Proposal Skripsi Rida Rizki Amalia(1)

7/25/2019 Proposal Skripsi Rida Rizki Amalia(1)

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AWARENESS AND CURRENT USE OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTESAMONG FIRST YEAR MEDICAL AND ENGINEERING MALE STUDENTS

OF UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA, 2015

A grada!"#g $a$%r &'("!!%d !) !*% ')ard )+ %a("#%r&a& $ar!"a- +-+"--(%#! )+ !*% r%."r%(%#!& +)r !*%

a!!a"#(%#! )+ /a*%-)r )+ M%d""#% D%gr%% "# Fa-! )+M%d""#% U#"%r&"!a& Gad3a* Mada

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R"da R"6" A(a-"a

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TA/LE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT......................................2

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...............................4

A. Research Backgroun..............................4

B. Research !ues"#on................................$

C. Research O%&ec"#'e...............................$

D. Research Au"hen"#c#"(............................$

E. Research Bene)#".................................*

CHAPTER II:L#"era"ure Re'#e+........................,-

A. To%acco.........................................,-

B. Eec"ron#c C#gare""es...........................,/

CHAPTER III:Research 0e"ho.........................,1

A. Research Des#gn.................................,1

B. Research Poua"#on.............................,1

C. Research 3ae.................................,1

D. 3ae 3eec"#on................................,*

E. Research Loca"#on...............................,*

F. 0easuren" an Da"a Coec"#on..................2-

F.,. Research 5ar#a%e............................2-

F.2. Research 0e"ho..............................2-

3


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6. Da"a Ana(s#s...................................22

B#%#ograh(.........................................2/

4


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CHA=TER I

INTRODUCTION

A> R%&%ar* /a6gr)#d

To%acco #s one o) "he os" coon cause o) ea"h #n "h#s

+or. Aroun 7 ##on eoe each (ear +ere k#e %( "o%acco

e))ec". 0ore "han 8 ##on o) "hose ea"h +ere cause %( #rec"

sok#ng9 +h#e "he res" +as %e#ng eose "o secon;han soke.

Base on


6/22

41.1= reor"e a%s"#nence )ro sok#ng )or a er#o o) "#e

>3#ege e" a. 2-,,?. 3ae as "he #n"erne" sur'e(s9 "he o"her

resu" %ase on rano#e c#n#ca "r#as sho+s "ha" aong /--

sokers9 $/.,= o) "hose +as success s"o us#ng c#gare""es as +e

as eec"ron#c c#gare""es9 +h#e "he res" >27.*=? #s reor"e

coe"e sok#ng a%s"#nence %u" s"# us#ng "he eec"ron#c

c#gare""es %( "he en o) o%ser'a"#ona er#o >Poosa e" a.

2-,/?.In )ac"9 "he ouar#"( o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #ncrease #n

"he as" )our (ears >3#"h

Legga" 2--$?. Bu" un"# no+ "here #s s"# no a"a a%ou"

eec"ron#c c#gare""es sokers aong e#ca s"uen".Accor#ng "o END3?. I"s eans9 eec"ron#c c#gare""es #s "he

e'#ces es#gne )or "he urose o) n#co"#ne e#'er( "o "he

res#ra"or( s(s"e +here "o%acco #s no" necessar( )or "he#r

oera"#on >


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A+areness an curren" use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n

Inones#a are rea#ns o+. Base on a s"u(9 "he a+areness o)

eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Inones#a +as ,-.*=9 an "he curren" use

o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Inones#a +as 2.8= >Pa#u# e" a.

2-,8?.

/> R%&%ar* %&!")#

,. Is "here an( #))erences re'aence o) eec"ron#c

c#gare""es a+areness %e"+een )#rs" (ear e#ca an

eng#neer#ng ae s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa

og(akar"a2. Is "here an( #))erences re'aence o) eec"ron#c

c#gare""es curren" use aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an

eng#neer#ng ae s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa

og(akar"a

C> R%&%ar* O'3%!"%

The o%&ec"#'es o) "he s"u( #s:,. To coare "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es

a+areness aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng ae

s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.2. To coare "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es

curren" use aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng ae

s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.

D> R%&%ar* A!*%#!""!

There #s no recen" s"u( a%ou" a+areness an curren" use o)

eec"ron#c c#gare""es aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng

ae s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a. Ho+e'er9

7


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"here are )e+ s"u#es "ha" ha'e s##ar "o#c +#"h "h#s s"u(

+h#ch +as one %e)ore:

,. Pa#u#9 .0. e" a.9 2-,8. A+areness an Curren" Use o)

Eec"ron#c C#gare""es #n Inones#a9 0aa(s#a9 !a"ar9 an

6reece: F#n#ngs Fro 2-,,;2-,/ 6o%a Au" To%acco

3ur'e(s. Nicotine & Tobacco Research9 .,$. A'a#a%e

a":

h"":GGn"r.o)or&ournas.orgGcg#Go#G,-.,-*/Gn"rGn"'-1,.

"h#s research conuc"e easure "he a+areness an curren"

use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Inones#a9 0aa(s#a9

!a"ar9 an 6reece )#n#ng )ro 2-,,;2-,/. The resu"

cou %e concue "ha" a+areness o) e;c#gare""es +as

,-.*= #n Inones#a9 2,.-= #n 0aa(s#a9 4*.-= #n !a"ar9

an 11.8= #n 6reece. In a )our coun"r#es9 a+areness +as

h#gher aong ae9 (ounger9 ore euca"e9 an +ea"h#er

resonen"s. Curren" e;c#gare""e use aong "hose a+are o)

e;c#gare""es +as /.*= #n 0aa(s#a9 2.8= #n Inones#a9

2.2= #n 6reece an ,.1= #n !a"ar.

E> R%&%ar* /%#%+"!

The resu" o) "h#s research #s eec"e "o g#'e a sc#en"#)#c

a"a o) a+areness an curren" use o) eeec"ron#c c#gare""es aong

)#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng ae s"uen"s #n Un#'ers#"as

6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a. 0on#"or#ng o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es

8
http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntv081http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntv081


9/22

a+areness an curren" aso cou he #n)or "o%acco con"ro

o#c#es an u%#c hea"h #n"er'en"#ons.

CHA=TER II

L"!%ra!r% R%"%B

A> T)'a)

To%acco #s one o) "he os" coon cause o) ea"h #n "h#s

+or. In Un#"e 3"a"e9 "o%acco caus#ng 41-.--- ea"hs annua(9

"ha" cons#s" o) 2$1.844 ea"hs aong en9 an 2-,.$$/ ea"hs aong

+oen >CDC 2-,8%?. In Inones#a a%ou" 4--.--- ou" o) ,.$ ##on

ea"hs #n Inones#a +ere cause %( "o%acco rea"e #sease >CDC 2-,8%?.

9


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Base on 6o%a Au" To%acco 3ur'e( >6AT3?9 aroun 7$= ae

sokers #n "h#s +or are coe )ro Inones#a +h#ch eans

Inones#a ha'e "he h#ghes" sok#ng ra"e aong ae #n "h#s +or

an o'era /4.1= sokers are coe )ro Inones#a >CDC 2-,8?.There are a o" o) "(e o) "o%acco rouc"s "ha" use %(

sokers aroun "he +or. The os" coon )or o) "o%acco "ha"

use +or+#e #s "he anu)ac"ure c#gare""es. Th#s "(e o)

"o%acco o) cons#s" o) shree or recons"#"u"e "o%acco rocesse

+#"h hunres o) che#cas. O)"en +#"h a )#"er9 "he( are

anu)ac"ure %( a ach#ne. B##s #s aso one "(e o) "o%acco "ha"

)oun #n 3ou"h;Eas" As#a an "he os" coon "(e o) "o%acco "ha"

use aong In#a eoe. B##s cons#s" o) a sa aoun" o)

"o%acco9 han;+rae #n r#e "e%urn# ea) an "#e +#"h s"r#ng.

The %##s user nee "o u)) harer "o kee "he %##s #"9 an #"

cause "he e#'er#es o) "ar an car%on ono#e "o "he %o( "ha"

rouce %( %##s h#gher "han anu)ac"ure c#gare""es.The o"her "(e o) "o%acco "ha" soke aong soker

"hroughou" "he +or #s cae c#gars. C#gars #s coon use #n


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"hrough "he s"e9 "here #s one su%"(e o) #es "ha" aso use

"hroughou" se'era coun"r(9 #ke Nor"h A)r#ca9 The 0e#"erranean9

an ar"s o) As#a. Th#s rouc" cae a"er #es or kno+n as

sh#sha or hu%%( %u%%(.A "he eae a%o'e are #ncue #n "he sok#ng "o%acco

"(e. FDA9 2-,-?.Bes#es "he eae a%o'e9 "here #s s"# one eae o)

"o%acco rouc"s "ha" no+aa(s %eco#ng a ne+ "rens aong sokers

an non;sokers aroun "he +or. Th#s rouc"s kno+s as

Eec"ron#c C#gare""esGE;c#gare""esG5aer.

/> E-%!r)#" C"gar%!!%&

Base on


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c#gare""es #s a e'#ce "ha" he n#co"#ne e#'er( "o "he

res#ra"or( s(s"e +here "o%acco #s no" "he a#n coonen" o)

"he#r oera"#on >


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The "rens "o us#ng eec"ron#c c#gare""es +as ore )re@uen"

aong sokers "han non;sokers9 an %o(s +ere ore "e"e "o "r(

"h#s rouc"s "han g#rs. The o"her a"a sho+s "ha" "he reason )or

"r(#ng eec"ron#c c#gare""es +as cur#os#"( "o "r( "h#s ne+

rouc"s >Lo"rean 2-,8?.Eec"ron#c c#gare""es are o)"en kno+n as "he hea"h#er

'ers#on o) "he con'en"#ona c#gare""e. The echan#s o) eec"ron#c

c#gare""es #s %( aeroso#e "he n#co"#ne so "ha" #" #s can go

#rec"( "o "he res#ra"or( "rac" "hen en"er "o "he %oos"rea9

an resu"#ng #n #ns"an" e))ec" o) n#co"#ne #n "he cen"ra ner'ous

s(s"e. Pro(ene 6(co "ha" aso resence #n "he eec"ron#c

c#gare""e #@u# #s use "o ake "he aearance o) eec"ron#c

c#gare""es sae +#"h "he con'en"#ona c#gare""es %( rouc#ng "he

ar"#)#c#a soke >uschner e" a. 2-,,?.Eec"ron#c c#gare""es "ha" no+aa(s %eco#ng a ne+ "ren #n

a u%#c ha'e os#"#'e an nega"#'e asec" "ha" correa"e "o each

o"her. For "he eae9 eec"ron#c c#gare""es a( no" rouce #r"

or ash #ke "he con'en"#ona ones9 #" eans "ha" #" ess har "o

"he en'#ronen". Bu" #n "he o"her hans "he #sosa car"r#ges

an %a""er#es "ha" "(#ca( use as "he coonen" o) "he

eec"ron#c c#gare""es a( %eco#ng a ne+ en'#ronen"a concern.

The o"her eae #s "he eec"ron#c c#gare""es g#'e sae sensa"#on

o) sok#ng #ke con'en"#ona c#gare""es o9 or usua( cae as

"hroa" h#" sensa"#on9 %u" "he "hroa" h#" sensa"#on "ha" g#'en

%( "he eec"ron#c c#gare""es #s een on har+are use an "he

coos#"#on o) "he #@u# >Poosa e" a. 2-,/?.

13


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Base on soe s"u#es9 "he re'aence o) a+areness an

curren" use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #s #))eren" #n each

coun"r#es aroun "he +or. For "he eae9 "he re'aence o)

eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Ne"herans %( 2-,/ #s 11=9 #n Reu%#c

o) orea %( 2-,- #s $*=9 #n Un#"e 3"a"es %( 2-,- #s $/=9 #n

Aus"ra#a %( 2-,/ #s 77=9 #n 0aa(s#a %( 2-,, #s 72=9 Un#"e

#ngo >2-,-? #s 84=9 Canaa >2-,-? #s 4-=9 Bra# >2-,/? #s /8=9

0e#co >2-,2? #s /4=9 an Ch#na >2--*? #s /,=. An aong "he

resonen"s "ha" cons#er "o %e a+are o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es

"ha" en"#one a%o'e9 "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es

sok#ng s"a"us #n each coun"r#es aso sho+e a 'ar#es resu". For

"he eae9 #n Aus"ra#a aong 77= resonen"s "ha" cons#er "o

%e a+are o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es on( 2-= resonen"s "ha"

reor"e e'er "r#e eec"ron#c c#gare""es >)orer eec"ron#c

c#gare""es sokers? an on( $= o) "he are reor"e as curren"

eec"ron#c c#gare""es sokers. The o"her eae #s #n Ne"herans

"he a+areness o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es rea#n h#gh >11=? %u" on(

,1= resonen"s are reor"e as )orer eec"ron#c c#gare""es

sokers an on( /= o) "he are reor"e as curren" eec"ron#c

c#gare""es sokers >6ra'e( e" a. 2-,4?.

14


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CHA=TER III

R%&%ar* M%!*)d

A> R%&%ar* D%&"g#

Th#s s"u( us#ng "he escr#"#'e ana(s#s cross sec"#ona

s"u( es#gn. Th#s s"u( es#gn #s easur#ng "he eosure an "he

ou"coe a" a o#n" o) "#e #n a g#'en oua"#on.

/> R%&%ar* =)$-a!")#

The research oua"#on o) "h#s s"u( are "he )#rs" (ear

s"uen"s o) 0e#ca )acu"( an Eng#neer#ng )acu"( Un#'ers#"as

6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.

15


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C> R%&%ar* Sa($-%

Base on "he re'#ous o%ser'a"#on a%ou" "he nu%er o)

s"uen"s "ha" e'er hear a%ou" eec"ron#c c#gare""es9 coege o)

e#c#ne an echan#ca eng#neer#ng +# %e "he sae o) "h#s

s"u( an on( ae s"uen"s an s"uen"s )ro Inones#a "ha" can

ar"#c#a"e as a resonen"s o) "h#s s"u(.To coun" "he sae s#e )or "h#s s"u(9 "he )orua "ha"

+# %e use #s:

samplez1/2 p(1p)

d2

J,;KG2 3"anar nora 'ar#a"e >a" 8= "(e , error >PM-.-8?

,.*7?P Eec"e roor"#on #n oua"#on %ase on re'#ous s"u#es

or #o" s"u#esD A%sou"e error or rec#s#on

Accor#ng "o "he )orua a%o'e9 "he sae s#e "ha" +# %e

use #n "h#s s"u( #s:

sample1.960.109(10.109)

(0.05 )2 =

0.1903

0.0025=76.176

D> Sa($-% S%-%!")#

The sa#ng "echn#@ue "ha" +# use #n "h#s s"u( #s

con'en#ence sa#ng. Con'en#ence sa#ng #s one o) non;

ro%a%##"( sa#ng "echn#@ue +here resonen"s o) "h#s s"u( are

seec"e %ecause "he( are con'en#en" an eas( "o access.

E> R%&%ar* L)a!")#

Th#s s"u( +# %e conuc"e #n Facu"( o) 0e#c#ne an

Facu"( o) Eng#neer#ng Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.

16


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F> M%a&r%(%#! a#d Da!a C)--%!")#

F>1> R%&%ar* Var"a'-%

The #neenen" 'ar#a%es o) "h#s s"u( are )acu"( o)

e#c#ne an )acu"( o) eng#neer#ng Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa

og(akar"a +h#e "he eenen" 'ar#a%es are "he a+areness an

curren" use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es. The con)oun#ng 'ar#a%es o)

"h#s s"u( are age o) "he resonen"s an "o%acco sok#ng s"a"us

>sokers an non sokers?.

F>2> R%&%ar* M%!*)d

Th#s s"u( us#ng se);a#n#s"ere @ues"#onna#re as "he

e"ho )or a"a coec"#on. The @ues"#onna#re con"a#n#ng soe

@ues"#ons o) eograh#c )ea"ure >age9 gener9 an res#enc(

s"a"us #n og(akar"a? an )oo+#ng %( "he )oo+#ng @ues"#on:,. Do (ou curren"( soke "o%acco rouc"s >anu)ac"ure

c#gare""es9 c#gars9 #es9 han;roe c#gare""es9

kre"eks9 an sh#shaG+a"er #e? >Resonse: Da#( or Less

"han Da#( or No" a" A?. Those +ho reson a#( or

ess "han a#( are cons#ere as sokers9 +h#e "hose

+ho reson no" a" a +ere cons#ere as non sokers.2. Ho+ uch #s (our a#( a'erage eenses )or %u(#ng

c#gare""es >Resonses: no"h#ng or M R 2-.---9-- or

2-.---9--R ,8-.---9-- or R ,8-.---?/. Ha'e (ou e'er hear a%ou" eec"ron#c c#gare""esGe;

c#gare""esG'aer >Resonses: es or No?. Those +ho

reson (es "o "he @ues"#on a%o'e are cons#ere "o %e

a+are o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es.

17


18/22

4. Do (ou curren"( use eec"ron#c c#gare""esGe;

c#gare""esG'aer >Resonses: a#( or ess "han a#( or

no" a" a?. Those +ho reson a#( or ess "han

a#( are cons#ere as curren" eec"ron#c c#gare""es

users.8. Those +ho reson no" a" a shou ans+er "he

)oo+#ng @ues"#on:In "he as"9 ha'e (ou e'er "r( "o use eec"ron#c

c#gare""esGe;c#gare""esG'aer >Resonses: a#( or ess

"han a#( or no" a" a?. Those +ho reson a#( or

ess "han a#( are cons#ere as )orer eec"ron#c

c#gare""es users9 +h#e "hose +ho reson no" a" a

are cons#ere as ne'er users.

G> Da!a A#a-&"&

The s"u( easure "he a+areness an curren" use o)

eec"ron#c c#gare""es aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng

ae s"uen" Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a "ha" ea#ne %(

"he o) "he resonen"s9 "o%acco sok#ng s"a"us >sokers an non

sokers?9 eec"ron#c c#gare""es sok#ng s"a"us >curren" users9

)orer users9 ne'er users?. In each )acu"( "o escr#%e "he

charac"er#s"#c o) resonen"s gener an "o%acco sok#ng s"a"us #s

cacua"e aong eec"ron#c c#gare""es curren" sokers9 )orer

soker9 or resonen"s "ha" ne'er soke eec"ron#c c#gare""es

%e)ore.The resu" o) "he sur'e( +# cou"e an cacua"e %( 3P33

so)"+are "o es"#a"e "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es

a+areness an curren" use %ase on age an sok#ng s"a"us o) "he

18


19/22

resonen"s an aso *8= con)#ence #n"er'a. D#))erences #n

es"#a"es +ere cons#ere s"a"#s"#ca( s#gn#)#can" #) "he

con)#ence #n"er'as # no" o'era.

/"'-")gra$*CDC9 2-,8a. 6o%a Au" To%acco 3ur'e(. A'a#a%e a":

h"":GGas.ncc.cc.go'G6T33Da"aGAnc#ar(GDo+noaA""achen".

asID,-27 Accesse Augus" ,89 2-,8.

CDC9 2-,8%. To%acco Fac" 3hee". A'a#a%e a":

h"":GG+++.cc.go'G"o%accoGa"aQs"a"#s"#csG)ac"Qshee"sG(ou"hQa

"aG"o%accoQuseG#ne.h" Accesse Augus" 19 2-,8.

6ra'e(9 3. e" a.9 2-,4. A+areness9 Tr#a9 an Curren" Use o)

Eec"ron#c C#gare""es #n ,- Coun"r#es: F#n#ngs )ro "he ITC

Pro&ec". International Journal of Environmental Research and

Public Health9 ,,>,,?9 .,,7*,,,$-4. A'a#a%e a":

h"":GG+++.#.coG,77-;47-,G,,G,,G,,7*,G.

uschner9


20/22

h"":GG+++.o'eress.coGeec"ron#c;c#gare""es;an;"h#rhan;

"o%acco;soke;"+o;eerg#ng;hea"h;;eer;re'#e+e;ar"#ce;I60.

Lee9 3. e" a.9 2-,,. Pu%#c hea"h chaenges o) eec"ron#c

c#gare""es #n 3ou"h orea. Journal of preventive medicine and

public health = eban! "iha#hoe chi9 44>7?9 .2/84,.

A'a#a%e a":

h"":GG+++.u%ecen"ra.n#h.go'Gar"#cerener.)cg#

ar"#/24*272"oocen"rerener"(ea%s"rac".

Lo"rean9 L.0.9 2-,8. Use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es aong Roan#an

un#'ers#"( s"uen"s: a cross;sec"#ona s"u(. $M% public

health9 ,8>,?9 ./81. A'a#a%e a":

h"":GG+++.%#oecen"ra.coG,4$,;2481G,8G/81.

Pa#u#9 .0. e" a.9 2-,8. A+areness an Curren" Use o)

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