Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science ...€¦ · Concepts Applied –A Cold Case Study Nazarbayev University Research Animal Facility Astana, Kazakhstan . ... Khan

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities

By

E. Scott Kreitlein, AIA LEED APDanielle Henry, Laboratory Planner

Learning Objectives

1. Sustainable planning & design concepts that benefit the typical vivarium

2. Advancements in equipment & technology typically found in life sciences laboratory environments, and how the incorporation of this equipment impacts the overall sustainability plan of the building

3. The importance of detailed analysis of workflow, standard operating procedure, and innovative engineering approaches to optimize energy conservation

4. Understand the unique design concepts associated with planning a life science related project in an extremely harsh climate


AGENDA

BackgroundConcepts & StrategiesSystems & MaterialsEquipment & TechnologyOperationsConcepts Applied


Background


Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Background

Scientific FactLimited ResourcesEnvironmental ImpactEconomic FactorsPolitical Discourse

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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

United States

Europe & Eurasia

China

India

Rest of World

Rest of Asia

Rest of Americas

Global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions 1980- 2019(billion metric tons)

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy StatisticsGreta Thunberg – Youth Environmental Activist

Buildings account for 40% of total national energy usageLighting, heating, cooling, appliances, equipment, circulation

Life Science Building Energy Consumption 3 to 4 times higher than an office building2/3 of the energy used in a laboratory related to meeting ACH

Vivarium Energy Consumption1.5 to 2.5 times more energy than traditional science facilities

2030 ChallengeCurrently at 40%Goal

▪ 50% reduction in Embodied Carbon Emissions by 2030▪ Zero Embodied Carbon Emissions by 2050

Today 2025 20302050

The 2030 Challenge forEmbodied Carbon

Building, Infrastructure & Materials

Reduction

Embodied Carbon Emissions


Extract Raw Material

Transport

Manufacture Building Material

Transport to the siteBuild

Operate

End of Life

Embodied Energy & Carbon

Embodied Carbon Emission

The amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere from creating & maintaining the materials that form buildings

e.g. the carbon dioxide released from the baking of bricks or smelting of iron.


10%2%

5%

48%9%

4%

22%

ManufacturingTransportationEnd-of-Life ManagementRaw Material ExtractionBuildTransport to siteOperations

Concepts & Strategies



Goals & ObjectivesGuidelines & RecommendationsLocal & Regional Energy CodesRisk AnalysisStandard Operating ProceduresBiosafety & BiosecurityNet Zero Carbon Footprint



Sustainability in Life Science Facilities has become the norm

Why?

CostCodesCulture


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50

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Building Type

Source: Inventory of Carbon & Energy Database

Energy Use Index Per Building Type

EUI

(En

ergy

Use

Ind

ex)

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Concepts & Strategies

Laboratories53%

8%3% 7% 21%

4%

3%1%

Laboratory Energy Usage

Heating Cooling

Ventilation Other

Lighting Refrigeration

Office Equipment Water Heating

64% HVAC

Concepts to Consider

Embodied energy useLife cycle & return on investmentCarbon generationWaste managementRecycle programsTransportationProduct Sources

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Concepts & Strategies

Concepts to Consider, cont.

Passive designEnvironmental impactInterior atmosphereMaintenance, repair & replacementDurabilityFunctionality

Elements of Passive Building Design

Solar orientation Solar Water Heating

Airtight Construction Efficient Air Conditioning

Heavy Insulation Building shape

High-efficiency windows/doors Vegetation type & placement

Shading devices Wind breaks


Systems & Materials

Environmentally responsible systems & materials in vivarium are:

Acquired locallyHigh in recycled contentProduced efficientlyPart of a recycling planFunctional & durableNatural…where possibleCompliant w/ the “Guide”Support the safety & welfare of both man & animal

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Systems & Materials

Consider the embodied carbon foot print

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Alu

min

um

Fib

ergl

ass

Bra

ss

Lead

Zin

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Vin

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Insu

lati

on

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ent

Gla

ss

Cer

amic

s

Pla

ster

bo

ard

Tim

ber

Bri

cks

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ncr

ete

Stra

w

Sto

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Kg

CO

2/K

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Building Material

The Embodied Carbon of Building Materials

Source: Inventory of Carbon & Energy Database

StructureArchitectureHVACWater & SanitationBuilding AutomationEquipment & Technology


Structure

Division 3 – Reinforced ConcreteRecycled concrete - w/ fly ash, furnish slag per EPA guidelines

Structural tubes – post consumer recycled paper

Division 4 –MasonryCMU - recycled material fly ash, wood fiber & polystyrene

Division 5 - SteelRecycled Steel - highly energy-intensive

Division 6 – Wood & Plastics

Structural Fiberboard - 80-100% recovered materials

Plastics – High recycled content

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Materials & Products

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0.5

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1.5

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4.5

Materials Construction End-of-Life Mat'ls + Const.+ EOL

Ene

rgy

(10

4TJ

)

Life Cycle Phases

Steel vs. Concrete Frame Building:Whole Building Life-cycle Energy Consumption

Building w/ Steel Frame Building w/ Concrete Frame

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Materials & Products

29%

3%7%

25%

10%

21%

5%

Embodied Energy Fit Out

Interior Partitions

Interior Doors

Wall Finishes

Floor Finishes

Ceilings

Furniture

Casework

Architecture

Division 7 – Thermal & Moisture ProtectionFire Protection Steel - contain 75% recycled slag (rock) by weight

Structural tubes – post consumer recycled paper

Division 8 – Doors & WindowsHollow metal doors & frames - 30% recycled content

Division 9 - FinishesEpoxy Floors - recycled glass up to 12% of recycled content

Division 10 - SpecialtiesShower & toilet compartments - recycled plastic or steel

Division 11 – EquipmentLaboratory equipment or casework -recycled product or constructed of stainless steel materials w/ 10–30% recycled content

Metal casework - 30–40% recycled content

Architecture


Finishes

Maximum recycled content w/o compromising on

…the research objective…compliance w/ the guidelines…durability…sanitation…sterilization…aesthetics…indoor air quality

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning

Drivers

▪ High-energy use▪ Operating costs - decrease energy bills▪ Building codes▪ Directional Airflow▪ Humidity requirements▪ Redundancy▪ Develop a strategy early

53%

8%

3%7% 21%

4%

3%

1%

Laboratory Energy Usage

Heating Cooling

Ventilation Other

Lighting Refrigeration

Office Equipment Water Heating


Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, cont.

Strategies

▪ Exhaust Air Heat Recovery▪ Low Pressure Drop Design▪ Demand Control Ventilation▪ Right-Sizing Ventilation



Exhaust Air Heat Recovery

▪ Enthalpy Wheel• Cross contamination• Maintenance issues - moving parts• 70-78% efficient





▪ Plate Exchanger• Minimal cross contamination• Minimal maintenance – cleaning• 55-65% efficient





▪ Plate Exchanger• Minimal cross contamination• Minimal maintenance – cleaning• 55-65% efficient

▪ Heat Pipe• No cross contamination• Minimal maintenance – cleaning• 55-60% efficient


Heat In

Heat Out

Low Pressure Drop Design

▪ Lower resistance in the distribution system ▪ Smaller fan sizes = larger ductwork▪ More raw material

• sheet metal• support elements• structure – steel or concrete

▪ Floor to floor heights▪ Higher initial costs




Demand Control Ventilation

▪ Ventilation based on need▪ Passive

• Based on occupancy• Relies on user interface• Low cost solution• Limited savings

▪ Active• Based on technology• Relies on sensors• Installation & maintenance costs• Return on investment



Right Sizing Ventilation

▪ Airflow optimization• AHU sizing• Duct size• Flow control


Water & Sanitation

Grey water storage & use

Equipment cycles

Hydrogen Peroxide Sanitation• Cleans• Sterilizes• Minimal surface degradation• Non-toxic


Open pen pre-wash, irrigation, flushing toilets, heat reclamation


Equipment & Technology

Equipment & Technology

Energy Star for efficiencyAir particulate monitoringWater ConsumptionLighting Building Automation


L.E.D. Lighting

Energy CostsMaintenanceHeating LoadLight Quality

Useful Light energy = 90 J

LEDlightbulb

Wasteful heat energy = 10 J

Useful Light energy = 20 J

Wasteful heat energy = 80 JIncandescent

lightbulb

Total Energy Input = 100 J (Joules) of electrical Energy


Building Automation System – monitor, measure, & control

▪ Air particulate▪ Fume hoods▪ HVAC systems▪ Personnel access▪ ACH rate▪ Lighting & shading devices▪ Room climate –

• Temperature• Airflow• Humidity


Courtesy of Building Efficiency for a Sustainable Tomorrow & Siemens


Operations

Cage processing cyclesBased upon efficacy tests

Cage typesMulti-use or Single-use Static, IVCMaterial

Personal Protection EquipmentCloth or paper

Animal Water supplyAutomatic or Bottles

Maintenance & UpkeepPeak operational efficiency

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Operations


Concepts Applied – A Cold Case Study

Nazarbayev University Research Animal FacilityAstana, Kazakhstan

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science Facilities Concepts Applied

Project Location

Astana (Nur-Sultan)

Astana (Nur-Sultan), Kazakhstan

Name change March 2019Population of 1.08 million Second Most Remote Capital in the worldOil & gas based economy

ClimateHottest month July (69oF avg)Coldest month January (5o F avg)Wettest month July (.39” avg)Windiest month December (10 mph avg)Annual precip. 2.06”(per year)


Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan- Kazakhstan’s capital city – 2nd coldest in the world- Population: 1.08 million (2019)- Age: 22 years old

Baiterek Tower- 330 feet tall


Astana, KazakhstanNur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

National Headquarters of Kaz Munay Gas Company


Astana, Kazakhstan

Khan Shatyr Entertainment CenterArchitect: Norman FosterWorld’s largest tent


Nazarbayev University- Founded 2010- Student Population – 4, 836


Nazarbayev University - Main Atrium

Nazarbayev University

Nur-Sultan (Astana)


Project Location

Astana International Airport

Nazarbayev University Research Animal Facility

Location: Astana (Nur-Sultan), KazakhstanSize: 40,000 gsf in two levels w/ interstitial space above the first level and penthouse

Site: Nazarbayev UniversityResearch Directive:

Veterinary Surgical Research

Translational ResearchMicrobiology StudiesPharmacology

Design Requirements: ABSL-3 ProtocolsDesign Services Provided:

Programming & Design Development

Project Site


NORTH

Main Atrium

Project Site

25 rabbits, housed one per cage

3,400 research mice & 600 stock mice housed 5/cage in IVC racks

200 nude mice, housed 5/cage in IVC racksBarrier protocols

1,200 research rats & 50 stock rats housed in IVC racks

2nd Floor

Calves included in the future

4 dogs, housed in open pens, in single roomABSL-2 protocols

4 pigs, housed in open pens, in single room ABSL-2 protocols

5 sheep, housed in open pens, in single room

ABSL-2 protocols

1st Floor


Animal Species

Large and Small AnimalsABSL-2 ProtocolsRodents in IVC’sLarge animals in open pensLocally supplied


Program - 1st Floor- 20,000 sf

Building SupportBuilding Support

Admin/StaffAnimal Surgery

Animal Holding

Main Entrance Loading Dock

Vertical Circulation


Program -2nd Floor- 20,000 sf Building

Support

Admin/Staff

Animal Holding Cash

Processing

Animal Procedure

Animal Procedure

Vertical Circulation

Spaces - 1st Floor

- Large Animal Housing- Surgical Suite- Animal Recovery- Quarantine- Diagnostic Lab- Locker Rooms


SPACE TYPE LEGEND


SPACE TYPE LEGEND

Spaces – 2nd Floor

- Rodent Housing- Cage Processing- Behavior Suite- Quarantine- Procedure Rooms- Biochemistry Lab- Staff Offices- Locker Room

Cold Climate Considerations

Temperature deviationsSnow & ice accumulationInsulation R valuesThermal breaksBuilding envelopeHVAC system


Programmatic Recommendations

▪ Efficient layout & circulation▪ Maximize local material & equipment▪ Reduce cage processing cycles▪ Extensive recycling program▪ Grey water system▪ VHP sanitation▪ Wash & recycle PPE program


Architectural Recommendations

▪ Passive Solar Design• Wind shielding • Solar orientation

▪ Rectilinear footprint▪ Use of local natural materials ▪ High insulation values▪ Detailing thermal breaks▪ Interior loading dock▪ Energy efficient windows & doors▪ Limited exterior openings▪ Group locations of utility penetrations


HVAC Considerations

Basis▪ A cold, dry, predominately heating climate▪ Space temperature = 23.9oC (75oF)▪ Design humidity = 30% min.

ObservationsCentral Chilled Water System is not recommended• Limited use – less the 25% of the year• Susceptible to freezing

Refrigerant-based, split system cooling system isrecommended• Adaptable• Supports precise temperature control for multiple individual

zones

Radiant heating in along perimeter in non-lab/vivarium zones


HVAC Recommendations

Energy RecoveryWater Based System• Hydronic loop to recover waste heat from lab & vivarium spaces• Propylene glycol to prevent freezing• Target 50% effectiveness• No odor & contamination transfer• Supports a variety of system configurations

Heat-pipe system an acceptable alternative

Administration Environments air to be recirculated• Lab & vivarium air - single pass thru

Link exhaust canopy hoods w/ the washing cycles


Energy Conservation Recommendation Summary

1. Passive sustainable site design2. High insulation values3. High efficiency systems4. Detail given to thermal breaks5. Interior Loading Dock6. Extended cage change times7. Water based heat recovery system8. Occupancy sensors9. Modulation of supply & exhaust w/ VFDs

10. Recirculate air11. Radiant heating loop around perimeter12. Extensive BAS monitoring & control13. Grey water system


Questions?


Documents

Proven Sustainability Concepts Applied to Life Science ...€¦ · Concepts Applied –A Cold Case Study Nazarbayev University Research Animal Facility Astana, Kazakhstan . ... Khan