Protective Apparel

7/30/2019 Protective Apparel

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PROPERTIES FOR PROTECTIVE APPAREL AND TEXTILES


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SELECTION OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHS

o Selecting protective clothing is to determine the hazard,evaluate the potential for exposure and select the degreeof protection required.

o The consequences of direct skin contact can range fromminor diseases like dermatitis to systemic poisoning andcancer.


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SELECTION FACTORS FOR DESIGN OF PROTECTIVE

CLOTHING

Clothing configurationSizesClothing Construction

Accommodation of other selected ensemble equipmentComfort and restriction of mobility

Further, we have to consider the environment in/from which we

want protection.


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TYPES OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Clothing against heat and flameClothing against mechanical inputsFireman's protective clothing

Clothing against foul weather (moisture, wind)Clothing against chemical substances (gases, liquids, particles)Clothing against radioactive contaminationProtective clothing against electro static charges

High visible warning clothingProjectile protection clothingProtective gloves against mechanical and thermal hazards


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REQUIREMENTS

Physical requirements - Light weight and low bulk High durability and dimensional stability Good handle and drape Low noise emission


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Environmental Requirements : Water Repellant Water Proof

Wind Proof and snow shedding Thermal Insulating Water vapour permeable UV Resistant

Air permeable


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Requirements for flame, heat and flash protection: Flame retardance Heat and melt resistance/Low smoke emission


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THERMAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

The thermal insulation provided by fibrous material ismainly due to the low thermal conductivity of the air entrapped in the fibre web.Thus fine and dimensionally stable fibres at work

temperatures are used for the insulation of the buildingor a garment.Their construction design allows the air stability in order to limit the convection exchanges.


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For isothermal garments a polyester microfiber nonwovenfilling, combined or not with an aluminized layer toreduce the radiation exchanges, is an efficient thermal

protection material thus associated with comfort function


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APPLICATION

a) Industrial oven b) Aeronautics or aerospace

In the above applications ceramic fibres based onsilica, alumina, and zirconium oxide are used.This fibre can withstand a temperature rangingfrom 1000C to 1400C.


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FIRE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Good fire protection will be obtained through the use of thermostable, fire resistant materials maintaining as long as possible thetextile integrity and ensuring certain degrees of freedom of comfort as in the case of fireman's suit.

This protective function may be obtained by using naturallythermo stable fibre or by treating this fibre with fire proofing or fire retardant agent before or after spinning on their own or incombination with the fibre ensuring a dimensional stability andmechanical resistance.


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The hybrid material is the answer to the functionsdemanded by the fireman, fire fighter and fighter plane

pilot.

Commercially developed products for fire protection:

Carbon X@ R is a yarn from Chapman Innovations,

created by spinning PAN (oxidized polyacrylonitile)fibre with an Aramid strengthening fibre.


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Glen Guard FR -- a revolutionary flame resistantfabric engineered to protect and serve workers who facethe harsh environments of gas/oil refinery and electricutility industries.

The strength of our new fabric comes from the flameresistant, durable, comfortable and colorfast propertiesinherent in advanced, light weight Kermel aramidfibres.


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MECHANICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

The mechanical performance have a personal protectivefunction against different risk such as ballistic, bladecuts, puncture, projection of fragments, knives, slashing.

Combined use of high performance material such asglass fibre, HT Polyethylene or Steel. Eg, anti-cutgloves.


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Current combat clothing systems are based uponthe layer principle, where each layer performs aspecific functionThis is a basic fighting system to which can beadded other protective layers.


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CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Many industrial sectors often use hazardous chemicals or gases products against which it is essential to be

protected. This is more especially in case of chemical,

photography, automotive, aeronautics and agriculturalindustry.

It is also in case of military field and multiple exampleshave shown importance of having a most performinggarments and gloves.


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The necessary performance level varied according to risk under gone.

The equipment elements are therefore conceived withvarious shapes and material, efficiency level of whichagainst chemical must be controlled, eg, fabric coatedwith Neoprene, PVC and Latex .


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UV PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Flexible textile structures , which can block the harmfulUVR are UV protection clothing. The structure itself should have good service life and it should prevent the

UVR from getting transmitted through the structure. Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) provides

very good resistance against UVR while UV Absorbers provide good protection from UVR by absorbing it.


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The monofilaments have been tested for weatherablity to predict the service life and also evaluated for SunProtection Factor (SPF) in film form. The results from

these tests would be used to find the combination giving best UV stability and protection.


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WATER PROOF/BREATHABLE FABRICS

Moisture accumulation in the breathable protectivegarments and in whole clothing systems is much smaller than in the non-breathable one


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METHODS OF MAKING THE FABRIC BREATHABLE

There are six basic ways of creating a waterproof/ breathable fabric. This mainly involves spraying a freefabric with layers of coating to form a waterproof coat.

The more layers, the more waterproof (and often less"breathable"). Likewise a plate can be sprayed and thedried coating removed to create a film that can belaminated to a fabric.


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The following are the brand names associated with specificwater-proof methods:Microporous coatings - Triple Point

Hydrophilic Coating - Miai ScantsxMicroporous laminates AquatexHydrophilic laminates Sympate

Bicomponent Coating - Entrant GBicomponent laminate - Gore Tex


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UV RESIST, WATER REPELLANT BREATHABLEFABRIC:

UV-resist, breathable fabrics are produce for use in thecold regions of India as high-altitude fabrics.

For UV-resist property, a dispersion of benzotrizol -type

derivative and a silicone-based product are taken andperfluoro-alkyl-type fluorocarbon-based compoundand fluorocarbon resin-type compound are used aswater-repellent finishes.


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It is found that the benzotriozol derivative for UV-resistand the fluorocarbon resin-type compound for water-repellent finish give best results. Both chemicals are

applied sequentially and show good wash fastness.


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Antistatic Protection This is an example of a typical two-layer fabric

construction constituting outer fabric, and liner of

textiles to protect against electrostatic charges.

High visibility and weather protection

This is an example of a typical three layer fabricconstruction constituting outer fabric, membrane andliner of textiles to protect against extreme weather conditions.


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CONCLUSION

There is need for functional and cost effective materials.Development and lead times are often long andexpensive.

Currently available protective textiles (aramids such asKevlar) are often heavy, bulky, and uncomfortable withlimited protective performance.These characteristics limit their use; this is wherenano enabled textiles may provide a solution.


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THANK YOU

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Protective Apparel