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Protein Synthesis. Remember: DNA Replication. How does DNA make all of our characteristics?. Genes make proteins…. Nucleic Acids. To make proteins, we need both types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Ribonucleic Acid. Nucleic Acids. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Protein Synthesis
Remember: DNA Replication
How does DNA makeall of our characteristics?
Genes make proteins…
Nucleic Acids
• To make proteins, we need both types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid
Nucleic Acids
DNA RNA
Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose
Bases A C G T A C G U
Strand Double Single
Wherever DNA has the base thymine, RNA has the base uracil.
3 Typesof RNA
• Messenger–mRNA
• Transfer– tRNA
• Ribosomal– rRNA
Protein Synthesis• The process of reading DNA to make proteins is
called protein synthesis.
The Central Dogma of Genetics says that genetic information goes
from DNA RNA Protein.
The steps of the Central Dogma are: 1. DNA Transcription
2. RNA Translation3. Protein Folding.
Step 1: Transcription
An mRNA strand is formed from
the DNA.
Just like in DNA Replication, helicase
unzips the DNA and RNA Polymerase builds the
new mRNA strand.
Three letters in a row on the mRNA is called a codon. The matching three
letters on tRNA is called an anticodon.
Step 2: TranslationRibosomes read the mRNA.
A tRNA molecule with the right anticodon matches up to the mRNA codon and attaches the correct
amino acids to the chain.
Protein Folding
Once the amino acid chain is complete, it leaves the ribosome and goes through the Rough ER and the Golgi Apparatus to be folded in to its protein shape.
Check Your Understanding1. How is RNA different from DNA?
2. What does the Central Dogma of Genetics say?
3. What are the two steps of Protein Synthesis and what happens in each step?
RNA is a single strand, has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose, and uses the base
uracil instead of thymine.
DNA RNA Protein
1. Transcription – DNA is transcribed (copied) into mRNA2. Translation – mRNA is translated into an amino acid chain