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Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation
Guided QuestionGuided Question
What were the major causes of the Protestant What were the major causes of the Protestant Reformation? Reformation?
How did the Protestant faith differ from How did the Protestant faith differ from Catholicism? Catholicism?
What are the differences between Zwingli, What are the differences between Zwingli, Anabaptists, Calvanists, Spiritualists, Anabaptists, Calvanists, Spiritualists, Antitrinitarians….Antitrinitarians….
Martin LutherMartin Luther
He felt guilty as a childHe felt guilty as a child Angry father Angry father St Anne-”I will become a monk” St Anne-”I will become a monk” Wanted to find peace of mind Wanted to find peace of mind
Challenges to Medieval Church Challenges to Medieval Church Not a viable solution to Piety Not a viable solution to Piety More Heartfelt, idealism More Heartfelt, idealism More knowledge, Travel, Printing Press-books More knowledge, Travel, Printing Press-books
and libraries. and libraries. A simple religion of love and self-sacrifice-A simple religion of love and self-sacrifice-
J.C.-spiritual church-more voice. J.C.-spiritual church-more voice.
Collapse of Church: Collapse of Church: Regional Identity, local secular administration, Regional Identity, local secular administration,
nationalism nationalism Sale of Indulgences-Protest Sale of Indulgences-Protest Buy release of time in purgatory-themselves Buy release of time in purgatory-themselves
and loved onesand loved ones St Peter’s BasilicaSt Peter’s Basilica No taxes on Church property No taxes on Church property
His Ideas His Ideas
Against Indulgences-greed, hypocrisy, and moral rotAgainst Indulgences-greed, hypocrisy, and moral rot No human being had the power to abolish sins No human being had the power to abolish sins Close Monasteries Close Monasteries Translation of Bible Translation of Bible End the Power of Pope End the Power of Pope Salvation by faith alone in GOD Salvation by faith alone in GOD Bible as the only true authorityBible as the only true authority Baptism and communion-Valid Sacraments Baptism and communion-Valid Sacraments
Protestant Reformation-Sharp conflict between Protestant Reformation-Sharp conflict between emerging nation-states and self-governing emerging nation-states and self-governing towns. towns.
Protestant: Protestant: Guilds-economically prosperous, socially Guilds-economically prosperous, socially
rising. rising. Religious FREEDOM-relevant to townspeople Religious FREEDOM-relevant to townspeople
of German cities. of German cities.
Modern Devotion Modern Devotion
Lay religious movement Lay religious movement Northern Europe Northern Europe Boarding school for reform minded Laity Boarding school for reform minded Laity Prayer and Study Prayer and Study Common life, stressing individual piety and Common life, stressing individual piety and
practical religion practical religion Educators, publications, ran hospices, schools..Educators, publications, ran hospices, schools..
Righteousness that God demands-not from Righteousness that God demands-not from charitable acts but any who believe in him charitable acts but any who believe in him
Good works-lifetime-not because of Good works-lifetime-not because of SALVATION SALVATION An indulgence-confessed moral sins-remission An indulgence-confessed moral sins-remission
Crusaders-couldn’t complete penances Crusaders-couldn’t complete penances because they have fallen in battle because they have fallen in battle
Johann Tetzel Johann Tetzel
Johann Tetzel Johann Tetzel
Melancholia Melancholia
Knight, Death and DevilKnight, Death and Devil
Break with ChurchBreak with Church
Luther disagreed with Church practices Luther disagreed with Church practices Bible sole religious authority Bible sole religious authority God viewed all believers equally God viewed all believers equally Printing Press to spread ideas Printing Press to spread ideas Pope Leo X-Excommunicated Luther Pope Leo X-Excommunicated Luther Luther-translated the Bible-Germany Luther-translated the Bible-Germany All Germans can read Bible All Germans can read Bible
Calvinism Calvinism
John Calvin John Calvin Germany Germany Thirty Years War Thirty Years War Divine Predestination, Justification by faith alone, Divine Predestination, Justification by faith alone,
Destiny-Gods hands, God’s elect Destiny-Gods hands, God’s elect Transform society Transform society ““to live according to the Gospel and the Word of to live according to the Gospel and the Word of
God …without any more Masses, statues, idols, or God …without any more Masses, statues, idols, or papal abuses”. papal abuses”.
Zwingli Zwingli
Switzerland-loose confederation of states-Switzerland-loose confederation of states-catholic and protestant catholic and protestant
Erasmus Erasmus Whatever lacked literal support in Scripture Whatever lacked literal support in Scripture
was to be neither believed nor practiced was to be neither believed nor practiced Saints, pilgrimages, fasting, purgatory, Saints, pilgrimages, fasting, purgatory,
sacraments sacraments Zwingli vs Luther-Eucharist Zwingli vs Luther-Eucharist
AnabaptistsAnabaptists
Mennonites and Amish Mennonites and Amish No infant baptism No infant baptism Conrad Grebel Conrad Grebel Pacifism Pacifism Non-participation of Church offices Non-participation of Church offices
Spiritualist Spiritualist
Disdain for external, institutional religion Disdain for external, institutional religion Only religious authority-GOD Only religious authority-GOD
Charles V-Emperor Charles V-Emperor Diet of Worms Diet of Worms Ordered to recant Ordered to recant Placed under the Imperial Ban-”outlaw” Placed under the Imperial Ban-”outlaw” Wartburg Castle: Translated New Testament in Wartburg Castle: Translated New Testament in
German German Peasants Revolt: Peasants(freedom) Peasants Revolt: Peasants(freedom) Peasants Revolted against Landlords-Luther Peasants Revolted against Landlords-Luther
Condemned them-”unchristian” Condemned them-”unchristian”
Political Consolidation Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformationof the Lutheran Reformation
Assembly of Protestants and Catholics Assembly of Protestants and Catholics Religious divisions Religious divisions Charles V-asked all to convert back to Charles V-asked all to convert back to
Catholicism-NEGATIVE!!!!Catholicism-NEGATIVE!!!! Lutherans created-Augsburg Confession-defensive Lutherans created-Augsburg Confession-defensive
alliance alliance Reaction against ProtestantsReaction against Protestants Peace of Augsburg-The ruler of a land would Peace of Augsburg-The ruler of a land would
determine its religion. determine its religion.
TeachingsTeachings
Justification by FAITH alone Justification by FAITH alone It was unbilical-treat good works-eternal It was unbilical-treat good works-eternal
salvation salvation Faith-sets narcissistic souls apartFaith-sets narcissistic souls apart
SpreadSpread
Frederick of Saxony-protected Luther Frederick of Saxony-protected Luther Excommunicated in 1520. Excommunicated in 1520. Promoted-Nobility and Commoners Promoted-Nobility and Commoners Peace of Augsburg-”he rules; his religion”Peace of Augsburg-”he rules; his religion” Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland, EnglandNetherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland, England France-declared Heretical France-declared Heretical Civil War 1562Civil War 1562 Edict of Nantes-1589-Religious Toleration Edict of Nantes-1589-Religious Toleration
Protestantism Protestantism
Emperor Charles V-Opposed Luther’s Emperor Charles V-Opposed Luther’s teachings teachings
Followers-Protestants Followers-Protestants Spread of Protestantism-Printing Press-Spread Spread of Protestantism-Printing Press-Spread
of Ideas of Ideas Lutheran Church Lutheran Church
Spread of Protestantism Spread of Protestantism
Zwingli-Switzerland Zwingli-Switzerland John Calvin-French ProtestantJohn Calvin-French Protestant Predestination-God decided who would be Predestination-God decided who would be
saved saved France-Calvinists-Huguenots France-Calvinists-Huguenots
Transforming society spiritually and morallyTransforming society spiritually and morally Elect-should act a God pleasing manner Elect-should act a God pleasing manner Michael Servetus-Condemned-Died at the Michael Servetus-Condemned-Died at the
stake stake
Indulgence:Indulgence: Rebuilding St. Peters Cathedral Rebuilding St. Peters Cathedral John Tetzel John Tetzel
The Diet of Worms-tribunal of the Holy The Diet of Worms-tribunal of the Holy Roman Empire; power to outlaw-condemn to Roman Empire; power to outlaw-condemn to be burned at the stake. be burned at the stake.
Peasants War-German farmers used force Peasants War-German farmers used force against their landowners.against their landowners.
Anabaptists-Mennonites and Amish Anabaptists-Mennonites and Amish Adult Baptism Adult Baptism Conrad Grebel-Leader of Anabaptists Conrad Grebel-Leader of Anabaptists Refusal to swear oaths, non-participation in Refusal to swear oaths, non-participation in
the offices of gov’tthe offices of gov’t