AIMA NEWSLETTER

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www.aima.iinet.net.au

Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology

ABN 37 830 874 307 • Registration No. A0820044J Western Australia Associations Incorporations Act 1987 Section 18(6) • ISSN 1446–8948Australasian Institute of Maritime Archaeology Inc. • Department of Maritime Archaeology • WA Museum • 47 Cliff St • Fremantle WA 6160

Volume 32 | Issue 3 September 2013

Between 27 September and 3 October, a team of researchers travelled to Heron Island on the

Great Barrier Reef and conducted a comprehensive archaeological survey of the former Australian warship Protector. The project is a collaborative effort between the South Australian Maritime Museum (SAMM) and the University of Adelaide’s Australian Centre for Visual Technologies (ACVT), and is supported by a 2013 Australian Research Council Linkage Grant awarded to ACVT and by funding from the Commonwealth government’s Your Community

Heritage Program and the Silentworld Foundation. The team comprised James Hunter, Emily Jateff and Kevin Jones (SAMM), Anton van den Hengel (ACVT), Ian MacLeod (Western Australian Museum), Ed Slaughter and Nick Herath (Lester Franks Survey and Geographic).

Her Majesty’s Colonial Ship (HMCS) Protector was one of Australia’s first purpose-built warships. It was purchased by the South Australian colonial government in response to

Protecting the ProtectorAn initiative to document, assess,interpret, exhibit and preserve an early Australian warship

IssueIN THIS

by

1 Protecting the Protector2 AIMA Officers’ Reports QLD’s

new heritage guidelines, Commonwealth Historic Shipwreck Program funding, new AIMA merchandiseand, AIMA 2013 Scholarship awards, and more . . .

4 Australasian News from NT, SA, VIC, MAAV, WA

12 Conferences ODEX, AIMA, ASHA, SHA

fears of foreign invasion, and arrived in Port Adelaide in September 1884. For the next 40 years, Protector was an active asset of the South Australian colonial navy, Commonwealth Naval Force and Royal Australian Navy, and participated in two major conflicts: the Boxer Rebellion (1900) and the First World War (1914–1918). Its duties initially comprised viceregal tours to South Australian outports, military manoeuvres, and training drills. In 1888,

James W. Hunter, III

(continued on p. 5)

Screen capture of 3D digital model of Protector ’s external hull. (Digital model produced by Nick Herath, Lester Franks Survey and Geographic; image courtesy of South Australian Maritime Museum)

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From the PresidentIn addition to the general day-to-day activities, the last few months saw some considerable efforts being made towards this year’s conference organisation and with respect to various matters relating to the preservation of shipwrecks and maritime cultural heritage.

Guideline: Archaeological investigations, Queensland Heritage Branch

In August 2013, AIMA provided feedback on the recent draft of new heritage guidelines (Guideline: Archaeological investigations) by the Queensland Heritage Branch, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection. Ross Anderson assisted with this review and made some excellent comments. The Heritage Branch approached key representatives involved in archaeological investigations to review the guideline prior to release. The Guideline: Archaeological investigations has been drafted to support best-practice management of potential, known and newly discovered historical archaeological places and artefacts within Queensland. It outlines a process for archaeological investigations to satisfy the requirements of the Queensland Heritage Act 1992. The intended audience of the guideline includes:

• local governments, developers, owners of heritage places and their agents, to help them understand how archaeological values are managed under the Queensland Heritage Act;

• those involved in commissioning archaeological work, to help judge the quality of tenders, project

2013September

From the ExecutiveQLD’s new heritage guidelines, Common-

wealth Historic Shipwreck Program funding, ODEX, and new AIMA merchandise.

designs and the execution of the work;

• archaeologists, to clarify legislative requirements for archaeological investigations, and explain the standards required for undertaking archaeological investigations under the Queensland Heritage Act 1992.

AIMA’s submission included support for the revised guidelines, some small changes related to the state legislation and Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976, and a request to include reference to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, because it is an established international guideline for best practice in the management and preservation of underwater cultural heritage and archaeological material. The Convention guidelines forbid the unauthorized excavation, sale or traffic in derived cultural heritage of shipwrecks. Any illegal excavation or sale of items from shipwreck sites in Queensland would be included as such activity. In terms of management, UNESCO recognizes and is “committed to improving the effectiveness of measures at international, regional and national levels for the preservation in situ or, if necessary for scientific or protective purposes, the careful recovery of underwater cultural heritage.” Although Australia has yet to ratify the 2001 Convention, it is the international community’s major document for the best practice in the management of underwater cultural heritage sites, including shipwrecks.

Grants and Funding

AIMA signed a Services Agreement for ‘Maritime Heritage Community Awareness and Protection’ with the

Commonwealth Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities’ Historic Shipwreck Program to ensure annual funding from 2013–2016. The Services Agreement includes funds earmarked for the production of AIMA publications and support for the annual conference. Publications and the conference will be funded annually as follows:

1. AIMA Annual Publications, i.e., the AIMA Bulletin and 4 Newsletters: $9,500

2. AIMA Conference Canberra 2013: $5,500

The Service Agreement still requires an annual acquittal of funds and AIMA is committed to send the Historic Shipwreck Program the following documents by 10 June each year:

1. Issues of AIMA Newsletters produced during each financial year2. Proof of email to potential authors for AIMA Bulletin that includes a call for papers that highlight Netherlands- Australia maritime cultural heritage;3. One copy of the peer-reviewed AIMA Bulletin and proof of distribution of other copies;4. Conference program/website link for annual Conference and highlight references to any session or presentation that focuses on Netherlands-Australia maritime cultural heritage.

AIMA treasurer Deb Shefi applied for a Commonwealth Grants to Voluntary Environment, Sustainability and Heritage Organisations (GVESHO). If awarded, the amount of 5,000.00 dollars will contribute towards AIMA’s administrative costs.

ODEX

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On 7–8 September 2013, AIMA members Leigh Gilchrest, Sarah Ward, and David Nutley organised and manned a stall at the annual Oceania Dive Expo (ODEX) in Sydney. The stall was a great success, with many members of the dive community stopping by for more information about AIMA. ODEX provided AIMA with a free booth in exchange for advertisement of the show in our newsletters and online. This show is yet another opportunity to reach out to the water sports and diving community. I would like to thank the ODEX organisers and especially Leigh, Sarah and David for their time and support.

Dropping anchor? Don’t be a W[anchor]

This year AIMA finally added a new range of merchandise on offer, which includes t-shirts and a bumper sticker.

The AIMA t-shirts (short- and ¾-sleeves) and sticker are for sale via the website. There is limited stock, as we monitor how sales go and if there is a greater demand than expected, we will print more shirts. Thanks to Jennifer Rodrigues for organising and promoting the t-shirts.

Toni Massey and staff of HV designed a sticker for AIMA with the slogan: Dropping anchor? Don’t be a W[anchor], Protect our historic shipwrecks. The stickers sell for $1 via the AIMA website. The Australian-made stickers measure 20 x 7cm and are UV resistant and weather proof, so they are perfect as a bumper sticker for your car or boat (or for anything else you might want to put them on).

— Wendy van DuivenvoordeActing AIMA President

AIMA Scholarship—2013 AwardeesThe 2013 AIMA Scholarship round was a resounding success. From a record number of applications, the Scholarship Committee chose two winners representing academic and community interest in maritime archaeology in Australia. This year’s projects highlight the breadth and depth of modern Australian maritime archaeology, running the gamut from Indigenous maritime cultural landscapes in South Australia to an investigation of a Portuguese galera in Western Australia. Our congratulations to the 2013 scholarship awardees Maddy and Alexandre!

Thanks also to the AIMA Executive and 2013 Scholarship Committee: Wendy van Duivenvoorde, Mike Nash and Emily Jateff.

AIMA Scholarship winners are required to publish results of their research in the AIMA Bulletin. Results of 2012 AIMA Scholarship awardee Peter Taylor’s project Clipper Ships on Fire will be available in early 2014.

2013 Projects and Awardees

The Maritime Cultural Landscape of Point Pearce, Maddy Fowler

Maddy’s Ph.D. thesis research directly relates to Indigenous maritime cultural landscapes and de-colonising archaeology. She is interested in exploring ways in which Indigenous participation in maritime activities can be seen in archaeology and the recording of intangible heritage, such as traditional place names, routes and pathways through the maritime landscape and lived experiences. Her study involves community-based

research with the Narungga community with a focus on Point Pearce Mission, SA. The funding secured through the AIMA scholarship will assist with implementing place-based interviews of community members at Wardang Island and the Point Pearce coastline, including “seeing the land from the sea” by travelling along these coasts by boat.

Maddy Fowler moved to Adelaide in 2009 to begin studying maritime archaeology. Her primary interest in archaeology is the study of maritime cultural landscapes in Australia’s historical period. In 2011 she completed an Honours thesis focusing on the maritime cultural landscape component of shipwreck landscapes in Port MacDonnell, SA. She later developed an interest in issues relating to the under representation of Indigenous peoples in research into Australia’s maritime cultural landscapes. While still aligned with her general interest in maritime archaeology, she has reoriented her research goals towards cross-disciplinary maritime, Indigenous and historical issues.

The Ship That Never Made It: The history and archaeology of the Correio d’Azia, an early 19th-century Portuguese galera lost in Australia, Alexandre Monteiro

On 26 November 1816, the Portuguese ship Correio da Azia struck a reef off Australia while sailing from Lisbon with general cargo and 107,000 silver coins meant for Macao.

After a failed salvage attempt, the Correio quietly slipped into history; at least until 1995, when a manuscript detailing her loss was uncovered in Portuguese archives. Following a 16-year search by the Western Australia

Maddy Fowler with Narungga elders Clem O’Loughlin and Fred Graham

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Museum, the wreck was found finally in 2004, at Ningaloo Reef (WA).

Protected under the Historic Shipwrecks Act, the remains of Correio da Azia are now a silent reminder of Portugal’s involvement in the China Trade. In keeping with the spirit of the UNESCO Convention, historical and archival research are to be conducted to promote the dissemination of knowledge regarding the people that once owned and sailed this vessel.

Alexandre Monteiro entered the Maritime Archaeology field as an avocational diver, fighting treasure hunting lobbies in the Azores Islands. He created the Azores Underwater Cultural Heritage Database, identifying

more than 600 wrecks in the process. He then searched for, located and excavated nine historical wrecks, the most notable ones being HMS Pallas (English 32-gun frigate, 1783), Lidador (Brazilian steamer, 1878), Angra C (mid 17th-century double hulled hulk), Angra D (late 16th-century Spanish galleon)

and Nossa Senhora da Luz (Portuguese East Indiaman, 1615).

He is currently the lead researcher on the Grândola Coastline Maritime Archaeology Project, an expert in Nautical Archaeology for ICOMOS, a fellow of the Portuguese Professional Archaeologists Association and a researcher with the Instituto de Arqueologia e Paleociências of Lisbon Nova University, where he also teaches courses in maritime/nautical archaeology and contemporary archaeology.

Alexandre Monteiro is currently a PhD student in History & Archaeology, researching Correio da Azia for his thesis.

Northern Territory History Grants

Application for the Northern Territory History Grants opens 28 October 2013. The History Grants Program was established by the Northern Territory Government to commemorate the attainment of self-government on 1 July 1978. The grants are administered by the Northern Territory Archives Service (NTAS). The Director of the NTAS is the Executive Officer of the History Grants program.

The aim of the grants program is to encourage and support original research about Northern Territory history. Northern Territory residents and societies and community organisations based in the Northern Territory are eligible to apply.

Non-Northern Territory residents, State, Local and Federal government agencies are not eligible to apply.

The grants are intended to assist with expenses incurred whilst carrying out research projects. The total annual allocation for the grants program is $57,000, and single grants may range

up to $7,000. Preference will be given to applications covering topics that have not been researched previously or that propose a new approach.

History Grant applications are assessed by the Northern Territory History Grants Committee. The Committee comprises three representatives from the Territory community who are conversant in the field of Northern Territory history. The Committee is appointed by the Minister for Arts and Museums, who is responsible for the NTAS. The Committee recommends to the Minister the dispersal of funding as it deems appropriate.

Applications for History Grants must address all criteria on the official application form. Key criteria considered in the assessment of applications will include:

• demonstrated uniqueness of the project;

• provision of an achievable project plan;

• identification of funding requested;• proposal of how the result of the

research will be disseminated;• written references from two

referees.

Closing date for applications is Friday 22 November 2013.

The Committee will assess applications and applicants will be advised of the outcomes shortly after assessment.

Those interested in applying for a Northern Territory History Grant should consult the Department of Arts and Museums website for the 2013 Application and Guidelines form, details of eligibility, specifics on what can be funded and what not, and other information:http://artsandmuseums.nt.gov.au/ntas/grants.

NEWSAustralasiaNorthern Territory

Alexandre Monteiro

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following the shipwreck of the clipper ship Star of Greece, Protector assumed responsibility for training and maintenance of colonial South Australia’s lifeboat service, which had

languished since the early 1860s. During the First World War, Protector served as a tender to the Australian submarines AE1 and AE2, guarded the port of Rabaul in New Guinea, and conducted minesweeping patrols in Australia’s coastal waters. It also reported on the wreck of the Imperial German Navy cruiser SMS Emden, which had been forced ashore at the Cocos-Keeling Islands during an engagement with the Australian warship HMAS Sydney (I) in November 1914.In 1924, Protector was decommissioned

from naval service, purchased by civilian interests, and converted for the storage and transport of bulk commodities. After a 19-year hiatus, it was requisitioned by the U.S. Army during World War II (1939–1945) and reactivated for military service, but collided with another vessel shortly thereafter and was abandoned at the Queensland port of Gladstone. The hulk was purchased by Captain Cristian

Poulson in 1943 and installed at Heron Island as a breakwater. Since that time, Protector has evolved into an icon of the Heron Island landscape and is regularly visited by patrons of Heron Island Resort, as well as staff and visiting scholars affiliated with the University of Queensland’s Heron Island Research Station.

The team utilised a combination of digital video, 3D photogrammetry, and laser scanning to capture Protector in the virtual realm, as the majority of its extant, articulated hull is exposed above water during low tide. These cutting-edge techniques were complimented by ‘traditional’ archaeological surveying methods (such as baseline-offset mapping, videography and photography), which were employed to physically document the lowermost portions of articulated hull, collapsed hull sections, and other site features that are largely or completely submerged. ACVT is currently developing software capable of generating 3D digital and physical models of historic objects from archival photographs, and is using Protector as a test case. Archaeological and 3D digital data obtained during the survey will be used in conjunction with the digital models generated by ACVT to present a complete record of Protector’s ‘evolution’ from battleship to breakwater.

The project was developed to support a SAMM exhibition designed to coincide with the centenary of the start of the

First World War. The exhibition will highlight Protector to tell the story of South Australia’s naval and maritime involvement in the conflict. The series of digital and physical models generated by Lester Franks and the AVCT is a key component of the exhibition and will illustrate Protector at critical phases in its military and non-military careers. In addition, these models—in conjunction with other archaeological data collected during the field investigation—will be used to explore and answer questions about the vessel’s construction, conversion, modification, deterioration, and site formation. Finally, data derived from this project may enable relevant government agencies to effectively assess Protector’s surviving fabric, determine its heritage significance, and develop future plans for its management and interpretation. It will also ensure a three-dimensional record of the surviving hull in perpetuity—an

South Australia(continued from p. 1)

James Hunter and Ed Slaughter map collapsed structure within Protector’s surviving articulated hull. (Photo by Emily Jateff, SAMM)

Protector’s starboard bow; Heron Island is visible in the background. (Photo by James Hunter, SAMM)

Protector in Port Adelaide, ca. 1889. (Photo courtesy the South Australian Maritime Museum)

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Flinders University Maritime Archaeology Program

AIMA will have student and professional members at this year’s ODEX in Sydney! There

will be posters, books, publications and merchandise for sale, plus plenty of info about training, education and events. ODEX is happening the weekend of 7/8 September at the Sydney Aquatic Centre, Homebush--tickets are only a few dollars and there will be free door prizes!! If you’re in Sydney, come down and support AIMA. For more info check out AIMA’s website http://www.aima-underwater.org.au/odex/ or http://www.odex.com.au/index.html.

Program faculty

Dr James Hunter

Flinders Maritime Archaeology Program (FUMAP) welcomed Dr James Hunter in August; James will be teaching the topics Coastal & Underwater Archaeology and Methods in Underwater Archaeology this semester. You can read his bio to learn about his research interest at http://www.flinders.edu.au/ehl/archaeology/postgrad-programs/by-coursework/pg-in-maritime-arch/staff.cfm. You can find James in room HUM 280 (Jen McKinnon’s old office; Ph: 08 8201 5875, E-mail: James.Hunter@flinders.edu.au).

Dr Bill Jeffery

On 1 September, Dr Bill Jeffery will join the department and FUMAP

for at least eight months. Native to South Australia and currently with the University of Hong Kong, Bill is most familiar with South Australia’s maritime cultural heritage and is well known for his work on Indigenous sites in the Pacific region, Australian shipbuilding, and underwater cultural heritage management. He comes with a myriad of experience in the Australia, Asia, and Pacific regions (and some really interesting field work projects!). Bill will co-teach Methods in Underwater Archaeology with James, and will take over Global Perspectives in Maritime Archaeology from Wendy this semester. You will find Bill in HUM 265 (Ph: 08 8201 5593, E-mail: William.Jeffery@flinders.edu.au).

Dr Jonathan Benjamin

In the beginning of the New Year, our new staff member Dr Jonathan Benjamin will take up his position as Lecturer in maritime archaeology at Flinders University. Jonathan is a submerged landscape specialist and has an impressive academic track record. He currently works for Wessex Archaeology as the International & Research Partnerships Manager and is an Honorary Postdoctoral Fellow in Archaeology at the University of Edinburgh (see: http://edinburgh.academia.edu/JonathanBenjamin, http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/history-classics-archaeology/about-us/staff-profiles?cw_xml=profile_tab1_academic.

php?uun=jbenjami, and http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/history-classics-archaeology/about-us/staff-profiles?cw_xml=profile_tab1_academic.php?uun=jbenjami). The department staff is excited to work with Jonathan and look forward to welcoming him to Flinders University in January.

Maritime Archaeology Field School 2014

The upcoming field school will take place on Phillip Island, VIC, in cooperation with Heritage Victoria from 2–16 February 2014. The website is already up, so have a look: http://www.flinders.edu.au/ehl/archaeology/fieldwork/field-schools/maritime-field-school/maritime-field-school_home.cfm. If you are going to enrol in field school 2014, please contact John Naumann ASAP to ensure you have done the diver registration paperwork, have enough dives on record, have fulfilled the requirements of first aid and oxygen provider courses, and have a current dive medical by February. His contact details are: Social Sciences South Room 142A, Ph +61 (0)8 8201 5533, john.naumann@flinders.edu.au.

Master Classes

As part of their trip between South Africa and Sydney three replica Dutch Tall ships visited Adelaide on the weekend of the 31 August–1 September (http://www.dutchtallships.com/). John Naumann and the FUMAP students visited the Dutch Tall Ships in

issue of critical importance, given that Protector is the last vessel of its kind anywhere in the world.

— James W. Hunter, IIISouth Australian Maritime Museum

James Hunter inspects Protector’s port-side propeller shaft housing. (Photo by Emily Jateff, SAMM)

Ed Slaughter and Ian MacLeod collect corrosion data from Protector’s extant mizzenmast stump. (Photo by James Hunter, SAMM)

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Adelaide on 31 August as part of the archaeology master class series.

In addition to excursions, the FU Archaeology Master Class series offer, through which industry partners from a range of heritage specialties deliver free workshops, a range of complementary skills and knowledge that can’t be accommodated within the confines of a degree. Generally they are for graduate students, but if you are interested in attending one as a heritage professional do contact us and express your interest. See for more information: http://www.flinders.edu.au/ehl/archaeology/postgrad-programs/master-classes/master-classes_home.cfm.

Other

In Semester 1, 2014, FUMAP will offer the new topic Ships and seafaring in the Indian Ocean (ARCH6180/ARCH2210) for undergraduate and graduate students. The popular topic, Ships: Research, Recording and Reconstruction (ARCH8158), will be on offer again in 2014, scheduled for 22–28 September 2014. To sign up for this course, go to http://www.flinders.edu.au/ehl/archaeology/fieldwork/field-schools/field-schools_home.cfm.

— Wendy van Duivenvoorde

Flinders Maritime Archaeology Field Practicum (7–14 July)

Five Flinders University maritime archaeology students and one supervisor were lucky enough to assist the Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP) with the recording and interpretation of maritime archaeological sites on Hinchinbrook Island in North Queensland, Australia. The winter months in Queensland are usually the best time of the year of undertake fieldwork due to ideal weather conditions. However, unseasonal rain and strong winds during the course of the practicum proved to be a minor challenge for everyone. At Ramsey Bay, while battling the natural elements, the team carried out a metal detector survey, excavation and recording

of the Brigantine Belle and a concentration of metal artefacts located 389 meters to the south of the wreckage. Later in the week, the students continued to hone their GPS, excavation, artefact recording and site mapping skills after identifying wooden and iron shipwreck remains within the tidal zone at North Shepherd Bay. Another highlight of the practicum was the side scan sonar inspections of shallow-water shipwrecks. During the time spent on Hinchinbrook Island, under the guidance of staff from DEHP, the students developed essential skills while experiencing real archaeological fieldwork.

A warm thanks to Paddy Waterson (DEHP), Amelia Lacey (DEHP) and Ed Slaughter (Queensland Museum) for their warm hospitality and an informative and enjoyable field practicum. Also thanks to supervisor Deb Shefi and lecturer Wendy van Duivenvoorde, for overseeing and organising the week in Queensland, respectively.

— Daniel PetraccaroFlinders MA Student

Maritime Archaeology Program

Recording shipwreck remains at North Shepherd Bay. (Photos by Deb Shefi)

Flinders practicum participants perform a walking and metal detector survey along the beach. (Photo by Deb Shefi)

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VictoriaHeritage Victoria—Maritime Unit

AIMA/NAS Part 2 Course

Heritage Victoria has scheduled an AIMA/NAS Part 2 course for Thursday night, 14 November, and all day Saturday, 16 November. The Part 2 program will be based on extending the skills learned in Part 1, and is designed to give students a higher level of competence in the recording of ships and shipwrecks. Students will receive formal class work tuition with advance theory lecture modules on Archaeological Principles, Site Surveying and Site Formation Processes. Students will have the opportunity to survey an intact historical wooden sailing ship and gain an understanding of ship components, elements of wooden ship construction and survey/recording techniques. Students will record an element of the hull of the

ship Alma Doepel and then prepare a site (hull) plan and a short report for examination. Students will also need to attend a two-day AIMA conference in order to qualify for the Part 2 accreditation.

Pleas note that this is a land-based survey and does not include diving. The Thursday night lectures will be held at 1 Spring Street, Level 15, from 6–9 PM. The day survey will take place at the Alma Doepel Restoration Site next to the Docklands Ocean Education Centre.

More information about Alma Doepel can be found at http://www.almadoepel.com.au/.

The cost for the AIMA/NAS Part 2 course is $75 for current AIMA members or $120 for non-members. The course will be offered on a first-come basis, with a maximum of 12 participants. To secure yourself

a place, please pay a $50 deposit electronically, on the details below, and e-mail your transaction number to Toni Massey at toni.massey@dpcd.vic.gov.au.

Course Payment Information:

Account name: THE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE FOR MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY INCORPORATED

BSB: 013-030Account No.: 528429147

Please just make sure your payment is clearly identified as ‘AIMA/NAS Part 2 and your surname’ (e.g., AIMA/NAS part 2 Smith).

I look forward to seeing everyone mid November!

— Toni Massey

Maritime Archaeology Association of Victoria (MAAV)

In early July the ‘Clippers on Fire’ team returned to the Result site off Port Melbourne to continue surveying and mapping wreckage. The team measured the site, established its overall length at 18.3 m, plotted some more timber and iron elements on the site plan, and made some new discoveries. At the southern end of the site it was noted that a large timber

was broken off as the result of some sort of violent action, most likely during the site formation process. Divers also observed two 25-mm diameter iron fixing bolts embedded between two parallel timbers. It is such a small site that all of the elements help to tell a story, whereby every new feature discovered is of the utmost importance.

Result was built in Massachusetts in 1853 with dimensions of 67.35 x 12.31 x 8.00 m. It was burned and scuttled in 1866, then refloated in 1868.

After completing its work on Result, the team moved to a site found during the TGPMSP sidescan and mapping project on the St Kilda Bank. The site consists of a mound of melted pitch and light timber that has been shattered into small fragments of about 20 x 10 cm size. The main goal of this visit was to photograph this most unusual site, which so far remains unidentified. Due to the site’s close proximity to the Victorian navy anchorage, there could be connection. The shattered timber suggests that there was an explosion

The broken timber on the Result site. (Photo by Peter Taylor)

Peter Taylor’s boat anchored over Result. (Photo by Peter Taylor)

The pitch mound. (Photo by Peter Taylor)

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Enrique (left) with Santiago lowering the sonar fish. (Photo by Peter Taylor)

that caused such damage. The Victorian navy’s Cerberus and Nelson were anchored nearby, only 100 and 200 m away, respectively.

The team also inspected a sidescan target located in the area south of where the ship Herald of the Morning had been broken up and partially removed in 1889. The ship had caught fire in 1859 while anchored off Sandridge jetty. Thereafter, it was towed away to the beach, and later the remains were raised and converted into a storage hulk at the end of Donaldson’s jetty. The vessel finally was broken up under instruction of the Melbourne Harbour Trust.

Unfortunately, the target proved to be only a small iron concretion protruding out from the muddy bottom. Visibility on the dive was extremely limited (only 60 cm), testing the resolve of even our die-hard northern Port Phillip Bay divers.

Herald of the Morning was built at St John, NB, with dimensions of 59.52 x 10.75 x 6.70 m.

A few days later, grid number eight of the TGPMSP was completed. We located a few small, unidentified targets, which still need to be verified by divers. None of them appeared to be anything remarkable, but one never knows for certain until they are inspected.

The Water Witch project was concluded in early August when a scour pit (discovered in April) was dived and found to contain no wreck elements. Its location was within 30 m of the Water Witch Notice to Mariners position published in 1870. Although the scour did look promising on the side scan, there was no sign of timber or iron contained within it. The area had been heavily worked from the 1960s to the early 1990s by scallop fishermen towing destructive steel dredges. A local fisherman did suggest to us that there would not be anything remaining on the seabed, but it still needed to be checked.

Water Witch was a small ketch that foundered off Black Rock in Port Phillip Bay in 1870. It was built in Melbourne 1851, and measured 12.25 x 3.68 x 1.98 m.

A week later, MAAV’s scheduled dive on Eleutheria was blown out, so the team instead dived the wreck of the wooden ship Dominion, which lies off Indented Heads. The purpose of the dive was to inspect and photograph the timbers and metallic (ferrous and non-ferrous) elements used in its construction. This could then serve as a base model for large North American built 19th-century wooden sailing vessels under study by the Clippers on Fire project. Dominion had been used

as a hulk for some years before being run ashore to act as a breakwater for small boats. Rustee provided his inflatable boat for the day, which turned out to be a rather wet experience.

Dominion was built in Quebec in 1875, measuring 60.92 x 11.30 x 7.43 m. It was sold to Captain Forbes in 1920, and burned in September 1921.

In late August, Malcolm, Joe Brothers, Rustee and Peter Taylor made an inspection dive on a barge located 1.5 nautical miles north-east of City of Launceston. This 13 x 9 x 2 m steel barge was found by the Port of Melbourne Authority survey vessel a few days earlier. The most unusual aspect of the vessel is that both ends had either been broken or cut off, even though there are no records of the barge having been wrecked or dumped in the area.Early September saw MAAV assisting the MHU with a run out to City of Launceston in their boat Trim. A Non-sub-contact (from Anne at the Hydrographic Office) was inspected in the area where the small Tasmanian

Rustee at the helm of his inflatable. (Photo by Peter Taylor)

Taking a measurement on Barge 1. (Photo by Peter Taylor)

Sidescan sonar image of ‘Fisherman Phil’s’ target near P2. (Image by Peter Taylor)

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ketch Tommy Dodd was lost in 1877. The target was first located with the MHU’s Humminbird side imaging sonar and then Toni Massey and Peter Taylor dived the site. After a short jack-stay search from the shot-line, we located the contact, which disappointingly turned out to be a pile of knotted rope.

Tommy Dodd was built at Launceston in 1876 from the wreck of Pearl. It had dimensions of 14.81 x 3.80 x 1.55 m.

In mid-September, MAAV’s Des Williams and Peter Taylor assisted the MHU

in supporting the Australian Historic Shipwreck Protection Project and Peter Veth’s visit to Clarence. A MAAV team inspected another Non-sub-contact to the north of the West Channel Pile Light. Using the MHU’s Humminbird unit, the team located the target, which, rising about 60 cm above the bottom, looked very promising; we hoped it might be the wreck of Tommy Dodd. The dive inspection team was in the water in short order and soon on the target. Disappointment again, as it turned out to be an old scallop dredge.

However, having countless experience with this over the years, we were not discouraged. There are still at least 7 targets in the area that need to be inspected. We made two more sonar runs on the way back to Melbourne and located two additional targets given to us by a professional fisherman. These are located a few kilometres south of Williamstown, and while they looked interesting, it was too late in the day to make any inspection. More dives for another weekend.

— Peter Taylor

International Capacity Building on Safeguarding the Underwater Cultural Heritage workshop, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 7–13 October 2013

Indonesia’s Directorate of Cultural Heritage Preservation

and Museums hosted this

workshop based in Makassar and Barru,

South Sulawesi. It was an immersive maritime experience with theory lectures delivered in the historic Dutch fort and museum at Ujung Padang (Makassar), and participants journeying from Makassar to Barru in a traditional wooden perahu pinisi for the diving component. Diving surveys were conducted on a steel steamship wreck in the Spermonde Archipelago known as the Balanda (‘Hollander’, or ‘foreigner’) wreck.

Eighteen government archaeologists and heritage managers attended

from Indonesia, the Philippines and Brunei Darussalam with lectures in UCH management delivered by Erbprem Vatcharangkul (Director, Thai Underwater Archaeology Division), Bobby Orillineda (National Museum of the Philippines) and Ross Anderson (Western Australian Museum). Diving support included a medical doctor and qualified scientific divers from Hasanuddin University in Makassar. It appears that the publicity and subsequent fallout the Belitung

shipwreck commercial salvage and sale of artefacts (including cancelled Smithsonian Institute exhibition), along with recent regional efforts such as UNESCO and SEAMEO SPAFA courses in UCH management, have been a catalyst for Indonesia to increase its capacity to preserve its underwater cultural heritage. Plans are underway

Western Australia

Participants posing on the dock with the program poster. (Photo courtesy Indonesia’s Directorate of Cultural Heritage Preservation and Museums)

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to build a National Maritime Museum at Belitung, and to further develop the experience and skills of managers and archaeologists tasked with preservation of UCH.

Key issues for Indonesia are treasure hunting, the sustainable preservation of wrecks for dive tourism (such as the well known USAT Liberty shipwreck at Tulamben on Bali’s north coast, which is deteriorating due to corrosion), conservation of wreck materials, the recording and identification of numerous wrecks and World War II sites and in situ preservation over a vast area. Australia-Indonesia connections were discussed as potential projects for future bilateral cooperation in UCH management between the two countries, including historic Macassan and Aboriginal contacts in northern Australia and World War II wrecks of HMAS Perth (1942) and RAAF aircraft.

MV Koolama (1942) salvage images from Gail Chadwick Collection

The WA Museum recently obtained from the Gail Chadwick Collection high resolution scans of 190 large format black and white negative images of diver Harry Chadwick’s experiences salvaging the state ship MV Koolama shipwreck at Wyndham, in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

On 20 February 1942, Koolama was attacked by Japanese bombers off Cape Ruilhieres, approximately 150 kilometres west of Wyndham, while carrying 91 passengers, 89 crew and a cargo of war supplies destined for the Australian Army at Wyndham. It was the first aerial attack by the Japanese in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The Japanese flew a total of 22 air attacks in the region from bases in Timor between 20 February 1942 and July 1944, including five raids on Broome that destroyed 23 aircraft and resulted in the loss of some 100 lives. Koolama was disabled in the attack, and passengers and crew were forced to seek help at Pago and Kalumburu Missions, with the assistance of the Kwini people. The skeleton crew that remained on Koolama managed to repair the damage and steam to Wyndham, where, on 3 March 1942, the ship was bombed again and capsized at the Wyndham wharf.

The images are a unique and valuable record of one of the most dangerous and difficult salvage diving operations ever attempted in Australia—not least due to the presence of large salt water crocodiles and the wreck’s proximity to the Wyndham meatworks, as

well as the strong tidal currents and muddy waters of the Cambridge Gulf. In 1946, a team of more than one hundred men, including helmet divers from Australia and India, succeeded in cutting holes in the ship’s hull and pumping in compressed air, with the aim of raising the keel off the bottom and towing the vessel several kilometres away from the wharf or out to sea to be scuttled. The attempt succeeded in moving the wreck 47 feet further out from the wharf and depositing it across the natural tidal flow of the Cambridge Gulf, at which point the salvage attempt was abandoned due to the expense. The Koolama wreck remains in this position today, with the hull and part of its war

cargo (mainly foodstuffs) intact. A multi-beam survey conducted in 2010 by the Department of Transport shows the wreck lying on its starboard side, with the port side almost totally exposed and intact over

the entire length of the hull and the starboard side buried. The hull comes to within 3.7 m of the surface at lowest astronomical tide (LAT). An unexploded Japanese bomb is believed to lie still within the wreck.

The WA Museum is grateful to Gail Chadwick for her donation of the images to the Department of Maritime Archaeology Image Collection, and to AIMA member, Historical Diving Society-Southeast Asia Pacific (HDS SEAP) stalwart, author of Wrecks of War and 2014 Terry Arnott Award winner Des Williams, who was instrumental in organising the donation.

— Ross AndersonDepartment of Maritime Archaeology

Western Australian Museum

The Cinta Laut training vessel. (Photo courtesy Indonesia’s Directorate of Cultural Heritage Preservation and Museums)

Participants surveying under water. (Photo courtesy Indonesia’s Directorate of Cultural Heritage Preservation and Museums)

MV Koolama. (Photo from wrecksite.eu)

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AIMA at the Australian International Scuba & Underwater Sports Expo7–8 September 2013Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre

Leigh Gilchrist, Sarah Ward and David Nutley recently represented AIMA at ODEX, the Australian

International Scuba and Underwater Sports Expo, from 7–8 September. Situated poolside at the Sydney Aquatic Centre, there was plenty to see with underwater rugby, hockey and free-diving competitions, equipment trials, seminars and travel agencies. It was a great opportunity to promote AIMA and underwater heritage, as there were exhibitors and visitors from all across Australia. There were plenty of stories about wreck diving and considerable interest in AIMA’s training programs and the shipwreck photography competition. Special thanks to Mick Turner from ODEX for providing AIMA with a free booth, to Leigh, Sarah and David for helping out on the booth, to Peter Taylor for providing copies of his latest book and to Brad Duncan, Andrew Viduka and Jennifer Rodrigues for organising the merchandise, posters and flyers.

ODEX is a Sydney-based annual 3D Interactive Spring Trade and Consumer Show. The primary objective of ODEX is to offer Australian and International Exhibitors a professional networking platform and the opportunity to showcase products and services related to recreational scuba diving, dive travel and resorts, underwater imaging, marine conservation, freediving, spearfishing, underwater and ocean sports.

AIMA 2013 Conference and AGMTowards Ratification—Australia’s underwater cultural heritage4–6 October 2013Australian National University, Canberra

The primary objective of this year’s conference is to continue encouraging the Australian Government towards immediate ratification of the UNESCO 2001 Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, in order to meet international best practice standards for management of underwater cultural heritage. The conference is being hosted by the Research School of Humanities and the Arts of the Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, in the Sir Roland Wilson Building. Conference themes will highlight the variety and significance of underwater heritage in Australian waters and overseas, and the significant positive value that Australia’s ratification would have in the region.

The conference is preceded on 3 October by the Workshop on Ratifi-cation of the UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (UNCPUCH).

Conference paper and poster presentations run from 4–5 October. Session themes include:

• Australia’s Indigenous underwater cultural heritage

• Australia’s overseas underwater cultural heritage

• Ratification of the UNCPUCH and States’ positions in that regard

CONFERENCE NEWSWorkshopsSymposiaExpos

Leigh Gilchrist mans the AIMA booth at ODEX 2013. (Photo by Sarah Ward)

Sarah Ward talks to a visitor at the AIMA booth at ODEX 2013. (Photo by Leigh Gilchrist)

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• The archaeology of aircraft as underwater cultural heritage

• In-situ preservation and conservation of cultural heritage

• Commercial exploitation of UCH—issues, consequences and options for control

• The Edge of the Ocean• Capacity Building in UCH—Training

Needs, Goals, and Realities

All conference presenters are invited to submit their papers for publication in the Institute’s peer-reviewed journal, the AIMA Bulletin. Visit the publications page for full details, including the ‘Note to Authors’. Conference articles for publication in the Bulletin should be sent to publications@aima-underwater.org.au by 31 October 2013.

AIMA’s Annual General Meeting will take place following the conference from 18:00–19:00 on 5 October 2013 in Theatrette 2.02 of the Sir Roland Wilson Building, Research School of Humanities and the Arts, on the Acton Campus of The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT.

Additional information is available on the conference webpage at http://www.aima-underwater.org.au/conference-2013/. Contact e-mails for queries and other information can also be found on the webpage.

ASHA 2013 ConferenceArchaeological Narratives, In and Of the City.

The 2013 ASHA Conference will be held at the Former Kings School in Parramatta (Heritage Division Offices, 3 Marist Place), NSW, from 5–6 October 2013, preceded on 4 October by workshops on writing articles for publication and FAIMS (Federated Archaeological Information Management System). Parramatta is Australia’s second oldest city, part of the World Heritage Convict Sites Listing and home to a significant Aboriginal and Historical archaeological resource which is

increasingly threatened by fast paced urban development. The Conference dinner will be held at Lachlan’s Restaurant, Old Government House, Parramatta Park on Sunday 6 October.

The conference theme is designed to highlight the archaeology of urban places and returns the conference to its roots with a focus on all aspects of archaeological practice.

Conference Sessions (Saturday–Sunday, 4–5 October):

1. Archaeological Narratives—Stories in the City and of the City, Convenor: Martin Gibbs

2. Industrial Archaeology in the City, Convenors: Iain Stuart and Geraldine Mate

3. The Archaeology of Standing Buildings, Convenor: Denis Gojak

4. Dirty Stories—Archaeological Narratives of Colonial Sites and Landscapes, 1788–1850s, Convenor: Mary Casey

5. Maritime Cultural Landscapes, Convenors: Abi Cryerhall and Brad

Duncan

6. Look what I found, Convenor: Katrina Stankowski

Panel and Forum Discussion

The Role and Value of Research Archaeology in Australia, Convenors: Natalie Vinton and Mary Casey

Further details of all sessions are available at the 2013 Conference web site at http://www.asha.org.au/conference/.

SHA 2014 ConferenceThe 47th Conference on Historical and Underwater ArchaeologyQuestions That Count: A critical evaluation of historical archaeology in the 21st Century8–12 January 2014Québec City, Canada

The 47th Society for Historical Archaeology (SHA) and Advisory Council for Underwater Archaeology (ACUA) Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology will be held from 8–12 January 2014 in Québec City, Canada. The conference theme, “Questions That Count: A critical evaluation of historical archaeology in the 21st Century”, permits our community to take the measure of its development over the past quarter century, all while spanning the transition into the new millennium. Come and explore this theme in the birthplace of French America, the Old Québec UNESCO World Heritage District.For more information, see the conference web page at www.sha2014.com.

Québec City and historic Château Frontenac,. (Photos from Wikipedia)

AIMA Newsletter ISSN 1446–8948

Wendy van DuivenvoordeFlinders University, ArchaeologyGPO Box 2100ADELAIDE, SA 5001Ph: (08) 8201 5195Fax: (08) 8201 2784E-mail: president@aima-underwater.org.au Ross AndersonWA Museum, DMA47 Cliff StreetFREMANTLE, WA 6160Ph: (08) 9431 8442Fax: (08) 9431 8489E-mail: senior.vicepresident@aima-underwater.org.au Jennifer RodriguesWA Museum, DMA47 Cliff StreetFREMANTLE, WA 6160Ph: (08) 9431 8445Fax: (08) 9431 8489E-mail: vicepresident1@aima-underwater.org.au vacant

Madeleine FowlerFlinders University, ArchaeologyGPO Box 2100ADELAIDE, SA 5001Email: secretary@aima-underwater.org.auDebra ShefiFlinders University, Department of ArchaeologyGPO Box 2100ADELAIDE, SA 5001Ph: (08) 8201 2575Fax: (08) 8201 2784E-mail: treasurer@aima-underwater.org.au

Andrew VidukaPaddy WatersonCosmos Coroneos, Danielle WilkinsonAndy Dodd, Matt Carter

EDITOR’S NOTE

Northern Territory Tasmania South Australia

Western Australia

Victoria

Publications Committee

Newsletter Editor

Website Administrator

Public Officer

AIMA/NAS Senior Tutor

AIMA/NAS Committee

Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, Inc. Registration No. A0820044JWestern Australian Associations Incorporation Act 1987 Section 18(6)Newsletter Registered by Australia PostPublication No. WBH 1635

David SteinbergMike NashPeter Bell, Adrian Brown, Terry Drew, Amer Khan, Mark Polzer, Jason RauppMadeleine McAllister, Vicki Richards, Jim StedmanMark Ryan, Peter Taylor

Ross Anderson, Marc-André Bernier, Jeremy Green, David Gregory, Peter Harvey, William Jeffery, Margaret Leshikar-Denton, David Nutley, Bobby Orillaneda, Jason Raupp, Nathan Richards, Jennifer Rodrigues, Della Scott-Ireton, Debra Shefi, Myra Stanbury, Wendy van Duivenvoorde

Mark Polzer

Maddy McAllister

Corioli Souter

Cassandra Philippou

Andy Dodd, Jason Raupp, Corioli Souter, Rhonda Steel, David Steinberg

Officers Acting President

Senior Vice President

Vice President

Vice President

Secretary

Treasurer

State Councillors

A.C.T. QueenslandNew South Wales

New Zealand

This issue of the Newsletter is highlighted by James Hunter’s article on HMCS Protector, including some

of the ship’s fascinating story and the joint SAMM-UA project to digitally record and ‘preserve’ the wreck in its present state and environment using digital video, 3D photogrammetry, and laser scannning. The issue also has updates from the Northern Territory, Flinders University, Heritage Victoria and MAAV, and the Western Australian Museum’s Department of Maritime Archaeology. Enjoy, and see you in Canberra at the AIMA conference.

EXECUTIVEAIMA 2011–2012

The AIMA Newsletter is supported by:

THE HISTORIC SHIPWECKS PROGRAM

AIMA NewsletterVolume 32, Number 3

September 2013