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8/21/2019 Protection Mechanisms for HRDs-Ruki-Kuala Lumpur-26April2015
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Protection Mechanisms for HRDs
Do they work?
Ruki FernandoINFORM Human Rights Documentation Centre
2th !"ri# 2$%&'ua#a (um"ur
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BASIC CONCEPTS
People who, individually or with others, act to promote
or protect human rights.
Identified on “what they do” and “how” they do it
Recognition of universality
NGO worers ! "eachers ! #ournalists ! $awyers
Paid
Non paid ! volunteers
People who do actions on the spot to protect human
rights
%ho are &uman Rights 'efenders (&R's)*
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• Could be working at local, national, regional,
international level or combination
• Could be focusing on particular type of rights or
working more broadly
BASIC CONCEPTS
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%here are &R's rights written down*
+. 'omestic $aws (onstitution, -ill of rights etc.)
. /arious 0N ovenants, 'eclarations etc.
1. "he 0N 'eclaration on &R's
STANDARDS RELATED TO HRDs
8/21/2019 Protection Mechanisms for HRDs-Ruki-Kuala Lumpur-26April2015
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Protection
Mechanisms forHRDs
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"hin of a threat ! intimidation you or a &R' (or
group) faced
%hat steps did you ! he ! she ! they tae*
– 2efore ! after
– %ho did you contact* %hat did u as*
– %hat did they do, refuse to do*
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%hat are domestic mechanisms*
Police
ourts
National &uman Rights Institutions
Other statutory -odies
1. DOMESTICA MECHANISMS
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0N 3echanisms
In country 0N offices 4 O&&R, other 0N offices
"reaty -odies 4 individual complaints 4 specially &uman Rights
ommittee
&uman Rights ouncil
5pecial Procedures
• 5pecial Rapportuer on &uman Rights 'efenders
• Others
• 6reedom of 7ssem-ly 8 7ssociation
• 6reedom of 9:pression 8 Opinion
• %G on 'isappearances
UN MECHAN!M!
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7frica
5pecial Rapporteur on &R's of the 7frican ommission on &uman andPeoples; Rights
7mericas
"he special &R's 0nit within the Inter
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$ocal ! national NGOs and networs
- 9:amples and their role*
Regional 8 International
– 9:amples 8 their role*
N'(s ) C*+ !(CE-
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Some Regional & Intl NGOs
9:amples
-6rontline
-Protection Intl.
-I5&R
-
O-servatory (O3"
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NGOs – are there specialized NGOsfocusing on some HRDs?
% .ournalists /M+0, C1., 2., $!2, M!3
% 4omen H$0s
% +'56 H$0s% !cholars
% 0octors
% +awyers% .udges
% Clergy
Can also ask professional bodies
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Roles played y national !regional ! international NGOs
Roles
-0rgent 7ppeals
-Pu-lic statements
-'ocumentation 4 special 8 annual reports
-$onger term advocacy
-6unding support in emergencies
-Relocation
-"raining
-Pu-lications-onnecting to resources 4 other NGOs, 0N, diplomats, media,
universities
Roles vary from NGO to NGO < important to identify in
advance what each NGO can do and can;t do
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4hat countries have special focus on H$0s in othercountries7
European Union 'uidelines
Norwegian 'uidelines
!wit8erland 9 !wiss guidelines
U!A 'uidelines for N'(s
!ometimes others also 9 e#g# Canada, reland
5. orei!n Co"ntries
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- 3onitor situation of &R's
- /isit &R's in their areas of wor ! houses ! offices
- Invite &R's to em-assies
- 7ttend events -y &R's ! organi>e events for &R's
-
Organi>e felicitations for &R's- /isit prison if &R's are detained
- /isit court cases where &R's are tried 4 and where
perpetrators of violations against &R's are tried
-
Provide safe houses- Provide safe accompaniment (-ody guards)
- Provide funding for &R's protection 4 case -y case
or pro?ects
Ro#es forei!n co"ntries can $#a% & inco"ntr%
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-Raise individual cases with government
-Issue pu-lic statements
-'emarches
Ro#es forei!n co"ntries can $#a% & inco"ntr%
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- 5pecial visas (may-e issued locally 4 -ut often
re@uire approval from capital of issuing country)
-
5tatements from capital 4 including -y President- Raising individual cases 4 general trends during
visits -y our government leaders
- 5tatements in multi lateral forums 4 e.g. 0N &R
-5upport to international mechanisms 4 e.g. 0N 5Ron &R's
- 6unding for &R's at international level
Ro#es forei!n co"ntries can $#a% &internationa##%
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Protection Mechanisms for HRDs )
do they work?*hey ha+e , wi## work sometimes -not a## the time.
*hey ha+e , wi## work to some e/tent -not fu##y.
*hey ha+e , wi## work for some HRDs
-some may e+en worsen threats for some0.
1ut they on#y work if we make them work
Not automatic0