Both bodies are divided by a cornice grooved on the ends of which uproots two pinnacles. The church had a tower of two bodies due to their poor condition, was demolished in 1830, built in its place the bell tower can be seen to date. Inside, the chancel area, there is a cypress wood, the upper opposite end is supported by the choir arch and a small dome with wooden trellis. The church has a niche dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Virgin of Guadalupe, an


altar which is painted and gilded altarpiece with two windows of two stained glass windows and paintings of saints, and in front there is a tabernacle with its cypress-shaped glass with shades of white satin with gold braid, whose paintings can be seen small figures of saints.

Location It is located on the corner of streets 16 to 51, against corner of the bastion of San Pedro, in what was the walled enclosure of the town and port of San Francisco de Campeche.

El Jesus

As a result of increasing population and to ensure that the parishioners had to go to hear Mass to the Church of San Francisco, in 1560 rose in the heart of the village a simple open chapel, constructed of sticks and palm , which was called Jesus of Nazareth. Later it served as a sanctuary, vaulted stone and palm-ship, the first was preserved, and the second was replaced by a masonry building divided by arches and roofed with wooden beams. The Church of Jesus, offering religious services to Spanish, mestizos and blacks since the second half of the seventeenth century, in 1705 became the parish vicar in capite headquarters, replacing the cathedral of Campeche today. By then, the parish church was brown and black. In 1685, pirates Gramont Laurent Graff and razed the village, taking with it all jewelry, paintings, sculptures and images that told the church, besides destroying the altar and the parish archives. By 1901, the then administrator of the diocese Valerio Couto, made the construction of the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, where he placed the image of the Blessed Trinity, and restored the altar.

Description The parish is an austere building, property of the Franciscans. Its thick masonry walls are reinforced by large buttresses topped with battlements, the smaller were built in the sixteenth century and the highest and pointed in the seventeenth century, giving the appearance of a fortress. Its main facade has no decoration but below the belfry window to locate coronary changed probably in the nineteenth century with the construction of the bracket with neo-classical details, "and the main entrance with an arch. The building has a single nave divided into five sections by pilasters with capitals and arches that support the thrust of the roof. Inside the chancel is roofed with a barrel vault and the rest of the ship with a lattice of wooden beams. The chancel is separated from the rest of the ship by a series of


steps inside the main altar is to be appreciated in a simple neoclassical style cypress wood, probably nineteenth century genre that is introduced to Mexico during the viceroyalty. At his side is the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, which houses an altarpiece of the same style. The ship has two altars, one dated in 1901 and the other dedicated to the Holy Trinity in 1902, both also in neoclassical style. On the south side of the temple stands the confessional and the pulpit. There are three altars, two of Baroque style, which is a style characteristic of Solomon, named for the contouring of the trunk of his columns, and the third, without a defined style, dated 1786. The church has crystal chandeliers, marble floor and a table which represents the Trinity and the Archangel Gabriel in purgatory, dated June 1659. The whole construction is surrounded by a trellis porch, which further increases his appearance of strength.

Location Located on the corner of Calle 55 to 12, a few hundred meters from the Cathedral, the historic city center of Campeche.

Santa Ana

Yucatan Governor Don Antonio Figueroa, who takes office on December 24, 1725, should the construction of churches dedicated to Our Lady Santa Ana in Merida and Campeche. When he died the 10 August 1735 in one of his properties in the interior of the peninsula, is buried in the Church of Santa Ana in Merida. However, at the time of his death the church was completed hearty Santa Ana, reason for leaving in his will 500 pesos in order to finish the dome that was all that was missing. The church was completed on July 26, 1732. Originally the church was dedicated to Our Lady of Santa Ana, but it is not known at what point it becomes the principal cult of Our Lady of Sorrows, whose image is on the altar, and it is this virgin who carried festivities in May. The celebrations in his honor were famous years ago by their unions and trimmings to base of the flower on the bush, even in competition with those made by Mr de San Román in September. For many years the church remained without a resident priest, only on special occasions are celebrated liturgical ceremonies, so that in 1962 the church was given to the Friars Minor of the order of San Francisco to take charge of it.

Description Its construction is simple, single vaulted nave and two aisles. The facade of this temple has a semicircular access point that is the coral window iron balconies and


topped with a belfry with two bodies. The first has two bays that hold small bells and the second carries a clock, finishing with three pinnacles. The entire building is embattled and excels its semi-circular dome topped by a lantern. In the early twentieth century, the church had an atrium that was subsequently destroyed. The interior is distinguished in the background, behind the main altar in a niche, the scene of the descent of Christ, and a gold altarpiece decorated with niches, pilasters simple and chandeliers. Also had a series of retablos that served as small shrines which were destroyed as well as the high altar which was built by Don Manuel Rosado in the 30's. In this same period several religious works were lost as it was a painting of the crucifixion and at his feet the souls in purgatory, crystal chandeliers, paintings of the Passion, Christ of the Column, a painful and other religious objects.

Location Street is located in Argentina by Coahuila and Veracruz, facing the Town Square of Santa Ana, City of Campeche.

Santa Lucia

There is very little information about the Santa Lucia, and consequently of his parish, it is likely that the first church was a chapel covered with palm leaves that are used to celebrate the divine. The inhabitants of the district of Santa Lucia were evangelized by Father Luis de Villalpando, who did much of their work of evangelization in Campeche. The church of Santa Lucia was built by Father Valerio Couto, was inaugurated and blessed as a hermitage on January 22, 1893, granted the rank of church on 13 December 1974, dedicated to Santa Lucia, hence the name of the neighborhood . In the early twentieth century, between 1910 and 1912, Campeche was hit by a terrible epidemic of smallpox, this temple served as a medical clinic because of their remoteness from the city, to prevent contagion. Right side of the temple was a cemetery where they were buried many of the infected.

Description This is a typical temple, with the Franciscan style which prevailed in most of the churches of Campeche. Its main façade access consists of a keystone arch supported on Tuscan columns, crowned by a choir window and on top of a steeple on a mixtilinear in which there are four bays of arch by way of bell. On both sides of the steeple can be seen pyramidal finials. The cover feature is stone sober, with


side walls supported on buttresses. The interior is simple, it is a single nave with vaulted ceiling beams by way of barrel vaults.

Location Located on Avenida 14 and Calle Cuauhtémoc by 101 in the Santa Lucia of the City of Campeche.

Guadalupe

This ancient temple was first dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe, after it was raised in Guadalupe, a figure that appears in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville. However, there are versions that say that this chapel was dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe Villuercas, Extremadura Spain which, interestingly, has some similar characteristics to that of Tepeyac. It is reported that in 1575 Don Pedro Martín de Bonilla started the construction of the chapel, according to reports received by the Bishop of Yucatán Don Gregorio de Montalvo, where we explain its existence from January 6, 1582. The church was completed and consecrated in 1660, according to the inscription found on the side of it.

Description The building was constructed with techniques of gravel, which is the use of fragments of stones and filling material. Its structure is simple, flat facade with a main entrance consisting of an arched window and coral, ending in a simple belfry. On your left side with a bell tower with two bodies divided by a cornice with a dome surmounted by a cross. The interior consists of a single ship in the form of a Latin cross with ceiling beams, smooth walls supported by buttresses along the ship uproots arches with floral motifs in gold. In the background a small altar is located in the rear features paintings alluding to the appearance of the Virgin of Guadalupe on the hill of Tepeyac, which were made by Toral Luis Gonzalez.

Location On the street is forty-seven, between 10 B and Avenue Miguel German, in the Barrio de Guadalupe de la Ciudad de Campeche.


Civil Bouldings


Tukulna

La Casa de Artesanías "Tukulná"(house of thought) houses exhibition halls with different types of state natural crafts such as pottery Tepakán, the hammocks, the development of hippie hats and other palm.The report also presents the audience dresses, books, canned goods, wooden handicrafts, stone works, not to mention the fine work done in bull horn, similar to its consistency, is an ideal replacement for the shell of the hawksbill turtle, which is in danger of extinction.It is a space dedicated to preserving the customs, traditions and popular artistic expressions of hearty people. Here you can purchase the finest pieces, the brainchild and inspiration of the artisan.

Mansion Carvajal

In the street 10, a former Commerce Street lies one of the most beautiful examples of nineteenth century civil architecture. Belonged to Mr. Rodrigo Carvajal Iturralde also owns Hacienda de Uayamón. Currently under renovation.Its main features are reminiscent of Moorish arches and grand marble staircase.

Casa del Teniente del Rey.

In the city came to be built four of these houses are characterized by two columns embedded in the facade, one on each side of the access gate. In these living representatives of the governor of the Peninsula when the Province was absent and thus came to be representatives of the King of Spain. The houses are located in the Historic Center in the streets 59, 14, 51.

Casa 6.

Dating back to the eighteenth century, however, its façade changes to the nineteenth century. As a historical fact, this house was inhabited probably by Don Francisco de Montejo Son. Originally covering up the corner of Hidalgo Street Trade Street, and continued the Trade (now Calle 57 X 10), until the twentieth


century the property was divided, the houses being built today are seen in this corner. In 1998, the building almost in ruins is rescued and restored by the State Government, under the supervision of the INAH (National Institute of Anthropology and History). Despite being fragmented, this home provides a clearer picture of the typical residence of the upper classes in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Today this building serves as a cultural center, commonly known as the House No. 6, which through information technology, setting out its main sites and monuments in the state pre-Hispanic and colonial city. The atmosphere inside the house fails to reflect the customs of the inhabitants of upper class in the late nineteenth century Campeche using it mostly replicas of furniture and accessories common to that time, however you can see some antiques as the table that is in the kitchen, porcelain vases found on a corner that is the style of Old Paris, 4 white porcelain figurines called Bisquit exhibited in the courtroom and represent the four seasons, and others that are on other furniture. It is noteworthy that in this type of houses were also used hammocks, but being from a wealthy family, took off early and were kept in the closet or in a trunk.

Description The property consists of a level, its simple facade features four windows and a framed access door jambs consist of two boxed pilasters and a lintel of quarry that continues the design of boxing at the bottom, above the head is a crown carved stone topped by a tympanum of mixed lines, all topped by a stone cross. On both sides there are two pinnacles tympani-like Cover to enter the courtyard of the Cathedral. The windows have overalls, bases and huge wrought iron gates, all characteristic elements of local architecture since the eighteenth century. The board which way the tops frieze, is a subsequent change to the rest of the facade. The capiespacio (dome shape) on the gate inside the hall is molded by an arc of mixed lines (Moorish). From here we get to a corridor that extends in an arched gallery of mixed lines on granite columns surrounding a central courtyard. Stained wood and stained glass covering the arches. A series of rooms open to the corridor. In the background, in the south, is the kitchen which still retains its burner and smoke shot, typical of the colonial era. Behind is the backyard.

Boulevards


Malecon

This monumental work, a place of rest and family life, symbolizes the final takeoff into the new greatness of Campeche that many generations will enjoy and will no doubt be taken as an architectural model in many places.The boardwalk runs from Justo Sierra Méndez monument to Avenida Joaquin Musel, a length of almost 3.5 kilometers being inaugurated on August 10, 2000.It has two three-lane roads, one way low speed two-lane, three pedestrian crossings and a central median of six meters wide, also has a track cycling and skating, and more to trot, from beginning to work and beautiful balconies that were built in the recreation areas that have become gathering places for families who come to enjoy the sea breeze and sunsets hearty praise.

Squares & parks


Parque principal

Al fundar Francisco de Montejo "el Mozo" la villa de San Francisco de Campeche, destina un sitio para la Plaza de Armas a partir del cual se trazarían las calles y sería el núcleo principal de las actividades religiosas, políticas, militares y sociales de la villa; sin embargo ésta plaza no era más que un espacio vacío sin empedrar y así continuó hasta 1663, aproximadamente.

Para el año de 1812 con la promulgación de la Constitución de Cádiz, Fernando VII decreta que la plaza principal de todos los pueblos españoles fuera denominada en lo sucesivo "Plaza de la Constitución", cumpliendo esta orden es colocada una placa con dicha inscripción y destruida la picota. Dos años más tarde, el mismo rey declara nula dicha Constitución y manda separar la lápida del lugar, volviéndose a colocar en 1820 por decreto del mismo monarca. En 1829 se mandó quitar la placa sustituyéndose por la de "Plaza de la Independencia, Año de 1821", para conmemorar la separación de México del dominio español.

Descripción

Consiste en una plaza cuadrada rodeada por muros bajos sobre los que se levantan rejas de hierro forjado. En cada una de las esquinas y al centro de cada lado se encuentran puertas de acceso flanqueadas por pilares con relieves geométricos que rematan con jarrones. Su interior presenta dos calles o "vueltas" separadas por arriates con flores y árboles, y se comunican entre sí por medio de calles trazadas a partir de cada una de las entradas al recinto, hacia el centro de la plaza, donde se encuentra un kiosco. Éste cuenta con base de mampostería y techo de lámina, con amplios aleros que forman corredores con bancas hechas también de mampostería. En la parte superior del centro del kiosco hay una especie de terraza con balcón.


Documents

Proyecto Ingles Campeche