QUESTIONS. What is the goal of the Renaissance? How did
Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic art differ from that of classical
art?
Slide 3
The Renaissance Timeline and Movements of the Renaissance Proto
and Early Renaissance (ca. 1200 to 1400 mostly Northern Italy) The
High Renaissance (1495 to 1527) The Venetian Renaissance (1450 to
1600) The Late Renaissance and Mannerism (1527 to 1600) The
Northern Renaissance (1325 to 1600) Three factors to be considered?
1. Where did this take place? 2. Why were people thinking
differently? 3. How did the art change? What does renaissance mean
and why did it get this name? NOTE: NOTHING IN THIS PRESENTATION IS
ACTUALY RENAISSANCE ART.
Slide 4
Major Cities of the Renaissance Rome Naples Venice Sicily Siena
Florence Pisa is where we begin
Slide 5
Proto Renaissance Italy - Pisa Nicola Pisano (active 1258 to
1278)
Slide 6
Proto Renaissance Italy - Pisa Nicola Pisano Pulpit of the Pisa
Cathedral Baptistery (1259 to 1260)
Slide 7
Madonna Enthroned
Slide 8
Proto Renaissance Italy - Florence Ciambue (1240 to 1302) The
Italo-Byzantine style, or maniera greca (Greek Style or Greek
Manner), still characterizes the art of Cenni di Pepo, better known
by his nickname, Ciambue. Giorgio Vasari would write: Cimabue was
to shed the first light on the art of painting. Precursor to the
precursor
Slide 9
Proto Renaissance Italy - Florence Byzantine heritage is
apparent (FFFG) Depth is created, but multiple viewpoints Elongated
figures still present Ciambue Madonna Enthroned w. Angels &
Prophets (1280 to 1290) Four Old Testament Prophets: Isaiah,
Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel
Slide 10
Proto Renaissance Italy - Florence Giotto di Bondone (1266 to
1337) Renowned in his own day, his reputation has never faltered.
Regardless of the other influences on his artistic style, his true
teacher was nature the world of visible things [he] recognized that
the visual world must be observed before it can be analyzed and
understood. #1 precursor to the Renaissance NEW TERM! Chiaroscuro
how artists create 3D figures
Slide 11
Proto Renaissance Italy - Florence Sculptural solidity and
substance Anatomical detail Figures are in their own world
Composition No linear perspective (yet), but the viewer is not
looking at this image straight on. Where are the Old Testament
Prophets? Giotto Madonna Enthroned (1310)
Slide 12
Proto Renaissance Italy - Florence Giotto The Arena Chapel
(1305 to 1306)
Slide 13
Proto Renaissance Italy - Florence Challenge? Projecting on a
flat surface the illusion of solid bodies moving through space.
Why? To construct the illusion of a body, one must create the
illusion of space well enough to contain that body. Inside the
Chapel? The cycle of Christian Redemption in 38 framed scenes
depicted on three levels: Top Level: Scenes from the lives of the
Virgin and her parents (Joachim and Anna) Middle Level: The life
and mission of Christ Bottom Level: Passion, Crucifixion, and
Resurrection of Christ What scene would you see as you left the
chapel? The Last Judgment Giotto The Arena Chapel (1305 to
1306)
Slide 14
Proto Renaissance Italy - Florence Giotto The Arena Chapel
(1305 to 1306) What are the two types of fresco we have discussed?
Why was the Chapel built? Enrico Scrovegni
Slide 15
What do you notice in this building that looks back to the
classical age? How is the story told in the Arena Chapel?
Slide 16
Lamentation scene from the Arena Chapel by Giotto (1305) Tree
of Knowledge of Good and Evil Virgin Mary John the Evangelist Mary
Magdalene
Slide 17
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Background the Maest: The
republics of Siena and Florence were two of the leading city states
of the 14th century Italy. The Sienese were particularly proud of
their victory over the Florentines at the battle of Monteperti in
1260, and believed the Virgin Mary had sponsored their triumph.
This belief reinforced Sienese devotion to the Virgin, which was
paramount in the religious life of the city. Sienese citizens could
boast of Sienas dedication to the Queen of Heaved and to honor the
Virgin, the Sienese commissioned Duccio to paint an immense
altarpiece for the Cathedral of Siena. Duccio Maest or the Virgin
Enthroned in Majesty (1308 to 1311)
Slide 18
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Duccio Maest or the Virgin
Enthroned in Majesty (1308 to 1311) Polyptych? Front - MaryBack -
Christ
Slide 19
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Duccio Maest or the Virgin
Enthroned in Majesty (1308 to 1311) FrontBack Early life of Mary
Death and ascent of Mary Holy Mother of God, be the cause of peace
to Siena and to the life of Duccio, because he painted thee,
thus.
Slide 20
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Duccio Maest or the Virgin
Enthroned in Majesty (1308 to 1311) Follows Byzantine tradition,
but lacks frontality Four local saints have individualized faces
Altarpiece for the Siena Cathedral prevents experimentation
Slide 21
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena How does the location change
what it will depict? Parts: 1. Bad Government and the Effects of
Bad Government in the City and the Country 2. Good Government and
the Effects of Good Government in the City and the Country Ambrogio
Lorenzetti Frescoes in Sienas Palazzo Pubblico Palazzo Pubblico -
Siena
Slide 22
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Ambrogio Lorenzetti Frescoes in
Sienas Palazzo Pubblico Good Government in the City
Slide 23
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Ambrogio Lorenzetti Frescoes in
Sienas Palazzo Pubblico Good Government in the Countryside
Slide 24
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Ambrogio Lorenzetti Frescoes in
Sienas Palazzo Pubblico Bad Government in the City
Slide 25
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Ambrogio Lorenzetti Frescoes in
Sienas Palazzo Pubblico Bad Government in the City
Slide 26
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena What did Martini do? He would
be instrumental in the formation of the International Style. -
Brilliant Colors - Ornamentation, decoration - Themes involving
processions Simone Martini
Slide 27
Proto Renaissance Italy - Siena Movement shown in Gabriels
cloth and wings Transalpine influence (Gothic frame) Lippo Memmi?
Simone Martini Annunciation Altarpiece (1333)