Protein Synthesis

Transcription

DNA vs. RNASingle

strandedRibose

sugarUracilAnywhere

Double stranded

Deoxyribose sugar

Thymine Nucleus

3 Types of RNAMessenger RNA (mRNA): Carries

information from DNA to ribosome for________________.

Transfer RNA (tRNA): Transport _________________.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up the _____________.

protein synthesis

amino acids

ribosomes

Part 1:Steps of Transcription1. An _________ attaches to a

section of DNA, separating the two strands.

2. The enzyme moves down the DNA, building a strand of RNA that is ______________ to the DNA.

3. The enzyme reads a _____ code and the new strand of RNA is completed and moves into the _______________.

enzyme

complementarySTOP

cytoplasm

Protein Synthesis

Translation

Protein Structure

Protein is made up of amino acids

What bond connects the amino acids?

Polypeptides- chain of amino acids

The genetic codeThe base sequence is read in groups

of _____ ___________ __________. Each 3-nucleotide sequence is called

a ______. Each codon encodes for a specific

______ _____or a ______or ______signal.

three adjacentnucleotides

codon

amino acidstart stop

Codon

64 different codons and 20 amino acidsEach codon codes for an amino acid

(protein)Other codons code for “start” and

“stop” signals for protein synthesis

EX: GGU codes for glycine

Amino Acid

Anti-codon

Steps of Translation

1. mRNA attaches to a _________. Amino acids floating in the cytoplasm are transported to the ribosome by _______.

2. The first tRNA binds to the ______ codon: AUG.

ribosome

tRNA

start

3. Another tRNA binds to the next codon and carries the appropriate amino acid. A _______ ______ forms between the two amino acids.

4. The first tRNA leaves and the ribsome moves across the next _______.

peptide bond

codon

5. Another tRNA binds to the codon and attaches the corresponding amino acid. The ____________ chain continues to grow.

6. Finally, the ribosome reads the ______ ______, and the polypeptide falls off the ribosome.

http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/translation/prtsynth.mov

polypeptide

STOP codon

Amino acid

tRNA

ribosome

mRNA

polypeptide

The final step of protein synthesis:

The polypeptide made at the end of translation, folds into the proper ________, becoming a functional ________. shape

protein

The central dogma of biology

DNA RNA protein

Sickle Cell Anemia