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sydney-pearson
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Proteins• Proteins are
made of Amino Acid chains• Amino acids
are linked in a sequence
Ribosomes• Proteins are
bonded together at the ribosomes • # 2 on
diagram
Ribosomes
Sequence determines shape• Order of amino
acid chain determines a proteins shape• Shape
determines its function
Examples of Proteins • Receptor
molecules• Nerve chemicals• Hormones• Enzymes
Proteins have shapes
Receptor Molecules• Located on
surface of membrane to receive signals from nerve chemicals or hormones
1 2 3
Receptor molecules• Located on
the surface of cells• on the cell
membrane
3-D view of receptor molecules
•What kind of molecules are receptors?• Proteins
Cellular Communication•Receptor
molecules are used so cells can interact
Receptor molecules are Proteins
• They have a specific shape• Signals they
receive must have a shape that can fit into them
Receptor Signal
Primary Agents to Communicate
•Hormones•Chemicals
produced by nerve cells
Receptor molecule
Receptor and Hormone• Another
pictorial example of a receptor molecule and a hormone
Hormones• Signals released by
glands so cell can communicate with
• Hormone has to fit on receptor molecule of the target cell
Amino acid molecules are bonded together in a specific sequence on cell structures known as 1.ribosomes2.vacuoles3.mitochondria4.centromeres
The shape of a protein is most directly determined by the1.amount of energy available for synthesis of the protein2.kind and sequence of amino acids in the protein3.type and number of DNA molecules in a cell4.mistakes made when the DNA is copied
A characteristic shared by all enzymes, hormones, and antibodies is that their function is determined by the
1.shape of their molecules 2.DNA they contain 3.inorganic molecules they contain 4.organelles present in their structure
Nerve cells are essential to an animal because they directly provide1.communication between cells2.transport of nutrients to various organs3.regulation of reproductive rates within other cells4.an exchange of gases within the body
Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals?1.starches and simple sugars 2.subunits of DNA 3.vitamins and minerals 4.receptor molecules
Letter B indicates a1.ribosomes2.receptor molecules3.tissues4.inorganic substances
Base your answer on the diagram and on your knowledge of biology. Which statement best describes the diagram?1.Nerve cell X is releasing receptor molecules.2.Nerve cell Y is signaling nerve cell X.3.Nerve cell X is attaching to nerve cell Y.4.Nerve cell Y contains receptor molecules for substance A
Cellular communication is illustrated in the diagram below. Information can be sent from1.cell A to cell B because cell B is able to recognize signal 12.cell A to cell B because cell A is able to recognize signal 23.cell B to cell A because cell A is able to recognize signal 14.cell B to cell A because cell B is able to recognize signal 2
Cellular communication is illustrated in the diagram below.
Information can be sent from1.cell A to cell B because cell B is able to recognize signal 12.cell A to cell B because cell A is able to recognize signal 23.cell B to cell A because cell A is able to recognize signal 14.cell B to cell A because cell B is able to recognize signal 2