Protec'ngthePoor–Be.erData,FasterResponseGroupDiscussiononhowinvestmentsinsystemscanimprovethespeed,transparency,accountabilityandaccuracyofscalingupsafetynetsinresponsetodisasters

GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR

1. Introductorypresenta'ononthetopicofusingsafetynetstorespondtodisasters[15mins]

2. Moderatedgroupdiscussiononsystemsrequiredforrapidresponse[30mins]

3. Rota'onoftables&repeat[30mins]

4. Summaryofdiscussion[10mins]

5. Finalwrapup[5mins]

Agenda: D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

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GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR 3 Source:MunichRe,2014

Thefrequencyandseverityofnaturaldisastersareincreasing,andmorepeoplearebeingaffected…

GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR

At the same time, there are many challenges facing the current international system for disaster response…

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….thehumanitariancommunityisunderincreasingstraintomeetever-growingneeds-  Insufficientresourcestodeliveragainstrecord

needs.•  ExistenceofaUS$14billionhumanitarian

fundinggap(UNOCHAHumanitarianStatusReport,July2015).

-  Withhumanitariancrisesbecomingmorefrequentandmoreprotracted,thelinesbetweendevelopmentandhumanitarianareblurred.

•  Averagedura'onofhumanitariancrisisisnow17years.

•  85percentofhumanitarianaidisgoingtocountriesthathavebeenreceivingitformorethan3years.

…clientgovernmentsanddonorsfacemul=pleinefficiencies-  Currentpost-disasteraiddeliveryisnotcosteffec=ve.-  Fragmenta'onofresponseacrossmanyactorsandlack

ofcoordina=onleadstoinefficiencies.•  E.g.:inthePhilippines,inresponsetoYolanda

(2013),atleast45differentinterna'onalhumanitarianagenciesimplementedseparatecashtransferprograms–alongsidethena'onalsocialsafetynetprogram.

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…thisisul'matelytothedetrimentofthosemostinneed-par'cularlythepoorest,forwhompost-disastersupportisofen:

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1.  Receivedtoolatetopreventnega'vecopingstrategiesandtheworstimpactsoflivelihoodandassetloss.

2.   Notguaranteed/predictableandthereforecannotberelieduponorfactoredintohouseholddecisionmaking.

3.  Inthewrongformandnotwellalignedwithactualneeds(i.e.oneformofin-kindwhenanotherisneeded).

Figure1:Sample'melineofhumanitarianemergencyresponseinEthiopia

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SafetyNets,supportedbytherightsystems,canbeamoreeffec'veandefficientpost-disasterresponsemechanism

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Socialsafetynetshelppoorhouseholdstomanageshocks(bothidiosyncra'cshocks-unemployment,illnessetc.–aswellascovariateshocks-macroeconomic,conflict,naturaldisasters)

Disasterandclimaterisksareincreasing,asarevulnerabili'estotheserisksamongpoorhouseholdsduetorapidurbaniza'onandclimatechange

DisasterResponsiveSafetyNets(DR-SNs)canhelpgovernmentsenhancetheirexis'ngsocialprotec'onmechanismstoofferrapidand'melyassistancetovulnerablehouseholdsaffectedbynaturaldisasters,andsoincreasetheirresiliencetoshocks

ThereisagrowingmomentumgloballytoexplorehowDR-SNscanbeusedasafirstrespondertodisasterevent

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Figure2:Thecycleofpovertyandvulnerabilityresul'ngfromnaturaldisasters

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D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

Pre-disasterassets

Disasterasset&livelihoodloss

Nega'vecoping

Recoveringfromdisasters

Assetre-accumula'on

DISA

STER

Repeat…

Fallinginto/backintopoverty

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WhatisaDisasterResponsiveSafetyNet?

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D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

Benefitamount

Popula=on

Regularsafetynetprogrambeneficiaries

Regularbenefit

Regularprogrambeneficiaries(subsetofthepoor)

Scalabilitycomponent

PoornotinregularSPprogram/vulnerable/near-poor

Addi'onalgrantamount

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Breakingthecycleofpovertyandvulnerabilityresul'ngfromnaturaldisasterswithDR-SNs

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D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

Pre-disasterassets

Disasterasset&livelihoodloss

DISA

STER

Thepoten=alimpactofDR-SNs

Suppor'nglostlivelihoodsandassetsthrough'melyinterven'onstoprotecthouseholdsfromfallingintopovertythroughnega'vecoping

Moreresilienthouseholds

GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR

MinistriesofFinance

•  Havefinancialdecision-makingpower:•  Currentlyusedtodistributefundspost-disaster.•  Candomoretoinsistonfinancialplanninginadvance.

•  Haveconveningpower:•  Currentlyusedtobringmul'pleactorstogethertodeveloppost-disasterresponseplans.

•  Candomoretobringmul'pleministriesandactorstogethertoimproveprepara'onandcoordina'oninadvance.

•  Havefinancialriskmanagementskills/exper'se•  Currentlyusedpublicdebtmanagement(i.e.managementofinterestrateandcurrencyrisk),andmanagementofothercon'ngentliabili'es.

•  Candomoretotakesimilarrisk-informedviewofthefiscalandeconomiccostofdisastershocks.

•  Havepolicy-makingauthority•  Candomoretodefineroles/responsibili'es/liabili'es,expandthemenuoffinancialtools,andstrengthenlegisla've/regulatoryframeworks.

Ontheground: D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

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DR-SNsrequire:1).Collabora=onandgreaterinterconnectednessamongthreekeyplayers;2).Priorinvestmentsinthesystemsnecessarytoenablerapidresponse.

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DisasterRiskManagementMinistries/AgenciesMacro-levelinforma=onandac=on• Createageospa'alunderstandingofprobabilityandimpactofnaturaleventsthroughdatagathering,managementandvisualiza'on–usedbyMoF.

• Implementriskreduc'onmeasuresandprepareforpost-disasterrecovery.

• Executepost-disasterrecoveryandreconstruc'onprograms.

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MinistryofSocialWelfare/SocialProtec=onSystemsMicro-level,householdinforma=onandprogramdelivery• Design&deliverprogramstoreachtoreachpoorandaffectedbeneficiaries.

• U'lizesasystemfortarge'ngbeneficiariesbasedon:1)inhighercapacitycountries,richdatabasesonincome/consump'onorproxiesforpovertyandvulnerability2)inlowercapacityenvironments,communitybasedtarge'ng.

• Managesnumerousotherrelevantinforma'onsystems,including:grievanceredresssystemtomanageinclusionandexclusionerrors;establishedpaymentsmechanismsforbenefitdelivery;pre-establishedmethodsforrigorousprogrammonitoringandevalua'on.

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Asimplifieddiagramofhowthekeylineministriescanworktogethertodesign,buildanddeliverDR-SNs

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Ex-AnteSystemsDevelopment

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D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

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MechanismsforEx-PostDelivery

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SCALABLE SOC IA L PROTECT ION

EXISTINGINFORMATIONSTRUCTURESLEVERAGED

TOCAPTUREDATAPROGRAMSCALESUPOPERATIONS BENEFITDELIVERY

SHOCK FUNDINGMADEAVAILABLE

GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR

1.  Threetableshavebeensetupintheroom,eachwithachairandafacilitator:(1)Communityengagement;(2)Disasterriskmanagement,and;(3)Finance

2.  Chairwillgiveintroductorycommentsonthe‘nutsandbolts’systemsintheirdesignatedareathatarerequiredforsafetynetstoscaleupandspecificallyonhowdataiscaptured,transferredandusedindisasterscenariostoenablethistohappen[10-15mins]

3.  Groupdiscussiononhowsystemscouldworkintheircountry(orexperience)[c.20mins]

4.  Rotateandselectanothertable

5.  Repeatstep2&3

6.  Summaryofkeypointsdiscussedattables[10mins]

7.  Finalwrapupandsummary[5mins]

GroupDiscussionFormat: D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

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ANNEX: D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

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ThankYou

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Ethiopia’sProduc'veSafetyNetProgram•  Launchedin2005•  Reaching10millionfood-insecurepeopleinEthiopia

•  Temporaryworkupto6months/year

•  Cashtransferstothechronicpoorthatareunabletowork•  FinancedbyGovernmentofEthiopia($500m),WorldBank($600m)and11otherdevelopmentpartners

•  Mechanismstorespondtolocalandlargerscaleshocks

www.slideproject.com

•  Foodshortageandfamine•  Ethiopia,theonlycountrynotto

increasepovertyintheregion•  PSNP:

•  Expandeditscoveragefrom6.5millionto9.6millionin2months

•  Extendedthedura'onofbenefitperiodfrom6mo/yrto9mo/yr.

PSNPandtheseveredroughtsinEastAfrica,2011

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GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR 21

Pakistan:Anevolu'onindisasterresponsivesafetynets

•  Highlydisasterpronecountry•  Highlevelsofpoverty•  Goodbankingsystem

•  Stronggovernmentcapacityforregisteringandtarge'ngbeneficiaries

GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR

Pakistan: The evolution in response to disasters

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D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

2005Earthquake:•  Responsecombinessafetynetstyperesponseforlivelihoodssupportandhousingreconstruc'oninaremote

area.•  Provescashtransfersareusefulfordisasterresponse,nascentsystemsdevelopedincludingMIS,grievance

redress,linkagestoBanksforpayments.2010Majorfloodresponse:•  U'lizessystemsandmechanismstestedin2005suchaspaymentsthroughbanks,useofna'onaldatabase

authoritytosupporttarge'ng,excellentMIS.•  Becomesblueprintforfutureprovincialfloodresponsesin2011,2012andon.Today:•  Afutureresponseac'onplanbasedonthecashtransferprogramwasapprovedbythePrimeMinister.•  CashtransfercostsnotconsideredaspartoffederalbudgetsoDRMteamdidanalysiscos'ngtohelp

Governmentconsidercostsofsuchresponses.•  Welldevelopedna'onalsafetynetinallpartsofthecountryandgrowingDRMawareness.

GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR 23

The2015NepalEarthquake•  Aviolentearthquake,measuring7.8ontheRichterscale.•  En'revillagesinpredominantlyruralareaswithhighpovertyandlowconnec'vity

werefla.ened.•  Majordamagewasnotsomuchtoinfrastructure(li.leofwhichexisted)buttorural

houses.

GSURR–GSPDR–GMFDR

Responding to the Nepal earthquake together

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D I SASTER R E SPONS IVE SAFETY NET S

•  Thedayafertheearthquake,theWorldBank’sDRMandSPteamsbegancoordina'ngtheirresponse.TheDRMteambroughtexper'seonhousingconstruc'onguidelines,cos'ng,infrastructure,andsoon,whiletheSPteamassistedwithsurveydesign,targe'ng,paymentsystems,andpro-poorengagementthroughouttheengagement.

•  TheR2D2communityofprac'cewastriggeredandheldavideoconference–genera'ngvaluableaddi'onalideasandapproachesthattheteamcouldintegratedintotheprogram.

•  ExperiencegainedfromthePakistancaseofdevelopingaDRSNwasleveragedbythoseinthefield–throughtheR2D2community-anddirectlyappliedtotheNepalcase,offeringgreatercredibilitytotheinterven'on’sbeingproposedthere.