PROSPECT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE PROSPECT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH CDM MANAGEMENT THROUGH CDM

PROJECT IN INDONESIAPROJECT IN INDONESIAJJ

ByByMasnellyarti HilmanMasnellyarti Hilman

Deputy Minister for Nature Conservation Enhancement Deputy Minister for Nature Conservation Enhancement and Environmental Destruction Controland Environmental Destruction Control

Scheme of Municipal Waste ManagementScheme of Municipal Waste Managementin Indonesiain Indonesiain Indonesiain Indonesia

Increasing of Consumption of

Natural Resources d l

Population Increase and Material

Increasing of using

packaging, such as paper, plastic bottles,

plastic bags

Increase

Environmental Pollution

plastic bags, cans, etc

Domestic Waste Increase

Facility and Infrastructure are

not feasible Increase(2% – 4% per year)

not feasible

HOW TO SOLVEHOW TO SOLVETHIS PROBLEMS ?

Existing Condition of Municipal Existing Condition of Municipal Waste Management in IndonesiaWaste Management in Indonesia

National Regulation regarding to Municipal National Regulation regarding to Municipal Waste Management still has not been set upWaste Management still has not been set up

Local Regulation regarding to Municipal Local Regulation regarding to Municipal Waste Management mostly still has not been Waste Management mostly still has not been Waste Management mostly still has not been Waste Management mostly still has not been set up tooset up too

Technical Guidance to manage municipal Technical Guidance to manage municipal waste is still not being implemented wellwaste is still not being implemented well

Solid Waste Problems Solid Waste Problems i I d ii I d iin Indonesiain Indonesia

Inconsistency policy in handling municipal Inconsistency policy in handling municipal Inconsistency policy in handling municipal Inconsistency policy in handling municipal wastewaste

Mostly city has not a consistent master Mostly city has not a consistent master plan for managing solid waste, because plan for managing solid waste, because management for municipal waste is only a management for municipal waste is only a g p yg p ytemporary planningtemporary planning

Municipal waste is still not become an Municipal waste is still not become an Municipal waste is still not become an Municipal waste is still not become an important priority in local government important priority in local government policypolicy

Solid Waste Problems Solid Waste Problems in Indonesiain Indonesia …… …… (continue)(continue)

Limited budget for handling municipal waste, Limited budget for handling municipal waste, Limited budget for handling municipal waste, Limited budget for handling municipal waste, which cause:which cause:

Limited investment for sanitary facilityLimited investment for sanitary facilityLimited operational and maintenance cost for Limited operational and maintenance cost for Limited operational and maintenance cost for Limited operational and maintenance cost for sanitary facilitysanitary facilityDifficulty in increasing quality and quantity in Difficulty in increasing quality and quantity in sanitary servicessanitary servicesLocal government can not develop a proper final Local government can not develop a proper final disposal that care about sanitary and environment disposal that care about sanitary and environment aspect. aspect.

The final disposal which is not sanitary landfill The final disposal which is not sanitary landfill could produce leachate that cause water pollution; could produce leachate that cause water pollution; and also smoke and smell that cause air emissionand also smoke and smell that cause air emissionand also smoke and smell that cause air emissionand also smoke and smell that cause air emission

The Existing Condition of Final MunicipalThe Existing Condition of Final MunicipalThe Existing Condition of Final Municipal The Existing Condition of Final Municipal Waste Disposal Area in IndonesiaWaste Disposal Area in Indonesia

Condition of many final municipal waste Condition of many final municipal waste management center is still not being management center is still not being management center is still not being management center is still not being constructing and operating regardless the constructing and operating regardless the environmental issuesenvironmental issues

There is no sorting mechanism in managing There is no sorting mechanism in managing municipal waste in Indonesiamunicipal waste in Indonesiamunicipal waste in Indonesiamunicipal waste in Indonesia

Managing Municipal Waste in Managing Municipal Waste in Indonesia Indonesia

Di tl b ht t th Fi l Di l A Di tl b ht t th Fi l Di l A Directly brought to the Final Disposal Area Directly brought to the Final Disposal Area (TPA) 40.09%(TPA) 40.09%Landfilling 7 54%Landfilling 7 54%Landfilling 7.54%Landfilling 7.54%Treating (Composting and Recovery) Treating (Composting and Recovery) 1.61%1.61%Incinerated 35.49%Incinerated 35.49%Others (Throwing to the environment) Others (Throwing to the environment) ( g )( g )15.27% 15.27%

Source : BPSSource : BPS 20012001Source : BPSSource : BPS--20012001

Types of Final Disposal Area (TPA)Types of Final Disposal Area (TPA)in Indonesiain Indonesia

Sanitary Landfill Sanitary Landfill Sanitary Landfill Sanitary Landfill note:note: Bantar Gebang, Jakarta (not operated Bantar Gebang, Jakarta (not operated optimally)optimally)C t l L dfillC t l L dfillControl LandfillControl Landfillnote: note: 10 TPA in metropolitan and big city (not 10 TPA in metropolitan and big city (not operated optimally)operated optimally)Open Dumping Open Dumping note: note: almost in all Indonesian citiesalmost in all Indonesian citiesLast identified by MoE in year 2004 there are 62 Last identified by MoE in year 2004 there are 62 Last identified by MoE in year 2004, there are 62 Last identified by MoE in year 2004, there are 62 TPA classified as Open Dumping and only 1 is TPA classified as Open Dumping and only 1 is Control Landfill (Bantar Gebang)Control Landfill (Bantar Gebang)

Government EffortsGovernment EffortsMonitoring and evaluating environmental institution Monitoring and evaluating environmental institution performance based on municipal/solid waste performance based on municipal/solid waste management green area and water pollution control management green area and water pollution control management, green area and water pollution control management, green area and water pollution control aspects and also based on criteria and indicator have aspects and also based on criteria and indicator have been acceptedbeen acceptedIncreasing Stakeholdes capacity building in Increasing Stakeholdes capacity building in g p y gg p y genvironmental management through training and environmental management through training and workshop for local government, NGOs, community workshop for local government, NGOs, community leader and university.leader and university.Supporting working group among the local Supporting working group among the local Supporting working group among the local Supporting working group among the local government in environemntal managementgovernment in environemntal managementDeveloping ADIPURA Program especially for Developing ADIPURA Program especially for information sytem in Bali and Nusa Tenggara and information sytem in Bali and Nusa Tenggara and information sytem in Bali and Nusa Tenggara and information sytem in Bali and Nusa Tenggara and also geographyc aplication information system in also geographyc aplication information system in SumateraSumateraDeveloping community complaining systemDeveloping community complaining systemBuilding Pilot projectBuilding Pilot project for domestic waste for domestic waste management by implementing 4R methodmanagement by implementing 4R method

ADIPURA PROGRAMADIPURA PROGRAM

ADIPURAADIPURA programprogram isis aa voluntaryvoluntary programprogram designeddesigned byby thetheMinistryMinistry ofof EnvironmentEnvironment toto encourageencourage locallocal governmentgovernmentMinistryMinistry ofof EnvironmentEnvironment toto encourageencourage locallocal governmentgovernmentbeingbeing goodgood environmentalenvironmental governancegovernance toto createcreate cleanclean andandgreengreen citycity..

ScopeScope ofof workwork isis stillstill focusingfocusing onon citycity (province)(province) areaarea butbutatat lastlast itit willwill covercover allall thethe districsdistrics areaarea..

ProgramProgram ADIPURAADIPURA structurestructure criteriacriteria isis usingusing twotwo indicatorsindicatorsProgramProgram ADIPURAADIPURA structurestructure criteriacriteria isis usingusing twotwo indicatorsindicatorswhichwhich areare physicphysic indicatorindicator andand nonnon--physicphysic indocatorindocator..PhysicPhysic indicatorindicator isis aa reflectionreflection ofof city’scity’s infrastuructureinfrastuructureconditioncondition (such(such asas:: housing,housing, river,river, beach)beach) thatthat relatedrelated withwithcleanclean andand greengreen citycity issueissue AndAnd nonnon physicphysic indicatorindicator isis anancleanclean andand greengreen citycity issueissue.. AndAnd nonnon--physicphysic indicatorindicator isis ananindicatorindicator ofof thethe environmentalenvironmental managementmanagement..

Roles of Private SectorRoles of Private SectorRoles of Private SectorRoles of Private Sector

Private sector participation in managing Private sector participation in managing municipal waste is still very little. Only Bantar municipal waste is still very little. Only Bantar Gebang has been managed by private sector Gebang has been managed by private sector Gebang has been managed by private sector Gebang has been managed by private sector PT. Patriot Bangkit Bekasi.PT. Patriot Bangkit Bekasi.We need more industry contribution for 3R We need more industry contribution for 3R issues (Recycling, Reduction and Recovery) in issues (Recycling, Reduction and Recovery) in waste managementwaste managementHow to convince private sector that managing How to convince private sector that managing How to convince private sector that managing How to convince private sector that managing waste is having economic valuewaste is having economic value

Roles of CommunityRoles of Community

The community participation right now is not optimum The community participation right now is not optimum so it needs an effot to become more systematic and so it needs an effot to become more systematic and synergy participation regarding with waste managemet synergy participation regarding with waste managemet synergy participation regarding with waste managemet synergy participation regarding with waste managemet institution to gain a harmonize relationship. institution to gain a harmonize relationship. Socialization mechanism is needed to educate people in Socialization mechanism is needed to educate people in managing their waste in a good way. managing their waste in a good way. g g g yg g g yHow to create public awareness for Indonesia peopleHow to create public awareness for Indonesia peopleIncentive for public who has participated in reducing Incentive for public who has participated in reducing their household wastetheir household waste

Roles of International InstitutionRoles of International Institution

Supporting stackholders (private and public sector) in Supporting stackholders (private and public sector) in increasing their bussiness oppurtunity through well increasing their bussiness oppurtunity through well

i i l t t b i i t b idi i l t t b i i t b idmunicipal waste management by giving grant or subsidymunicipal waste management by giving grant or subsidy

National Criteria for Sustainable National Criteria for Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment11 Environmental sustainability by practicing Environmental sustainability by practicing 1.1. Environmental sustainability by practicing Environmental sustainability by practicing

natural resource conservation and natural resource conservation and diversificationdiversification M i t i t i bilit f l l l i l M i t i t i bilit f l l l i l ~ Maintain sustainability of local ecological ~ Maintain sustainability of local ecological

functionsfunctions~~ Not exceeding the threshold of existing national, Not exceeding the threshold of existing national,

as well as local environmental standards (not as well as local environmental standards (not as well as local, environmental standards (not as well as local, environmental standards (not causing air, water and/or soil pollution)causing air, water and/or soil pollution)

~~ Maintaining genetic, species, and ecosystem Maintaining genetic, species, and ecosystem biodiversity and not permitting any genetic biodiversity and not permitting any genetic biodiversity and not permitting any genetic biodiversity and not permitting any genetic pollutionpollution

~~ Complying with existing land use planning Complying with existing land use planning

22……

2 Local community health and safety2. Local community health and safety

3. Local community welfare (Not lowering local community’s income)y )

4. There are adequate measures to overcome the possible impact of lowered income of communitypossible impact of lowered income of communitymembers

5. Not lowering local public services5. Not lowering local public services

6. Local community participation in the project

7. Technology transfer(Not using experimental or obsolete technologies and should Enhancing the capacity and utilization of g p ylocal technology)

Waste to Energy through Waste to Energy through CDM ProjectCDM Project

Encourage energy diversification or conservation Encourage energy diversification or conservation programprogramEncourage clean energy or clean energy technology Encourage clean energy or clean energy technology g gy gy gyg gy gy gydevelopmentdevelopmentEncourage preservation of environmental functionsEncourage preservation of environmental functionsUtilization of Landfill Gas (Methane)Utilization of Landfill Gas (Methane)~ Potential to reduce Green House Gas~ Potential to reduce Green House Gas~ Reducing methane emission ~ Reducing methane emission methane capturemethane capture~ Landfill gas emissions impacts can be mitigated by ~ Landfill gas emissions impacts can be mitigated by g p g yg p g y

collecting the gas from the landfill and burning it for collecting the gas from the landfill and burning it for use as a fuel sourceuse as a fuel source

~ It could contribute to the improvement of the ~ It could contribute to the improvement of the ppeconomy and sustainable development in Indonesiaeconomy and sustainable development in Indonesia

Id tifi d W tId tifi d W t tt E P j tE P j tIdentified WasteIdentified Waste--toto--Energy ProjectsEnergy Projects

WasteWaste toto Energy (about 0 6 MT/year)Energy (about 0 6 MT/year)WasteWaste--toto--Energy (about 0.6 MT/year)Energy (about 0.6 MT/year)

PT Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI Malang: PT Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI Malang: PT. Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI, Malang: PT. Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI, Malang: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Energy 17,000 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Energy 17,000 T/YearT/YearPT Bi i S P d & YCBI S bPT Bi i S P d & YCBI S bPT. Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI, Surabaya:PT. Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI, Surabaya:MSW to Energy 30,000 T/YearMSW to Energy 30,000 T/YearPT. Navigat Organik Energi Indonesia, Bali: PT. Navigat Organik Energi Indonesia, Bali: PT. Navigat Organik Energi Indonesia, Bali: PT. Navigat Organik Energi Indonesia, Bali: MSW to Energy 2 x 10 MW:500,000 T/YearMSW to Energy 2 x 10 MW:500,000 T/Year

DNA (Designated National Authority)DNA (Designated National Authority)Ministry Degree Number 206 year 2005 regarding Ministry Degree Number 206 year 2005 regarding the DNA for CDMthe DNA for CDMFunctions of the DNA Functions of the DNA

Regulatory (mandatory)Regulatory (mandatory)-- Granting recommendation to CDM project proposals that Granting recommendation to CDM project proposals that Granting recommendation to CDM project proposals that Granting recommendation to CDM project proposals that pass Indonesia’s sustainable development criteriapass Indonesia’s sustainable development criteria

-- Tracking and annual reporting to the UNFCCC Tracking and annual reporting to the UNFCCC S t i tS t i tSecretariatSecretariat

Promotional (optional)Promotional (optional)-- Facilitating communications between investors andFacilitating communications between investors andproject proponents as well as other stakeholdersproject proponents as well as other stakeholders

-- Facilitating capacity building for Indonesian institutionsFacilitating capacity building for Indonesian institutionsto be able to propose and implement CDM projectsto be able to propose and implement CDM projects

-- Providing information on available CERs and/or CERsProviding information on available CERs and/or CERspotential to potential buyerspotential to potential buyers

ConclusionsConclusions

The amount of municpal waste per capacity is linear The amount of municpal waste per capacity is linear with population.with population.with population.with population.

In general, metropolitan and big city population In general, metropolitan and big city population produce more waste than middle and small city produce more waste than middle and small city produce more waste than middle and small city produce more waste than middle and small city population.population.

Local governments should increase their budget for Local governments should increase their budget for Local governments should increase their budget for Local governments should increase their budget for managing municipal waste to achieve more clean city.managing municipal waste to achieve more clean city.

By having sorting system in handling municipal waste,By having sorting system in handling municipal waste,it reveals a big opportunity for producing compostingand also for recovery plastic waste and paper wastewith high quality and have marketablewith high quality and have marketable.

Conclusions Conclusions …(continue)…(continue)Co c us o sCo c us o s (co t ue)(co t ue)

Need to change government point of view in building Final Municipal Waste Disposal. Substitute open dumping to sanitary landfill. It is judicious to build regional sanitary landfill which then be operated and protected together among some cities/districts

Landfill Gas Utilization could be one of the options to Landfill Gas Utilization could be one of the options to solve municipal waste management in Indonesia that solve municipal waste management in Indonesia that concerning environmental aspect and has additional concerning environmental aspect and has additional

f ff fcriteria. It also fulfill the criteria to become CDM criteria. It also fulfill the criteria to become CDM Project.Project.