Proving Trials Using Hybrid fuel cell Test Train “HYBARI”

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©2021 East Japan Railway Company. All Rights Reserved.

Proving Trials Using Hybrid（fuel cell）Test Train “HYBARI”

SHOICHI OOIZUMIDirector, Technology Innovation HeadquartersDirector General, R&D Center of JR East Group

EAST JAPAN RAILWAY COMPANY

May 19 (Wed), 2021Japan-Norway Webinar Series 2021Sustainable Hydrogen Value Chains

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Contents

1 About JR East

2 History of fuel cell train development

3 Development and Demonstration test of fuel cell train

4 For the future

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■ Network length(Shinkansen)(Conventional lines)

7,401.7km(1,194.2km)(6,207.5km)

■ # of rolling stock(EMU for conventional lines)(DMU)

12,966(10,608)(517)

■ Non-electrified

■ DMU/conventional EMU 4.7%

Data as of Mar. 2019

1,975.4km

■ Non-electrified/Total conventional lines 31.5%

■ CO2 emission (FY 2018)Conventional EMUDMU

990k-t70k-t (7%)

Environmental load of rolling stock in JR East

Niigata

Tokyo

Akita

Sendai

Shinkansen

Conventional

SG track lines for through

operation

Shin-Aomori

Shinjo

Joetsumyoko

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In-house power generation

Renewable energy

Distribution of energy supply and demand in JR East

Purchased power

Energy to drive the train

Power transmission

3.96billion kWh

1.01billion kWh

0.88

billion kWh

(56%）

2.56 billion kWh(44%）

Energy consumption of JR East group=5.86 billion kWh

68%

Regenerative energy absorption

Energy storage

Energy supply

Energy consumed at stations

Stores in JRE group companies / stations

etc

From JR East Sustainability Report 2020

・Thermal power plant

1.92 billion kWh・Hydroelectric power plant

1.37 billion kWh

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©2021 East Japan Railway Company. All Rights Reserved. 5

Transition of railway power → Next energy

Steam LocomotiveEfficiency about 10%

Electrified

Diesel hybrid(HB-E300series)

Efficiency about 50%ACCUM

Efficiency about 50～60%

Diesel train(110series）

Efficiency about 40%

Non-electrified

Electric train(E231,E235series）

Efficiency about 60～75%

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Contents

1 About JR East



4 For the future

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“ 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Diesel hybrid

Fuel cell hybrid

Catenary and battery hybrid

★2007.7 ★2010.12

★2014.3 ★2017.3

Development and test run

Problems of fuel cell train・High cost and low stability of FC and subsystems・Lack of hydrogen storage volume・Short life of FC device・Application to laws and technical standards

History of hybrid train development in JR East since “NE Train”

KIHA-E200 HB-E300

Smart Dench-kun EV-E301

EV-E801

Commercial trains “ACCUM”



Commercial trainsNE Train

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Laws of METI jurisdiction

Legal issues in applying high pressure H2 gas for train

法律

省令（規則）

告示

通達

Application to road vehicles

- High Pressure Gas Safety Act and related regulation, ministerial ordinance, etc.->Technical standards for FCV fuel storage has already included

Laws of MLIT Jurisdiction

- Road transport vehicle act and related regulation, ministerial ordinance, etc.->Rules about FCV has already been defined

Application to trains

- Railway business act and related regulation, ministerial ordinance, interpretation criteria, etc.

->No special rules to utilize high pressure H2 gas for trains

・ High Pressure Gas Safety Act and related regulations, ministerial ordinance, etc.-> No special rules to apply for trains as energy source*

- Rules are necessary to apply high pressure H2 gas for trains

- Requires the verification of data of FC train by demonstration test

* There are rules applying only for freight rolling stock conveying high pressure H2 gas

Laws of METI jurisdiction

Laws of MLIT Jurisdiction

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(Regulation for safety about General High Pressure Gas) ＜Consumption＞

To prohibit high-pressure hydrogen gas usage within 5m at the place of fire

(Regulation for safety about General High Pressure Gas) ＜Specific High Pressure Gas Consumption＞

To prohibit setting-up of high pressure hydrogen gas equipment at places near Protected Properties.

Protected Property（Station with over 20k

passengers.）

Safety distance

・When using high-pressure hydrogen, it must be kept conformity of the High Pressure Gas Safety Act ・ Automotive industry spent a decade to deregulate the law by technical verification

Safety distance

Legal and technical standards for fuel cell train

Train

Fire source（Catenary）

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Technical problems of fuel cell hybrid train

①Evaluation of compressed hydrogen

tank for railcars

③The development of FC control technology

・Optimization of the fuel supply to cells

・Optimum energy control method in fuel

consumption and fuel cell life (applied

existing diesel hybrid train technology）・System configuration of cooling system

④The development of hydrogen filling control

・Control technology in short time filling

ＤＣ／ＤＣConverter

Hydrogentank

Fuel cell

Oxygen

Power generation

ＶＶＶＦInverter

Wheel

Auxiliary power supplyCooling

Battery

Reference：TOYOTA Motor Corporation HP

Vs. automobile

(Correspondence to

the railcar)

・Large capacity

hydrogen storage

・ Filling in a short

period

②Large capacity hydrogen storage for

train

Legal obstacles: Technical evaluation is necessary to get special

approval from the government

Issues after demonstration tests

（ ground facilities ・cost etc）Future works

Evaluation and special approval for the use

of 70MPa hydrogen tank for automobile

Tractionmotor

Tractionmotor

Wheel

Reference：TOYOTA Motor Corporation HP

・Designing system suitable for train

・Verification by demonstration tests

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Simulation of hydrogen release高

低・The ignition limit for hydrogen is a concentration of 4%.If there is "fire (overhead wire)" at a concentration of 4%, there is a risk of ignition.

When hydrogen is released from the hydrogen tank at the time of abnormality, the discharge position is examined by simulation so that the concentration does not reach 4% in the overhead wire area.

Area with

overhead wire

Location of

hydrogen

release in an

emergency

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Demonstration test of parts for fuel cell train

Body mount

Type of tank fixing Roof top piping unit

FEM analysisVibration test on roof top

piping unit

●Conducted a vibration test (JIS E4031*) on the prototype unit (the use of automobile tanks)

*Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment – Shock and vibration tests

● Simulation of passenger‘s influence

when hydrogen is released from fuel

container in emergency situationHydrogen

concentration

High

Low

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Contents

1 About JR East



4 For the future

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©2021 East Japan Railway Company. All Rights Reserved. 13

Hydrogen tank unit

Fuel cell device

Power converter(VVVF+CH)

Main circuit batteries

About fuel cell test vehicle FV-E991SERIES“HYBARI”

Hydrogen tank unit

Fuel cell device

(TOYOTA)

H2

O2

Power

converter

Main circuit batteries

Motor

MotorWheel

Wheel

Auxiliary

power

supplyPower generation

◆Type of tank：Carbon fiber composite tanks

◆Installation location：rooftop

◆Maximum pressure：70MPa

◆Storage volume ：1000liters(600Nm3)

◆FC Output ：60kW×4

Hybrid drive system (HITACHI)

-Railroad vehicle designand manufacturing technology

-Hybrid drive system technology

-Hybrid drive system

technology

-Fuel Cell

device

DC / DC

converter

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Tsurumi

Nakahara train depot- Monthly inspection, daily inspection, repair- Fueling at 35MPa-Installation of firefighting equipment to meet the law・Fire Service Act・High Pressure Gas Safety Act

Musashi-Nakahara

Shitte

Hamakawasaki

Ogimachi

Yokohama city

Kawasaki city

Tsurumi line operation depot- Daily inspection, train storage- Fueling at 35MPa

Ogimachi station.(mobile fueling station)- Fueling at 70MPa- Agreed to collaborate

with JR Freight and Showa Denko45MPa cylinders

70MPa H2 mobile fueling station

Demonstration test plan

Tsurumi line

Nambuline

Executed on Tsurumi line and a part of Nanbuline in Kanagawa pref.

45MPa cylinders

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Contents

1 About JR East



4 For the future

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1 Performance whlie fueling- Temperature control of large volume H2 storage

2 Cooperation of H2 production and supply - Proper capacity for H2 fueling station for FCV on railway

3 Introduction of regulation for fueling facility for railways- Regulation dedicated for railway operation has not existed yet- Fueling station out of operation during periodical maintenance

Challenges on Railway Facilities

Demonstration test will be done only with mobile-fueling automobiles . (No on-site hydrogen station)

Through the test using actual FC train, technical conditions and constraints will be studied for future design of railway facilities and regulations.

Items to be considered during the demonstration test

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Summary and Schedule

Summary

Schedule for demonstration tests

・By using hydrogen as a fuel, we expect realization of energy diversity to

secure energy acquisition toward the future, and the reduction of CO2

emissions.

・ Series FV-E991, hybrid (fuel cell) test train, will be introduced:

with 2cars（1M1T）

・Demonstration tests of Series FV-E991 on commercial lines will begin from

FY2021.

・The verification of safety, environmental performance and vehicle

・We will collect data for future practical use, such as：-the optimization of the fuel cell technology

-the investigation of the technical development items related to railway facilities.

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Decarbonization at Kawasaki Thermal Power

Station

Development of renewable energy

power sources

Developed aiming for a total output

of 1 million kW or more

CO2-free hydrogen power generation

and supply

• Challenge to “substantially zero” CO2 emissions in 2050（FY2051） for the entire JR East Group

• Aiming for further improvement of environmental superiority and realization of a sustainable society

with technology related decarbonization.

Solar / wind power generation /

Solar heat, geothermal heat, sewage

heat, Biogas system

Cogeneration system

District heating and cooling / fuel cell

Realization of energy

management that integrates

supply and demand

Utilization of hydrogen

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Zero Carbon Challenge 2050

Installation of environmental and

energy technologies in the

Shinagawa development project

FY2050

Net zero

FY2019

Fuel cell

railroad

vehicle

Energy

saving

vehicle

Hydropower

Carbon

neutral LNG

power

generation

Hydrogen

power

generationFuel cell

vehicle

Fuel cell

bus

Stationary

fuel cell

Storage

battery

railroad

vehicle

Solar

powerWind-power

generation

Hydrogen

station

Electric

vehicle

Fuel cell

vehicle

CO2-free

hydrogen

2.45 million tons

Onshore wind

power

Offshore wind

power

Solar power

Carbon

dioxide

emissions

Fuel Cell Vehicles

Fuel Cell Buses Hydrogen Station

Documents

Proving Trials Using Hybrid fuel cell Test Train “HYBARI”