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8/7/2019 Prospect and challenges of bio oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/prospect-and-challenges-of-bio-oil 1/28
2007 Biofuels & Feedstocks
Prospects & Challenges of Biomass
& Biofuels usage in Power
Generation
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© SunTechnics 2
Introduction
Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the world’s
energy demand. (1)
Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2 neutral.
More economically viable now with CDM and CER cert’s sale (for
certain situations - primarily on methane emission reduction).
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© SunTechnics 3
Abundant Biomass resources in Asia
More than 30% of the world’s Biomass resources located in Asia. (1)
Cost competitive rates for labor input and transportation.
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Various technologies and options available
Direct Biomass combustion
Generation of electricity through heat & steam
Biomass Liquefaction via Pyrolysis
Power generation by combustion of pyrolysis oil
Gasification of Biomass
Power generation using derived producer gas
Organic plant based oil (i.e. Crude Palm Oil - CPO)
Generation of electricity using CPO
Biogas anaerobic digestion
Power generation using scrubbed methane gas
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
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Biomass Combustion
Relatively established and proven technologies
Economically viable for sizes between 6MWe to 15MWe
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Economical viability of Biomass combustion
Example from a high cost country: Japan
Fuel cost around 5000 yen (USD 42) per ton wood waste Construction cost USD 2.7 million per MWe
Electricity selling price USD 12.5 cents per kWh
Estimated break-even (payback) time is 6 years
Eg. low cost: Malaysia
EFB fuel USD 6.3
USD 1.8 mio MWe
Elect sell USD 6.4c
Breakeven 7 yrs
Viable without subsidy
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Prospective segments & challenges
Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to:
Industrial Factories owners Plantation/Mill owners
Sugar cane (Bagasse)
Rice (Rice Husks)
Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes)
Corn (Corn Wastes)
Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells)
Cassava (Roots, Stems)
Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for factory use
Main challenges:
securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at
stable prices
selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell
electricity
(2)
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Biomass Liquefaction via Pyrolysis
A process similar to Gasification
Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition
Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil)
Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle
Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical generation
Ref. (3)
(4)
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Economical viability of pyrolysis oil
Quick Comparision
Crude oil (fossil) at
USD 50 per barrel
~ USD 12 per GJ (4)
EFB pyrolysis oil
~ USD 8 per GJ (4)
Suitable for factory
process heat & electric
Ref. (4)
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Prospective segments & challenges
Example solution for EFB pyrolysis oil
Attractive to Palm Oil Mill owners
Coverts EFB wastes into Bio-oil CER credit for better profitability
Closed cycle for mill’s waste
If tap POME for Biogas
Main challenge: Need cheap electricity
supply for the pyrolysis process
(can be obtained from Biogas plant)
Ref. (4)
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Gasification of Biomass
Obtain producer gas (syngas) through heating of Biomass in
limited oxygen condition
Stoichiometric (normal) combustion has air-to-fuel ratio of 6:1
Sub-stoichiometric (gasification) has air-to-fuel ratio of 1.5:1
Syngas: H2 20%, CO2 12%, CH4 3%, CO 20%, balance N2
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Economical viability of Biomass Gasification
Ref. (5)
USD 35 per ton
USD 25 per ton
USD 16 per ton
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Prospective segments & challenges
Small sized Biomass Gasifiers
Suitable for remote electrification
using wood chips / blocks
Ideal for small factories, mills
Electricity, process heat
Main challenges:
Small sized biomass needs tobe briquetted.
Maintenance in remote region
can be difficult and expensive
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Organic plant based oil – Crude Palm Oil (CPO)
Ref. (6)
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Economical viability of CPORef. (7)
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Challenges – Evironmental issues
"... carbon released from peat swamps in Indonesia and Malaysia
that had been drained and burned to plant palm oil trees." (8)
"The four-year study found that ... those 2 billion tons of CO2
account for 8 percent of the world's fossil fuel emissions." (8)
"Major power companies are divided on whether to continue or
pursue palm oil generation."(8)
Suitable situations & segments for Biofuel’s use
Non-productive land, plant Jatropha
Small scale CPO for electricity generation
Biofuels use in transportation vehicles
Vehicles difficult to be carbon neutral
Helps to reduce air pollution
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Biogas anaerobic digestion
Ref. (9)
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Large Biogas System - Material Flow Chart
External
Desulfurization
Pre Tank
Post
Fermentation
Reactor
Storage Tank
Fermentation
Reactor
Solid
Dosage Unit
CHP
Transformer
Biogas
Thermal Energy S u b s t r a t e
Current
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Substrate storage and utilization
Output substrate is stabilized and can be applied to fields as a
liquid fertilizer.
Rich in nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),
potassium (K) and other trace elements.
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Project references
Large Biogas
Jüterbog 1.700 kW el.
Gröna 625 kW el.
Schwanebeck 625 kW el.
Gollensdorf 625 kW el.
Löbau 716 kW el.
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Prospective segments & challenges
Large sized Biogas system
Suitable for plantations, mills and
factories that has organic solid
wastes or waste water.
Able to produce large amount of
electricity and heat from animal
manure too.
Connect to the grid or for internal
factory use.
Main challenge:
Long term supply of organic
feedstock at reasonable price
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SunTechnics is Europe‘s largest and fastest growing
system integrator for renewable energy
Company:
Founded 1996 by Hans-Martin Rüter
Hamburg, Germany
Experience out of 5000 power plants
between 20 W and 20 MW
Part of the Conergy group
over 1400 employees worldwide
Fast global expansion
R e n e w a b l e E
n e r g y
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© SunTechnics 23
SunTechnics focuses on the demand of customers
Our business:
Engineering
Distribution
Installation Maintenance
Systems:
Photovoltaic
Solar Thermal / Cooling
Bioenergy
Small Wind and hydro power
R e n
e w a b l e E n e r g y
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© SunTechnics 24
Each customer demands individual solutions – we
deliver the corresponding renewable energy technology
Off-grid systemsOff-grid systems Mini-gridsMini-grids Medium-sizedsystemsMedium-sizedsystems
Solar thermalSolar thermal
Bio Large ScaleBio Large ScaleLarge-scaleinstallations
Large-scaleinstallations
Special installationsSpecial installations Bio Small ScaleBio Small Scale
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We provide customer service and support in all stages
Engineering / Planning DistributionFirst contact
System installation After sales service Service and maintenance
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© SunTechnics 26
SunTechnics is an important part of the global acting
Conergy Group
* Development, Manufacturing, Sales & Central Services
| Private investors| Institutional investors
| Wholesalers| Resellers
| End customers| Project customers
DMS&CS* Engineering Projects
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References
(1) Curbing Global Warming by Increasing the Economic Value of Forests, Biomass Energy. [National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology – AIST]
(2) Planning and Installing Bioenergy Systems. A guide for installers, architects and engineers. [The German Solar Energy Society
(DGS), Ecofys 2005]
(3) Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing. [U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Biomass Program]
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.html
(4) Genting Bio-Oil Sdn. Bhd.
(5) Cost of Electricity Generation by Biomass-based Power Stations. [D.E.S.I. Power]http://www.desipower.com/economics/cost_electricity.htm
(6) Power Generation from Palm Oil. A UNIDO Initiative. [Dipl.Ing. Walter Danner]
http://www.ics.trieste.it/Documents/Downloads/df4334.pdf
(7) Development of Renewable Energy in Malaysia. [Ah Ngan Ma, Yuen May Choo, Kien Yoo Cheah, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)]
http://www.ics.trieste.it/Documents/Downloads/df1637.pdf
(8) Scientists Weigh Downside of Palm Oil. [By ARTHUR MAX, Associated Press Writer] http://www.physorg.com/news94654007.html
(9) Asia hits the gas. Biogas from anaerobic digestion rolls out across Asia. [Wim J. van Nes, Renewable Energy World. Jan-Feb 2006]