Protein Lana

7/30/2019 Protein Lana

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P R E S E N T E D B Y : L A N A A D I L A

Protein


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CONTENTS

DEFINITION

CHARACTERISTIC

FUNCTION

SOURCE

DIGESTION

1

2

3

4

5


3/17

P r o t e i n i s a s o u r c e o f a m i n o a c i d s

c o n t a i n i n g t h e e l e m e n t s C , H , O ,a n d N a r e n o t o w n e d b y f a t o r

c a r b o h y d r a t e s .

T h e h u m a n b o d y n e e d s p r o t e i n f o ra n a v e r a g e o f 1 g p r o t e i n / k g b o d y

w e i g h t p e r d a y

DEFINITION

1


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P r o t e i n s a r e e s s e n t i a l n u t r i e n t s f o r t h e h u m a n b o d y .

T h e y a r e o n e o f t h e b u i l d i n g b l o c k s o f b o d y t i s s u e , a n dc a n a l s o s e r v e a s a f u e l s o u r c e . A s f u e l ,

P r o t e i n s c o n t a i n 4 k c a l p e r g r a m

P r o t e i n s a r e p o l y m e r c h a i n s m a d e o f a m i n oa c i d s l i n k e d t o g e t h e r b y p e p t i d e b o n d s . I n n u t r i t i o n ,

p r o t e i n s a r e b r o k e n d o w n i n t h e s t o m a c hd u r i n g d i g e s t i o n b y e n z y m e s k n o w n a s p r o t e a s e s i n t os m a l l e r p o l y p e p t i d e s t o p r o v i d e a m i n o a c i d s f o r t h e

b o d y , i n c l u d i n g t h e e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s t h a t c a n n o tb e b i o s y n t h e s i z e d b y t h e b o d y i t s e l f .

1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_bondshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_bondshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calories


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A m i n o a c i d s c a n b e d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e c a t e g o r i e s : e s s e n t i a la m i n o a c i d s , n o n - e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s a n d c o n d i t i o n a l a m i n o

a c i d s . E s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s c a n n o t b e m a d e b y t h e b o d y , a n dm u s t b e s u p p l i e d b y f o o d . N o n - e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s a r e m a d eb y t h e b o d y f r o m e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s o r i n t h e n o r m a l

b r e a k d o w n o f p r o t e i n s . C o n d i t i o n a l a m i n o a c i d s a r e u s u a l l y n o te s s e n t i a l , e x c e p t i n t i m e s o f i l l n e s s , s t r e s s o r f o r s o m e o n e

c h a l l e n g e d w i t h a l i f e l o n g m e d i c a l c o n d i t i o n .E s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s

a r e l e u c i n e , i s o l e u c i n e , v a l i n e , l y s i n e , t h r e o n i n e , t r y p t o p h a n , me t h i o n i n e , p h e n y l a l a n i n e a n d h i s t i d i n e . N o n - e s s e n t i a l a m i n oa c i d s i n c l u d e a l a n i n e , a s p a r a g i n e , a s p a r t i c a c i d a n d g l u t a m i c

a c i

d . C o n d i t i o n a l a m i n o a c i d s

i n c l u d e a r g i n i n e , c y s t e i n e , g l u t a m i n e , g l y c i n e , p r o l i n e , s e r i n e ,a n d t y r o s i n e .

[ 3 ] A m i n o a c i d s a r e f o u n d i n a n i m a l s o u r c e s s u c h a s m e a t s , m i l k ,f i s h a n d e g g s , a s w e l l a s i n p l a n t s o u r c e s s u c h a s w h o l e g r a i n s ,

p u l s e s , l e g u m e s , s o y , f r u i t s , n u t s a n d s e e d s . V e g e t a r i a n s a n dv e g a n s c a n g e t e n o u g h e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s b y e a t i n g a v a r i e t y

o f p l a n t p r o t e i n s . [ 3 ]

1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleucinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threoninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleucinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threoninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methioninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methioninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argininehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argininehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalaninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methioninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methioninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threoninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleucinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine


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1 . S o l i d

2 . C r y s t a l

3 . H i g h b o i l i n g p o i n t

4 . V e r y s o l u b l e i n w a t e r , p o l a r a n d f o r m i n g

i o n s .

5 . A m i n o g r o u p s ( N H 2 ) : a s t r o n g b a s e , c a n

a t t r a c t H + i o n s f r o m H 2 O t o f o r m N H 3 +

6 . C o m b i n e d a m i n o a c i d s s t r u n g t o g e t h e r b yp e p t i d e b o n d s

7 . P e p t i d e b o n d f o r m e d : C O O H f r o m t h e f i r s t

a m i n o a c i d a n d N H 2 o f t h e n e x t a m i n o a c i d .

Characteristic

2


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E s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s c a n n o t b e m a d e b y t h e b o d y ,

a n d m u s t b e s u p p l i e d b y f o o d .N o n - e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s a r e m a d e b y t h e b o d y

f r o m e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d s o r i n t h e n o r m a lb r e a k d o w n o f p r o t e i n s .

C o n d i t i o n a l a m i n o a c i d s a r e u s u a l l y n o t e s s e n t i a l ,e x c e p t i n t i m e s o f i l l n e s s , s t r e s s o r f o r s o m e o n e

c h a l l e n g e d w i t h a l i f e l o n g m e d i c a l c o n d i t i o n .

CLASSIFICATION


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CLASSIFICATIONEssential Amino

AcidsConditional Amino

AcidsNon-Essential Amino

Acids

Isoleusin Arginin Asam glutamat

Leusin Histidin Asam hidroksi glutamat

Lisin Sistin Asam aspartat

Methionin Glisin Alanin

Fenilalanin Serin Prolin

Treonin triosin NeuleusinTritopan Hidroksi prolin

Valin Sitrulin

Hidroksi glisin


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A n t i b o d i e s - a r e s p e c i a l i z e d p r o t e i n s

i n v o l v e d i n d e f e n d i n g t h e b o d y f r o m a n t i g e n s( f o r e i g n i n v a d e r s ) . T h e y c a n t r a v e l t h r o u g h

t h e b l o o d s t r e a m a n d a r e u t i l i z e d b y t h e

i m m u n e s y s t e m t o i d e n t i f y a n d d e f e n d

a g a i n s t b a c t e r i a , v i r u s e s , a n d o t h e r f o r e i g n

i n t r u d e r s . O n e w a y a n t i b o d i e s c o u n t e r a c t

a n t i g e n s i s b y i m m o b i l i z i n g t h e m s o t h a t t h e y

c a n b e d e s t r o y e d b y w h i t e b l o o d c e l l s .

C o n t r a c t i l e p r o t e i n s - a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o rm o v e m e n t . E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e a c t i n a n d

m y o s i n . T h e s e p r o t e i n s a r e i n v o l v e d

i n m u s c l e c o n t r a c t i o n a n d m o v e m e n t .

FUNCTION

3


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S t r u c t u r a l p r o t e i n s - a r e f i b r o u sa n d s t r i n g y a n d p r o v i d e s u p p o r t . E x a m p l e s

i n c l u d e k e r a t i n , c o l l a g e n , a n d e l a s t i n .K e r a t i n s s t r e n g t h e n p r o t e c t i v e c o v e r i n g ss u c h a s h a i r , q u i l l s , f e a t h e r s , h o r n s , a n d

b e a k s . C o l l a g e n s a n d e l a s t i n p r o v i d es u p p o r t f o r c o n n e c t i v e t i s s u e s s u c h a s

t e n d o n s a n d l i g a m e n t s .

S t o r a g e p r o t e i n s - s t o r e a m i n o a c i d s .E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e o v a l b u m i n a n d c a s e i n .

O v a l b u m in i s f o u n d i n e g g w h i t e s a n dc a s e i n i s a m i l k - b a s e d p r o t e i n .

FUNCTION

3
http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa011801a.htmhttp://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa011801a.htmhttp://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa011801a.htm


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E n z y m e s - a r e p r o t e i n s t h a t f a c i l i t a t e b i o c h e m i c a lr e a c t i o n s . T h e y a r e o f t e n r e f e r r e d t o a s c a t a l y s t s b e c a u s e

t h e y s p e e d u p c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s . E xa m p l e s i n c l u d e t h ee n z y m e s l a c t a s e a n d p e p s i n . L a c t a s e b r e a k s d o w n t h e

s u g a r l a c t o s e f ou n d i n m i l k . P e p s i n i s a d i g e s t i v e e n z y m et h a t w o r k s i n t h e s t o m a c h t o b r e a k d o w n p r o t e i n s i n

f o o d .

T r a n s p o r t p r o t e i n s - a r e c a r r i e r p r o t e i n s w h i c hm o v e m o l e c u l e s f r o m o n e p l a c e t o a n o t h e r a r o u n d t h e

b o d y . E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e h e m o g l o b i n a n d c y t o c h r o m e s .H e m o g l o b i n t r a n s p o r t s o x y g e n t h r o u g h t h e b l o o d .

C y t o c h r o m e s o p e r a t e i n t h e e l e c t r o n t r a n s p o r t c h a i na s e l e c t r o n c a r r i e r p r o t e i n s .

FUNCTION

3
http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa090601a.htmhttp://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa090601a.htm


12/17

Hormonal proteins - a r e m e s s e n g e r p r o t e i n s w h i c h h e l p t o

c o o r d i n a t e c e r t a i n b o d i l y a c t i v i t i e s . E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e i n s u l i n ,o x y t o c i n , a n d s o m a t o t r o p i n . I n s u l i n r e g u l a t e s g l u c o s e m e t a b o l i s m

b y c o n t r o l l i n g t h e b l o o d - s u g a r c o n c e n t r a t i o n . O x y t o c i n s t i m u l a t e sc o n t r a c t i o n s i n f e m a l e s d u r i n g c h i l d b i r t h . S o m a t o t r o p i n i s a

g r o w t h h o r m o n e t h a t s t i m u l a t e s p r o t e i n p r o d u c t i o n i n m u s c l ec e l l s .

FUNCTION

3


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DIGESTION

5


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PepsinEndopeptidase

Eksopeptidase

Trypsin

Chymotrypsin

Aminopeptidase

Karboksipeptidase

DipeptidaseAmilasepankreas

Protein


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No. Enzym Place Function Source

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Pepsin

Tripsin

Erepsin

Endopeptidase

Eksopeptidase

Stomatch

Duodenum

SmallIntestine

Protein Pepton

Pepton Amino Acid

Pepton Amino Acid

Hydrolyze peptide bonds inthe interior of the chain-

length polypeptide chainsEksopeptidase cut last amino

acid peptide bonds bydisconnecting terminals.

Stomatch

Pancreas

Duodenum

Pancreas

Pancreas


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M A K E A H E A L T H Y L I F E ,

W I T H G O O D

THANK YOU


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fried, G. H., & Hademenos, G. J. (2006). Biologi.Jakarta: Erlangga.

Documents

Protein Lana