Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )

Mobile Source Control Division July 2, 2003 Planning and Technical Support Division Public WorkshopMonitoring and Laboratory DivisionCalifornia Air Resources Board

Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines

(SORE)

Topics to Cover

Evaporative

Inventory

Exhaust

California Air Resources Board

Exhaust Emissions

Mobile Source Control Division

Overview of Presentation

• Background• Amendment Objectives• Test Results• Other Modifications to the Regulations

and Test Procedures


Significant Events

• 1990: 1st SORE Reg Adopted

• 1995: 1st Standards Implemented

• 1998: SORE Reg Amended

• 1998/2000: U.S. EPA Finalizes Regs

• 2003: New Amendments to be Proposed


Statewide Small Engine Exhaust Inventory


CY 2000

165 TPD

=

CY 2020

97 TPD

=+

HC+NOx

Regulatory Amendment Objectives

• Align with U.S. EPA’s 2005 “handheld” HC+NOx emission level

• Adopt catalyst based HC+NOx standards for “nonhandheld” engines

• Adopt optional low-emission standards

• Better align ARB/U.S. EPA Test Procedures


0-65cc (“Handheld”) Engines - Proposed Amendments

• Align with U.S. EPA’s 50 g/kW-hr HC+NOx standard– Applicable to engines less than 50cc– CO and PM standards unchanged

• Revise upper limit of category to include engines up to 80cc

• 2005 MY Implementation– Inline with EPA


>80cc (“Nonhandheld”) Engines - Proposed Amendments

• 50% reduction in HC+NOx standard– Catalyst based levels– >80 - <225cc: 8.0 g/kW-hr– 225cc and above: 6.0 g/kW-hr

• Include 1000 hour durability option for engines 225cc and above

• 2006 MY Implementation


Catalyst Test Program• Contractor: SwRI• Purpose: Test small engine with catalysts to

show a 50% emission reduction is feasible over the useful life of the engine

No. Mfg.

Rated Power (kW) Disp. (cc) Appl.

1 B&S #1 4.8 190 WBM2 B&S#2 4.8 190 WBM3 Tecumseh 4.8 195 WBM4 Honda #1 4.1 160 WBM5 Kawasaki 14.2 675 Rider6 Honda #2 8.2 340 Gen


Emission Control System• B&S #1

– Enleanment, Catalyst, PSAI• Tecumseh

– Catalyst, PSAI• Honda #1

– Catalyst, PSAI• Kawasaki

– Enleanment, Catalyst, PSAI


Catalysts Used

• TWC• Metallic substrate• Loading confidential

Engine No. Mfg. Cat ID

Diameter, inches

Length, inches

Cell Density,

cpsi1 B&S #1 C 2.4 2.0 2003 Tecumseh C 2.4 2.0 2004 Honda #1 J 2.4 2.0 4005 Kawasaki E 4.6 4.5 400


Catalyst Efficiency

0102030405060708090

100

B&S#1 B&S#2 Tecumseh Honda#1 Kawasaki

% E

ffici

ency

0 125 250


Target Level

Exhaust Levels Achieved

02468

1012141618

B&S#1 B&S#2 Tec. Hon.#1 Kawa.

HC+

NO

x (

g/kW

-hr)

0 hr 125 hr 250 hr

Current Standard

Proposed Standard

Current Standard

Proposed Standard

Developed Engine Emissions


Muffler Surface Temperatures

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

B&S#2 Tecumseh(@250 hr)

Honda#1 Kawasaki(@125 hr)

Surf

ace

Tem

pera

ture

(deg. F)

Mufflerw/ Cat


(@Mode 1)

Muffler Out Temperatures

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

B&S#1 B&S#2 Tec.(@250 hr)

Honda#1 KawasakiSurf

ace

Tem

pera

ture

(deg. F)

Muffler w/ Cat


(@Mode 1)

Summary of Tier 3 Standards

Size (cc) MY

HC+NOx Standard (g/kW-hr)

< 50 2005+ 5050 - < 80 2005+ 72

>80 - <225 2006+ 8> 225 2006+ 6


Environmental Benefits

Engine Redux.

HH 3.5

NonHH 9.0

2010 Statewide HC+NOx Reductions from Exhaust Proposal

(TPD)


Estimated Cost to Meet Proposed Standards

• < 80 cc: $0/unit

• > 80 - < 225 cc: ~ $26 - $32/unit

• > 225 cc: ~ $45 - $66/unit


Optional Standards

• Voluntary• Cleaner Engines• California “Blue Sky Series”• Comply with HC+NOx levels 50% of

Tier 3 standard• Incentives• 2005/6 Implementation


Additional Changes to Exhaust Regulations

• Unit Power: Convert from hp to kW

• Defects Reporting– Voluntary/Ordered Recall– Included in Exhaust and Evaporative

Program

• Align ARB/U.S. EPA Test Procedures



Documents

Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines ( SORE )