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Prostate Cancer
What is prostate cancer?
Prostate Cancer
• Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men
• In the UK, 35,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year
• In the UK, 11,000 men die of prostate cancer every year
Prostate vs Breast Cancer
• Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the UK
• There were 12,082 deaths from breast cancer in the UK in 2007
• 11,990 (99%) of these were in women and 92 (1%) were in men
Where is the prostate gland?
Prostate Gland
The main types of prostate problems
• a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate called Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – this is the most common prostate problem
• inflammation or infection of the prostate (prostatitis)
• prostate cancer
Most common symptoms• A weak or reduced urine flow • A need to urinate more often, especially at
night • A feeling that your bladder has not emptied
properly • Difficulty starting to pass urine • Dribbling urine • Needing to rush to the toilet – you may
occasionally leak urine before you get there
If you have any of these symptoms, visit your GP!
What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
Who is most at risk?• Prostate cancer mainly affects men over the age of 50 • Younger men can be affected but this is rare • The risk of developing prostate cancer rises with age • Your risk increases if a close family member (father or
brother) has prostate cancer • Your risk increases further if more than one close
relative has prostate cancer, or if your relative was under the age of 60 when they were diagnosed
• In the UK, Afro-Caribbean men are three times more likely than white men to develop prostate cancer
What can I do to help prevent developing prostate
cancer?
Improve your diet• You cannot alter most risk factors; but you
can control your diet. This will also have other health benefits such as reducing your risk of heart disease and diabetes
• Research suggests that some foods not only help to prevent prostate cancer, but may also slow down the growth of prostate cancer in men who already have the disease, or reduce the chance of prostate cancer returning after treatment
What should I eat?What should I eat more of? What does it do? How do I include it in my diet?
Fruit and vegetablesReduces your risk of cancer and other medical problems
Eat at least five portions each dayTry to include a ‘rainbow of colours’ in your diet
Cruciferous vegetablesMay reduce your risk of getting prostate cancer
Eat more cabbage-like vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, bok choy and kale
LycopeneMay reduce your risk of prostate cancer and slow down its spread
Lycopene is found in tomatoes (particularly cooked and processed tomatoes), watermelon, pink grapefruit, guava and papaya
Green teaMay protect against development and growth of prostate cancer
Try drinking green tea in place of any hot drinks you have throughout the day
Oily fishFats in oily fish may help prevent prostate cancer developing and growing
Eat fresh, canned or frozen oily fish two or three times each weekExamples of oily fish include sardines, pilchards, mackerel, salmon, tuna (fresh or frozen tuna only) and shrimp
SoyMay reduce the risk of prostate cancer
Choose traditional forms of soy such as tofu, miso and tempeh, available from supermarkets and health food shops
PulsesMay help to prevent prostate cancer
Include more beans, peas and lentils in your diet
Whole grainsMay reduce your risk of several cancers, including prostate cancer
Whole grain foods include brown bread, whole grain cereals, whole grain pasta
AA RainRainbowbow ofof ColoursColours
RedTomatoes, raspberries, watermelon, kidney beans, strawberries, red onions, radishes, red peppers
Purple Aubergines, grapes, aduki beans, blueberries, red cabbage, plums
OrangeCarrots, oranges, mangoes, apricots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, orange peppers, butternut squash
Yellow Pineapples, sweetcorn, peaches, chicory, bananas, yellow peppers
GreenSpinach, broccoli, avocados, peas, pears, kiwi fruit, lettuce, green peppers, courgettes, marrows, fresh herbs, watercress
What happens at the doctor’s?
• You can talk to your doctor about your symptoms and you can ask any him/her any questions you may have
• Your doctor may ask you to fill out a questionnaire about your symptoms to see how much bother they are causing you
• There are a few tests that your doctor may carry out to find out if you have a prostate problem
What are the tests?Common tests are:• A urine ‘dipstick’ test to check for infection • A blood test called a Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
test – usually done once an infection has been ruled out
• A physical examination called DRE (Digital Rectal Examination) – usually done after the urine and blood tests
• A test to measure the force of your urine flow • An ultrasound scan to check whether your bladder is
emptying properly
The PSA Test• The prostate gland makes a protein called
PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen). It is normal to have some PSA in the blood. The PSA level rises as you get older, so a man aged 70 will have a higher PSA than a man aged 50
• Your GP can measure the amount of PSA in your blood by taking a sample of your blood and sending it to a laboratory to be tested. If there is a problem in the prostate caused by BPH, prostatitis or prostate cancer, the levels of PSA in the blood can go up
New Treatments• Abiraterone, the wonder drug that had
amazing trial results two years ago • It shrunk tumours in 80% of men whose
cancer had spread throughout their body
• The reovirus, injected into patients, found it killed off cancer cells but spared normal tissue
New Treatments
What support is available?
The Prostate Cancer Charity provide support and information to partners, sons, daughters, brothers, sisters and friends of men affected by prostate cancer.
As well as offering support either by telephone or via e-mail, they also signpost callers to support groups and other sources of valuable information.
Telephone Support Helpline: 0800 074 8383Monday to Friday 10am - 4pm / Wednesday 7pm - 9pm
Website: www.prostate-cancer.org.uk
Email: [email protected]
Real Man Campaign
M&S & the Prostate Cancer Charity join forces every year to promote prostate cancer awareness with their blue, ‘Real Man’ pin badge
