Protecting ICT Systems

Internal & external threats Data & programs are vulnerable to both deliberate and

accidental damage, ranging from:– A floppy disk which becomes unusable– To hackers stealing millions from a major organisation

Internal threats:– Hardware failure– Faulty procedures– Natural disasters– Remote systems or laptops may be lost or not properly operated in

terms of back-ups and regular maintenance– Dishonest employees

External threats– Hackers– Viruses

Measures to protect systems

Physical restrictions Login procedures – UserID and passwords Levels of access Audit software Encryption

Types of backup

Online backup– Often simultaneous update of 3 systems – one remote

from the other 2

Periodic backups– Daily – stored off-site in a fireproof safe– Possible now to back up to internet providers

Backup of laptop data– Protects business in the event of loss or failure of

machine

Other measures

Virus checkers– Regular update of virus template is required to combat

new viruses– Responsible companies do not allow downloads from

internet or execution of attachments to e-mail– Careful vetting of staff– Comprehensive staff training– Considered siting of computer equipment to avoid basic

disasters like flooding

Internet access issues

Internet contains much unsuitable material Schools must guard against:

– Pupils accessing pornographic materials– Participation in chat rooms where pupils may be exposed to

undesirable strangers Business may want to control use of e-mail Some organisations achieve this by installing and

maintaining their own intranet (private internet) They have a firewall to prevent unsuitable material being

downloaded– This consists of a proxy server with special hardware and software

to maintain security.