Protestant Protestant ReformationReformation

Causes and EffectsCauses and Effects

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

► Identify and explain 3 key changes to Identify and explain 3 key changes to economy and society in the 16economy and society in the 16thth century. century.

► Identify and explain 2 key changes to Identify and explain 2 key changes to politics in the 16politics in the 16thth century. century.

► Identify and explain the significance of 3 key Identify and explain the significance of 3 key signs of spiritual disorder that create the signs of spiritual disorder that create the climate for the Reformationclimate for the Reformation

► Identify and explain 4 key tenets of Identify and explain 4 key tenets of Protestant thought and how if differs from Protestant thought and how if differs from Catholicism Catholicism

Christendom SplitChristendom Split

Crisis of the ChurchCrisis of the Church

►What events led to What events led to the weakening of the weakening of churchly authority?churchly authority? SchismSchism Babylonian CaptivityBabylonian Captivity Wyclif and HusWyclif and Hus

Hostility Toward the ChurchHostility Toward the Church

►What events made What events made increasingly literate increasingly literate and wealth people and wealth people to criticize church to criticize church officials?officials? Clerical ignoranceClerical ignorance Clerical immoralityClerical immorality Clerical pluralismClerical pluralism

►Simony – selling and Simony – selling and buying of church buying of church officesoffices

Martin LutherMartin Luther

► Augustinian PriestAugustinian Priest► Entered monastery in Entered monastery in

15051505► Deeply troubled of his Deeply troubled of his

sinful nature and worried sinful nature and worried about his own salvationabout his own salvation

► In studying St. Paul’s In studying St. Paul’s letter Luther discovers letter Luther discovers key to Christian life – faith key to Christian life – faith in Christ’s love – God’s in Christ’s love – God’s grace cannot be earned, grace cannot be earned, but only given freely by but only given freely by God.God.

Luther’s OutrageLuther’s Outrage

► Selling of Selling of IndulgencesIndulgences

► Indulgence = Indulgence = remission of worldly remission of worldly penance for sinpenance for sin

► Catholic teaching Catholic teaching allowed Church to allowed Church to sell indulgences to sell indulgences to forgive sinners – forgive sinners – alive and dead.alive and dead.

Johann TetzelJohann Tetzel

► A Catholic Priest A Catholic Priest sanctioned to sell sanctioned to sell indulgences to raise indulgences to raise money to pay back money to pay back loans that helped with loans that helped with the completion of St. the completion of St. Peter’s Basilica in Peter’s Basilica in Rome.Rome.

► ““As soon as the coin in As soon as the coin in the coffer shall ring, the coffer shall ring, the soul from purgatory the soul from purgatory shall spring”shall spring”

Luther’s 95 ThesesLuther’s 95 Theses

► Luther’s 95 Luther’s 95 propositions argued propositions argued against selling of against selling of indulgencesindulgences

► Begins theological Begins theological debate about papal debate about papal authority and key authority and key ideas of Christianityideas of Christianity

Luther Faces Excommunication Luther Faces Excommunication and Death – Diet of Wormsand Death – Diet of Worms

► Luther refuses to Luther refuses to recant his beliefs recant his beliefs about the selling of about the selling of indulgences and the indulgences and the abuse of papal power.abuse of papal power.

► “…“…I am bound by I am bound by Scriptures I have cites Scriptures I have cites and my conscience is and my conscience is captive to the word of captive to the word of God. I cannot and will God. I cannot and will not recant anything…not recant anything…

Luther ProtectedLuther Protected

►Why would many be Why would many be willing to protect willing to protect Luther after he is Luther after he is condemned at the condemned at the Diet of Worms? Diet of Worms?

► Luther protected by Luther protected by John Frederick, John Frederick, Elector of HRE from Elector of HRE from Saxony, in present Saxony, in present day Germanyday Germany

More Ideas of LutherMore Ideas of Luther

► Changes the number Changes the number and nature of key and nature of key church sacramentschurch sacraments Catholics = Catholics =

transubstantiationtransubstantiation Protestants = Protestants =

consubstantiationconsubstantiation Priests may marryPriests may marry Services in vernacular Services in vernacular

languagelanguage Divorce LegalDivorce Legal Monasteries abolished in Monasteries abolished in

Lutheran countriesLutheran countries

Protestant ThoughtProtestant Thought

►4 Key Questions distinguish 4 Key Questions distinguish Protestantism and Catholicism – both Protestantism and Catholicism – both are Christian are Christian How is a person saved?How is a person saved? Where does religious authority reside?Where does religious authority reside? What makes up the church?What makes up the church? What is the highest form of Christian Life?What is the highest form of Christian Life?

Where Are We Headed?Where Are We Headed?

►What were the What were the political effects of political effects of the Reformation?the Reformation?

► The Social Effects?The Social Effects?►How did people How did people

react to these react to these changes? Peasants?changes? Peasants? Princes?Princes? Why?Why?

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

► Identify and explain 3 key changes to Identify and explain 3 key changes to economy and society in the 16economy and society in the 16thth century. century.

► Identify and explain 2 key changes to Identify and explain 2 key changes to politics in the 16politics in the 16thth century. century.

► Identify and explain the significance of 3 key Identify and explain the significance of 3 key signs of spiritual disorder that create the signs of spiritual disorder that create the climate for the Reformationclimate for the Reformation

► Identify and explain 4 key tenets of Identify and explain 4 key tenets of Protestant thought and how if differs from Protestant thought and how if differs from Catholicism Catholicism