PROSES EKOSISTEM:

PERCEIVING

Sumber Utama :

1. Melso. 1980. Family and Environment. An Ecosystem Perspective

2. Soemarwoto. 1983. Ekologi Lingkungan Hidup dan Pembangunan

3. Sunarti. 2011. Optimalisasi Transaksi Materi dan Energi Keluarga

dengan Lingkungannya. FEMA IPB.

4. Sunarti. 2009. Ed. Pengembangan Model Ecovillage.

Pembangunan Kawasan Perdesaan serta Sumbangan Pertanian

Bagi Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Penduduk Perdesaan

Kualitas Kehidupan

Manusia dan Lingkungan

Kualitas Kehidupan

Manusia dan Lingkungan

Eksploitasi

Boros

Rakus

Profit Oriented (dll)

Hemat

Konservasi

Reboisasi

Recycling

Diversity

Konversi (dll)

Empati

Harmonis

Tenggang Rasa

Toleransi

Menghormati

Menghargai

Mengasihi

Social Gathering (dll)

Cuek

Abai

Agresif

Tidak Sensitif

Self Oriented (dll)

- + -+

Terkucil

Terabaikan

Marginalisasi

Diskriminasi

Pertikaian

Separation (dll)

Dukungan Sosial

Perdamaian

Jaringan Sosial

Menghormati

Menghargai

Mengasihi (dll)

Sustainability,

keseimbangan

Keterjaminan

Sejahtera

Aman

Ketidakseimbangan

Alam (Kelangkaan

Energi, Kekeringan,

Bencana Alam)

Kelaparan (dll)

- -++

Dampak

Perilaku

LINGKUNGAN

SOSIAL

LINGKUNGAN

ALAMKELUARGA

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT

FAMILY ECOSYSTEM’S

MANAGEMENT OF HABITAT

(FAMILY BEHAVIOR WITH

REGARD TO ITS RESIDENCE) INFORMATION

ABOUT THE

ENERGY

PROBLEM

(BELIEFS,

PRACTICES)

ENERGY :

CONSUMPTION

& WASTE

OUTPUT

INFORMATIO

N ABOUT

ENERGY

PROBLEM

INPUT

ENERGY

INTERACTION BETWEEN NATURE,

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND FAMILY

TRANSACTIONAL PROCESS

BETWEEN FAMILY AND ITS

ENVIRONMENT

PERCEIVING

VALUING

DECIDING

SPACING

A. PERCEIVING

Perceiving may be defined as the process by which

meaningful information is extracted from physical

stimulation

Perceiving is a complex experience, involving

organization and actions as well as sensory input

Perceiving must be understood within the total

environmental network within which it takes place,

both as source of information and as an arena for

action

what IS, is what is perceived

PERCEIVING

1. The nature of perception

2. Individual perceptual styles

3. Cultural influences on perception

4. Family perception of the environment

1. The nature of perception

Perception is a process of interpretation based on what has been previously perceived

SEEING IS BELIEVING

BELIEVING IS SEEING

Everyone is prisoner of his own experiences. No

one can eliminate prejudice, just recognize them

(Edward R Murrow)

MEKANISME INTERNALISASI

PEMBENTUKAN PERSEPSI

Stimulus :

Orang,

situasi,

informasi,

kejadian

Ingatan Jangka Pendek

Ingatan Jangka

Panjang

INTERPRETASI

Respon tidak memuaskann

Respon

memuaskan,

pembelajaran

tuntas

Penerimaan

oleh

pancaindera

Stimulus

yang

sama

SELECTIVE :

RECEPTION

RETENTION

INTERPRETATIO

N

PERCEPTION

TAHAPAN PROSES INFORMASI

perhatian:

Alokasi

Kapasitas

KognitifRETENSI

PENERIMAAN

PEMAHAMAN

PERHATIAN

TERPAPAR

STIMULUSINGATAN

MANUSIA

KIKIR

KOGNITIF

?

Bagaimana

1) PROSES TRANSAKSI KELUARGA

dan

2) KONSEKUENSINYA THDP KUALITAS

KELUARGA,

diinformasikan dan menjadi

3) STIMULUS BAGI KELUARGA

sehingga keluarga melakukan

5) TRANSAKSI YANG POSITIF ?

2. Individual perceptual style

Augmenter – reducer

Leveling Vs sharpening

Reflective – impulsive

Independence - dependence

Difference (1) in level of perceptual information

needed, & (2) In the use of perceptual information to

make judgments

Individuals vary : (1) in the complexity of their

cognitive categories, (2) in their openness to new

information, (3) In their responses to information

overload, and (4) in their preferred level of risk taking

Augmenter : one who is able to make a lot out

of a little stimulation

Reducer: one who makes a little out of a lot of

stimulation

Leveling-sharpening: as the tendency of the

individual to minimize or maximize differences

among environmental stimuli

Impulsive approach is to fasten on to the first likely

choice and quickly write it down

Reflective approach involves careful consideration

of each alternative, matching it against a criterion of

“most appropriate response” and only after such

thorough investigation, making a choice.

Field dependency: the tendency to use

external cues in making a judgment based on

conflicting perceptual evidence from the

environment and from within oneself. Refers

to reliance on the environment external to

oneself

Field independency; by contrast, relies upon

attention to internal cues

Perbedaan budaya dalam penggunaan

receptor (differences in receptor use)

Contact-cultures

Arab: “close contact”

Japan : “The paper Thin Walls”

(Germany: “Thicker Walls”)

Density may be associated with a perceptual

style of close interpersonal sensory

involvement

3. Cultural Differences in Perceiving

The sensory needs of family members are

not the same

Kebutuhan lingkungan yang hangat dengan

sentuhan fisik bagi bayi dan anak-anak

Kebutuhan difahami dan dimengerti / diterima apa

adanya / difasilitasi dan ruang untuk berkembang

Persepsi thdp lingkungan sosial (ideal,normal,

mengancam)

Persepsi thdp lingkungan alam (yang ideal, yg

mengancam)

4. Family Perception Of The Environment

Perbedaan persepsi terjadi karena perbedaan sejarah,

pengalaman, dan temperamen seseorang

Perbedaan temperamen : seseorang yg distractible

memproses informasi dg cepat dan membutuhkan high

level of environmental stimulation (dmkn sebaliknya)

Difference s in Styles of information processing :

Style of information processing will differ in complexity of

cognitive information, overload, and level of desired risk

of uncertainty contained in new information

How is information overload handled ?

Adaptasi thdp overload : withdrawal from interaction;

filtering stimulation; or cognitive structuring

Information processing style also consists of

attitudes toward risk or uncertainty.

People who dislike taking risks will not attend

to information that might increase their sense

of uncertainty

Secure vs unsecure environment

Certainty vs uncertainty environment

summary

• Perceiving is an active process of interpreting & giving meaning to the environment, not the passive imprint of sensation upon sensory receptors

• This view of perceiving means that many kinds of individual and group differences will be reflected in perceptual style : cultural distinctiveness, developmental change, historical change

• The diverse perceptual styles identified (augmenter-reducers, leveler-sharpener, reflective-impulsive, field independence-dependence) share common differences in preferred level of stimulation or adaptation level.