Prospect of East Indonesia for

Jatropha Plantation:

A Case Study in East Flores

BY:

MIFTAHUDIN AND HAMIM

UNIT FOR COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND INDUSTRY BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

2008

Introduction

Fossil based energy crisis

Decrease oil stock

Increase oil price

Alternative energy Biofuel

Jatropha curcas L

Jatropha produces oil from the seed

Jatropha oil is:non-edible oil

an alternative energy biodiesel

renewable

Jatropha plant is adaptable tomarginal land

dry climate

Current situation of Jatropha in Indonesia

No significant area of Jatropha plantation

Less profitable than other crops

No standard seed and oil prices

Less competitive

East part of Indonesia has

Wide area of marginal land

Dry climate

Agriculture based economic

activity

Need to be developed

LocationsPlanned

Area (Ha)

Bali 350

NTB 1,824

NTT 514,930

Sulawesi 93,254

Maluku 25

Papua 393,070

Objective of the study

to study the technical feasibility of East Flores for

Jatropha plantation

Location of East Flores District

Position

- North : 80, 04’ S

- South : 80, 40’ S

- East : 1230,57’ E

- West : 1220,38’ E

Boundaries

- North : Flores Sea

- South : Sawu Sea

- East : Lembata District

- West : Sikka District

Location of East Flores

District

The area of East Flores

Location Area (Ha)

Wulan gintang 30,449

Titehena 21,170

Tanjung Bunga 343,416

Ile Mandiri 7,424

Larantuka 13,328

Solor Barat 15,068

Solor Timur 7,566

Wotan Ulu Mado 7,581

Adonara Barat 11,396

Adonara Timur 10,894

Ile Boleng 5,139

Witihama 7,797

Kelubagolit 9,157

Jatropha cultivation in East Flores

No Jatropha plantation

Found Jatropha in several locations

Jatropha is planted as a fence

Land condition in several locations

No Location Topography pH SlopeAltitude

(m asl)Notes

1 Kawalelo 1Hilly – near

sea4,9-5,4

40 % 55

2 Kawalelo 2 Field 4,2-5,6 15 % 40

3 Watowara-Lato 1 Flat 5,5-6,5 < 15 % 25Peanut,

rice

4 Watowara 2 Flat after hill 6,1 < 15 % 31

5Watowara-

Menanga Lato 3Very flat 5,8 < 15 % 55

6 Tenawahang Flat 5,2 < 15 % 90

7 Brupak-LewolagaFlat until

waves6,0 < 15 % 20

8 Nobo-Nobokonga Flat until

waves4,8 < 15 % 18

9 Nobo 2 Flat 5,8 < 15 % 25

Soil fertility in several locations

Criteria

Nutrient Status

Kawalelo 1 Watowara 1 Tenawahang 1

C-Organic Low Moderate Low

N Low Moderate Low

C/N ratio Moderate Moderate Moderate

Available P2O5 Low Low Very High

Available K2O Very High Very High Very High

Cation Exchange Capacity Moderate High High

Cation Components

Ca High Very High Very High

Mg Very High High High

K High Moderate Very High

Na Low Low Low

pH H2O Neutral Neutral Neutral

Criteria

Locations

Watowara 2 Watowara 3Brupa

Lewolaga

Nobo

Konga 2

C-Organic Low Moderate Very Low Low

N Low Low Low Low

C/N ratio Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

Available P2O5 Low Very High Low Moderate

Available K2O Very High Very High Very High Very High

Cation Exchange Capacity High High High Low

Cation Components

Ca Very High Very High Very High Low

Mg High High High Low

K High Moderate High Moderate

Na Moderate Low Moderate Very Low

pH H2OModerate

Acid

Moderate

Acid

Moderate

Acid

Moderate

Acid

Land Feasibility Map of East Flores

Land Use Map of East Flores

Land Slope Map of East Flores

Altitude Map of East Flores

Protected and Cultivated Area of East Flores

Annual rainfall in East Flores

LocationRainfall

(mm/year)Rainy Days

Boru : Wulanggitang + ile bura 4421 81

Lewolaga : Titehena 4427 65

Waiklibang : Tanjung bunga 1847 56

Larantuka: 691 62

Riangkemie: lewolema 360 62

Ritaebang: 2060 63

Menanga 1748 110

Walwadan 2186 77

Baniona 1635 45

Walwerang 1251 73

Senadan 843 70

Klubagolit 1212 71

Watihama 1120 75

Monthly rainfall in several locations

Month

Maonthly Rainfall (mm)

KawaleloWatowara; Menanga;

Lewolaga

Nobo;

Nobokonga

January 268 2471 2083

February 184 1517 1405

March 157 343 346

April 18 37 121

May - 2 26

June - - -

July - - -

August - - -

September - - -

October - - -

November - - -

December - - 0

LocationDry Month

(<100 mm)

Wet Month

(>100 mm)

Boru : kec. Wulanggitang + ile bura 7 5

Lewolaga : kec. Titehena 9 3

Waiklibang : kec. Tanjung bunga 8 4

Larantuka: kec. Larantuka+Demon

pagon+Ile mandiri9 3

Riangkemie: kec. Lewolema 12 0

Ritaebang: 8 4

Menanga 8 4

Walwadan 7 5

Baniona 7 5

Walwerang 7 5

Senadan 7 5

Klubagolit 7 5

Watihama 8 4

Dry and Wet Months

Monthly relative humidity in East Flores

No MonthRelative Humidity (%)

Min Average Max

1 January 85 89 94

2 February 79 87 95

3 March 72 86 94

4 April 80 87 95

5 May 75 81 91

6 June 50 80 92

7 July 68 79 88

8 August 50 89 92

9 September 44 65 91

10 October 51 70 91

11 November 58 72 90

12 December 59 76 98

Monthly temperature in East Flores

No MonthTemperature

Min Average Max

1 January 24.2 27.0 30.5

2 February 23.8 27.4 30.2

3 March 24.8 27.4 31.1

4 April 23.9 27.2 31.1

5 May 23.3 27.3 31.8

6 June 22.4 26.7 32.6

7 July 21.5 26.8 31.4

8 August 20.8 25.8 31.6

9 September 19.6 31.0 31.3

10 October 22.4 27.2 32.1

11 November 23.4 29.0 34.1

12 December 24.0 28.9 33.1

Land and climate requirements for Jatropha

Land

Feasibility

Altitude

(m )

Annual

Rainfall

(mm)

Dry

Month

<100

mm)

Wet

Month

>100

mm

Limiting

Factor

Land

Suitability

Climate

Map Type

S1 (Most

Feasible)

< 4001000-

20004-5 4-5

Annual to

perennial

plants for

dry climate

II-B, II-C

<4002000-

30005-6 <6

Annual to

perennial

plants for

dry climateIII-A

S2

(Feasible)

< 4001000-

20006-8 <4

Water

Availability

Annual to

perennial

plants for

dry climate

II-A

<4002000-

30005-6

Solar

Radiation

moderately

limited

Annual to

perennial

plants for

dry climate

III-B

(Any Mulyani et al 2006)

Land and climate requirements for Jatropha

Land

Feasibility

Altitude

(m )

Annual

Rainfall

(mm)

Dry

Month

<100

mm)

Wet

Month

>100

mm

Limiting

Factor

Land

Suitability

Climate

Map Type

S3 (Less

Feasible)

<700 <1000 >8 <2Water

Availability

Annual to

perennial

plants for

dry climate

I-A, I-B, I-C

<7002000-

30003-4 6-8

Solar

Radiation

moderately

limited

III-C

3000-

40003 7-9

Solar

Radiation

very limited

IV-C

N (Not

Feasible)

>7003000-

4000<2 7-11

Solar

Radiation

very limited

IV-A, IVB,

IV-D

>700 >4000 <2 7-12

Solar

Radiation

very limited

VA-D

VIA-D

Studies in other parts of east Indonesia such as

in Bali, West and East Nusa Tenggara showed:

Similar annual rainfall, temperature and humidity

Wide marginal land with similar soil nutrient status

Similar land condition

Jatropha plant grow well

Conclusions

East Flores soils and climate is suitable for Jatropha

The location grouped in S2 class feasibility

Water should be provided during dry seasons

Mulitple cropping with annual crops, such as peanut,

soybean, and soyabean, is recommended

In general, East Part of Indonesia has potential to be

developed for Jatropha plantation

The ecology of Jatropha

rainfall : 300-1,200 mm per annum

altitude : 0-500 m asl.

optimum temperature : 20oC - 26oC

soil acidity of 5.0-6.5,