Prospects for High Temperature Prospects for High Temperature Superconducting MagnetsSuperconducting Magnets

David LarbalestierDavid Larbalestier

National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32310University, Tallahassee FL 32310

NHMFL User Committee Meeting

October 2, 2009

YBCO properties: Aixia Xu, Fumitake Kametani, Jan Jaroszynski, Youri Viouchkov

YBCO coil R+D and test: Ulf Trociewitz, Huub Weijers, Patrick Noyes, Bill Shepherd, Ken Pickard, Denis Markiewicz

Bi-2212 Coil and test: Ulf Trociewitz, David Myers, Jianyi Jiang, Eric Hellstrom, Huub Weijers, Patrick Noyes

YBCO conductor by SuperPower (Venkat Selvamanickam, Yi-Yuan Xie, Drew Hazelton and colleagues)

Bi-2212 conductor by Oxford Superconducting Technology (Yibing Huang, Hanping Miao and colleagues) and processing by Jianyi Jiang, Tengming Shen, Michael LoSchiavo, Eric

Hellstrom)

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 2

Themes (November 2008)

All superconducting high field magnets provide a technology pull for HTS conductors

The needed conductors are now here and have been tested in small coils made at the MagLab to B > 30T

An all superconducting user magnet has been designed (~32 T, 34 mm 4K bore)

The January NSF Major research instrumentation program provides a vehicle to seek funding for such a magnet

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 3

Some words from the 2008 User Committee report

“The prospect of an all-superconducting 32 tesla magnet is very exciting. This could reduce operating costs while allowing more measurements to be done, particularly for fixed field measurements such as NMR and specific heat, and indeed this is an exciting development for the field as a whole. “

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 4

January 2009 Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Program Submission

MRI: Development of a 32 T All-Superconducting Magnet System using YBa2Cu3O7-x Coated Conductors

 

PIs: Denis Markiewicz and David Larbalestier, (National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University), and Stephen Julian (Department of Physics, University of Toronto).

 

The Intellectual Merit of Our Goals: Our goal is an all-superconducting 32 T magnet. The enabling technology is YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7-x) thin-film coated high temperature superconductor (HTS-CC) which has just become available in 0.1-1 km lengths. YBCO CC offer the possibility of transforming superconducting magnet technology, because its 4 K critical fields are well above 100 T, compared to the 30 T of Nb3Sn from which magnets can only made with maximum fields of about 22 T.

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 5

32 T Magnet Parameters

Total field 32 T

Field inner YBCO coils 17 T

Field outer LTS coils 15 T

Cold inner bore 32 mm

Uniformity 5x10-4 1cm DSV

Current 186 A

Inductance 436 H

Stored Energy 7.54 MJ

YBCO

Nb3Sn

NbTi

Good news – fully funded at $2 million over 3 years starting 10/09 – talk by Denis Markiewicz on the tour

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 6

The Global Context is provided by COHMAG- Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science – 2004

Grand magnet challenges:

30T NMR (All SC)

60T Hybrid (R + SC )

100T Long Pulse (R)

All require materials in conductor forms that were not

available in 2004

They now are!

Means:….the involved communities [users and magnet builders] should cooperate to establish a consortium whose objective would be to address the fundamental materials science and engineering problems that will have to be solved…….. COHMAG report 2004

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 7

..and locally by user demands, the power bill, and the NSF budget….

Provides the world’s highest magnetic fields45T DC in hybrid, 32 mm warm bore

Purely resistive magnets: 35T in 32 mm warm bore, 31 T in 50 mm bore and 19T in 195 mm warm bore

20 MW resistive magnet ~$2400/hr at full power

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 8

10

100

1000

10000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Applied Field (T)

JE (

A/m

m²)

YBCO Insert Tape (B|| Tape Plane)

YBCO Insert Tape (B Tape Plane)

MgB2 19Fil 24% Fill (HyperTech)

2212 OI-ST 28% Ceramic Filaments

NbTi LHC Production 38%SC (4.2 K)

Nb3Sn RRP Internal Sn (OI-ST)

Nb3Sn High Sn Bronze Cu:Non-Cu 0.3

YBCO B|| Tape Plane

YBCO B Tape Plane

2212

RRP Nb3Sn

BronzeNb3SnMgB2

Nb-TiSuperPower tape used in record breaking NHMFL insert coil 2007

18+1 MgB2/Nb/Cu/Monel Courtesy M. Tomsic, 2007

427 filament strand with Ag alloy outer sheath tested at NHMFL

Maximal JE for entire LHC Nb Ti strand production (CERN-T. Boutboul '07)

Compiled from ASC'02 and ICMC'03 papers (J. Parrell OI-ST)

4543 filament High Sn Bronze-16wt.%Sn-0.3wt

%Ti (Miyazaki-MT18-IEEE’04)

HTS greatly extends the capability at 4K

Courtesy Peter Lee www.asc.magnet.fsu.edu

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 9

YBCO Coated conductor by SuperPower (Guilderland NY) – available since mid 2007

Phenomenal Jc in the YBCO - ~20 x 106 A/cm2 at 25T

YBCO is ~1% of cross-section

50% is high strength superalloy

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

4.2K//c 4.2K//ab

J c (

MA

/cm

2)

0H (Tesla)

2 m Ag

20m Cu

20m Cu

50m Hastelloy substrate

1 m HTS

~ 30 nm LMO

~ 30 nm Homo-epi MgO~ 10 nm IBAD MgO

< 0.1 mm

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 10

YBCO Test Coils – ’09 update

SuperPower I.

Bmax = 26.8 T

ΔB = 7.8 T

SuperPower II.

Bmax = 27 T

ΔB = 7 T

NHMFL I.

Bmax = 33.8 T

ΔB = 2.8 T

NHMFL II.

Bmax = 20.4 T

ΔB = 0.4 T

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 11

Bi-2212 round wire technology too – layer winding, cablable conductor

Bi2212 Ag-sheathed conductor before heat treatment

Bi-2212 filaments after heat treatment

Round wires enable cabling into the high current conductors needed for large magnets or fast ramp magnets

Arno Godeke Magnet Group, LBNL

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 12

HTS insert coil trends – ’09 updateyear BA+BHTS=Btotal

[T]

Jave

[A/mm2]

Stress [MPa]

JavexBAxRmax

Stress [MPa] JexBAxRmax

2003

2008

2008

BSCCO20+5=25 T(tape)

20+2=22 T(wire)

31+1=31 T (wire)

89

92

80

125

69

47

175

109

89

2007 YBCO- SP 19+7.8=26.8 T 259 215 382

2008 YBCO-NHMFL 31+2.8=33.8 T 460 245 324

2009 YBCO -SP 20+7.2=27.2 211 185 314

2009 YBCO-NHMFL

(strain limited)20+0.1= 20.1 241 392 ~611

39 mm

YBCO SP 2007 87 mm

163 mm

Bi-2212 38 mm

Summary by Weijers

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 13

An HEP Collaboration to develop round wire 2212 conductor and coil technology (Arup

Ghosh (BNL) , David Larbalestier (FSU), and Alvin Tollestrup (FNAL)) - funded August ‘09 at

$4 million over 2 years

Conductor understanding (PIs – Eric Hellstrom (NHMFL) and Terry Holesinger (LANL)

Conductor mechanical properties – Najib Cheggour (NIST) and Arno Godeke (LBNL)

Cable development – Emanuela Barzi (FNAL) and Al McInturff (TAMU/LBNL)

Quench analysis – Soren Prestomon (LBNL) and Justin Schwartz (NCSU)

Coil Development – Ulf Trociewitz (NHMFL) and Arno Godeke (LBNL)

Industrial conductor development – Ken Marken (LANL) and Arup Ghosh (BNL)

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 14

Rutherford and Roebel cables needed for large magnets

Predicted perp. field Ic of 15 strand, 5 mm wide Roebel YBCO cable – parallel 5-7 times higher

Arno Godeke, Magnet Group, LBNL

Bi-2212

YBCO – Nick Long (IRL) and Andrew Priest (General Cable

NZ)

Rutherford cable (flattened, fully transposed cable) works well for round wire 2212

Major task of the HEP collaboration

YBCO tape cannot be Rutherford cabled but cabling by the Roebel method is possible

Under evaluation by Karlsruhe and General Cable and IRL (NZ)

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 15

Developing the case for a long term R&D effort

Magnet-pull focusNMR HTS coil

40 T small HTS coil (31 T background)

Finding the limits (stress, energy density, quench….)

High current cables (e.g. Zeemans)

Conductor-pull focusYBCO coated conductors are evolving rapidly driven by 40-77K, 0-3 T use – what about 4 K, 20-40 T properties?

Bi-2212 is round wire and multifilament – but has intrinsically poor vortex pinning due to large electronic anisotropy

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80

Temperature (K)

Irre

vers

ibili

ty F

ield

(T

)

Nb-Ti

Nb3Sn

YBCO ()

Bi-2223 ()

MgB2 ()

Bi-2212 RW ()

2212 and YBCO have 3 times the critical fields of Nb3Sn but their conductor technology is still primitive….

What we really want are the vortex pinning properties of YBCO and the grain boundary properties of 2212

Why not…………..?

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 16

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 17

Timelines and Progress2006 – Renewal proposal takes up the COHMAG challenge

2007 – experimental concentration on 2212 and formation of HEP collaborations, first joint SP-NHMFL YBCO coil

Definition of the key problems of the conductor technology and formation of a focused attack on the issues

New benchmark for a superconducting magnet – 26.8T

2008 – parallel paths for YBCO and 2212 now clearly warranted32 T all superconducting MRI proposal rejected on technicality (too many from FSU)

Multilab 2212 proposal submitted from Fermilab (PIs – Larbalestier and Alvin Tollestrup – BNL/FNAL/LANL/LBNL/NHMFL/NIST

New world record small magnets of 2212 (32T) and YBCO (33.8T)

2009 – recognition that our R&D program was indeed promising$2M MRI for 32 T awarded (10/09 start, PIs Markiewicz, Larbalestier and Steve Julian)

$4M awarded by DOE-HEP over 2 years to evaluate the coil-readiness of Bi-2212 (6/09 start) PIs Larbalestier and Alvin Tollestrup (Fermilab) with multilab efforts at BNL, FNAL, LANL, LBNL, NHMFL and NIST

David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009David Larbalestier NHMFL User Committee Meeting, Tallahassee FL November 2-3, 2009 Slide 18

Bi-2212 round wire coil (Trociewitz, Weijers, DCL on Oxford 2212) conductor reached 32.1 T in 31 T background

coil specs:15 mm ID, 38 mm OD100 mm high10 layers, 750 turns, 66 m B = 1.2 T at 31 TL ~ 1 mH

• first HTS wire-wound coil to go beyond 30 T

• slight discoloration of braid at enclosed feed-through• “regular” HT, no visible leaks

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

sample #

I c (

A)

unbraided

braided

d = 15 mmT = 4.2 KB = 5 T

15mm spiral results

before HT after HT