ProtistsProtists

Protist CharacteristicsProtist Characteristics

Live in Live in waterwater

EukaryoticEukaryotic

Most are Most are unicellularunicellular, , some are multicellular some are multicellular ((algaealgae))

Protist CharacteristicsProtist Characteristics

Some are Some are autotrophicautotrophic (can make own food); (can make own food); some are some are heterotrophicheterotrophic (cannot (cannot make own food)make own food)

Amoeba eating paramecium (other protist)

Photosynthetic euglena

Protist CharacteristicsProtist Characteristics

All can reproduce All can reproduce asexuallyasexually (by mitosis (by mitosis or binary fission); or binary fission); somesome are capable of are capable of sexual reproduction sexual reproduction (by (by conjugationconjugation))

(Remember the (Remember the different methods of different methods of asexual & sexual asexual & sexual reproduction?)reproduction?)

Asexual Asexual ReproductionReproduction

Sexual Sexual ReproductionReproduction

Binary fissionBinary fission Sexual Sexual intercourseintercourse

BuddingBudding PollinationPollination

RegenerationRegeneration

FragmentationFragmentation

Sexual or Asexual?Sexual or Asexual?

conjugation Binary fission

Protist CharacteristicsProtist Characteristics

Some have cells with Some have cells with contractile vacuolecontractile vacuole that help maintain that help maintain homeostasishomeostasis (can (can hold and expel fluid)hold and expel fluid)

Protists can be:Protists can be:1.1. Animal-like (Animal-like (protozoaprotozoa) – absorb or ) – absorb or

gather/capture foodgather/capture food Flagellates (or zooflagellates)Flagellates (or zooflagellates)- move by flagella- move by flagella

• Examples: ones that live in Examples: ones that live in termite intestinestermite intestines, , ones that cause ones that cause African Sleeping SicknessAfrican Sleeping Sickness

African Sleeping SicknessAfrican Sleeping Sickness

1. Tsetse fly carries the parasitic protist inside, and infects the host when it bites, allowing the protist into the bloodstream.

2. The protist multiplies among red blood cells, and spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream.

More Animal-like ProtistsMore Animal-like Protists SarcodinesSarcodines- uses - uses

pseudopods pseudopods to move to move and capture preyand capture prey• Example: Example: amoebaamoeba

((pseudopseudo means “false”, means “false”, podpod means “foot”)means “foot”)

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/movihttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/amegallery/pondscum/protozoa/amoeba/index.htmloeba/index.html

Brain-Eating Amoeba!Brain-Eating Amoeba!http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,399262,00.html

More Animal-like ProtistsMore Animal-like Protists

http://micro.magnet.fshttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pou.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/parndscum/protozoa/paramecium/index.htmlamecium/index.html

CiliatesCiliates- move/eat by - move/eat by cilia, has cilia, has oral grooveoral groove and and anal poreanal pore

• Example: parameciumExample: paramecium

More Animal-like ProtistsMore Animal-like Protists

SporozoansSporozoans- - parasiticparasitic, , reproduces by sporesreproduces by spores• Example: Example:

plasmodiumplasmodium (causes malaria)(causes malaria)

Plasmodium falciparum is carried by mosquitos, and injected into the host when they bite.

Protists can be:Protists can be:

2.2. Plant-like (Plant-like (algaealgae)- )- contain contain chlorophyllchlorophyll and are and are photosyntheticphotosynthetic

EuglenaEuglena- can make - can make and consume foodand consume food

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/euglena/rostrifera/index.html

More Plant-like ProtistsMore Plant-like Protists DiatomsDiatoms- various shapes, cell walls of - various shapes, cell walls of siliconsilicon, ,

are used in are used in toothpastetoothpaste and scouring products and scouring products

More Plant-like ProtistsMore Plant-like Protists DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates- have flagella; one example - have flagella; one example

causes red tidescauses red tides

Pfiesteria piscicida causes red tides and fish kills

More Plant-like ProtistsMore Plant-like Protists Multicellular algae-Multicellular algae- green, brown, red green, brown, red

Protists can be:Protists can be:

3.3. Fungus-like- cell Fungus-like- cell walls, walls, absorbabsorb nutrients, reproduce nutrients, reproduce by by sporesspores

Slime moldsSlime molds WatermoldsWatermolds

• Example: Example: Phytophthora Phytophthora infestansinfestans cause of cause of potato faminepotato famine in in Ireland (1845 – 1852)Ireland (1845 – 1852)